Occurrence Of Major Cardiovascular Events Research Articles

Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis, detected by computer tomography with coronary calcium score, and the occurrence of major cardiovascular events at 5 years of follow-up in a cohort of patients with systemic sclerosis

BackgroundSpreading data describe cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a growing cause of hospitalization in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. Although interstitial lung disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remain the principal causes of mortality, the presence of CVD has been shown to further increase mortality in SSc patients. Few and contrasting data are available on cardiovascular impairment, particularly of subclinical coronary arteries disease, in SSc patients. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the demographic, clinical, and cardiovascular differences between the groups of SSc patients with and without subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (SCA) assessed by coronary calcium score; 2) to verify the performance of cardiovascular risk scores in SSc for detection of SCA major cardiovascular events (MCVE); 3) to evaluate the risk factors associated to MCVE in 5 years of follow-up in this study group of patients. MethodsSixty-seven SSc patients were enrolled in this study. SCA was assessed using quantification of coronary calcium score by computerized tomography, reported as Agatson. Evaluation of common cardiovascular risk scores, carotid plaques by Doppler ultrasonography, the history of peripheral artery disease (PAD), lipid profiles, and clinical and laboratiristic characteristics of SSc were assessed at baseline visits for each patient. Factors associated with the presence of SCA were assessed by multivariate logistic analysis. A five years prospective study was performed for the evaluation of MCVE occurrence and its possible predictors. ResultsThe prevalence of SCA was 42% (Agatston scores of 266.04 ± 455.9 units) in our group of SSc patients. Patients with SCA were principally older (p = 0.0001) and had higher rates of CENP-B antibodies (57% vs 26%; p = 0.009), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (25% vs 3%; p = 0.008), dysphagia (86% vs 61%; p = 0.027), and users of statins (36% vs 8%; p = 0.004), carotid plaque (82% vs 13%; p = 0.0001), PAD (79% vs 18%; p = 0.0001), and metabolic syndrome (25% vs 0%; p = 0.002) than patients without SCA. Metabolic syndrome (OR: 8.2, p = 0.0001), presence of a PAD (OR: 5.98, p = 0.031), and carotid plaque (OR: 5.49, p = 0.010) were the main factors associated with SCA in SSc patients, by multivariate regression analysis. MCVE occurred in 7 patients. By multivariate COX regression analysis unique predictor of MCVE in 5 years of follow-up in our SSc patients was the presence of PAH (HR: 10.33, p = 0.009). Of note, the contemporary presence of PAH and SCA (defined as "not pure" pattern of PAH) was observed in 71% of patients with the occurrence of MCVE ConclusionThis study evidenced the high presence of the new “not pure” pattern of PAH, which could worsen the outcome in SSc in a medium-term (5 years) observation period. Furthermore, our data confirmed a higher cardiovascular impairment in SSc due to the presence of both SCA, mainly associated with typical cardiovascular risk factors, and PAH, life-threatening complications of SSc, that is the principal cause of the occurrence of MCVE in our SSc patients. A careful assessment of cardiovascular involvement in SSc and a more aggressive therapeutic strategy for preventing CAD and treating PAH should be highly suggested to reduce MCVE in SSc patients.

Major Cardiovascular Events After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Hematoma Location

