Occurrence Of Menopause Research Articles

Ovarian function, fertility, and menopause occurrence after fertility-sparing surgery and chemotherapy for ovarian neoplasms

BackgroundThe effect of chemotherapy exposure (CE) on ovarian function in young women with ovarian neoplasms undergoing fertility-sparing treatment (FST) remains unclear. We investigated whether CE is correlated with the outcomes (1) during-treatment and (2) post-treatment amenorrhea, (3) conception rate, (4) pregnancy outcome, and (5) spontaneous menopausal age. Patients and methodsEligibility criteria were patients with a diagnosis of epithelial (EOC) or nonepithelial (no-EOC) invasive ovarian neoplasm, premenopausal age, undergoing FST ± CE, histopathology confirmation, and adequate follow-up. The groups' outcomes were compared by logistic and linear regression analysis. ResultsA total of 548 patients diagnosed during 1980 and 2014 were included, 198 in the EOC group and 350 in the no-EOC group, and 44% received chemotherapy, with a median follow-up of 15.9 years. In no-EOC patients, CE conferred a higher risk for Outcomes 1 (adjusted OR [aOR] 27; 95% CI 12 to 61; P < .0001) and 2 (aOR 5.42; 95% CI 1 to 24; P = .0256) and was associated with a younger menopausal age (adjusted β −5.52; 95% CI −10.53 to −0.52; P = .0313). Overall, 57% of patients attempted pregnancy, with a conception rate of 89%. In EOC patients, no association between CE and a decreased fertility was demonstrated (aOR, 3.05; 95% CI 0.72 to 12.88; P = .1298). ConclusionsCE in no-EOC was associated with an increased risk of during-treatment amenorrhea, post-treatment amenorrhea, and earlier spontaneous menopausal age; CE in EOC was not associated with any item at study. Patients undergoing FST had reassuringly high conception rates and low premature ovarian failure rates; however, in pretreatment counseling, the risks of this approach in such young population should be discussed.

HASIL PEMERIKSAAN IVA ANTARA WANITA YANG MENIKAH DINI DAN MENIKAH IDEAL

Based on the result of survey there were 8 of 10 menopausal women were less aware the changed menopouse period and there were no workshop about menopause itself. In some women, the occurrence of menopause is characterized by occasional hot flush and fatigue, symptoms of menopause that can arise can be very much, both physical and psychological symptoms, which makes them suffer greatly. The purposes of the study are to identify the knowledge and attitude of woman in facing menopause at BPS Triwayati, Amd.Keb. The design of the study was use pre-experimental with one pretest and post test. The variable in this study were conducting the knowledge and the attitude of women which were before and after given workshop. The result of the workshop from variable T. Test statistic showed that the level of knowledge before and after menopause counseling were have significant level (p) 0.000 so it can be concluded that, there is effect from the workshop about the knowledge of menopause to the women. Meanwhile, the level of attitude about menopause before and after given workshop it was have the significant level (p) 0.167 so it can be concluded that, there is no effect from the workshop about menopause period to the women. Every woman, especially those who will experience the menopause to dig up more information about the menopause so ready to lead a healthy life in the menopause. Keywords: Menopause, Knowledge, Attitude, Counseling

A descriptive study to assess the biopsychosocial problems among menopausal women in selected areas of Jalandhar, Punjab, 2015

“Menopause is an event in life, not a disease.” The WHO defines menopause as ‘the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from the loss of ovarian follicular activity’. The normal age for the occurrence of menopause is between the age of 40–60 years. During menopause the women experiences Biopsychosocial problems and they affect each woman to a different extent.

On Exploring Hidden Structures Behind Cervical Cancer Incidence.

Finding new etiological components is of great interest in disease epidemiology. We consider time series version of invariant coordinate selection (tICS) as an exploratory tool in the search of hidden structures in the analysis of population-based registry data. Increasing cancer burden inspired us to consider a case study of age-stratified cervical cancer incidence in Finland between the years 1953 and 2014. The latent components, which we uncover using tICS, show that the etiology of cervical cancer is age dependent. This is in line with recent findings related to the epidemiology of cervical cancer. Furthermore, we are able to explain most of the variation of cervical cancer incidence in different age groups by using only two latent tICS components. The second tICS component, in particular, is interesting since it separates the age groups into three distinct clusters. The factor that separates the three clusters is the median age of menopause occurrence.

