Occurrence Of Musculoskeletal Disorders Research Articles

Morbidity pattern of musculoskeletal disorders among school children in a selected ward of urban Bengaluru using pediatric Gait, Arms, Legs, and Spine screening tool

Abstract Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among children are common globally and in India with the prevalence ranging from 4% to 15%. Musculoskeletal symptoms can be due to trauma or growing pains or symptoms of potentially life-threatening conditions such as malignancy, sepsis, and autoimmune disorders. With their indefinite onset and long latent period, early detection of these disorders and prompt treatment reduce the severity of outcomes; hence, screening is necessary. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the occurrence and describe the morbidity patterns of MSDs among school children in a selected school cluster of urban Bengaluru using the pediatric Gait, Arms, Legs, and Spine (pGALS) screening tool. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done, which included all the students of one randomly selected school cluster in one ward of urban Bengaluru. The total number of students was 260; 37 students did not get their parental consent, and 29 students were chronically absent. The pGALS tool has demonstrated an excellent sensitivity (around 97%) and specificity (around 98%) at all joints with high acceptability among children and parent/guardian and across cultures. Results: The overall occurrence of MSDs based on the pGALS tool among school children was 46.9% (91/194). Males were the most affected than females (males: 51.6% and females: 48.4%). Children in the age group of 10–15 years were most affected by MSDs (51.6%). Conclusion: The prevalence of MSDs is high among school-going children based on the pGALS screening tool, and this may be due to a recent sports event.

ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ ВОСПИТАНИЕ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ КАК СРЕДСТВО ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ НЕБЛАГОПРИЯТНОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ВНЕШКОЛЬНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ

Preservation and strengthening of children and adolescents' health is one of the most important direc-tions of the state policy of the Russian Federation. Purpose of the study: to assess the effectiveness of hygiene education techniques to prevent adverse effects of out-of-school factors on the health of schoolchildren. Materials and methods: In the dynamics from 2017 to 2019 in three educational or-ganizations of Astrakhan the hygienic education of schoolchildren and their parents was carried out. The influence of extracurricular factors on schoolchildren's health was assessed on the basis of a risk-based model. A total of 1940 Astrakhan schoolchildren aged 7–17 (878 boys and 1062 girls) partici-pated in the questionnaire-based survey. The data was statistically processed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Results: A cause-effect relationship was found to be 95,0 %, RR = 6,40, CI = 4,92–8.33, the etiological component was 67,5 %, sensitivity was 0,889, specificity was 0,778. There was a caus-al relationship between occurrence of myopia and failure to perform eye exercises by school children at home, 95,0 %, RR = 1,80, CI = 1,52–2,15, etiological component 26,7 %, sensitivity 0,750, speci-ficity 0,500. A causal relationship was found between the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders and the use of shoes that did not meet hygienic recommendations, including those outside educational institutions – 95,0 %, RR = 1,75, CI = 1,50–2,00, etiological component 25,0 %, sensitivity – 0,700, specificity – 0,500. Within the framework of the conducted activities short recommendations – check-lists on the rational organization of the day and nutrition, motor activity, night sleep and leisure time organization were formulated. The information was also presented to the parents of the schoolchil-dren. Conclusion. Identification of intra-school and extra-school factors, establishment of cause-effect relationships and evaluation of possible adverse effects, will make it possible to develop relevant techniques of hygiene education, which will contribute to preservation

Musculoskeletal Disorders in People Working as Saree Sellers

Background: People working as Saree Sellers need to adopt awkward postures and wrong sitting arrangements and repetitive movements of the upper and lower limbs, which may predispose them to work related musculoskeletal disorders(WRMSDs). MSDs are a major cause of morbidity, illness and disability. The aim of the study was to find Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders(MSDs) among Saree Sellers of Ahmedabad. Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted on people selling sarees in shops, since at least one year using convenience sampling. A questionnaire was generated. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire including close-ended questions. Descriptive analysis was done. Result: Total 56 workers completed the study-47(84%)males and 9(16%)females, mean age(39.1+11.2)years. 55(99%) workers worked for >8 hours a day, 39(70%)worked 7days/week. 34(61%) were working for >10 years. 30(54%) of workers had pain in last 12 months. 10(17%) had problem in knees and 4(7%) had problem in ankles as they have to get up for >5 times a day as reported by 32(57%)workers. 35(62%) had received surgical and 4(7%) had taken physiotherapy treatment. Conclusion/implications: Occurrence of MSDs among saree sellers, was found to be about 50%, particularly in the knee, ankle. Awareness about physiotherapy and ergonomics may be less in this industry. The working conditions need to be studied and steps taken to reduce the WRMSDs problems in this industry, ergonomic interventions can be suggested in the work places. Keywords: Prevalence, Ergonomics, Work related musculoskeletal disorders. Funding acknowledgement: None

