Occurrence Of Incidents Research Articles

Patient positioning on the operating table and patient safety: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To identify occurrence of harmful incidents related to patient positioning on operating table. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eight databases including Ovid, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar were systematically searched from the inception of the databases to August 2023. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram depicting the flow information. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools were used to assess the risk of bias. Risk of harm with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated for each included study, and an overall risk was calculated using meta-analysis. Of the 22 included reports, two were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), five had a prospective cohort design, three had a cross-sectional design, and 12 were register-based studies. Intraoperative peripheral nerve injuries, perioperative pressure ulcers, musculoskeletal injuries, vascular injuries, postoperative pain and eye injuries were related to supine, lithotomy, Trendelenburg, prone and beach chair positioning. Overall risk of any harm was estimated as 0.2%. Studies with patients placed in prone positioning (8 study samples) had the highest risks of harm varying from 0.19 to 0.81, with an overall risk of 0.33. Meta-analysis of the two RCTs showed higher risk of chemosis with head-down positioning than with head in neutral position (overall relative risk = 1.64; 95% CI: [1.25, 2.14]). Harmful incidents related to patient positioning occur and consequences can be severe. The operating room teams should be aware of the harms and prevent and treat them seriously. This review underlines that research is sparse on patient positioning on operating table and harmful incidents. There is a need for high-quality, well-designed studies that focus on harmful incidents and prevention of harm related to patient positioning. No patient or public contribution, as this is a review of previous research.

STGAFormer: Spatial–temporal Gated Attention Transformer based Graph Neural Network for traffic flow forecasting

Traffic flow prediction is a critical component of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). However, the dynamic temporal variations in traffic flow, especially in potential occurrence of unexpected incidents, pose challenges to the prediction of traffic flow. This paper proposes a Spatial–temporal Gated Attention Transformer (STGAFormer) model based Graph Neural Network(GNN), leveraging the encoder architecture of the transformer. The gated temporal self-attention in the model, a novel module, can improve the model’s ability to make long-term predictions and handle sudden traffic incidents by enhancing the extraction of both local and global temporal features. Additionally, this paper proposes a distance spatial self-attention module to extract spatial features, which employs thresholding to selectively identify crucial features from both nearby and distant regions. In this way, the model’s ability to assimilate critical spatial information is promoted. Moreover, our model incorporates a diverse range of inputs, including traffic flow attributes, periodicity, proximity adjacency matrix, and adaptive adjacency matrix. Experiments from four real datasets demonstrate that STGAFormer achieves state-of-the-art performance, especially the MAE value of the PeMS08 dataset experiment is improved by 3.82%. This method offers valuable insights and robust support for future transportation planning.

A New Early Warning Method of Train Tracking Interval Based on CTC

For railway operations worldwide, train rear-end collision accidents occasionally occur, resulting in heavy casualties and property loss. To avoid the occurrence of such incidents, a novel early warning method of train tracking interval based on centralized traffic control (CTC), or simply CTC interval prewarning, is proposed. When combined with the existing automatic train protection (ATP), the monitoring of train tracking interval is doubled. The proposed method calculates the minimum safety interval in real time and compares it with the actual spatial distance. When the actual spatial distance is less than the minimum safety interval, particularly when the ATP is at fault, the proposed method is capable of raising the alert and taking control measures to effectively avoid rear-end collision accidents. At the same time, this method displaces the manual supervision of train operation, thereby relieving labor intensity, and improves the effectiveness of supervision. This paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility of the proposed CTC interval prewarning method and explains the basic architecture of the system, data acquisition, tracking interval calculation, prewarning rules, and implementation. The CTC tracking interval calculation model has been established, and the table of warning distance of the different train speeds has been calculated. The reliability model of the train control system (TCS) has been established based on the CTC interval prewarning method, which is used to analyze the reliability and safety of the TCS.

FMEA-based risk management improves the ability of oral healthcare personnel to prevent needlestick injuries.