Survivors of spontaneous (ie, nontraumatic and with no known structural cause) intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have an increased risk of major cardiovascular events (MACEs), including recurrent ICH, ischemic stroke (IS), and myocardial infarction (MI). Only limited data are available from large, unselected population studies assessing the risk of MACEs according to index hematoma location. To examine the risk of MACEs (ie, the composite of ICH, IS, spontaneous intracranial extra-axial hemorrhage, MI, systemic embolism, or vascular death) after ICH based on ICH location (lobar vs nonlobar). This cohort study identified 2819 patients in southern Denmark (population of 1.2 million) 50 years or older hospitalized with first-ever spontaneous ICH from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. Intracerebral hemorrhage was categorized as lobar or nonlobar, and the cohorts were linked to registry data until the end of 2018 to identify the occurrence of MACEs and separately recurrent ICH, IS, and MI. Outcome events were validated using medical records. Associations were adjusted for potential confounders using inverse probability weighting. Location of ICH (lobar vs nonlobar). The main outcomes were MACEs and separately recurrent ICH, IS, and MI. Crude absolute event rates per 100 person-years and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% CIs were calculated. Data were analyzed from February to September 2022. Compared with patients with nonlobar ICH (n = 1255; 680 [54.2%] men and 575 [45.8%] women; mean [SD] age, 73.5 [11.4] years), those with lobar ICH (n = 1034; 495 [47.9%] men and 539 [52.1%] women, mean [SD] age, 75.2 [10.7] years) had higher rates of MACEs per 100 person-years (10.84 [95% CI, 9.51-12.37] vs 7.91 [95% CI, 6.93-9.03]; aHR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.10-1.44) and recurrent ICH (3.74 [95% CI, 3.01-4.66] vs 1.24 [95% CI, 0.89-1.73]; aHR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.97-3.49) but not IS (1.45 [95% CI, 1.02-2.06] vs 1.77 [95% CI, 1.34-2.34]; aHR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.60-1.10) or MI (0.42 [95% CI, 0.22-0.81] vs 0.64 [95% CI, 0.40-1.01]; aHR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.38-1.09). In this cohort study, spontaneous lobar ICH was associated with a higher rate of subsequent MACEs than nonlobar ICH, primarily due to a higher rate of recurrent ICH. This study highlights the importance of secondary ICH prevention strategies in patients with lobar ICH.

Fibrosis of Peritoneal Membrane, Molecular Indicators of Aging and Frailty Unveil Vulnerable Patients in Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis.

Peritoneal membrane status, clinical data and aging-related molecules were investigated as predictors of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) outcomes. A 5-year prospective study was conducted with the following endpoints: (a) PD failure and time until PD failure, (b) major cardiovascular event (MACE) and time until MACE. A total of 58 incident patients with peritoneal biopsy at study baseline were included. Peritoneal membrane histomorphology and aging-related indicators were assessed before the start of PD and investigated as predictors of study endpoints. Fibrosis of the peritoneal membrane was associated with MACE occurrence and earlier MACE, but not with the patient or membrane survival. Serum α-Klotho bellow 742 pg/mL was related to the submesothelial thickness of the peritoneal membrane. This cutoff stratified the patients according to the risk of MACE and time until MACE. Uremic levels of galectin-3 were associated with PD failure and time until PD failure. This work unveils peritoneal membrane fibrosis as a window to the vulnerability of the cardiovascular system, whose mechanisms and links to biological aging need to be better investigated. Galectin-3 and α-Klotho are putative tools to tailor patient management in this home-based renal replacement therapy.

Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes of uric acid-lowering therapy in patients with different kidney functions: study protocol for a systematic review, pairwise and network meta-analysis

IntroductionHyperuricaemia has been implicated in the development of kidney function in populations with chronic kidney disease; however, the benefits of urate-lowering therapy (ULT) remain uncertain in different clinical studies. The...

Long-term predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in NSTE-ACS Algerian patients: Five-year follow-up

Risk assessment of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) is the primordial step of management. Identification and analysis of predictive factors of long-term major cardiovascular events in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes in an Algerian population. Prospective study including all patients admitted to our cardiology department for NSTE-acute coronary syndrome between November 01, 2015 and October 31, 2016 having benefited from a systematic invasive attitude with an average follow-up spanning more than 5 years, antecedents, risk factors, clinical, electrical, biological, echocardiographic and angiographic elements are collected individually and with the calculation of different risk scores (Grace, TIMI, PURSUIT, FRISC, HEART scores …) and angiographic scores (Syntax score, Jeopardy score, Duke coronary index, Gensini score …), MACCE at five-year, as well as global and cardiovascular mortality are correlated with the different elements and scores in an univariate, multivariate analysis, survival Kaplan–Meier curve, curve of occurrence of MACCE and ROC curve. Of the 296 patients included, we were able to ensure long-term follow-up in 274 patients (22 patients lost to follow-up/non-consenting, 7.4%) the rate of MACCE at 5 years is 35.0%, and the mortality rates of cardiovascular and global origin at 5 years were 15.7% and 18.6% respectively. The prognostic factors correlated with cardiovascular mortality at 5 years are age (per decade) OR at 1.56 (CI: 1.03–2.36, P < 0.036), renal function OR at 2.73 (CI: 1.24–6.0, P < 0.013), BNP > 300 pg/mL OR at 4.39 (CI: 1.93–9.98, P < 10−3), LVEF OR at 2.57 (CI: 1.38–4.80, P < 0.003) and carotid IMT OR at 4.72 (CI: 1.86–12.0, P < 0.001). The prognostic factors correlated with the occurrence of major cardiovascular events at 5 years are age (per decade) OR at 1.28 (CI: 1.01–1.63, P < 0.048), diabetes OR at 1.76 (CI: 1.02–3.04, P < 0.041), a Q wave of necrosis on the ECG (sequel) OR at 3.39 (CI: 1.61–7.12, P < 0.001), renal function OR at 2.57 (CI: 1.38–4.80, P < 0.013) and positive troponins OR at 1.91 (CI: 1.07–3.41, P < 0.029) (Fig. 1). This real-life study allowed us to identify relevant prognostic markers that allow us to guide therapeutic attitude: identified patients’ candidates for prolonged DAPT and made orientation for both primary and secondary prevention.

