Occurrence Of Ovarian Cysts Research Articles

Exploring the role of autoantibodies in Iraqi females with polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinopathy that affects 5-10% of women during their reproductive years. Clinicians characterize it by the occurrence of ovarian cysts, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, and either clinical or biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism. Recent research suggests a potential link between autoantibodies and PCOS development. Aim of study: This study investigated the relationship between autoantibodies and Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and methods: The study involved a total of 150 female participants diagnosed with PCOS, aged between 20 to 35, and a control group of 150 individuals. We utilized chemiluminescent immunoassays to measure Anti-thyroid antibodies thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO). We conducted IgM and IgG for anti-cardiolipin (ACL) and β-2 glycoprotein I (B2GPI) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To measure lupus (La), we employed coagulation time. To assess the serum levels of total antibodies Ig (M, G, A), Serum amyloid A (SAA), High-Sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and Procalcitonin (PCT), we used nephelometry methods. Results: In our findings, patients showed a significantly higher level of TPO autoantibodies (91.9±14.7) compared to the control group (12.4±5.1). This difference was highly significant (<0.001). Similarly, we observed high levels of anti-TG antibodies in patients (50.4±10.3) compared to the control group (30.6±7.2). This points out the important role of both TPO and TG antibodies in this context. Moreover, the level of IgM for ACL was significantly higher in patients (19.2±4.2 AU/dl) than in controls (3.3±1.0 AU/dl). The level of IgG for ACL was also higher in patients (22.5±2.3 AU/dl) compared to controls (3.3±1.0 AU/dl). These increases in ACL antibodies in patients suggested a risk factor for the disease. Additionally, Serum amyloid A (SAA) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were significantly higher in patients, with measurements of 66±10.4 (AU/ml) and 55±12.5 (AU/ml) respectively, compared to controls who had measurements of 3.6±1.9 (AU/ml) and 2.3±0.98 (AU/ml) respectively, which was highly significant (<0.001). Procalcitonin (PCT) was also highly significant in patients (40±6.3 AU/ml) compared to the control group (6.4±2.6 AU/ml). Lastly, the concentration of total IgG antibodies was significantly higher in patients (25.3±2.6 AU/dl) than in controls (4.3±1.0 AU/dl), with a significant difference (P=0.006). Conclusion: High concentrations of autoantibodies in patients suggest a risk factor and positive associations with the disease.

Sonographic changes in ovary after use of tamoxifen in breast cancer.

Objective: To assess the sonographic changes in ovary after tamoxifen use in BC patients presenting at tertiary care hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: Quasi-experimental Investigation. Setting: Department of Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center’s. Period: June 2022 to April 2023. Material & Methods: The study targeted all female subjects aged between 25 to 65 years who were identified with hormone receptor-positive BC and had undergone TMF management at a dose of 20 mg/day. Preceding to the instigation of the treatment, the subjects underwent sonographic examination of the ovaries, and the changes were evaluated after 6 months. The presence of sonolucencies exceeding the diameter of 30mm, was regarded as ovarian cysts. SPSS version 23 was used for the statistical analysis of the obtained data. Results: This study’s findings imply that the population under investigation had a mean age of 37.94 years (±7.56), while 25.59 kg/m2 (±5.82) was the mean body mass index (BMI). In terms of the duration of use of TMF, it was reported that 47.7% of participants used it for one year or less, whereas 52.3% used it for more than one year. Among the 107 patients with breast cancer (BC), 11.2% developed ovarian cysts following the use of TMF, while 88.8% did not show any evidence of ovarian cysts on sonography. Furthermore, the grade of breast cancer showed a strong association with the occurrence of ovarian cysts, as evidenced by the p-value of 0.035. Conclusion: The consumption of TMF by patients with breast cancer may lead to the growth of ovarian cysts. The grade of breast cancer was found to be significantly linked with the incidence of ovarian cysts, suggesting that higher-grade tumors may have a greater impact on the ovaries.

Biomedical Importance of Diet in Ovarian Cysts Occurrence in North-Western Iran

The aim of this study was to determine the role played by diet in ovarian cysts development among women living in the different parts of Hamedan - northwestern Iran. Participants included 384 females with ovarian cysts were admitted to hospitals or medical centers during 2001-2006. Study participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to elicit a lifetime history of a variety of demographic, medical, and lifestyle factors. Standard diet questionnaire was also used to evaluate the usual diet in cases during 5 years before ovarian cyst diagnosis. Data were analyzed using Chi- Square or T-test. Our findings showed that majority of patients were at age between 22 and 36 (63.4%) and mean ages were 31.94, 31.34 and 32.5 years old for follicular, corpus luteum and dermoidal cysts, respectively. There was significantly lower consumption of meat and cereal food groups in patients than standard recommended orders (P<0.05). Our findings indicate that occurrence of ovarian cysts was prominent in reproductive age range, and lower consumption of meat and cereal food groups had considerable role in ovarian cysts development in north-western Iran.