To explore the application value of the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method in the risk management of needlestick injuries among oral healthcare personnel. A total of 37 healthcare workers from the dental department of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, were selected as study subjects. Routine risk management procedures were followed from January 2021 to December 2021, serving as the control group, while FMEA-based risk management was implemented from January 2022 to December 2022, representing the research group. The Risk Priority Number (RPN) was calculated, and interventions were implemented for the top five identified failure modes. The RPN score, incidence of needlestick injuries, healthcare personnel's knowledge and awareness levels, prevention behavior, and rate of satisfaction with management were compared between the two groups. FMEA-based risk management identified weak knowledge of protection, disorganized placement of sharp instruments, failure to adhere to operational standards, improper operational procedures, and insufficient regulations for preventing needlestick injuries as the top five failure modes. The RPN scores for these modes were significantly lower in the research group (P<0.05). The research group also experienced a lower frequency and incidence of needlestick injury (P<0.05), along with higher levels of healthcare knowledge, awareness of prevention, and prevention behavior (P<0.05). Additionally, satisfaction with management was higher in the research group compared to the control group (P<0.05). FMEA-based risk management can improve the ability of oral healthcare personnel to prevent needlestick injury, reduce the occurrence of such incidents, and enhance satisfaction with management. This approach holds promise for wider adoption.

Ignition and fire-related incidents caused by lithium-ion batteries in waste treatment facilities in Japan and countermeasures

Ignition and other fire-related incidents have been increasing at municipal waste treatment and small waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) recycling facilities in Japan. To understand the current status of lithium-ion battery (LIB)-caused ignition and other incidents and to provide information necessary for countermeasures, we conducted interviews at municipal treatment facilities, did real-time monitoring at a treatment facility, and surveyed LIB mixed in non-combustible waste. Several treatment facilities had more than 0.1 ignition and other incidents per tonne of non-combustible and bulky waste collected in FY2020. These accidents were attributed to LIBs in 80–90 % of the cases, primarily because of physical impact on the LIBs during the crushing/shredding stage, even though LIB-containing small WEEE accounted for only about 0.3 % of the total weight of non-combustible waste. The best way to prevent the occurrence of such LIB-caused ignition and other incidents is to avoid crushing/shredding LIB-containing small WEEE.

Management of adverse events in a Moroccan regional hospital: a state of art and perspectives.

the risk management system is useful to identify, analyze, and reduce the risk occurrence of adverse events (AEs) in health services. This system suggests useful improvements to patients and to the whole institution and also contributes to the acquisition of a collective and organizational safety culture. This study presented a state of the art of the management of AEs identified in different services of a regional hospital in the north of Morocco. this is a retrospective cross-sectional exploratory study carried out from 2017 to 2019 using observations and semi-structured interviews, which were recorded, re-transcribed, and analyzed. Data was also collected from audit reports, results of investigations of the nosocomial infection control committee and the risk management commission, AEs declaration sheets, and meetings reports. a number of 83 AEs were recorded, 10 of which were urgent. The reported events were related to care, infection risk, the drugs circuit, and medico-technical events. Two hundred cases of nosocomial infections were also recorded, of which 75 occurred in the intensive care unit and 35 in the maternity service. Surgical site infections were the most frequently reported complication. Adverse events were related to organizational failure, equipment problems, and errors related to professional practices. our findings may guide the improvement of the event management system in order to reduce the occurrence of future incidents. Thus, improving the risk management system requires setting up training strategies for staff on the importance of this system and its mode of operation.

Causal analysis of radiotherapy safety incidents based on a hybrid model of HFACS and Bayesian network.

This research investigates the role of human factors of all hierarchical levels in radiotherapy safety incidents and examines their interconnections. Utilizing the human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS) and Bayesian network (BN) methodologies, we created a BN-HFACS model to comprehensively analyze human factors, integrating the hierarchical structure. We examined 81 radiotherapy incidents from the radiation oncology incident learning system (RO-ILS), conducting a qualitative analysis using HFACS. Subsequently, parametric learning was applied to the derived data, and the prior probabilities of human factors were calculated at each BN-HFACS model level. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the human factors with the greatest influence on unsafe acts. The majority of safety incidents reported on RO-ILS were traced back to the treatment planning phase, with skill errors and habitual violations being the primary unsafe acts causing these incidents. The sensitivity analysis highlighted that the condition of the operators, personnel factors, and environmental factors significantly influenced the occurrence of incidents. Additionally, it underscored the importance of organizational climate and organizational process in triggering unsafe acts. Our findings suggest a strong association between upper-level human factors and unsafe acts among radiotherapy incidents in RO-ILS. To enhance radiation therapy safety and reduce incidents, interventions targeting these key factors are recommended.