Long-term prognostic value of changes in left ventricular global longitudinal strain in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) has emerged as a more sensitive index than LV ejection fraction (LVEF) for detecting subclinical LV dysfunction. We examined whether changes in GLS values are associated with the long-term prognosis of patients with a preserved LVEF and acute decompensated heart failure (HF). We studied 100 consecutive patients (mean age: 71years) who were hospitalized for HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and had a preserved LVEF (≥ 50%) in both the acute and stable phases. We performed two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in the acute (GLS-acute) and stable (GLS-stable) phases at a median of 2 and 347days after admission, respectively, and calculated the rate of change of the absolute value of GLS-stable with respect to that of GLS-acute. An improved GLS was defined as a rate of change in GLS ≥ 16%, and a non-improved GLS was a rate of change < 16%. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (MACE). During a mean follow-up period of 1218days, MACE occurred in 26 patients, including 8 all-cause deaths and 18 readmissions for HF. The rate of change in GLS for patients with MACE was lower than compared to those without MACE (10.6% vs 26.0%, p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated the rate of change in GLS was an independent predictor of MACE (p < 0.001). A non-improved GLS was correlated with a high risk of MACE. Changes in GLS values could be useful for the long-term risk stratification of patients hospitalized for HFpEF and persistently preserved LVEF.

The additive predictive value of arterial stiffness for outcome to endothelial glycocalyx and SCORE in middle age individuals: 6 years follow-up

Abstract Background/Aim Arterial stiffness is involved in the clinical course of atherogenesis. We have previously shown that PBR, a marker of glycocalyx integrity is predictor of cardiovascular events in patients without established cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether altered arterial properties of the vessels confers predictively and additively to estimation of cardiovascular risk. Methods Pulse wave velocity carotid-femoral (PWVc-f), the gold standard method to assess arterial stiffness, was measured non-invasively by Complior device. Increased PWV(c-f), especially above 10 m/s, indicates increased arterial stiffness. We measured baseline PWV(c-f) in 600 apparently healthy subjects (47.61±13.84 years old, 50.1% males), without established cardiovascular disease. We prospectively monitored the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (MACE-death, myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure hospitalization) during a 6-year follow-up period using electronic records and clinic visits. Results Fifty-seven MACEs were documented during follow-up. In univariate analysis, subjects with increased PWV were found to exert greater risk for MACEs (hazard ratio (HR): 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.17, p=0.01). In all subjects, PWV predicted higher risk for MACEs in a model including PBR, sex, age, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, current smoking, family history of coronary artery disease and treatment with ACEi/ARBs or lipid lowering agents (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04–1.17, p=0.029,net reclassification improvement (NRI): 23%; C-statistic: from 0.644 to 0.697). However, only in participants older than 50 years old, PWV was an independent and additive predictor of outcome when added in a model including PBR, SCORE, those risk factors not included in SCORE (diabetes, family history of CAD) and medication (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02–1.13, NRI: 23.8%, C-statistic increase from 0.703 to 0.762, p&amp;lt;0.01). Conclusion Arterial stiffness is an independent and additive predictor to endothelial glycocalyx and SCORE for adverse outcome at 6 years follow-up in individuals over 50 years old. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Impact of renal failure and high-platelet reactivity on major cardiovascular ischemic events among patients with acute coronary syndrome receiving dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor.