PEMBERIAN PENYULUHAN TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP WANITA PREMENOPAUSE

Based on the result of survey there were 8 of 10 menopausal women were less aware the changed menopouse period and there were no workshop about menopause itself. In some women, the occurrence of menopause is characterized by occasional hot flush and fatigue, symptoms of menopause that can arise can be very much, both physical and psychological symptoms, which makes them suffer greatly. The purposes of the study are to identify the knowledge and attitude of woman in facing menopause at BPS Triwayati, Amd.Keb. The design of the study was use pre-experimental with one pretest and post test. The variable in this study were conducting the knowledge and the attitude of women which were before and after given workshop. The result of the workshop from variable T. Test statistic showed that the level of knowledge before and after menopause counseling were have significant level (p) 0.000 so it can be concluded that, there is effect from the workshop about the knowledge of menopause to the women. Meanwhile, the level of attitude about menopause before and after given workshop it was have the significant level (p) 0.167 so it can be concluded that, there is no effect from the workshop about menopause period to the women. Every woman, especially those who will experience the menopause to dig up more information about the menopause so ready to lead a healthy life in the menopause. Keywords: Menopause, Knowledge, Attitude, Counseling

HASIL PEMERIKSAAN IVA ANTARA WANITA YANG MENIKAH DINI DAN MENIKAH IDEAL

Based on the result of survey there were 8 of 10 menopausal women were less aware the changed menopouse period and there were no workshop about menopause itself. In some women, the occurrence of menopause is characterized by occasional hot flush and fatigue, symptoms of menopause that can arise can be very much, both physical and psychological symptoms, which makes them suffer greatly. The purposes of the study are to identify the knowledge and attitude of woman in facing menopause at BPS Triwayati, Amd.Keb. The design of the study was use pre-experimental with one pretest and post test. The variable in this study were conducting the knowledge and the attitude of women which were before and after given workshop. The result of the workshop from variable T. Test statistic showed that the level of knowledge before and after menopause counseling were have significant level (p) 0.000 so it can be concluded that, there is effect from the workshop about the knowledge of menopause to the women. Meanwhile, the level of attitude about menopause before and after given workshop it was have the significant level (p) 0.167 so it can be concluded that, there is no effect from the workshop about menopause period to the women. Every woman, especially those who will experience the menopause to dig up more information about the menopause so ready to lead a healthy life in the menopause. Keywords: Menopause, Knowledge, Attitude, Counseling

Prevalence and Determinants of Premature Menopause among Indian Women: Issues and Challenges Ahead.

Premature menopause refers to the occurrence of menopause in women less than 40 years of age. This heterogeneous disorder affects 1 percent and 0.1 percent of women less than 40 and 30 years of age, respectively. The study reported in this article attempts to understand the prevalence and determinants of premature menopause among Indian women by studying the effects of various socioeconomic indicators, such as age, education, wealth index, rural-urban settlement, work status, religion, and caste, on women. The study analyzed the National Family Health Survey-3, which is equivalent to the Demographic Health Survey in India. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to tease out the determinants of premature menopause. Results indicate that the percentage of premature menopause is very high (5.5 percent) among Indian women. Among Indian states, Andhra Pradesh women have the highest percentage of premature menopause (14.6 percent). Smoking and the nutritional status of women are strongly associated with early menopause. Furthermore, women living in rural areas and using tobacco are at a greater risk of premature menopause.