Bilateral ovarian cysts in a neonate with salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is by far the most common cause of ambiguous genitalia. The occurrence of ovarian cysts has not been previously described in the classical salt-wasting form of 21-hydroxylase–deficient congenital adrenal hyperplasia. We report a very rare case of bilateral ovarian cysts in one such neonate.

Selenium and vitamin E: Reproductive disorders in dairy cows

Selenium and vitamin E deficiency leads to reproductive disorders in dairy cows: placental retention, ovarian cysts, metritis, reduced percentage of conception, abortions, birthing of poorly vital calves. Placental retention is a post partal disorder of multifactorial etiology which has harmful effects on reproduction and the feasibility of milk production. The administration of selenium and vitamin E reduces the incidence of placental retention, which suggests that oxidative stress is responsible for the occurrence of this disorder. The occurrence of ovarian cysts has as its consequence a disorder in the oestral cycle. Vitamin E prevents oxidative damage of lipid membranes by preventing the forming of destructive hydroperoxides, acting in synergy with selenium. These nutrients protect cell membranes and lipid organelles, inhibit and destroy endogenous peroxides, and in that way protect the integrity of the membranes and reduce oxidative stress.

Risk Factors and the Economic Impact of Ovarian Cysts on Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows in Korea

The objectives of this study were to determine the risk factors for development of postpartum ovarian cysts by evaluating several reproductive factors in individual cows, and to determine the economic impact of ovarian cysts on subsequent reproductive performance in dairy herds in Korea. The data, including cow parity, abnormal puerperium, endometritis, body condition score (BCS), and breeding status were collected from 634 cows in 9 dairy herds. We used logistic regression to evaluate the effects of these factors on ovarian cysts. A stepwise procedure, used to obtain the appropriate model with alpha=0.05, revealed that cow parity was the most important risk factor for ovarian cyst development within 8 weeks postpartum, while development of endometritis and BCS loss>or=1 from the dry period to 8 weeks postpartum were the most important risk factors for ovarian cyst development beyond 8 weeks postpartum. The occurrence of ovarian cysts beyond 8 weeks postpartum prolonged (P<0.01) the mean intervals from calving to first service (27 days) and conception (77 days), and increased (P<0.05) the culling rate (7.8%), while ovarian cyst development within 8 weeks postpartum did not affect (P>0.05) the mean intervals from calving to first service and conception or the culling rate. The economic loss resulting from the occurrence of ovarian cysts was estimated at approximately 823,996 won ($687) due to effects on the cost of nutrition, average growth of calves, labor and medical costs, and culling. These results suggest that cow parity is correlated with the development of ovarian cysts within 8 weeks postpartum, and endometritis and BCS loss>or=1 from the dry period to 8 weeks postpartum are correlated with the development of ovarian cysts after 8 weeks postpartum, which decreases reproductive performance and results in economic loss in dairy herds in Korea.

Age-related uterine and ovarian hypertrophy in FSH receptor knockout and FSHbeta subunit knockout mice.

Female mice in which the gene encoding the follicle-stimulating hormone FSH receptor (FSHR) knockout (KO) or its ligand (FSHbetaKO) have been disrupted were infertile. Ovaries of these mice were significantly smaller than those of heterozygous littermates but significantly larger than those of hypogonadal mice of the same age. Uterine masses in all three mutants were <6 mg, significantly reduced compared with heterozygous mice. At 1 year of age uterine mass had increased to >12 mg in 63% of FSHRKO females and 88% of FSHbetaKO females. Despite the increase in uterine size there was no evidence of contractility: uteri were flaccid and unresponsive to electrical or pharmacological stimulation. In most females in which uterine growth had occurred there was evidence of ovarian growth with hypertrophy of the interstitial tissue, occurrence of ovarian cysts and epithelial and tubular inclusions. There was no evidence of uterine or ovarian hypertrophy in hypogonadal (hpg) mice at any age or in 1 year old females in which the FSH mutations were bred onto the hpg background. There was an inverse correlation of plasma LH concentrations and uterine mass in 1 year old mutant females with uterine hypertrophy. Ovariectomy of both FSHRKO and FSHbetaKO females with large uteri resulted in decreased uterine mass and increased plasma concentration of LH. The number of mice with ovarian pathology, reminiscent of the serous ovarian adenocarcinomas found in humans, was significantly greater in the FSHbetaKO mice, indicating that the presence of an intact FSH receptor on ovarian cells of FSHbetaKO females may allow constitutive basal stimulation of the ovary, which is absent in mice lacking FSH receptors.