No study has so far evaluated the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on high-on treatment platelet reactivity (HRPR) with ticagrelor and their prognostic consequences, that were therefore the aim of the present study. Patients on dual antiplatelet therapy with ASA+ticagrelor (90mg/twice a day) after percutaneous coronary revascularization for ACS were scheduled for platelet function assessment 30-90 days post-discharge. The primary study endpoint was defined as the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (a composite of cardiovascular death, recurrent acute coronary syndrome (MI), target vessel revascularization) at the longest available follow-up. We included 396 patients, that were divided according to CKD (eGFR <or≥ 60 mL/min). Mean platelet reactivity was comparable irrespective of renal function Prevalence of high platelet reactivity (HRPR) on Ticagrelor was similar among patients with or without CKD (9.7% vs. 11.8%, P=0.84). At a mean follow-up of 939±581.4 days, 21.2% of the patients experienced the primary composite endpoint, with a similar rate of events in patients CKD or normal renal function (22.2% vs. 21.2% HR [95%CI]= 0.92[0.52-1.61], P=0.77), and no difference in survival, ischemic and bleeding endpoints. After correction for baseline differences CKD did not emerge as an independent predictor of either HRPR (adjusted OR [95%CI]=0.47 [0.18;1.25], P=0.13) or MACE (adjusted HR [95%CI]=0.66 [0.34-1.29] P=0.18). In the present study we demonstrated that among ACS patients on DAPT with ASA and ticagrelor after PCI, renal failure is not associated with a higher rate of HRPR or to an increased risk of mortality or major ischemic and bleeding events.

Long-Term Outcomes With Drug-Eluting Balloon for the Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis and De Novo Lesions: The Novara-Biella-Trento (NOBITRE) Registry.

Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) have emerged for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) of in-stent restenosis or particular anatomical subsets. We provide a real-world analysis of the prognostic determinants and long-term outcomes of patients treated with DCB for any lesion in a comprehensive multicenter registry. The primary study endpoint was the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (MACE: composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization) at the longest available follow-up. We included 267 patients (196 treated for in-stent restenosis and 71 for de novo lesions), with a median follow-up of 616 [368-1025] days. MACE occurred in 70 (26.2%) of the patients and related with higher rates of in-stent restenosis (P = .04), longer and more type C lesions (P = .05 and P = .04). At multivariate Cox-regression, type C lesions emerged as the only independent predictor of MACE (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 1.83[1.13-2.97], P = .014), mainly driven by target vessel revascularization (adjusted OR[95% CI] = 1.78[1.05-2.95], P = .03) not conditioning survival. In-stent restenosis emerged as major determinant of TLF (adjusted OR[95% CI] = 2.59[1.17-5.75], P = .02). DCBs represent a treatment option for any lesion; however, type C and restenotic lesions are associated with an increased risk of MACE and target lesion failure, where the optimal strategies for patients' selection and lesion preparation are still undefined.

Long-term renal and cardiovascular outcome of living kidney donors: A single-center retrospective observation study

BackgroundThe nephrectomy for donation reduces the renal parenchyma and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). It is important to understand the clinical consequences of kidney donation by a living donor.MethodsIn this single-center, observational, retrospective study, we defined the renal and cardiovascular outcomes of living kidney donors. We analyzed data of 124 donors who donated at the Kidney Transplant Center (TC) of Bari between February 2002 and December 2018. Biometric data collected at visit 0, that is, at the time of the study of the donor candidate, and at visit 1, or rather at the last nephrological checkup (October-2018/August-2019) were compared.ResultsAn overall drop in GFR of 29 mL/min was observed over the analyzed period of 81+/-59 months. At visit 1, two donors developed chronic renal failure, including one in ESKD who underwent a kidney transplant. No relationship between age at donation and GFR drop was found. A trend toward an increase in obese people was reported; 28% of patients had compensated dyslipidemia and 35% were treated for hypertension. During the follow-up time, 3% had major cardiovascular events and 24% were lost to follow-up. One patient died.ConclusionThe age of the donor does not represent a basic element for reducing GFR or for the occurrence of major cardiovascular events. Furthermore, older donor candidates, in optimal health, should not be excluded from the donation. It is important to promote careful and timely follow-up of the donor, preventing the most common clinical consequences of nephrectomy, in consideration of the poor compliance of a large part of donors over the long-term post-donation period.