Review and Analysis of the Collision Incident between Cargo Ship Edmy and Fishing Vessel Tornado: Extracting Lessons from a Case

This study reviews an investigation report that involves collision incident between the Cargo Ship Edmy and the Fishing Vessel Tornado. After conducting a thorough analysis of the incident, it was concluded that the collision occurred due to a confluence of factors, namely excessive dependence on navigation equipment and inadequate utilisation of the navigation tools at hand. Consequently, a number of valuable insights have been identified with the aim of improving maritime safety. The study highlights the significance of evaluating and enhancing watchkeeping protocols. This encompasses the establishment of the minimum prerequisites for bridge configuration and surveillance in diverse sailing situations, with the aim of guaranteeing sufficient attentiveness and proactive navigation. Additionally, the research emphasises the importance of establishing the closest point of approach and time to the closest point of approach parameters within Automatic Radar Plotting Aids. The implementation of these values and their prominent placement in close proximity to radars, coupled with the incorporation of alarms within the Automatic Radar Plotting Aid system, serves to augment the level of awareness among bridge personnel pertaining to the importance of upholding appropriate separation distances to ensure safety. The study underscores the importance of improving the standing orders of the master. This entails the revision of the standing orders to incorporate the insights gained, which includes the proscription of engaging in paperwork or utilising autonomous equipment in the absence of a backup lookout. The study endeavours to enhance safety practises and mitigate the occurrence of comparable incidents in the future by examining and addressing the lessons derived from them. This highlights the significance of striking a harmonious equilibrium between the utilisation of navigation equipment as valuable instruments, while simultaneously upholding the ongoing dependence on human judgement, sustaining situational awareness, and adhering to appropriate navigation protocols.

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF FIRE OCCURRENCE IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA

The occurrence of fire incidents in urban villages of Jakarta Special Capital Region significantly impacted losses, necessitating prevention and handling efforts. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the spatial influence of social and physical variables (independent variables) such as sex ratio, vulnerable age population, number of buildings, and size of slum areas on fires (dependent variable) in Jakarta Special Capital Region. The analysis area includes five municipalities of Jakarta Special Capital Region. Secondary data were obtained from Central Agency of Statistics of Jakarta Special Capital Region, maps from the official site jakartasatu.jakarta.go.id, and publication data from Government of Jakarta Special Capital Region for 2020. Furthermore, the quantitative approach in descriptive and inferential analysis, determined using Microsoft Excel and GeoDa version 1.20.0.10, was used to evaluate the spatial relationships between adjacent sub-districts. Although the regression data processing results using GeoDa were significant, the spatial regression results with Lagrange Multiplier (LM) Lag and Lagrange Multiplier (LM) error &gt; 0.05 were insignificant and significant when using the parameter 0.1. This means fire symptoms in Jakarta Special Capital Region do not have a spatial effect, contrary to the clustering observed between dependent and independent variables using Morans'I and Scatter Plots. The results of this study can aid the Jakarta provincial government in preventing and handling potential fires by restructuring slum areas to minimize the likelihood of such incidents.

Long-Term Axial Length Shortening in Myopic Orthokeratology: Incident Probability, Time Course, and Influencing Factors.

Long-term axial length (AL) shortening in myopia is uncommon but noteworthy. Current understanding on the condition is limited due to difficulties in case collection. The study reported percentage, probability, and time course of long-term AL shortening in myopic orthokeratology based on a large database. This study reviewed 142,091 medical records from 29,825 subjects in a single-hospital orthokeratology database that were collected over 10years. Long-term AL shortening was defined as a change in AL of -0.1mm or less at any follow-up beyond 1year. Incident probability was calculated based on multivariate logistic regression. Time course was estimated using mixed-effect regression model. A total of 10,093 subjects (mean initial age, 11.70 ± 2.52years; 58.8% female) with 80,778 visits were included. The number of subjects experienced long-term AL shortening was 1,662 (16.47%; 95% confidence interval, 15.75%-17.21%). Initial age showed significant impact on the incident occurrence (OR, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-1.40; P < 0.001). The estimated probability of AL shortening was approximately 2% for subjects with initial age of 6years and 50% for those aged 18. Among the 1662 AL shortening cases, the median magnitude of the maximum AL reduction was 0.19mm. The shortening process mostly occurred within the initial 2years. Subject characteristics had limited associations with the shortening rate. Long-term AL shortening is possible in subjects receiving myopic orthokeratology. Although age notably affect the incident probability, the time course seems to not vary significantly.