The Analysis Of Factors Associated With The Incidence Of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) In Batik Craftsmen

Musculoskeletal complaints are complaints on the parts of the skeletal muscles that are experienced by a person with different levels ranging from very mild to very severe complaints. Musculoskeletal complaints cause pain, numbness, soreness, stiffness, tingling, swelling, tremors, sleep disturbances, as well as decreased work productivity and lost work time. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders in Batik Craftsmen. The population in this study were all 30 batik artisans in Danau Teluk District and were also used as research samples. Data will be analyzed using the chi-square test with (p = 0.05). The results showed that age (p=0.023), years of service (p=0.004), and work attitude (p=0.002) were significantly associated with complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in batik craftsmen. And there is no relationship between gender (p = 1.000) with complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in batik craftsmen. The conclusion in this study is that of the four variables studied, the variables associated with complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in batik craftsmen are age, years of service, and work attitude.
 Keywords: Musculoskeletal Disorders, Work Attitudes, RULA

Ergonomic Evaluation of Mechanical Workshop Activities to Reduce Musculoskeletal Disorders

There are many brands of two-wheeled vehicles, one of which is Honda. Entering 1982 to 1984 Honda released the CB 100 and CB 125 with a more attractive appearance. In the type of CB in 1978 to Tiger Revo 2012 has a change in shape that shows the development of innovation. To fulfil the demands of work in the workshop, mechanics experience various types of movements such as moving, bending, turning, holding machines and installing manually without the help of ergonomic aids. This study was conducted on 5 workshop mechanics located in 33 districts/cities in Central Java province. The research results from 5 mechanics resulted in a high risk level using the NERPA, WERA and KIM methods. Then the improvement proposal is made with the design of a tool design in the form of a mechanical work table so that it can reduce the occurrence of Musculoskeletal Disorders. in calculation with tools to disassembling the machine obtained results in the NERPA method of 4 which means the activity has a medium risk. In the WERA method assessment, the final risk value is 33 with a medium risk value. The third calculation using KIM obtained a final risk value of 40 at level 2, meaning that the intensity increased slightly. The calculation of raising the machine obtained a NERPA value of 4 with a medium risk. The WERA method obtained a value of 38 with medium risk. The third calculation using KIM obtained a value of 35 with a level 2 value.

The effect of technology on the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders in students of high school in Greece

Background: There has been a rise in the proliferation of technological devices across the globe. Many children use electronic devices from the age of 3 years old, especially mobile phones. The prolonged use of electronic devices has led to a distortion of body posture, leading to musculoskeletal disorders, including neck, thoracic, and back pain, and tendonitis of the upper extremities, primarily when using one hand. Methods: To prove the positive correlation between technology and musculoskeletal disorders and to answer the above questions, an online questionnaire was distributed to 120 students of high school from all over Greece. The questionnaire comprises questions from two standardized questionnaires, the internet addiction test (IAT) and the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NQS). In addition, respondents completed a medical history and supplementary questions about their physical condition and their attitudes when using electronic devices. Results: The results show that there is a positive correlation between long-term use of electronic devices and the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems in all parts of the body (neck, chest, lower back, hip, and lower extremities), as well as students who chose the wrong postures, had much more symptoms in contrast to the students who chose the positions with the greatest alignment. Finally, physical activity decreased significantly as the respondents' hours of using electronic devices increased. Conclusions: Uncontrolled use of electronic devices can be a factor in the onset of symptoms, but adopting correct posture while using the devices and the good physical condition of the students would significantly reduce pain.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG HEALTH SCIENCES UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN SELANGOR