Comparison of Sleeve Gastrectomy vs Intensive Lifestyle Modification in Patients With a BMI of 30 to Less Than 35

There is a lack of studies evaluating sleeve gastrectomy compared with intensive lifestyle treatment in patients with class 1 obesity (body mass index [BMI] 30 to <35 [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared]). To compare outcomes and safety of sleeve gastrectomy compared with intensive nonoperative obesity treatment in patients with class 1 obesity. This matched, nationwide cohort study included patients with class 1 obesity who underwent a sleeve gastrectomy or intensive lifestyle treatment between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2017, and who were registered in the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry or the Itrim health database. Participants with class 1 obesity were matched 1:2 using a propensity score including age, sex, BMI, treatment year, education level, income, cardiovascular disease, and use of antibiotic drugs, antidepressants, and anxiolytics. Sleeve gastrectomy or intensive lifestyle treatment. Outcomes included weight loss after intervention, changes in metabolic comorbidities, substance use disorders, self-harm, and major cardiovascular events retrieved from the National Patient Register, Prescribed Drug Register, and Cause of Death Register as well as the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry and the Itrim health database. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2021 until May 31, 2022. The study included 1216 surgery patients and 2432 lifestyle participants with similar mean (SD) BMI (32.8 [1.4] vs 32.9 [1.4]), mean (SD) age (42.4 [9.7] vs 42.6 [12.7] years), and sex (1091 [89.7%] vs 2191 [90.1%] women). Surgery patients had greater 1-year weight loss compared with controls (22.9 kg vs 11.9 kg; mean difference, 10.7 kg; 95% CI, 10.0-11.5 kg; P < .001). Over a median follow-up of 5.1 years (IQR, 3.9-6.2 years), surgery patients had a lower risk of incident use of diabetes drugs (59.7 vs 100.4 events per 10 000 person-years; hazard ratio [HR], 0.60; 95% CI, 0.39-0.92; P = .02) and greater 2-year diabetes drug remission (48.4% vs 22.0%; risk difference 26.4%; 95% CI, 11.7%-41.0%; P < .001), but higher risk for substance use disorder (94 vs 50 events per 10 000 person-years; HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.30-2.67; P < .001) and self-harm (45 vs 25 events per 10 000 person-years; HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.09-3.01; P = .02). No between-group difference in occurrence of major cardiovascular events was observed (23.4 vs 24.8 events per 10 000 person-years; HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.49-1.91; P = .92). In this cohort study, compared with intensive nonoperative obesity treatment, sleeve gastrectomy in patients with class 1 obesity was associated with greater weight loss, diabetes prevention, and diabetes remission but a higher incidence of substance use disorder and self-harm.

A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial of an Integrated Healthcare Model for Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.

An increasing number of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with an aging population are demanding available and effective out-of-hospital continuous healthcare services. However, great efforts still need to be made to promote out-of-hospital healthcare services for better CHD secondary prevention. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a hospital-community-family (HCF)-based integrated healthcare model on treatment outcomes, treatment compliance, and quality of life (QoL) in CHD patients. A quasi-randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, a tertiary A-level hospital, Wuhan, China from January 2018 to January 2020 in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines. CHD patients were enrolled from the hospital and quasi-randomly assigned to either HCF-based integrated healthcare model services or conventional healthcare services. The treatment outcomes and QoL were observed at the 12-month follow-up. Treatment compliance was observed at the 1-month and 12-month follow-ups. A total of 364 CHD patients were quasi-randomly assigned to either integrated healthcare model services (n = 190) or conventional healthcare services (n = 174). Treatment outcomes including relapse and readmission rate (22.6% vs 41.9%; relative risk [RR] = 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.74; p = 0.0031), the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (19.5% vs 45.4%; RR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.30-0.59; p = 0.0023), complication rate (19.5% vs 35.0%; RR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.39-0.79; p = 0.0042), and the control rate of CHD risk factors (p 0.05, average p = 0.009) at the 12-month follow-up in the intervention group were better than those of the control group. There was no significant difference in treatment compliance at the 1-month follow-up between groups (p 0.05, average p = 0.872). Treatment compliance at the 12-month follow-up in the intervention group, including correct medication, reasonable diet, adherence to exercise, emotional control, self-monitoring, and regular re-examination, was higher than that of the control group (p 0.05, average p = 0.007). No difference was found in the compliance with smoking cessation and alcohol restriction at the 12-month follow-up between groups (p = 0.043). QoL at the 12-month follow-up in the intervention group was better than that of the control group (86.31 9.39 vs 73.02 10.70, p = 0.0048). The integrated healthcare model effectively improves treatment outcomes, long-term treatment compliance, and QoL of patients, and could be implemented as a feasible strategy for CHD secondary prevention.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ADMISSION BLOOD PRESSURE, INCIDENT CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AND EARLY MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH REVASCULARIZED CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA

