Occurrence Of Rape Research Articles

Male rape in Brazil: A descriptive analysis from 2010 to 2022

Male rape is a relatively under-discussed topic in scientific literature, despite its significant relevance and prevalence worldwide, including in Brazil. To inform public health and safety policies, this study aimed to analyze cases of male rape using data from SINAN, the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, a division of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, for the years 2010–2022. Our findings reveal a 469 % increase in male rape cases in the country over the study period, with a predominance of cases in the state of São Paulo. Also, a higher prevalence of cases was observed among individuals aged 5–9 years. Furthermore, we identified a correlation between the occurrence of rape and certain factors, including individuals with less than 4 years of formal education if they were over the age of 50, and those who had a history of being sexually abused between the ages of 5 and 14. Additionally, this study reinforces the prevalence of rape cases occurring within domestic environments and perpetrated by individuals closely related to the victims. This study contributes to filling the gap in research on male rape in Brazil, laying the foundation for the development of strategies to prevent and combat rape in the country.

Students’ Perception of Rape and Sexual Violence and Methods of Prevention in Tertiary Institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria

This study examined students’ perception of rape and sexual violence and methods of prevention in tertiary institutions in Lagos State. It was a cross-sectional study carried out among one thousand, two hundred and eleven (1,211) female undergraduates selected from two tertiary institutions in Lagos State. The sample size for the study was one hundred and twenty-one (121) representing 10% of the population. Inferential statistics was used for analysis. The results revealed that majority of the students are aware of the different types of rape but did not consider forced sexual intercourse between spouses as rape. The students have a good knowledge of rape and sexual violence. The students perceive that rape can have detrimental effects on the victims’ mental, physical and reproductive health. Avoiding late nights, dressing decently, increasing the presence of security officers at strategic places on campus and the likes were identified ways of preventing rape in tertiary institutions. Among the recommendations proffered are that students should review their dressing styles to conform to the morals of the society to prevent the occurrence of rape.

CHARACTERIZING THE PERSON DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY USING KRETSCHMER’S THEORY

The purpose of this study was to characterize a Person Deprived of Liberty (PDL) in determining crime causation using Kretschmer’s classification. These PDLs who committed crimes covering the study's findings may help practitioners identify potential offenders through profiling, and the period of 2015 to 2017, were confined in the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Region XI. The study's findings may help practitioners identify potential offenders through profiling come up with additional literature related to policing and share findings and recommendations to inform future researchers and clarify the policy implications of the association of Body Mass Index and delinquency. The study employed Quantitative Descriptive Research utilizing secondary data. Descriptive Research was a method to generate knowledge in describing the characteristics of offenders thru Body Mass Index about the occurrence of rape, murder, attempted murder, frustrated murder, and robbery. The findings of the study revealed that most of the crimes being studied were perpetrated by athletic type of persons for three consecutive years. It concludes that the state of muscularity may lead to masculinity which allows to dominate others and encourage to use violence and threat. Muscular or physical strength has concluded that an offender was more muscular or physically more robust than a non-offender.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0051/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

A qualitative exploration of the psychological needs of women survivors of rape in Iran

BackgroundRape is one of the principal forms of sexual violence leading to numerous psychological consequences for women. Providing effective psychological services to women survivors of rape requires identifying and considering their real needs. This study aimed to explore the psychological needs of women survivors of rape.MethodsIn this exploratory-descriptive qualitative study, the participants consisted of 19 women survivors of rape and 20 people with experience in providing services to survivors of rape, selected via purposive sampling method in Isfahan, Iran. In-depth individual semi-structured interviews and field notes were used to collect data, which were then analyzed using the conventional content analysis method.ResultsBased on the analysis of the interviews, the psychological needs of women survivors of rape were classified into three main categories: facing psychological problems, attention to emotional reactions, and the need to accept and adapt to reality.ConclusionsThe results revealed that women survivors of rape have different psychological needs. Thus, to meet these needs, supportive and psychological interventions can be considered at both individual and environmental levels. Also, eliminating gender stereotypes affecting the occurrence of rape in the dimensions of Iranian culture can lead to the liberation of the society from the culture of rape.