Evidence of good prognosis of hepatocellular adenoma in post-menopausal women

Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is a rare benign liver tumor, which typically develops in women in their reproductive phase and is associated with the use of oral contraceptives. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether follow-up of HCA can be safely terminated after the occurrence of menopause. Secondary, we studied the impact of the diagnosis HCA on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This was a cross-sectional cohort study, including 48 post-menopausal women with HCA. Patients underwent ultrasound examination and the size of HCA was compared to size at the last follow-up imaging (CT, MRI or ultrasound). HRQoL was evaluated by the Liver Disease Symptom Index 2.0 and Short Form 12. Median time since last follow-up was 60.5months. In 44 patients 43.5% of the lesions were undetectable, 32.6% were stable in size and 19.6% became smaller. Mean diameter of HCA was 17.2mm compared to 35.9mm at last follow-up (p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between difference in size and time since last follow-up (p<0.001). No significant effect of HCA subtype on difference in size was found. Regarding HRQoL, study patients scored significantly lower on the mental component summary score compared to the general female Dutch population. HCA diameter became significantly smaller after the occurrence of menopause and as time progresses, this regression increased. This suggests that routine follow-up of HCA <5cm in post-menopausal women after subsequent follow-up is not required. Notably we found that patient's mental HRQoL was inferior to that of the general population. In this study we investigated if hepatocellular adenoma, a benign tumor of the liver that is found mostly in women and is associated with female hormones, regresses in size after the occurrence of menopause in female patients over 50years of age. We made an ultrasound of the liver lesion and found that the average size of the adenomas becomes significantly smaller. This could mean that female patients with a small (<5cm) hepatocellular adenoma who are post-menopausal do not have to remain in follow-up. MEC-2015-385.

Redefining the origin and evolution of ovarian cancer: a hormonal connection.

Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality of all female reproductive cancers. Late diagnosis, tumour heterogeneity and the development of chemoresistance contribute to this statistic and work against patient survival. Current studies have revealed novel concepts that impact our view on how ovarian cancer develops. The greatest impact is on our understanding that, as a disease, ovarian cancer has multiple cellular origins and that these malignant precursors are mostly derived from outside of the ovaries. In this review, we propose a new concept of a step-wise developmental process that may underwrite ovarian tumorigenesis and progression: (1) migration/recruitment to the ovaries; (2) seeding and establishment in the ovaries; (3) induction of a dormant cancer stage; and (4) expansion and tumor progression. We will discuss the relationship of each step with the changing ovarian function and milieu during the reproductive age and the subsequent occurrence of menopause. The realization that ovarian cancer development and progression occurs in distinct steps is critical for the search of adequate markers for early detection that will offer personalized strategies for prevention and therapy.

Genetics of Early and Normal Menopause.

Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of ovulation and hence menstruation due to ovarian failure. The median age of menopause is 51 years. However, early menopause might occur at 40 years of age while late menopause might happen as late as 62 years of age. Premature menopause is defined as the cessation of ovulation prior to the age of 40 years, a condition generally referred to as primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). Menopause is also a highly heritable condition. Genetic variants are known to contribute to ∼50% of the variation in age at menopause. Several genetic studies have tried to unravel this genetic background making use of different genetic techniques in population studies as well as in animal models. Genome-wide linkage studies have identified only a limited amount of genetic variants that seem to be associated with menopause. Population-based studies as well as animal research into the genetic background of POI have identified several genetic variants that seem to be associated with POI. However, a lot of these studies suffer from methodological flaws because results are generally not replicated in different independent samples and most of these studies are underpowered. Hence, results are conflicting. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genetic variants that are associated with menopause and POI. Genes seem to be involved in DNA repair and maintenance as well as in immune function. Biological as well as epidemiological data seem to indicate that reproductive performance, age at menopause, and longevity are interlinked through common genetic factors involved in DNA repair and maintenance. In case these systems fail, cell death and accelerated aging occur. Consequently, it seems that the aging of the soma, as a result of dysfunctional DNA repair, is responsible for failure to reproduce and the subsequent occurrence of menopause. Hence, reproductive performance constitutes a good predictor for general health in later life.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT PEKERJAAN DENGAN USIA KEJADIAN MENOPAUSE DI DESA BUMIREJO KECAMATAN KEBUMEN

Menopause is one of phases experienced by women. It is a biological condition when women do not experience menstruation anymore. The age of menopause is different between one woman to another. There are some factors influencing menopause such as the first time when experiencing the menstruation (menarche), physiological and job condition, the number of children, the contraception usage, smoking, social economic condition, weather, and the height of geographic condition. The objective of the research is finding out correlation between Job level with age of menopause occurrence in Bumirejo Village KebumenThis study is to find out correlation between Job level with age of menopause occurrence in Bumirejo Village Kebumen.This is an analytic correlation research using cross sectional approach. The population consisted of 511 of 45-55 years old women in Bumirejo in 2014. The samples are 128 respondents taken by purporsive sampling technique. The research instrument is questioner. The data analysis technique is Chi Square test with significant level 0.05.This study shod that there are 72 respondents (56.3%) had heavy job and 56 respondents (43.8%) had easy job. Respondents who experienced normal menopause = 95 respondents (74.2%), earlier menopause = 21 respondents (16.4%) and slow menopause = 12 respondents (9.4%). There is a significant correlation between Job level with age of menopause occurrence with X2 count &gt; X2 table (14.693 &gt; 5.991). Keywords : job level, menopause