Health disorders and their association with production and functional traits in Holstein Friesian cows

Logistic regression models were used for studying the relationships between milk yield, body condition score (BCS), somatic cell score and some disorders of periparturient cows (mammary edema and retained placenta) with the occurrence of ovarian cysts, clinical mastitis and lameness. Data from milk recording (milk yield and somatic cell content) collected at nearly monthly intervals (time period: 35 ± 3 d) were merged with BCS recorded on the same dates of milk recording on periparturient heifers, lactating and dry cows, and with health disorders data (retained placenta, severe mammary edema, ovarian cysts and clinical mastitis and lameness) collected during regular herd activities over nearly 3.5 years. Data were from one commercial herd consisting of over 200 lactating dairy cows and exhibiting an average 305-d milk yield of nearly 10,000 kg. A total of 5,315 records from 728 lactations and 429 cows were used in the analyses. The time period incidence rate was 11.9%, 6.6% and 4.6% for ovarian cysts, lameness and mastitis, respectively, and the lactational incidence rate was 44.1%, 33.4% and 28.1% for ovarian cysts, lameness and mastitis, respectively. Occurrence of both ovarian cysts and mastitis was more common in the early lactation than afterwards, whereas lameness tended to occurr erratically during lactation. The risk of occurrence of mastitis and lameness was lower in primiparous when compared to multiparous cows. The increase of milk yield increased the risk of occurrence of ovarian cysts (odds ratio: 1.32, P < 0.01) and of mastitis (odds ratio: 1.12, P < 0.10), whereas no significant relationship was found between milk yield and lameness. An increase of somatic cell score was found to be a risk factor for mastitis (odds ratio: 1.36, P<0.01) and for the occurrence of lameness (odds ratio: 1.06, P<0.05). The occurrence of relative risk of disorders was not related to BCS at calving, and monthly variation of BCS was related to the onset of mastitis only. Retained placenta did not appear to present a risk factor for the occurrence of diseases of concern, whereas the presence of severe mammary edema at calving increased the risk of mastitis occurrence by nearly 50%. Regular recording of herd health data seems advisable for a better understanding of the relationships between production and functional traits and the occurrence of health disorders.

Frequency of ovarian cysts in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Extrarenal cysts occur in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) most frequently in the liver. Ovarian cysts have been reported in women with ADPKD, but their frequency has not been determined. Therefore, we analyzed the historical data in our database of 337 women with ADPKD and 199 of their unaffected female family members (NADPKD). In addition, we prospectively studied 25 nonpregnant, premenopausal women with ADPKD and 25 nonpregnant, premenopausal, age-matched control women recruited from the general population to assess the occurrence of ovarian cysts. No women in either the control or ADPKD groups were receiving exogenous estrogen or progesterone. All women underwent sonographic examination using a 5- or 7.5-MHz vaginal probe. A normal ovarian follicle was defined as a fluid-filled structure less than 2 cm in average diameter, and an ovarian cyst as one of 2 cm or greater. From the historical data, 28% of the women with ADPKD gave a history of ovarian cysts compared with 18% of the NADPKD women (P < 0.05). In the prospective study, the mean age of the women with ADPKD was not different from that of the control women (40.9 +/- 1.2 v 39.3 +/- 1.2 years; P = not significant [NS]). There was no difference in frequency of normal follicles found in women with ADPKD or controls (80% v 96%; P = NS), nor was there a difference in the frequency of ovarian cysts found in women with ADPKD or controls (12% v 12%; P = NS). There was no difference in the calculated ovarian volumes between the women with ADPKD and controls (9.9 +/- 2. 5 v 7.2 +/- 1.2 cm3). Among the women with ADPKD, there was no correlation between mean ovarian volume and mean renal volume, nor was there a significant relationship between the occurrence of hepatic cystic disease and ovarian cysts. Therefore, a prospective imaging study suggests that ovarian cysts have no increased frequency in women with ADPKD compared with women in the general population.