The Concept of Psychological Impact Compensation for Rape Victims

There is domestic violence, sexual violence, rape, is part of a crime against women. In fact, rape can be carried out and experienced by anyone. Rape is a one of violence that is not distinguish with gender, age, socio-economic status, place and time. It also does not matter what clothing or makeup is worn at the time, in sick or healthy condition. The suffer from rape victims has been experienced since the occurrence of rape. Suffering includes social burdens in society, fears of pregnancy and the onset of illness or infection, and others. As a result of rape causes physical and psychological damage to rape victims. Psychological losses can affect the daily life of rape victims as a psychological impact. Psychological effects on rape victims appear with symptoms that appropriate to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), including sadness, depressed mood, insomnia, loss of interest in usual activities, negative self-concept, self-blame, feeling useless and guilty, difficult to concentrate, often think about suicide or death. Compensation for rape victims needs to be obtained by considering the psychological condition. There has not yet been any compensation for the psychological impact on rape victims. About compensation has been regulated in Law No. 31/2014 Regarding Amendment to Law No. 13/2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims. the regulation does not include compensation for psychological effects. In this regard, it is necessary to address the urgency of regulating compensation for psychological effects on rape victims.

LEGAL STUDY OF VISUM ET REPERTUM IN THE STAGE OF THE INVESTIGATION IN DISCLOSING THE CRIME FOLLOW-UP

This study aims to determine and analyze the function of Visum Et Repertum in investigations in revealing rape crime. This type of research is a type of normative juridical research, then the approach in this research is the statutory approach (statute approach), case approach (case approach. As a normative juridical study, this research uses legal materials, consisting of primary legal material, secondary legal material, and tertiary legal material The technique of gathering legal materials used by the study of documents and literature studies The results of the study show (1) the role of the Visum Et Repertum in the examination of a rape crime in addition to assisting investigators in uncovering criminal acts but also plays an important role in the hearing at the hearing, then the effort of the investigator requesting the making of a visum et repertum from the initial stage of the examination of the case is important and must be done. two tools, ma'am The quality required for a judge in deciding a case as this is determined in Article 6 paragraph (2) of Law No. 14 of 1970 concerning the Principal Provisions of Judicial Power, and (2 In Criminal Cases, Visum Et Repertum is located as a valid evidence in Article 184 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code. So in this case, investigators should include evidence such as Visum Et Repertum as evidence to strengthen and discover the truth of the occurrence of rape.

Chronic Diseases, Health Conditions, and Other Impacts Associated With Rape Victimization of U.S. Women.

Sexual violence (SV) is an urgent public health issue that is common and has lifelong effects on health. Previous scholarship has documented the association of SV victimization with numerous health conditions and impacts, but much of this past work has focused on negative health outcomes associated with child sexual abuse using non-nationally representative samples. This article used a nationally representative female sample to examine health conditions associated with any lifetime experience of rape. We also examined injury and health outcomes (e.g., fear, injury) resulting from any violence by a perpetrator of rape. About two in five rape victims (39.1%) reported injury (e.g., bruises, vaginal tears), and 12.3% reported a sexually transmitted disease as a result of the rape victimization. Approximately 71.3% of rape victims (an estimated 16.4 million women) experienced some form of impact as a result of violence by a rape perpetrator. Among U.S. women, the adjusted odds of experiencing asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, frequent headaches, chronic pain, difficulty sleeping, activity limitations, poor physical or mental health, and use of special equipment (e.g., wheelchair) were significantly higher for lifetime rape victims compared with non-victims. This article fills gaps in our understanding of health impacts associated with rape of women and is the only nationally representative source of this information to our knowledge. Primary prevention efforts in youth that seek to prevent the first occurrence of rape and other forms of SV may be most effective for reducing the long-term health effects of this violence.