Assessment and Monitoring of the Security of Information Resources as an Emergency Situation

Formulation of the problem: control (evaluation) and monitoring of the information protection system (IPS) effectiveness are an integral part of the protected information objects operation process (state information systems, information systems of personal data, significant objects of critical information infrastructure). Imperfection of the control and monitoring means of the IPS together with her the vulnerabilities often leads to computer incidents with protected informatization object subsequent failure and/or degradation of its. One of the effective ways to solve this problem is the organization and implementation of preventive measures. The purpose of the work is reducing the response time and elimination of consequences from a computer incident caused by IPS measures to control (evaluate) the effectiveness. An additional goal is to neutralize information security threats implemented by an external intruder using sociotechnical methods (fishing). Methods: generalization and analysis of the existing regulatory and methodological support for the actions of information security units to carry out control (evaluation) measures, as well as in case of emergency situations and the occurrence of computer incidents. Novelty: the novelty elements is consideration of the event on ISP effectiveness control (evaluation) as a non-emergency situation in the informatization object operation under protect. Result: the necessity of introducing a threat to information security new class – the threat of information resource performance disruption caused by IPS control (assessment) and monitoring of the effectiveness are proved. Practical significance: the results of the work can be used to ensure organizations information resources security when the Center for Information Protection and Special Communication FSS of and territorial security bodies in relation to them measures to assess their security and the ability of bodies (organizations) to resist threats to information security.

Sleep Disturbances and Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties Among Preschool-Aged Children

Sleep disturbances and mental health problems are highly comorbid and bidirectionally correlated across childhood. The association between the natural history of sleep disturbances and the transition of mental health problems has not been quantified. To examine the association between the natural history of sleep disturbances and resolved and incident emotional and behavioral difficulties (EBDs). This cohort study used data from the Shanghai Children's Health, Education and Lifestyle Evaluation-Preschool (SCHEDULE-P), a prospective and population-based longitudinal cohort study of children enrolled in preschools in Shanghai, China, from November 10 to 24, 2016. A total of 20 324 children aged 3 to 4 years were recruited from the junior class of 191 kindergartens, of whom 17 233 (84.8%) participated in the 2-year follow-up. A multilevel regression model was used to evaluate the association between the development of sleep disturbances and the occurrence of resolved and incident EBDs. The data analysis spanned from August 4, 2021, to October 31, 2023. Sleep disturbances were assessed using the Children's Sleep Habit Questionnaire; EBDs were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Occurrence of incident and resolved EBDs at the 2-year follow-up. The cohort included 17 182 participants, with a mean (SD) age of 3.73 (0.29) years at enrollment; 52.0% were boys. The prevalence of EBDs at school entry and graduation years was 27.8% and 18.7%, respectively, while the prevalence of sleep disturbances was 41.3% and 31.5%, respectively. Among those with EBDs at the entry year, 35.0% maintained stability in the graduation year, while sleep disturbances were stable in 50.0% of those with sleep disturbances. After controlling for confounding factors, the odds ratio (OR) for resolved EBDs was lower in the incident sleep disturbance (ISD) group (OR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.41-0.62]; P < .001) and stable sleep disturbance (SSD) group (OR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.40-0.56]; P < .001) compared with the group with no sleep disturbances. The ORs for incident EBDs among the ISD group (OR, 2.58 [95% CI, 2.22-3.01]; P < .001) and SSD group (OR, 2.29, [95% CI, 1.98-2.64]; P < .001) were higher than among the group with no sleep disturbances. In this prospective cohort study, the natural history of sleep disturbances among preschool-aged children was associated with both resolved and incident EBDs. Routine screening and precise intervention for sleep disturbances may benefit the psychosocial well-being of this population.