Relationship of timing of agonist administration in the cycle phase to the ovarian response to gonadotropins in the long down-regulation protocols for assisted reproductive technologies

To assess whether the ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropins and cycle performance is affected by different timing of an agonist administration in long down-regulation protocols. An agonist was administered irrespective of cycle phase, with exogenous gonadotropin beginning 15 days later. Five hundred fifty-seven normovulatory infertile patients, aged < or = 38 years, were classified into seven study groups, depending on the phase of the cycle in which agonist was started. Endocrine profile, amount of exogenous stimulation, occurrence of ovarian cysts, mean number of oocytes recovered and embryos transferred, pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and live-birth rate of the seven groups. The ovarian response of the groups did not show any statistically significant differences in relation to the initiation of the agonist. The only effect was a different incidence of ovarian cyst formation, but this phenomenon did not affect cycle performance. The pregnancy, implantation, and live-birth rates showed differences that did not reach statistical significance. Agonists initiation can be programmed in advance irrespective of the phase of the cycle. This approach can be of help for the logistics of assisted reproduction programs.

Bioaccumulative potential and toxicity of endosulfan insecticide to non-target animals

1. Endosulfan insecticide is a polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects; it is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish and can cause massive mortalities. In fish, it causes marked changes in Na and K concentrations, decrease in blood Ca 2+ and Mg levels and inhibits Na, K and Mg-dependent ATPase (in brain). 2. Bioaccumulation of endosulfan is reported for marine animals; however, freshwater animals (e.g. crayfish) accumulate it to some extent, but they lose the compound rapidly during depuration. Endosulfan is generally less toxic to aquatic invertebrates than fish. However, it causes decreases in adenylate energy charge, oxygen consumption, hemolymph amino acids, succinate dehydrogenase, heart-beat (mussel) and altered osmoregulation. 3. Generally, mammals are less susceptible to endosulfan's toxicity than aquatic animals. The majority of studies conducted on laboratory mammals can be summarized, (a) Neurotoxicity: male rats are more sensitive than females to endosulfan, which decreases brain and plasma acetyleholinesterase activity. Endosulfan I (a metabolite) causes a significant change in norepinephrine, 5-HT and GABA. (b) Renal toxicity: inhibition of MFOs activity was noticed in rats; other effects included changes in proximal convoluted tubules and necrosis of the tubular epithelium, (c) Hepatotoxicity: chemically-induced aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydrolase were found in rat liver, and reduction in the glycogen level occurred, (d) Hematologic toxicity: endosulfan exposure resulted in a significant decrease in the erythrocyte glutathione reductase, hemoglobin amount, RBC number and mean corpuscular volume. 4. Respiratory toxicity: involved dyspnea, acute emphysema, cyanosis and hemorrhages in the interalveolar partitions of rat's lungs. 5. Biochemical: in rats, endosulfan caused increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, blood glucose level, phospholipid contents of the microsomal and surfactant system, and profoundly induced the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and cytosolic glutathione S-transferases. It also decreased significantly Na +, K + and Mg 2+ ATPases, plasma calcium level and alkaline phosphatase in the intestinal epithelium. 6. Immunologic toxicity: rat serum antibody titer to tetanus toxin, IgG, IgM and gammaglobulins were significantly reduced. 7. Reproductive toxicity: degenerative changes in the seminiferous epithelium, induction of the rate-limiting enzyme in testosterone production (3β-hydroxysteroid transferase and 17β-hydroxysteroid transferase), histological changes in reproductive organs, testicular atrophy and the occurrence of ovarian cysts were noticed in rat. Reduction in the weight of secondary sex organ was also observed. 8. Developmental, teratogenic and genotoxicity: this insecticide caused a significant increase in the fetal résorption of rats. Skeletal abnormalities included underweight fetuses, small 4th and 5th unossified sternabrae. No fetotoxic or teratogenic activity was found in rabbits; however, in chickens, egg-hatchability and sterility occurred due to antimitotic activity. Endosulfan caused significant chromosomal aberrations in mouse and hamster bone-marrow cells and damage to spermatozoa cells. In Drosophila, sex-linked recessive lethals were noticed. In mice, dominant lethal mutations occurred; increase in abnormal sperm and decrease in count occurred. 9. Carcinogenic toxicity: not reported to be carcinogenic in B6C3F mice or humans by any route of exposure. 10. Toxicity to humans: endosulfan exposure has exhibited epileptic effects, hyperactivity, irritability, tremors, convulsions and paralysis in humans. A suicidal attempt by a 20-year old male who ingested 30% endosulfan caused hypoxia, followed by recurrent aspiration pneumonia, episodes of tachycardiogenic shock which was preceded by tachycardia and hypertension.