Cyber sex menurut perspektif hukum islam dan undang-undang no. 44 tahun 2008 tentang pornografi

Pornography is an old problem that cannot be addressed by the provisions contained in the Criminal Code (Wetbook van Starvrecht Nederlandsch-Indie). The negative impact of pornography is increasingly worrisome, including: the occurrence of rape, adultery and abortion. Then the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) issued a fatwa Number 287 of 2001 concerning the prohibition against pornography and porno-action, because it was guided by the law on the many disadvantages of the benefits arising from pornography and porno-action and the prohibition against acts of approaching adultery. Because pornography and porno-action can be closer to adultery. In Islam also recognizes freedom of expression and opinion, does not mean freedom is used for negative purposes such as pornography and porno-action. But freedom of expression and opinion must be accountable not only to humans but also to Allah SWT. Islam teaches that the main purpose of life and human life is to get the pleasure of Allah alone. And accountable for all his actions while living in the world, including treating and utilizing his body as a mandate of Allah SWT.

Aborsi dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia dan Hukum Islam (Analisis terhadap Peraturan Pemerintah No. 61 tahun 2014 tentang Kesehatan Reproduksi)

This article examines the Government Regulation PP No. 61 of 2014 regulating mechanism and procedures of abortion in the case of rape victims from the perspectives of Human Rights and Islamic Law. The regulation, which is the implementation of Article 75 paragraph (1) of the Health Act, states that abortion is prohibited unless there is an indication of medical emergency and pregnancy due to rape. According to the rules, the implementation of abortion must fulfill some procedures such as:pregnancy verification, doctor’s certificate, investigator’s statement, and psychologist’s information about the occurrence of rape. In 39/1999 ofHuman Rights Act, unless it is aimed atprotecting the mother and child’s life, abortionis considered as violating human rights. In Islamic law, the regulation of abortion for rape victims varies widely, depending on circumstances.

The ecology of outdoor rape: The case of Stockholm, Sweden

The objective of this article is to report the results of an ecological study into the geography of rape in Stockholm, Sweden, using small area data. In order to test the importance of factors indicating opportunity, accessibility and anonymity to the understanding of the geography of rape, a two-stage modelling approach is implemented. First, the overall risk factors associated with the occurrence of rape are identified using a standard Poisson regression, then a local analysis using profile regression is performed. Findings from the whole-map analysis show that accessibility, opportunity and anonymity are all, to different degrees, important in explaining the overall geography of rape - examples of these risk factors are the presence of subway stations or whether a basområde is close to the city centre. The local analysis reveals two groupings of high risk of rape areas associated with a variety of risk factors: city centre areas with a concentration of alcohol outlets, high residential population turnover and high counts of robbery; and poor suburban areas with schools and large female residential populations where subway stations are located and where people express a high fear of crime. The article concludes by reflecting upon the importance of these results for future research as well as indicating the implications of these results for policy.

Rape in Bangladesh: A Heinous Crime Tough to Prove

Science has changed all the ways of life at most. But in some aspects, we still have the same antique view. Rape is one of aspects where we have hardly changed. Modernity is in awkward situation. Rape is increasing with the pace of its beastly aptitude. We are merely curious as to how an incident of rape can be proven in a court of law. After a little research, We have learnt that background check, history, medical investigations and psychological evaluations are some of the methods used to prove/disprove the claim of rape. But unfortunately, the existing laws have failed to give actual justice to the rape victims in most cases. The procedures of proving an occurrence of rape is against the victims. It is high time we tried to have some practical solution to this curse. So, here we have tried to show the existing rape laws with their flaws and some of the recommendations by which a rape victim can get the justice without further hurdles.

