Occurrence Of Social Problems Research Articles

ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL PROBLEM OCCURANCE AMONG YOUTH IN KELANTAN THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF GIS ANALYSIS

Religious life that is also known as piety, is the highest level of a Muslim. It could be achieved through the practicing and appreciating of high religion based on true understanding. However, in recent years, there have been many criminal cases and social problems reported happening among young people and religious people, especially in Kelantan. This study was conducted with the aim to perceive the relationship between the appreciation of Islamic studies among the youth of Kelantan and the occurrence of social problems by using geospatial analysis. On the other hand, it was known that the basis of learning and mastery of the Islamic religion begins with studying the Quran. The important is it could serve as a guide for every Muslim. However, the level of appreciation can also be influenced by the physical environment. This study involved 250 random respondents covering all districts in Kelantan. A set of questionnaires have been prepared and distributed to the youths through social media such as WhatsApp and Telegram. For the crime cases analysis, the studies used police report data for the purpose of detecting hotspots of crime in the study area. Results of the study show a positive relationship between the appreciation of Islamic studies and social problems among youth in Kelantan and the distribution of incidents was shown in terms of spatial interpolation using Inverse Distance Weightage (IDW).

The Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and Attention Among Medical Students at Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia

Introduction: Smartphone addiction is characterized by a strong attachment to the smartphone that allows the occurrence of social problems and difficulty in performing everyday activities. Cognitive function disruption is one of smartphone addiction’s negative effects, and one component of cognitive function is attention. The prevalence of smartphone addiction in adolescents and young adults was higher since they were relatively more familiar to technology and lacked self-control. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between smartphone addiction and attention among medical students at Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia.
 Methods: An analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 82 respondents. The respondents were from the 2016, 2017, and 2018 batch of medical students at Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia and were selected by stratified random sampling. The data were gathered using Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV) questionnaire, in order to estimate the prevalence of smartphone addiction and the Stroop Test to measure attention.
 Results. The majority of the subject were female (70,7%) and aged around 17-21 years. The respondents who were addicted to smartphones were 48,8%, and most respondents who were addicted were using their smartphone for 5-≤7 hours/day (63,3%) and spent their time more on social media (56,7%). The mean attention score was 63,81. The mean attention score for non-smartphone addicts was higher than the addicted ones, but there is no statistically significant correlation between smartphone addiction and attention (p= 0,06).
 Conclusions. There is no significant correlation between smartphone addiction and attention.

The good practice of inclusion in action - the proposal of program based on the Human Rights

Rapidly changing time is a problem: are we able to deal with all challenges in a humanistic and peaceful way? Is it possible? Do falling barriers to trade have led to a rapid change in social life and in the movement of products and labor? With these exciting transformations also came great challenges and threats, at a time when we seem to like each other less and less, with partisan affective polarization on the rise in a country after country.The paper presents definitions of phenomenon of marginalization and exclusion from European perspective. The main idea of its lecture and planned project is the presentation the intervention program among seniors based on heritage of work the French Research Committee on Violence, Crime and Delinquency, who published 40 years ago a document Society against Violence. The document contained analyses on the occurrence of social problems and their determinants, as well as guidelines to reduce risks and reduce the sense of threat and insecurity in modern society. Based on the conclusion included into Report “Society against Violence” the special training was prepared. The theoretical assumption of the project is Levinian model of changes in society and his methodology of action research. The aims of program are to change attitudes in the field of knowledge and attitudes towards the used violence and to improve the skills to react in situations of confrontation with institutional or press aggression or the so-called manifestations of "hate speech" in education institutions. Because of Coronavirus lockdown only idea and first step of implementation (the realisation was stopped) is possible to presentation.
 Maybe the program is in a primary stage but we believe that modern societies should relay and based on the idea of Human Rights and spread them elsewhere and that violence in modern societies should be reduced by human rights and democracy education.The document became the basis for the reflection on public debate on violence in international communities and psychological practice against violence in interpersonal and social meaning. The article presents the possible directions of research and psychological interventions in this area especially among seniors. This perspective is worth to be underlined because it is a part of wider trend in preparation social support programmes focused on inclusion adults from a difficult sociocultural environment. Such programmes could improve competencies to protect social capital of societies. The content and scope of these programmes should be drawn from knowledge of the relationships between the various risk factors, protective factors and developmental processes in groups and societies and combine knowledge, practical useful skills and good psychological experience by continue containing with life.