Replication study of genetic loci influencing age at menopause in Southern Chinese women

Introduction: Age at menopause is a highly heritable trait. Previous genome-wide meta-analysis in European and Northern Chinese identified 26 loci underlying age at menopause. Objectives:Tovalidate these26genetic loci in SouthernChinese women. Aims: To study genetic factors which may influence age at menopause in Southern Chinese. Methods: This study was performed on 653 women who participated in the Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study, whose age at menopause was available. These women consented to have blood taken and archived for genotyping. DNA was extracted from the buffy coat, and genotyping was performed using Sequenom iPLEX. Age at menopause was recorded using a structured questionnaire. In this study, 60 subjects with early menopause (defined as age at menopause <45 years) were compared to 397 subjects with age at menopause ≥50 years. The associations of 26 SNPs, previously reported in Europeans and northern Chinese, with age atmenopause (continuous variable) and earlymenopause (dichotomizedvariable)wereexaminedusing linear regressionand logistic regression, respectively. Results:Among those genotyped loci, rs10183486, rs11668344, and rs365132 showed significant replication with age at menopause with an effect size of the minor allele being −0.025 (P=0.036), −0.016 (P=0.019), and 0.009 (P=0.017), respectively. Similarly, these SNPs (rs10183486, rs11668344, and rs365132) were also associated with risk of early menopause with the odds ratio of the minor allele being 2.39 (P=0.047), 1.88 (P=0.029), and 0.711 (P=0.043), respectively. In addition, rs10852344also showed significant replication with the risk of early menopause with an odds ratio of 0.59 (P=0.029). Conclusions: The current study provides independent evidence that rs10183486, rs11668344, rs365132, and possibly rs10852344 are determinants of age at menopause in southern Chinese. The mechanisms of how these associated genes act towards occurrence of menopause warrants further investigation.

The Influence Of Obesity On Results Of AT (Doxorubicin Plus Docetaxel) Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy In Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients.

The achieve pathologic complete response is proven to be the most important parameter of prognosis. Thereports evaluating the impact of obesity on the obtained pathologic response to chemotherapy are unequal. The aim of the study was to evaluate in locally advanced breast cancer patients, treated with AT(doxorubicin plus docetaxel) neoadjuvant chemotherapy: 1. The relationship of obesity with obtaining pathological response. 2. The relationship of obesity and free of disease recurrence survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) associated with the tumour. A retrospective study was carried out in a group of 105 patients with locally advanced breast cancer, treated with AT neoadjuvant chemotherapy and then treated with radical surgery. Two variants of pathological response have been adopted: a pCR (T0N0) and pCR1 (TisN0, TxN1, T1N0, T1N1, T0N1). The relationship of obesity with pathological response and survival was investigated. In univariate analysis the pCR1 was obtained with its arising from the borderline of statistical significance with lower incidence of obesity. In pCR1 multivariate analysis, negative pCR1 relationship with obesity was on the borderline of the statistical significance. The multivariate analysis showed a significant negative association OS with obesity (p=0.047) and positive with the occurrence of menopause (p = 0.029). In patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with AT neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 1. Obesity seems to be an independent and unfavourable predictor of the lack of obtaining pCR1 pathological response 2. In the multivariate analysis, the obesity was a significant independent factor related to shorter OS.

New NOBOX mutations identified in a large cohort of women with primary ovarian insufficiency decrease KIT-L expression.