The Therapy of Ovarian Cysts in Cattle and the Changes in Blood Count During its Course

KudIac E., K. Turecek, J. Vesely, and M. A. Siddiqui: The, Therapy of Ovarian Cysts in Cattle and the Changes in Blood Count during its Course. Acta vet. Bmo, 62, 1993: 79-88. Synthetic hypothalamic preparations of GnRH, produced locally, were administered in the cows of Czech Red and White breed and its crosses with Black and White' cattle. There was no difference in the results after the use of DIRIGESTRAN inj. Spofa (5 ml and 10 mI, i. e. 200 pg and 400 pg of gonadorelin, respectively)and SUPERGESTRAN inj. Spofa (4 mI, i. e. 100 pg of the analogue with prolonged and stronger biological activity). results were significantly worse with the use' of lower dose of SUPERGESTRAN inj. Spofa (2 mI, i. e. 50 (.tg). Altogether 23.9% (26.9%) a smaller number of cows were treated successfully (P factors (heritability hi = 0.30 to 0.35). Consequently, no bulls whose dams suffered repeatedly from cysts were approved for the use in artificial insemination. However, it can be, concluded lifter twenty years of using this rule ,that the occurrence of ovarian cysts under our conditions has. not decreased and remains at approximately the same level. Nevertheless, it is still Iiecessary to> include fertility in the selection criteria. High yielding dairy cows with very good fertility para-meters should be preferred (V (111991). , Many publications on the evaluation of the efficiency of the therapy by various drugs and by' -various therapeutic methods mentioned also the changes in genital organs and behaviour during • -the treatment. Recently, the study of the hormonal levels before, during and after the treatment was described by several authors (Bostedt et al. 1979; KudlBl! 1988; Grunert 1991). _reliable information on the relationship between the syndrome of ovarian cysts and the blood -count before and after the treatment was, however, still missing. economical aspects of the -treatment, concerning the optimum dosage and repeated administrations, are also very important. 'The present study deals with the above-mentioned two viewpoints of the problem. Materials and Methods first part of the presented work deals with the effect of the therapeutical methods using 'synthetic GnRH, namely the locally produced commercial preparations DIRIGESTRAN inj. Spofa (control group), and SUPERGESTRAN inj. Spofa in the doses of 2 mI, and 4 mI im., crespectively, altogether in 244 cows. DIRIGESTRAN inj. Spofa contains synthetic hypothalamic hormone gonadorelin (LHRH, -4Ollgin 1 mI). We have demonstrated previously (Kudlal! etal. 1983; KudlBl! and Pichova 1990) -that after its administration a release of LH appears. A substantial increase of LH concentrations in blood can be detected by 30 minutes and lasts for 120 to 240 minutes. SUPERGESTRAN inj. Spofa contains 25 pg of GnRH analogue in 1 mI. Compared to the -previous preparation, the compound has a different structure of the synthetic decapeptide. Con• sequently, the biological effect was approximately two times stronger and was prolonged to the minimum of 240 minutes. Both preparations were administered im. to the cows of the Czech :Red and White breed and its crosses with Black and White and Holstein-Friesian breeds. .oage of the cows was 3 to 7 years (first to fifth lactation). cows had clinically detected syndrome -of ovarian cysts, found 60 to 90 days (exceptionally also by 120 days) after parturition. cows were housed at the farms in the region of South Moravia, under comparable conditioqs of nutrition, housing, and husbandry. Their average yearly milk production was 4,000 to 5,000 kg. Altogeother 50 cows were treated with DIRIGESTRAN.inj. Spofa, and 194 cows with SUPERGESTRAN inj. Spofa (totally 244 animals). therapeutical effect was evaluated after 10 to 14 days by :8 complete gynaecological examination. fertility of the treated cows was evalUated according -to the regular reproductive parameters (pregnancy rate after 1st insemination and all insemina-tions, insemination index, and the time period from the beginning of the treatment to the suc·cessful insemination). results were evaluated statistically by PeaI:son's Xl test. second part of the presented work consists of the study of the red and white blood cell Table 1 The efficiency of the therapy of ovarian cyste In cows with hypothalamic GnRH (DIRIGESTRAN and SUPERGESTRAN Spofa)

Le Tamoxifene Dans Le Cancer Du Sein: Le Point De Vue Du Gynecologue

It is well established that Tamoxifen is an excellent adjuvant therapy in cases of breast cancer, with very few side effects. After menopause this drug can act as a weak estrogen at the level of the genital tract and cases of endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinomas have been reported. During premenopausal years its action depends on the mode of administration:continue or cyclical, during proliferative or luteal phase. The occurrence of ovarian cysts seems more frequent than in a control group. It should thus be advised to consider Tamoxifen as a good antioestrogen at the level of the breast but as an active hormonal substance at the gynaecological level, and to offer the patient the adequate follow-up which seems necessary.