Efficacy of a Sexual Assault Resistance Program for University Women

BackgroundYoung women attending university are at substantial risk for being sexually assaulted, primarily by male acquaintances, but effective strategies to reduce this risk remain elusive.MethodsWe randomly assigned first-year female students at three universities in Canada to the Enhanced Assess, Acknowledge, Act Sexual Assault Resistance program (resistance group) or to a session providing access to brochures on sexual assault, as was common university practice (control group). The resistance program consists of four 3-hour units in which information is provided and skills are taught and practiced, with the goal of being able to assess risk from acquaintances, overcome emotional barriers in acknowledging danger, and engage in effective verbal and physical self-defense. The primary outcome was completed rape, as measured by the Sexual Experiences Survey–Short Form Victimization, during 1 year of follow-up.ResultsA total of 451 women were assigned to the resistance group and 442 women to the control group. Of the women assigned to the resistance group, 91% attended at least three of the four units. The 1-year risk of completed rape was significantly lower in the resistance group than in the control group (5.2% vs. 9.8%; relative risk reduction, 46.3% [95% confidence interval, 6.8 to 69.1]; P=0.02). The 1-year risk of attempted rape was also significantly lower in the resistance group (3.4% vs. 9.3%, P<0.001).ConclusionsA rigorously designed and executed sexual assault resistance program was successful in decreasing the occurrence of rape, attempted rape, and other forms of victimization among first-year university women. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the University of Windsor; SARE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01338428.)

The nature of rape places

The objective of this article is to characterise the distribution and the urban landscape in which outdoor rapes happen in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) underlie the methodology of this research that combines crime police records, police protocols and information from fieldwork of a sample of rape places. Rapes are concentrated in the inner city areas but follow a patchy pattern in some parts of the periphery. Rapes happen in places with poor visibility but that offer an easy escape for the offender. A large share of them happen in the weekends, holidays and hot months of the year, which can be associated with unstructured leisure routine activities of individuals. Results show that the role of environment on the occurrence of rape varies over time and space – a fact with important implications for research and safety interventions.

The Effect of Conjugal Visitation on Sexual Violence in Prison

Using yearly state-level data drawn from a variety of different sources and a pooled cross-sectional time-series research design, we examine whether conjugal visitation attenuates sexual violence in prison. The determination of whether sexual violence in prison is less apt to transpire in states that allow conjugal visitation is theoretically relevant. Feminist theory argues that conjugal visitation has little if any influence on the occurrence of rape and other sexual offenses in prison, notwith- standing the gender of the offender and victim, because such offenses are crimes of power that are employed by the offender as an instrument to dominate and humiliate the victim. On the other hand, sexual gratification theory postulates that conjugal visitation provides inmates with a means of sexual release. Therefore, conjugal visitation should reduce sexual offending in prison. Results support sexual gratifica- tion theory by showing that states permitting conjugal visitation have significantly fewer instances of reported rape and other sexual offenses in their prisons. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.

Sexual assault prevention programs for college-aged men: A critical evaluation

An unacceptably large percent of women experience sexual assault during their collegiate years and efforts to eliminate sexual assault exist in various forms at numerous universities. The only way to effectively decrease the occurrence of rape on college campuses is to stop the perpetrators. This review examined established sexual assault prevention programs designed for college men to determine if an ideal educational program exists, or if one can be established, to effectively change male attitudes and behaviors about sexual assault. A library search of scientific databases yielded seven studies, published from 2000 to 2007, that met inclusion criteria. Through a variety of interventions, a measurable number of formerly held attitudes about rape myth and the role of the bystanders in an assaultive situation were effectively changed immediately postintervention in several studies. In addition, one study demonstrated sustained behavioral change. These results can effectively be used to provide education for forensic and school-based nurses to guide practice for development of educational programs to successfully change harmful attitudes and beliefs that contribute to rape.

HIV and incarceration: prisons and detention.