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a major cause of anovulation and infertility in women. This disease affects 1% of women before 40 years, and several genetic causes have been reported. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of NOBOX mutations in a new large cohort of women with POI and to characterize these variants and identify a NOBOX novel target gene. A total of 213 unrelated patients with POI were screened for NOBOX mutations, and luciferase reporter assays were performed for the mutations identified. We reported 3 novel and 2 recurrent heterozygous missense NOBOX rare variants found in 12 patients but not in 724 alleles from ethnic-matched individual women with occurrence of menopause at a normal age. Their functional impact had been tested on the classic growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9) promoter and on KIT-L, a new NOBOX target gene. The p.Gly91Thr, p.Gly111Arg, p.Arg117Trp, p.Lys371Thr, and p.Pro619Leu mutations were deleterious for protein function. In our series, 5.6% of the patients with POI displayed heterozygous NOBOX mutations. We demonstrate that KIT-L could be now a direct NOBOX target. These findings replicate the high prevalence of the association between the NOBOX rare variants and POI.

Ovarian germline stem cells

It has long been established that germline stem cells (GSCs) are responsible for lifelong gametogenesis in males, and some female invertebrates (for example, Drosophila) and lower vertebrates (for example, teleost fish and some prosimians) also appear to rely on GSCs to replenish their oocyte reserve in adulthood. However, the presence of such cells in the majority of female mammals is controversial, and the idea of a fixed ovarian reserve determined at birth is the prevailing belief among reproductive biologists. However, accumulating evidence demonstrates the isolation and culture of putative GSCs from the ovaries of adult mice and humans. Live offspring have been reportedly produced from the culture of adult mouse GSCs, and human GSCs formed primordial follicles using a mouse xenograft model. If GSCs were present in adult female ovaries, it could be postulated that the occurrence of menopause is not due to the exhaustion of a fixed supply of oocytes but instead is a result of GSC and somatic cell aging. Alternatively, they may be benign under normal physiological conditions. If their existence were confirmed, female GSCs could have many potential applications in both basic science and clinical therapies. GSCs not only may provide a valuable model for germ cell development and maturation but may have a role in the field of fertility preservation, with women potentially being able to store GSCs or GSC-derived oocytes from their own ovaries prior to infertility-inducing treatments. Essential future work in this field will include further independent corroboration of the existence of GSCs in female mammals and the demonstration of the production of mature competent oocytes from GSCs cultured entirely in vitro.

The role played by gender in viral hepatitis

Although not a classical target for estrogens, the liver is a target for their action and is sensitive to their deprivation. The occurrence of menopause is accompanied by a chain of events depending on the progressive estrogen deprivation that eventually leads to a shift from a low inflammatory to a high inflammatory state. This has a series of well-known consequences in many different organs and tissues (bone, heart, brain, body fat etc.) among which the liver is particularly interesting. The consequences are extremely evident in HCV-positive women in whom HCV infection and menopause cooperate to induce higher necro-inflammatory features, increased hepatic steatosis and eventually faster progression of fibrosis. In addition, menopause is the strongest negative factor for sustained viral response (SVR) in HCV-positive females, especially HCV genotype 1 (in whom menopause was the only independent factor for failure of antiviral therapy). This suggests that HCV-positive women should be treated early during fertile age to obtain maximal response to antiviral therapy.

Application of Survival Analysis in Studies of Human Ontogeny

The main goal of this work is to demonstrate the suitability of survival analysis for ontogenetic studies. The research material includes retrospective data of the age of the occurrence of ontogenetic events such as birth (N = 487), menarche (N = 2016) and menopause (N = 3597). In order to study the time of occurrence of ontogenetic events and to indicate the impact of environmental factors the survival analysis was applied. First, the percentiles of functions established for studied events were calculated. Next, the Kaplan-Meier survival curves were derived. In the last step theinfluence of environmental factors was established and the comparison of groups determined based on the chosen factors was performed. The delivery time shows that 14% of infants were bornpreterm. The risk of preterm delivery increases with the severity of factors disrupting pregnancy (from none to coexisting maternal and fetal risk factors) (; p ; p th and the 52nd years of life. The time of menopause occurrence is significantly depended on both of considered factors: the educational level and smoking cigarettes (, p < 0.001). Survival analysis is suitable for studies of the distribution in time of developmental events. It can be used to indicate the factors which significantly influence the course of development by modifying the duration of developmental stages.