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries or pain that affect the human locomotor system and may affect everyone at least once in a lifetime. The accompanying chronicity, pain and disability are usually associated with mental health impairment. This study was carried out to examine the prevalence of MSDs and its relationship with psychological distress among undergraduate students from several health sciences programs. A set of self-administered questionnaires consisting of the Standardised Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was given out to 330 undergraduate students of a public university in Malaysia. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis on the relationship between MSDs and psychological distress (depression, stress, and anxiety). The prevalence of MSDs during the past 12 months was found to be high (86.6%), with lower back pain being the most common symptom (63.3%), followed by neck pain (53.6%) and shoulder pain (50.6%). Half of the students (57.0%) reported depression, 37.3% reported anxiety, and 28.2% reported stress. The occurrence of MSDs in the regions of the shoulder, and hips or thighs or buttock regions have significant positive relationship with stress and anxiety scores of the students (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the occurrence of MSDs in the region of the wrists or hands, knees, and shoulders have significant positive relationship with the depression score (p < 0.05). In conclusion, MSDs in the shoulder, hips or thighs or buttock regions wrists or hands, and knees regions were significantly associated with psychological distress. Further intervention programs should be implemented to reduce psychological distress associated with MSDs among the students.

Ergonomic Analysis of Factors Causing Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) in Heavy Vehicle Drivers

Driving comfort is important for any class of vehicle drivers. Seating comfort is very important for drivers who are undergoing extended period of driving and its associated side effects include higher risk of back problems, discomfort in neck, shoulder and thighs. A good sitting position and correct posture are important for drivers to reduce various work related injuries. There are several occupational risk factors that may affect the work performance of heavy vehicle drivers that may lead to health issues. One of these issues is the driver’s exposure to Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD). MSDs are injuries and disorders that affect the human body's movement or musculoskeletal system. This is due to the fact that heavy vehicle drivers are often exposed to vibration, prolonged sitting and other postural factors. Some are related to the actual driving task, traffic situation, individual variability and cabin layout. The musculoskeletal disorders are mostly associated with work postures and movements, repetitiveness and pace of work, force of movement, vibration, temperature, workplace layout and monotonous tasks. And these mentioned risk factors may affect not only the health of the heavy vehicle drivers but may also cause related road accidents. In order to determine the occupational risk factors, a study is required to identify the current condition of heavy vehicle drivers in relation to major risk factors. Furthermore, this study aims to determine the significant factors affecting the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders using statistical analyses.

Muskuloskeletni poremećaji u populaciji studenata stomatologije Univerziteta u Nišu, Srbija

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are characterized by discomfort, occasional or permanent pain in the joints, muscles, tendons and other soft tissues caused by the repetition of certain body movements or uncomfortable and forced body posture. Dentistry is considered a high-risk profession for the development of these disorders. The aim of the research was to investigate the occurrence of MSD in the population of dental students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Serbia. Total of 170 dental students participated in the research. In order to examine the emergence and distribution of MSD, students filled out a modified Nordic questionnaire. The results showed that 70.6% of students suffer from MSD. MSD were almost equally represented in both genders (69.7% in male and 71.1% in female). The most common localization of pain was in the area of the upper back in 32.3% of cases. A total of 54.1% of students declared that the pain intensity was moderate and that in 41.2% of cases it lasted as long as the work with the patient. In 49.4% of cases, the pain does not affect practical work, and as a relief measure in 53.3% of cases, students use rest. MSD appear already in the first years of studies and tend to intensify with the length of studies. Given that musculoskeletal pain occurs already in the early period of student practice, it is necessary to study ergonomic factors that are of great importance for the occurrence and intensification of these disorders.

Posture Analysis Using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) & Nordic Body Map (NBM) Methods to Reduce the Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in Automotive Company

This study aims to identify the operator's posture at work, determine the factors that influence the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) complaints, and give suggestions for improving the postures. The method used in the research is Nordic Body Map (NBM) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Material handling processes carried out by some operator's production in the line press magazine stamping could be affected body postures. If the company does not carry out an analysis of the situation, it could be impacting the risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders for the operator who is working in this area. Process manual handling was carried out 4800 cycles in a day (8 hours of work) with a bent posture, causing complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The results of Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire processing results scored 75 and 81 points, and the second activity was the REBA assessment when the operator took material from the train. The REBA score was 8. The results of this study have high scores for NBMs and REBAs, requiring investigation and changing work attitudes.

Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorder in the Working Posture of Online Motorcycle Drivers (Case Study: Drivers at Malang District)

Variations in the dimensions of each type of motorcycle and variations in the anthropometry of the rider's body often cause complaints of discomfort in the body which can eventually lead to musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study is to determine the value of the driver's body point complaints using Nordic body maps, determine the improvement of body posture in terms of the risk level of the driver's musculoskeletal disorders using the integration of rapid upper limb assessment and rapid whole body assessment. The research methodology uses a sample of 30 respondents, with 3 types of motorcycles. Stages of data analysis using Nordic body maps, RULA, REBA and Body Mass Index. The results of the study stated that there were 7 points of complaints of musculoskeletal disorders with the role of repetitive static activities. The working posture condition of the integration of RULA and REBA is stated that there is an improvement in body posture in the dimensions of RULA and REBA with the achievement of the need for the role of changing the dimensions of the motorcycle seat and handlebar as a development to suppress the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among Jordanian physiotherapists: Prevalence and risk factors.

Musculoskeletal complaints associated with work are common health problems among physiotherapists due to overload exposure and unsuitable postures. To assess work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among Jordanian physiotherapists and investigate the factors that might increase the risk of having WMSDs among physiotherapists by using the ICF model as a guiding framework. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 139 physiotherapists. Participants' ages ranged from 23 to 61 years with 53.2% who identified as female. To assess WMSDs the Quick Exposure Check was used. Furthermore, depression, sleep, social support and job satisfaction were all assessed using Beck Depression Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, respectively. Furthermore, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), educational level, smoking status and marital status were also collected from all participants. The results showed that the most common musculoskeletal complaints were as follows: 100% of the participants reported overload occurrence in the cervical spine, 97.9% in the lumbar spine, 96.5% in the shoulder joint, and 24.1% in the wrist joint. There was a significant negative correlation between total exposure and gender. Also, total exposure was significantly and positively correlated with BMI and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ). This study suggests a need to increased knowledge of self-protection strategies among physiotherapists to reduce the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders. Understanding the factors that might increase WMSDs is useful for future research, quality improvement, and educational programs to reduce the rates of WMSDs among physiotherapists.

Musculoskeletal risk factors assessment based on exploratory factor analysis and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process

The occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is increasing significantly. It is crucial to understand risk factors to reduce MSD problems. This study aims to identify the possible risk factors and investigate each risk factor’s role in developing MSD problems. Twenty-five risk factors for MSD problems have been identified through a systematic literature review and consultation with experts. These risk factors are further classified into five groups using Explorative Factor Analysis (EFA). They are personal, biomechanical, workplace, psychological, and organizational. The authors have employed the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to prioritize the risk factors. The top five significant risk factors are working posture, repetitive motion, layout, anthropometry, and vibration. This study can contribute significantly to existing literature since it has scientifically classified risk factors into five major groups. In addition, this study has practical implications. This study will be helpful for the decision makers to prepare an effective plan to reduce musculoskeletal problems within their industries or organizations.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF PROLONGED SITTING DUE TO ONLINE LEARNING TO MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDS) IN MUHAMMADIYAH SMA STUDENTS, PALEMBANG CITY

Introduction : Prolonged sitting is a sedentary activity for a long time characterized by low energy consumption in combination with movements in a sitting or lying position. Online learning can be one of the causes of this condition because during learning, students sit for about two-thirds of working hours and their sitting period usually lasts at least 30 minutes. Objective : This study aims to determine the relationship between prolonged sitting and musculosceletal disorders (MSDs) in Muhammadiyah high school students in Palembang. Methods: This type of research is a survey with a descriptive quantitative approach, using a Cross Sectional analytic method. Collecting data through the distribution of jotform questionnaires to students of SMA Muhammadiyah Palembang City. Results: Hypothesis test results obtained p value = 0.005, it can be concluded that there is a difference in the proportion of events between prolonged sitting and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Conclusion: the results of this study found a relationship between prolonged sitting due to online learning and the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This research recommendation can be continued with research using a more specific MSDs measurement instrument

État des lieux du risque de survenue de troubles musculosquelettiques dans une unité de production