The high prevalence of HIV infection among prisoners and pre-trial detainees, combined with overcrowding and sub-standard living conditions sometimes amounting to inhuman or degrading treatment in violation of international law, make prisons and other detention centres a high risk environment for the transmission of HIV. Ultimately, this contributes to HIV epidemics in the communities to which prisoners return upon their release. We reviewed the evidence regarding HIV prevalence, risk behaviours and transmission in prisons. We also reviewed evidence of the effectiveness of interventions and approaches to reduce the risk behaviours and, consequently, HIV transmission in prisons.A large number of studies report high levels of risk behaviour in prisons, and HIV transmission has been documented. There is a large body of evidence from countries around the world of what prison systems can do to prevent HIV transmission. In particular, condom distribution programmes, accompanied by measures to prevent the occurrence of rape and other forms of non-consensual sex, needle and syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapies, have proven effective at reducing HIV risk behaviours in a wide range of prison environments without resulting in negative consequences for the health of prison staff or prisoners.The introduction of these programmes in prisons is therefore warranted as part of comprehensive programmes to address HIV in prisons, including HIV education, voluntary HIV testing and counselling, and provision of antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive prisoners. In addition, however, action to reduce overcrowding and improve conditions in detention is urgently needed.

Rape of the Congo: Understanding sexual violence in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Though the occurrence of rape in the conduct of war is by no means historically new, research into its causes and functions has only really begun in the past couple of decades. War rape is a difficult phenomenon about which to generalise, considering the variances in context and actors involved. This article, however, attempts to synthesise existing literature through the analysis of a case study that can enhance our understanding of rape as a weapon of war and the contextual conditions that facilitate its use. Applying this theoretical framework to the extreme war rape occurring in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), this article offers insight into understanding the function of sexual violence in the ongoing conflict in the DRC. In particular, this article argues that the use of rape as a weapon in the Congo's bloody war must be understood in relation to both social constructs of masculinity and the politics of exploitation that have shaped much of the country's history.

Juvenile and adult problems in 20 forensic psychiatric rapists in Sweden

The purpose of this study was to assess the pattern of background variables of 20 convicted rapists. The sample comprised two distinct forensic psychiatric subgroups undergoing different treatments. Data were extracted from forensic psychiatric files. The study variables were juvenile and adult problems of the offenders, related by previous research to the occurrence of rape. Records of juvenile problems and juvenile psychological disturbances tended to co-occur with adult problems of aggressiveness, alcoholism and extensive criminality. The correlation analysis further supports the notion that psychosocial disturbances have a persistent character: in our sample, different problems in young age are linked to each other as well as to adulthood problems. The results are discussed in the light of empirical research and the need for early and proper individual treatment programmes.

Effects of a Human Sexuality Course on Attitudes Toward Rape and Violence

Researchers have indicated that false beliefs about rape, known as rape myths, are widely accepted and provide cultural support for the occurrence of rape. We examined changes in college students' acceptance of rape myths and attitudes concerning interpersonal violence resulting from exposure to a course in human sexuality. Subjects were 97 college students enrolled in a human sexuality course and 48 college students who served in a control condition. All subjects completed the Rape Myth Acceptance Scale and the Interpersonal Violence Scale at the beginning and end of the course. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed a significant posttest difference between groups in the acceptance of rape myths. Students exposed to the human sexuality course were significantly less accepting of rape myths. No difference between groups emerged on the Interpersonal Violence Scale and no gender differences were found. Results are discussed with respect to statistical versus practical significance, and implications f...

Adult Sexual Assault: Overview of Research

Models of sexual assault and rape have progressed from psychopathology models of perpetration and victimization to current sociocultural views. Sociocultural models focus on the factors that influence the likelihood that the label of rape will be applied and the behavior dealt with accordingly. The papers in this journal issue call for explicit attention to the historical, political, and sociocultural factors associated with the likelihood of coercive sexual incidents (including characteristics of the assailant and the victim). In addition to placing the occurrence of rape in an historical and sociocultural framework, the authors present research findings and theoretical formulations to further the understanding of rape.