Occurrence Of Secondary Peaks Research Articles

Computational modelling of membrane gating in capsule translocation through microchannel with variable section

As an effective physical method, cell squeezing technology based on microfluidics plays an increasingly promising role in intracellular delivery. To deepen our understanding of microfluidic chip design and optimization, it is essential to explore the underlying physics required in the generation of the appropriate tension for gating capsule membrane. In this investigation, an immersed finite element method (IFEM) has been adopted to simulate the interaction between capsule and fluid fields in microchannel with variable section. Having obtained the numerical results, the gating region on the membrane can be determined by the non-uniform tension distribution based on the critical gating membrane tension during the capsule translocates the microchannel. In addition, the gating integral, which is defined to measure the degree of gating, shows that the setting of driven pressure might be crucial for the design and optimization of the system. The numerical results demonstrate that the occurrence of secondary peak in deformed energy after the capsule passes through the confined microchannel under certain flow condition might be ascribed to the elastic recovery of the membrane. To investigate the effects of initial orientations, the translocation of an ellipsoid capsule through the channel has also been simulated numerically, which indicates that both flow shear force and compressive force due to the constrained solid wall have significant effects on membrane gating. Therefore, to improve the gating efficiency of capsule membrane, it is necessary to optimize various factors to achieve the balance among the compressive force, shear force and the translocation time.

The rise and decline of serum S100B in traumatic brain injury in humans with focus on the temporal profile and correlation to outcome

Event Abstract Back to Event The rise and decline of serum S100B in traumatic brain injury in humans with focus on the temporal profile and correlation to outcome Eric Thelin1* 1 Karolinska Institutet, Clinical Neuroscience, Sweden Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the leading causes of mortality and disability among adults worldwide. There is a need for prognostic markers that can be used to predict outcome and to monitor the current care of neuro-critical care patients. The protein S100B exists mainly in the central nervous system and is by far the most studied biomarker in TBI. Still, there are areas concerning the temporal profile and increases of the serum concentration of the protein that requires clarification. We have performed a retrospective analysis of 265 patients admitted to the neuro-intensive care unit (NICU) at the Karolinska University Hospital was retrospectively analyzed with focus on serum levels of S100B in relation to time of trauma and release pattern. A different set of patients were also analyzed concerning the occurrence of secondary increases in the serum levels of S100B during their NICU stay to examine the dynamics and cause of these secondary serum increases. Two different release patterns were recognized with one group that had the highest serum concentration immediately following trauma (Decliners) and another group that had increasing serum levels during several days (Climbers). The Climbers did not present higher peak levels of S100B than the Decliners, but presented a significant worse outcome. Patients with secondary increases of S100B were also found to have secondary insults on radiological examinations in about 95% of the cases. Ischemic injuries were found to have the greatest impact on secondary increase of S100B. The temporal pattern and occurrence of secondary peaks in serum levels of S100B and the implication on outcome will be discussed. Keywords: biomarker, Intensive Care, Monitoring, Outcome, S100B, secondary insults, Traumatic Brain Injury Conference: Karolinska Institutet 200 years anniversary Symposium on Traumatic Injuries in the Nervous System, Stockholm, Sweden, 15 Sep - 16 Sep, 2010. Presentation Type: Presentation Topic: Traumatic Injuries in the Nervous System Citation: Thelin E (2010). The rise and decline of serum S100B in traumatic brain injury in humans with focus on the temporal profile and correlation to outcome. Front. Neurol. Conference Abstract: Karolinska Institutet 200 years anniversary Symposium on Traumatic Injuries in the Nervous System. doi: 10.3389/conf.fneur.2010.56.00003 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 07 Sep 2010; Published Online: 21 Sep 2010. * Correspondence: Dr. Eric Thelin, Karolinska Institutet, Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden, eric.thelin@ki.se Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Eric Thelin Google Eric Thelin Google Scholar Eric Thelin PubMed Eric Thelin Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Analysis of the velocity curve for height by the wavelet interpolation method in children classified by maturity rate.

The Wavelet Interpolation Method (WIM) developed by Meyer ([1992] Wavelets and Operators. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) has been proposed as an analytical method for the accurate description of longitudinal growth velocity in height and identification of the age at maximum peak velocity (MPV) in the curve. The distance curve in height was determined by interpolating the longitudinal records of 98 boys and 88 girls, 6-17 years old, with the WIM. The distance curve was then differentiated to obtain a velocity curve. Age at MPV estimated from the velocity curve was utilized as a criterion of maturity rate (timing), and five maturity groups (early, little early, average, little late and late) were defined in both sexes. Four type models were derived from the occurrence of secondary peaks (mid-growth spurt and after-growth spurt): type model A, appearance of a mid-growth spurt and MPV; type model B, appearance of an after-growth spurt and MPV; type model C, appearance of a mid-growth spurt, an after-growth spurt and MPV; and type model D, appearance of MPV only. The individual growth data of boys and girls classified by maturity rate were sorted into the four type models. The frequency of occurrence of the four type models in groups classified by maturity rate was then analyzed, and the characteristics of height growth velocity was examined in boys and girls. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 11:13-30, 1999. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Fentanyl and Sufentanil after Single High-Bolus Doses

Objective: To investigate and compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of sufentanil and fentanyl during a prolonged period after single bolus administration, and to detect and compare the occurrence of secondary peaks of opioid plasma concentration.

The effect of the passage of cold fronts on the vertical distribution of ozone at the CHMI observatory at Prague‐Libuš

AbstractThe response of the total ozone content to meteorological phenomena of a synoptic scale has been studied for many years and is relatively well known now. Much less is known about the response of the ozone profile to such meteorological phenomena. In this paper the response of the shape of the ozone profile to the passage of intense cold fronts and to strong advection from a significantly northern direction is investigated using the results of ozone soundings carried out by the observatory of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI) in Prague‐Libuš during the period January to April for the years 1981 to 1990. Some data from Uccle (Belgium) have also been used.The synoptic patterns studied here were those that were followed by the occurrence of secondary peaks in ozone profiles between the tropopause height (often significantly decreased during such events) and the usual height of the main ozone maximum. Such secondary peaks can be sometimes even larger than the usual ozone maximum. The observed changes in ozone profiles could be explained by the transport of air of polar origin having a greater ozone content in the lower stratosphere behind the upper‐level frontal zone.

Relationship between the observed and weakly-turbulent spectra of surface gravity waves

The theory for weakly-turbulent surface gravity waves normally identifies some auxiliary function (weakly-turbulent spectrum) with the actual (observed) wave spectrum. In this paper, a general formula for the relationship between weakly-turbulent spectra and observed spectra is derived, and a numerical calculation is provided to show the difference between them. In particular, violation of the exponential nature and angular distribution of weakly-turbulent spectra is noted, along with the occurrence of secondary peaks. Quantitatively, the weakly-turbulent spectra differ insignificantly from the observed spectra.