In 2018, according to the latest report from the French National Cancer Institute (INCa), approximately 400,000 new cases of cancer in France were identified. Fifty-four percent were represented by men and 46% by women. The number of new cases increased between 2010 and 2018 (+6,000 cases for men and 23,000 for women). Hospital pharmacies caring for cancer patients must absorb this flow without having additional human resources or without being able to increase the capacity of the chemotherapy reconstitution unit. And this always while ensuring a quality according to the legal requirements. This increase of activity and the centralization of chemotherapy preparations bring with it new problems: musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The objective of this work is, through the improvement of work quality, to prevent and monitor the appearance of MSDs in pharmacy technician team. Initially, using the Nordic questionnaire, an inventory of the pain and genes felt by the staff according to location and duration was conducted with pharmacy technician team. Secondly, an assessment of the risk of occurrence of MSDs in the pharmacy technician team according to the tasks performed was carried out using the Borg CR10 scale and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) checklist. The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints over the last twelve months and the last seven days within the sample was highest for the wrists/hands (67% and 56%) and head/neck (56% and 33%). The severity index of musculoskeletal problems at work was 50% for the elbow region and 33% for the wrist/hand region. According to the OSHA checklist, the workstations for the preparation of cytotoxics and the workstations for the preparation of analgesics intended for the intrathecal route obtained a score greater than 5, which is equivalent to a risk of occurrence of MSDs. On the positions evaluated using Borg's CR10 scale, the following body regions saw a significant increase in the strain felt after a day of production: head/neck (P-value 0.04), upper back (P-value 0.03), lower back (P-value 0.03) and legs (0.04). This work made it possible to produce a map of the body regions affected, to identify the positions at risk and to assess the level of risk. Several approaches have been defined to prevent MSDs for the pharmacy technician team. Staff training, by one of the physiotherapists, in muscle warm-ups before a production day is planned. In the continuity of this approach, an expertise by an ergonomist, which could not be carried out due to the health situation and the preventive measures would be essential in order to put in place additional preventive and curative actions.

The Prevalence and Development of Neck and Lower Back Pain and Associated Factors in Dentistry Students-A Long-Term Prospective Study.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent a significant occupational burden for dentists and dentistry students. This study aimed to assess the five-year development of most common musculoskeletal complaints among dentistry students during the whole length of their studies and to analyze the impact of some potentially associated risk factors. A longitudinal questionnaire survey regarding the occurrence of MSDs was conducted among a total of 73 dentistry students between 2014 and 2021. The same students enrolled in three consecutive years were monitored throughout their entire studies. Statistical analysis was performed using methods of descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, McNemar test, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The most frequent areas of complaints were neck (61.6%) and lower back (49.3%). The increase in self-reported complaints between the first and the fifth year was statistically significant for neck pain (increase by 15%, p = 0.043) but not for lower back pain (by 6.8%, p = 0.44). According to our data, age, performing top-level sport, and participating in regular sporting activities had a statistically significant influence on neck and/or back pain. The results of this longitudinal prospective study showed that neck, as well as lower back pain, are significant problems for dentistry students.

Ergonomic Assessment Method of Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders Associated with Sitting Postures

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are associated with sitting postures. The assessment and prevention of risk factors for workplace exposure are indispensable aspects of reducing the occurrence of MSDs. This paper proposes an ergonomic assessment method of risk factors for MSDs associated with sitting postures in the actual working conditions. A Kinect sensor with the RULA method was primarily used to collect the data and evaluate the relevant postures. The results obtained were compared with the evaluation results by a human expert. Additionally, we verified the capability and effectiveness of this method. A program system for human joint recognition and acquisition was implemented. The results indicated that the Kinect joint data is generally accurate and can adequately complete the RULA evaluation table. The results from the front and right-hand side obtained by the Kinect were consistent with the results of the expert evaluation, and no significant difference was observed between them ([Formula: see text]). However, when the participants faced the Kinect, the sensor performed better, and the evaluation result was more accurate. A high consistency was observed between the evaluation results obtained from the front and the expert (proportion agreement [Formula: see text], Cohen’s [Formula: see text]). Only a slight consistency was observed between the evaluation results obtained from the right-hand side and the expert (proportion agreement [Formula: see text], Cohen’s [Formula: see text]). This research created a new ergonomic method for the risk assessment of MSDs associated with sitting postures. The combination of theory and practice is crucial in the risk assessment of sitting postures in workplaces.