Objective: Patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) present a high-risk of cardiovascular events and death. Hypertension is one of the most prevalent risk factors in this population. This study investigated the association between blood pressure (BP) level at hospital admission, major cardiovascular events (MACE) and one-year mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous revascularization for CLI. Design and method: This retrospective analysis of an ongoing cohort study included 285 consecutive patients ospitalised from November 2013 to December 2018. Major cardiovascular events, defined as heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke and sudden death, were collected during the first year following revascularization. Multivariate analysis identified factors independently associated with MACE occurrence and one-year mortality. A p &lt; = 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study included 157 men (55%) and 128 women (45%), mean age of 77.8 ± 12 years. Treated hypertension was present in 222 (78%) patients (admission systolic BP 132 (±18.2) mmHg, diastolic BP 69.9 (±7.79) mmHg, pulse pressure 62.3 (±15.8) mmHg and mean BP 90.7 (±9.77) mmHg); diabetes was present in 137 (48%) patients; 112 (39%) patients had known coronary heart disease (CHD) and 20 (7%) patients were dialysis dependent. During one-year follow-up after revascularization, 75 (26.3%) patients presented a MACE. Peri-operative mortality rate was 4% (12 patients, of whom 6 patients died from MACE). At one-year, cumulative mortality rate was 26.7% (76 patients) mostly from MACE. Twenty-three patients (8%) experienced major limb amputation. In multivariate analysis, the occurrence of MACE was associated with an increased mortality risk (HR 7.06 (2.99–17.51), p&lt;0.001). Of the four BP indexes, systolic BP (p = 0.01), mean BP (p = 0.02), pulse pressure (p = 0.02), but not diastolic BP, were significantly and inversely correlated with 1-year mortality. Decompensated heart failure and CHD were both associated with incident MACE in multivariate analysis, independently of confounders. Conclusions: Incident MACE were prevalent in the year following endovascular procedure in patients with CLI and were associated with an increased risk of mortality. There is an inverse association between admission BP and one-year mortality, independently of the occurrence of MACE. Decompensated heart failure and CHD are important contributors for the occurrence of MACE.

Higher Risk of Early and Late Failure to Rescue From a Major Cardiovascular Event in Patients With Prior Coronary Revascularization Undergoing Lower Extremity Bypass Surgery for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia

Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients undergoing management of CLTI are known to have a history of CAD or prior coronary revascularization. This study aims to investigate the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (MACE) in CLTI and failure to rescue after MACE.

P69 LONG–TERM OUTCOMES WITH DRUG–ELUTING BALLOONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF IN–STENT RESTENOSIS AND DE NOVO LESIONS