Factors influencing witnesses’ perception of patient safety during pre-hospital health care from emergency medical services: A multi-center cross-sectional study

AimTo determine the factors related with the perception of feeling safe during pre-hospital emergency care. MethodsA multi-centred, cross-sectional study. Data collection from April 2021 to March 2022, in the Centro de Emergencias Sanitarias 061 (Andalusia, Spain). Inclusion criteria: witnesses of health care by emergency medical services. Exclusion criteria: minors, or communication barriers. Outcome variable: Witness Perceived Safety Scale ESPT10. The variables studied were related with sociodemographic data, the request for health care, the patient, the hospital transfer and patient safety incidents. A multivariate linear regression model was constructed for the dependent variable. The study followed STROBE statement. ResultsResponses were obtained from 1400 witnesses. The linear regression model showed that the score on the scale increased as the witnesses felt more satisfied (B = 1.302; p < 0.001). On the contrary, the score was lower when the witness reported a patient safety incident (B = -2.856; p < 0.001 and B = -3.166; p < 0.001), or when the assistance took place in a public space (B = -0.722; p = 0.017). ConclusionsThe level of satisfaction, the occurrence of a patient safety incident, and the place of health care are related factors with the perception of the witnesses. The Witness Perceived Safety Scale ESPT10 could be considered a valid and useful patient safety indicator.

Modeling spatiotemporal heterogeneity in interval-censored traffic incident time to normal flow by leveraging crowdsourced data: A geographically and temporally weighted proportional hazard analysis

Non-recurrent traffic congestion arising from traffic incidents is unpredictable but should be addressed efficiently to mitigate its adverse impacts on safety and travel time reliability. Numerous studies have been conducted about incident clearance time, while the recovery time, due to the limitations of data collection, is often inadvertently neglected in assessing incident-induced duration (i.e., the time from incident occurrence to the normal flow of traffic). Overlooking the recovery time is likely to underestimate the total incident-induced impact. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of observed factors is not adequately captured in incident duration models. To address these gaps, this study specifically investigated traffic crashes as they reflect safety issues and are the primary cause of non-recurrent congestion. The emerging crowdsourced traffic reports were harnessed to estimate crash recovery time, which can complement the blind zone of fixed detectors. A geographically and temporally weighted proportional hazard (GWTPH) model was developed to untangle factors associated with the interval-censored crash duration. The results show that the GWTPH model outperforms the global model in goodness-of-fit. Many factors present a spatiotemporally heterogeneous effect. For example, the global model merely revealed that deploying dynamic message signs (DMS) shortened the crash time to normal. Notably, the GWTPH model highlights an average reduction of 32.8% with a standard deviation of 31% in time to normal. The study's findings and application of new spatiotemporal techniques are valuable for practitioners to localize strategies for incident management. For instance, deploying DMS can be very helpful in corridors when incidents happen, especially during peak hours.

Ensuring Safety of Gas Field Infrastructure Using ALARP and a Systematic Approach