Zagrożenie i lęk w społeczeństwie. Refleksje 40 lat po raporcie „Społeczeństwo wobec przemocy” i 70 lat po ustanowieniu Deklaracji Praw Człowieka

<p>Ponad 41 lat temu ukazał się we Francji dokument przygotowany przez Komitet Badań nad Przemocą, Zbrodnią i Występkiem pt. „Społeczeństwo wobec przemocy”. W raporcie starano się naświetlić nie tylko przyczyny przemocy jako problemu społecznego, lecz także zawarto w nim wskazówki mające na celu ograniczenie jej występowania. W niniejszym opracowaniu na podstawie wspomnianego dokumentu Peyrefittego dokonano refleksji nad kierunkami podejmowanych przez lata działań na rzecz redukcji przemocy w kontekście międzynarodowym i krajowym. Przedstawiono również możliwe kierunki badań oraz oddziaływań psychologicznych w tym obszarze.</p>

Addressing the issue of violence in our society. The ten most important rules in the light of the study on “Society without violence”

Over 40 years ago the French Research Committee on Violence, Crime and Delinquency published a document that contained current analyses on the occurrence of social problems and their determinants, as well as guidelines to reduce risks and reduce the sense of threat and insecurity in modern society. The document became the basis for the reflection on public debate on violence in international communities and psychological practice against violence in both interpersonal and wider social relations. The combination of the individual and the social perspective gives a chance to criticise and rethink the guidelines suggested by the Committee from the point of view of such issues as community responsibility, individual rights and the current state in psychological and social care against violence. Special attention was paid to ten recommendations.

Regionaler Strukturwandel Und Alterssicherung - Die Bedeutung Der Gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung

The regional impact of old age pension systems was scarcely noticed. For example the German Statutory Pensions Insurance (GRV) was hitherto to the greatest extent discussed in context with the situation in West and East Germany. However, the benefits of old age pension systems can have economic effects on regional level. The article focuses on those aspects of the GRV: the economic relevance on the regional level is discussed, the quantitative importance is shown and against this background some consequences of the reduction of the benefit level are problematized. The descriptive analysis illustrates the economic relevance of benefits of the GRV for regions in Germany. It contributes to the regional purchasing power with manifold direct and indirect effects, which are different according to the regional characteristics. It is evident that the economy of regions with low GDP to a great extend depends on the benefits of the GRV. The benefits are also relevant for the financial situation of the communities because they are preventing the occurrence of social problems or reducing their effects. The reduction of the level of the benefits implies income losses for the private households, which affects the communities to a different extent.Overall, the benefits of the GRV are of high relevance for the adaptation or the increase of the differences of the regional living conditions e.g. between agglomeration and rural regions.

Two Dimensions of Self-Esteem: Reciprocal Effects of Positive Self-Worth and Self-Deprecation on Adolescent Problems

The presumed relationship between adolescent's self-esteem and the occurrence of social problems is a recurring theme in academic and public discourse. Evidence for this relationship is limited by an overreliance on global measures of self-esteem that combine positive and negative self-evaluations in a single measure. My study uses this prior research on the relationship of global measures of self-esteem to adolescent social problems as a comparative reference point for an analysis of the link between negative and positive self-worth and youth problems. Using nonrecursive linear structural equation models and data from the Youth in Transition study, I compare the reciprocal interrelations of self-deprecation (negative self-evaluations), positive self-worth (positive selfevaluations), and global self-esteem (which includes both positive and negative evaluations) on high school grades, depression, and delinquency. Ifind that when self-deprecation and positive self-worth measures are employed, nuances are revealed that were previously overlooked in studies relying exclusively on global self-esteem. For example, I find a powerful reciprocal causal relationship between self-deprecation and depression and an effect of self-deprecation and positive self-worth on grades in school. These findings encourage theoretical developments of a bidimensional construct to measure selfesteem that includes, in particular, self-deprecation.

An evolutionary analysis of psychological pain following rape. III: Effects of force and violence

Mental pain has been hypothesized to reflect psychological adaptation designed by selection to detect and cope with the occurrence of social problems that reduced individuals inclusive fitness in human evolutionary history. According to the hypothesis, mental pain is brought about by social tragedies in the lives of individuals and focuses an individual's attention on the events surrounding the pain, promoting correction of the pain-causing events and their avoidance in the future. The hypothesis applied to rape victims argues that in human evolutionary history raped females had increased fitness as a result of mental pain, because the pain forced them to focus their attention on the fitness-reducing circumstances surrounding rape, which are discussed. Some of the hypothesis' predictions about the psychological pain of rape victims are examined using a data set of 790 rape victims who were interviewed about their psychological traumatization within five days after the assault. Earlier analyses of these data have indicated that, as predicted, both a victim's age and marital status are proximate causes of the magnitude of psychological pain following rape: Reproductive-aged women appear to have been more severely traumatized by rape than older women or girls and married women more than unmarried women. The analyses herein indicate that, as predicted, reproductive-aged women are more likely to be victims of force and/or violence during rape than are older women or young girls. When force and/or violence was controlled, reproductive-aged women were still more psychologically traumatized by rape than were either older women or young girls. The results suggest that the psychology that regulates mental pain processes information about age and mateship status in the event of a woman's rape. The analyses reported here indicate that stranger rapes are more forceful and violent than either friend or family-member rapes.

Fatal Illness: A Survey of Social Service Needs

The hypothesis on which the study reported here was based is that when a person is afflicted with a chronic, fatal disease, the occurrence of social problems must be anticipated as a part of the natural history of the disease. To test this hypothesis, study was made of sixty fatally ill cancer patients in a private hospital. The incidence of financial, medical care, emotional, and other problems among these patients led the author to suggest that a new perspective must be taken in efforts to serve the fatally ill.