Antimüllerian hormone as predictor of reproductive outcome in subfertile women with elevated basal follicle-stimulating hormone levels: a follow-up study

To investigate the role of serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH) as a predictor of live birth and reproductive stage in subfertile women with elevated basal FSH levels. A prospective observational cohort study conducted between February 2005 and June 2009. Tertiary fertility center. Subfertile women with [1] a regular menstrual cycle (mean cycle length 25-35 days); [2] basal FSH concentrations ≥12.3 IU/L; and [3] younger than 40 years (n = 96). None. Live birth and reproductive stage according to the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop. A cumulative live birth rate of 63.5% was observed during a median follow-up of 3.3 years (n = 85). The AMH level was significantly associated with live birth. There was evidence of a nonlinear prediction pattern, with an increase in chances of live birth until an AMH level of 1 μg/L. Other ovarian reserve tests and chronological age appeared of limited value in predicting live birth. In addition, AMH was significantly associated with the timing of reproductive stages (n = 68) (i.e., the occurrence of menopausal transition or menopause during follow-up). The present findings suggest applicability of AMH determination as a marker for actual fertility in subfertile women with elevated basal FSH levels.

The Relationship Between Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Women Receiving Fertility Assessments and Age at Menopause in Subfertile Women: Evidence From Large Population Studies

Context: Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) concentration reflects ovarian aging and is argued to be a useful predictor of age at menopause (AMP). It is hypothesized that AMH falling below a critical threshold corresponds to follicle depletion, which results in menopause. With this threshold, theoretical predictions of AMP can be made. Comparisons of such predictions with observed AMP from population studies support the role for AMH as a forecaster of menopause. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate whether previous relationships between AMH and AMP are valid using a much larger data set. Setting: AMH was measured in 27 563 women attending fertility clinics. Study Design: From these data a model of age-related AMH change was constructed using a robust regression analysis. Data on AMP from subfertile women were obtained from the population-based Prospect-European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (Prospect- EPIC) cohort (n � 2249). By constructing a probability distribution of age at which AMH falls below a critical threshold and fitting this to Prospect-EPIC menopausal age data using maximum likelihood, such a threshold was estimated. Main Outcome: The main outcome was conformity between observed and predicted AMP. Results: To get a distribution of AMH-predicted AMP that fit the Prospect-EPIC data, we found the critical AMH threshold should vary among women in such a way that women with low age-specific AMH would have lower thresholds, whereas women with high age-specific AMH would have higher thresholds (mean 0.075 ng/mL; interquartile range 0.038–0.15 ng/mL). Such a varying AMH threshold for menopause is a novel and biologically plausible finding. AMH became undetectable (�0.2 ng/mL) approximately 5 years before the occurrence of menopause, in line with a previous report. Conclusions: The conformity of the observed and predicted distributions of AMP supports the hypothesis that declining population averages of AMH are associated with menopause, making AMH an excellent candidate biomarker for AMP prediction. Further research will help establish the accuracy of AMH levels to predict AMP within individuals.

Atherogenic Index of Plasma: A significant indicator for the onset of Atherosclerosis During Menopause in Hypertensive Females of Southeast Nigeria

SUMMARY BACKGROUNDHypertension and menopause are independent risk factors for dyslipidaemia. In normotensive subjects, menopause causes significant alteration in lipid levels that may require medical intervention. It is thus expected that this alteration will become more relevant in hypertensive menopausal subjects. In our environment, diverse dietary, socioeconomic, and geographical variables might alter the expected pattern of deraignment.AIMS AND OBJECTIVESThis study aims to compare the total lipid profile and its subfractions in hypertensive premopausal and hypertensive postmenopausal subjects.MATERIALS AND METHODSThis is a comparative, cross sectional cohort study involving 116 hypertensive females (67 premenopausal and 49 postmenopausal) consecutively recruited over a two year period. Serum total cholesterol and its sub fractions, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglyceride, (TG) were estimated using standardized enzymatic and mathematical methods. Significant differences were analysed with student T –test using SPSS version 11 computer software.RESULTSThere were no statistically significant differences in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL and HDL/LDL ratio between the two groups (P&gt; 0.05). However there were statistically significant differences in triglycerides and the atherogenic index of plasma (P&lt;0.05).CONCLUSIONSimultaneous occurrence of menopause and hypertension leads to alteration in lipid profile that favours the use of triglyceride based indices (instead of HDL/LDL ratio) in determining the risk of developing atherosclerosis.