MUSKULOSKELETEAL DISORDER (MSD's) PADA PEKERJA KANTORAN DI SURABAYA

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are disorders of the musculoskeletal system caused or aggravated by interactions in the work environment. The musculoskeletal system consists of muscles, connective tissue, tendons, joints, ligaments and the nervous system. Musculoskeletal complaints occur in the skeletal muscles experienced by a person ranging from mild complaints to very severe complaints. Several factors that can trigger the occurrence of MSDs are years of work, body mass index (BMI), and the habit of not doing exercise. This research was conducted to determine the level of risk of MSDs in workers in Surabaya. The method used is descriptive research. The workers were given informed consent, after agreeing to take part in the research, the workers were asked to fill out a questionnaire via a google form and the results of the questionnaire were recapitulated and processed into descriptive data. Research on MSDs involved 101 respondents consisting of 31 women and 70 men who had jobs as office workers, health workers, and housewives. Based on the research that has been done, the results obtained are as many as 88 (87.1%) respondents have a low risk of experiencing MSDs while as many as 13 (12.9%) respondents have a moderate risk of experiencing MSDs. To avoid the occurrence of MSDs, workers are expected to be able to stretch in between jobs and be able to modify work tools so that workers can work in an ergonomic position.
 
 Keywords: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs); musculoskeletal

Investigation of the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders at shoulder, neck and elbow of digestive endoscopy operators

Objective: To investigate the effect of endoscopic operation volume on musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of shoulder, neck and elbow. Methods: From December 2019 to March 2020, random sampling was used to select 200 gastroenterologists from hospitals at or above the municipal level in Sichuan Province as the research object. Gastroenterologists were divided into 108 eadoscop in the low operation group (The operation volume is less than 5 000 cases) and 92 eadoscop in the high operation group (The operation volume is more than 5 000 cases) according to the operation volume. MSDS was investigated by UCLA shoulder scoring system, Tanaka Jingjiu cervical spondylosis scale and improved An and Morrey elbow scoring system, and the chi-square test was used to compare the basic conditions of different body parts in the two groups. The basic condition of each part of the two groups was tested and compared. Results: Compared with the low operation group, the age and working years of the high operation group were longer, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The most painful part between the two groups was the shoulder, accounting for 25.9% (28/108) and 37.0% (34/92), respectively. Occasional shoulder pain was the most (41.9%, 26/62) and normal function was the most (32.3%, 20/62) ; The forward flexion angle exceeds 150° at most (40.3%, 25/62). Slight pain often occurred in the neck, accounting for 57.7% (15/26), the occasional impact of pain on the upper limbs accounted for 61.5% (16/26), and the impact on the fingers accounted for 53.8% (14/26) ; 65.0% (15/26) had mild disturbance to the sense of signs; Normal tendon reflex accounted for 88.5% (23/26) ; The influence of opponents was weakness, discomfort and no dysfunction, accounting for 53.8% (14/26) ; Endoscopists with normal muscle strength (2 points) and mild decline accounted for 50.0% (13/26) respectively, and there was no significant difference among the groups (P=0.234、1.000、1.000、0.050、0.680、0.539、0.431、0.239). The elbow score scale showed that mild loss accounted for 55.0% (11/20), mild instability accounted for 65% (13/20), and mild pain accounted for 55.0% (11/20) . Conclusion: MSDs is a health problem faced by endoscopists, and targeted preventive measures should be taken for its possible causes.

The implementation of anthropometric measurement in designing the ergonomics work furniture

The productivity of an employee has a crucial role for the company. The higher the level of productivity, the higher the profit they can provide for the company. Ergonomic furniture is one of the supporting examples in increasing employee productivity. Designing ergonomic furniture is the effort taken by the company to boost the employee's productivity. The ergonomic furniture can provide comfort to the employee and minimize the occurrence of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). The provided coziness will increase the level of concentration so that the performance of the employee will be increased too. The existence of ergonomic furniture will offer benefits to the company. Therefore, companies are required to provide adequate facilities and infrastructure to support employee activities. One of the company's facilities is a table and chairs. Tables and chairs must be designed ergonomically, considering that both facilities will continually be used within 8 hours per day. This research aims to utilize anthropometric measurement as a design tool for ergonomic work furniture. The anthropometric measurement was conducted on 85 employees and used 11 body dimensions as a parameter. These body dimensions consist of a supine hand, sitting, forward pinch-grip reach, elbow height, shoulder width, pelvic width, buttock-knee length, knee height, shoulder height, sitting, length of elbow to toe, thigh clearance, and palm width. The 5th percentile was used for four dimensions in this research, while the rest used 95th. The results of this research are expected to minimize the possibility of various health problems caused by the un-ergonomic working furniture so that the employee's performance will be improved too