Abstract Introduction Drug coated balloons (DCB) have emerged for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and mainly for in–stent restenosis or particular anatomies. However, the indications and the predictors of long–term failure of DCB have been poorly evaluated besides small–sized randomized clinical trials. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to provide a real–world analysis of the prognostic determinants and long–term outcomes among patients treated with DCB for any type of lesion and included in a comprehensive multicenter registry. Methods We included patients undergoing coronary angiography and PCI with DCB for in–stent restenosis or de novo lesions in 3 centers. Quantitative parameters for coronary lesions were calculated by an automatic edge–detection system. The primary study endpoint was the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (a composite of death, MI and target vessel revascularization) at the longest available follow–up. Secondary endpoints were the individual components of the primary endpoint, target lesion failure (TLF) or any acute coronary syndrome. Results Out of 281 patients treated with DCB, the 267 displaying a follow–up &amp;gt; 12 months were included, of whom 196 treated for in–stent restenosis and 71 with de novo lesions. At a median follow–up of 616 [368–1025] days, MACE occurred in 70 (26.2%) of the patients. No difference in clinical, demographic of angiographic features was observed between patients with or without an event, with the exception of a higher rate of in–stent restenosis (p = 0.04), longer and more type C lesions (p = 0.05 and p = 0.04) related with MACE. At multivariate Cox–regression, type C lesions emerged as the only independent predictor of MACE (adjusted OR[95%CI]= 1.83[1.13–2.97], p = 0.014), mainly driven by target vessel revascularization (adjusted OR[95%CI]= 1.78[1.05–2.95], p = 0.03) although not conditioning survival. However, in–stent restenosis emerged as a major determinant of TLF (adjusted OR[95%CI]= 2.59[1.17–5.75], p = 0.02). Conclusion The present registry shows that drug–coated balloons represent a potential treatment strategy even for de–novo lesions, especially in less complex cases. In fact, we observed an increased risk of MACE and target lesion failure in case of type C and restenotic lesions.

The Prognostic Value of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Depression

PurposePatients with the comorbidity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and depression are very common and always have poor prognosis. The relationship between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and major cardiovascular event (MACE) in these patients is still unknown. We aimed to explore this association.Patients and MethodsWe enrolled 203 CAD patients proven by coronary angiography (CAG). In the meanwhile, they were all assessed to have depression symptom by professional psycho-cardiologists. After an average follow-up of 23.7 months, patients were divided into two groups (high TSH group with TSH ≥ 1.395μIU/mL and low TSH group with TSH < 1.395μIU/mL) according to the cut-off value of baseline TSH. The impact of two different TSH groups for adverse events in CAD patients with depression was evaluated.ResultsThe average age of these patients was 64.9 years old. The two TSH groups had no significant difference in the comparison of other baseline data. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) analysis indicated the well-discriminatory power of TSH levels for the occurrence of MACE (AUC = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.52–0.70, P = 0.03). In the KM survival analysis, high TSH group had a higher risk of MACE (P = 0.029). After multi-factor adjustment, there still existed a higher risk of MACE in high TSH group (HR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.08–3.88, P = 0.028).ConclusionIn patients with the comorbidity of CAD and depression, higher TSH levels are associated with the occurrence of MACE. More researches need to be conducted to prove this association and explore whether the drug-related TSH reduction can decrease the occurrence of adverse events in the future.

Failing to palpate femoral pulses in adult hypertensive patients may lead to diagnostic wandering and major cerebrovascular events in cases of undetected aortic coarctation

In developed countries, aortic coarctation (AC) is generally diagnosed by fetal echocardiography during the third trimester of pregnancy, or during the neonatal period based on the absence of femoral pulses or the presence of a left supraclavicular systolic murmur. However, AC may be diagnosed late, such as in adult migrants arriving from developing countries without documented medical history although they may require healthcare support during their stay. We report three cases of the incidental diagnosis of thoracic aortic malformations in adults (27, 38 and 43 years) referred for the management of uncontrolled high blood pressure, with major cerebrovascular events for the two oldest. Doppler ultrasound imaging indicated for suspected renal artery stenosis and atheroma lesions revealed abnormal lower-body and normal upper-body arterial blood flow velocity waveforms constitutive of a pathognomonic hemodynamic pattern of AC, a diagnostic which was in all three cases confirmed by multidetector computed tomography-angiography. None of these patients had undergone complete cardiovascular examination, particularly with effective peripheral pulse palpation, during the period preceding the occurrence of major cardiovascular events or at any other time after birth. Our observation suggests that a simple medical examination could have prevented diagnostic wandering and, possibly, the occurrence of severe cerebrovascular complications in two of these three patients.

Triglycerides-glucose index and the risk of cardiovascular events in persons with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease.

ABSTRACTBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with high rates of cardiovascular events. We here explored whether the recently described triglycerides–glucose index (TyG) predicted the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in these patients.MethodsThis observationa study was undertaken of 1142 persons with CKD and free from diabetes and 460 controls from the prospective NEFRONA study. The study exposure was the TyG index at cohort inclusion. The study outcome was MACE (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke and hospitalization for unstable angina). Covariates included demographics, comorbidities, lipid profile, renal function and glycaemic control. Cox regression models evaluated the association between TyG index and 4-point MACE in patients with CKD.ResultsTyG was higher [median 8.63 (interquartile range 8.32–8.95)] in patients with CKD compared with controls (P < 0.001). TyG increased across albuminuria categories but was similar for glomerular filtration rate categories among patients with CKD stages 3–5. During 46 ± 13 months of follow-up, 49 (4.3%) MACE were registered. TyG predicted the occurrence of MACE {hazard ratio (HR) 1.95 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–3.40] per TyG unit increase; and HR 2.29 (95% CI 1.24–4.20] for TyG values above the median of 8.63 units}. Sensitivity analysis for subgroups of participants according to age, kidney function, body mass index and imaging evidence of atherosclerosis yielded similar results, as did adjusted analysis. Neither triglycerides nor glucose alone was associated with MACE.ConclusionsThe TyG index is associated with the occurrence of major cardiovascular events in persons free from diabetes with non-dialysis dependent CKD.

Prognostic value of ST segment elevation in aVR in patients with non ST elevation myocardial infarction

Although the presence of an ST segment elevation in the aVR lead was more common in patients with multivessel and/or left main disease, its long-term prognostic value is poorly understood. This study aims to describe the association of an ST segment elevation in AVR with the occurrence of MACE following a non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). A total of 340 patients admitted for NSTEMI were included. Patients were classified as having an ST elevation or having a normal ST segment in aVR based on the admission ECG. The primary endpoint was the onset of major cardiovascular events (MACE) at 1 year. Among 340 patients, 20 patients (5.3%) had ST segment elevation in aVR. Patients with ST elevation had a higher rate of multivessel disease. The ST elevation in AVR was not an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with NSTEMI (OR: 6.58, 95% CI 1.23-30.22 P = 0.061). However, patients with ST segment elevation in aVR had a higher rate of MACE at 1 year (38% vs. 13%, P = 0.03). The ST segment elevation was an independent predictor of MACE at 1 year (OR 4.31; 95% CI 1.3-14.32; P = 0.03). Based on these results, the ST segment elevation, as a simple marker, appears to be an independent predictor of MACE at 1 year in patients admitted with NSTEMI and may be a useful endpoint in risk stratification for the occurrence of MACE in these patients.

30\xa0day predicted outcome in undifferentiated chest pain: multicenter validation of the HEART score in Tunisian population

BackgroundChest pain remains one of the most challenging serious complaints in the emergency department (ED). A prompt and accurate risk stratification tool for chest pain patients is paramount to help physcian effectively progrnosticate outcomes. HEART score is considered one of the best scores for chest pain risk stratification. However, most validation studies of HEART score were not performed in populations different from those included in the original one.ObjectiveTo validate HEART score as a prognostication tool, among Tunisian ED patients with undifferentiated chest pain.MethodsOur prospective, multicenter study enrolled adult patients presenting with chest pain at chest pain units. Patients over 30 years of age with a primary complaint of chest pain were enrolled. HEART score was calculated for every patient. The primary outcome was major cardiovascular events (MACE) occurrence, including all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and coronary revascularisation over 30 days following the ED visit. The discriminative power of HEART score was evaluated by the area under the ROC curve. A calibration analysis of the HEART score in this population was performed using Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of test.ResultsWe enrolled 3880 patients (age 56.3; 59.5% males). The application of HEART score showed that most patients were in intermediate risk category (55.3%). Within 30 days of ED visit, MACE were reported in 628 (16.2%) patients, with an incidence of 1.2% in the low risk group, 10.8% in the intermediate risk group and 62.4% in the high risk group. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.87 (95% CI 0.85–0.88). HEART score was not well calibrated (χ2 statistic = 12.34; p = 0.03).ConclusionHEART score showed a good discrimination performance in predicting MACE occurrence at 30 days for Tunisian patients with undifferentiated acute chest pain. Heart score was not well calibrated in our population.