Introduction. A significant part of the global and state economy is the production and supply of hydrocarbon raw materials. The issues of safety in this area will remain important in the coming decades. The problem is actively discussed in the professional and scientific community. Theoretical and applied works are published. Local, point-based methods are calculated and implemented, which allow predicting and preventing emergencies in certain units of the considered objects. At the same time, there are no sufficiently justified and reproducible system solutions that can take into account the state of, for example, oil or gas field as a single complex and act as indicators not only of ordinary local accidents, but also of systemic accidents — catastrophes. Such a scientifically and experimentally based solution is described in this article. The approach is proposed as part of the formation of a comprehensive scientific and technical program (CSTP) to ensure the safety of natural and technogenic objects (NTO). The aim of this work was to describe the practice of its application in the conditions of specific gas fields and to justify the refusal to focus on solutions that took into account only the minimum practically acceptable risk, that is, built on the ALARP principle (as low as reasonably practicable). Materials and Methods. The article was based on the results of field tests of natural and technogenic objects (NTO) of the oil and gas complex — the Yuzhno-Russkoye field of OJSC Severneftegazprom (SNGP), LLC Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg (GDYA) and the gas pumping station (GPS) Orlovka-2 (Ukraine), conducted with the authors’ participation. Significant results were obtained and evidence-based physically interpreted during acceptance tests of an explosion-proof certified, created under the guidance of the authors of a prototype of a disaster response system (DRS) at the integrated gas treatment plant (IGTP) in LLC GDYA in 2006. At the same time, for the first time in the world practice, the fact of early detection and parrying without consequences by means of DRS on the UKPG-2 of the development of a large-scale general industrial disaster was confirmed. In the form of graphs, the revealed patterns of NTO have been visualized, which made it possible to form harbingers of the development of accidents and catastrophes at the NTO of LLC "GDYA", SNGP and GPS "Orlovka-2". Information on the high experimental reproducibility of the obtained results was presented. The technology has been developed of early detection and parrying of all types of potentially dangerous self-exciting systemic phenomena on real NTO infrastructure — self-oscillations. Three cases of their excitation in real gas fields were presented. Results. The paper shows the fragmentary nature and locality of emergency protection systems based on the ALARP principle. The consequence of this was its complete unsuitability for early detection and counteraction to the most large-scale and costly system accidents — catastrophes that were multifactorial processes, in which none of the factors was decisive. The alternative complex solution of the problem proposed by the authors and brought to working condition was based on a system approach adapted to the NTO of the oil and gas complex. The measured parameters of various NTO infrastructure — fields of LLC "GDYA" and SNGP were processed and analyzed at the moments of development of self-oscillating modes on them, due to self-sustaining nonlinear mechanisms of interaction of NTO elements with constant (non-oscillatory) sources of energy replenishment. Three such modes of self-excitation were illustrated. The most informative in this case were the transient modes of operation of the equipment. According to the technologies experimentally developed by the authors, the areas of critical operating modes of equipment with pronounced potentially dangerous bifurcation points were analyzed. The result of superimposing treatments of the measured parameters of eight full-scale tests of NTO — graphs of dimensionless amplitude-frequency characteristics of the interconnections of a real dynamic system was presented: "input — gas cooling housing" → "output — pipe casing" at the frequency of self-oscillations. Discussion and Conclusion. The capabilities of ALARP did not meet the tasks of system monitoring of the occurrence and development of dangerous incidents in gas fields. This conclusion can be attributed to all standard sizes of NTO infrastructure in Russia. Fundamentally different solutions should be used to ensure comprehensive observability, controllability, and safety of NTO. A comprehensive scientific and technical program is recommended: "Innovative hardware and software tools and technologies to ensure the observability, controllability, and safety of the NTO infrastructure of Russia".

Логико-стохастическая модель аварийности и травматизма на угольном разрезе

To analyze the functional characteristics of the «man — machine — environment» system and various factors influencing the occurrence of technogenic incidents at a open pit mining, a logical-stochastic model is developed. Within the framework of this model, it is proposed to consider both deterministic factors, such as working conditions or the state of equipment, and probabilistic (stochastic) factors, for example, random events or the human factor. The model allows for evaluating the probability of specific types of accidents or injuries based on these factors. The purpose of the work is to develop a logical-stochastic model of accident rate and injuries for the open pit mining system under consideration. The work implements an algorithm for a model of the stripping process for machine modeling of the process of the emergence of hazards and their development into the causal chain of a catastrophic accident and injury to personnel. The algorithm is based on the anthropogenic factors of a person psychophysiological properties and other factors determined by the reliability of the machine used by him, the comfort of the working environment and the level of organization of the technology of work being carried out. The model and the algorithm for occurrence of technogenic accidents at a open pit mining during the implementation of hazards in the system under consideration were developed. The algorithm is applicable to conduct a series of machine experiments and identify factors influencing the implementation of technogenic incidents. The combined model of the realization of hazard and the occurrence of a technogenic incident in the open pit mining system under consideration is presented, taking into account many fuzzy logic factors. The model improves modeling accuracy, uncertainty handling ability, and applicability to real-world problems, providing a flexible tool for analyzing complex phenomena when dealing with fuzzy information.

Flake channels construction of hydroxyapatite/gelatin cryogel with excellent flame retardant properties for enhancing the capturing of iodine

Safe and efficient capturing of volatile radioiodine is of extremely important significance in the treatment of spent fuel. Herein, the flake channels in gelatin-hydroxyapatite (HAP@Ge) cryogel with excellent flame retardant properties were constructed by immobilizing hydroxyapatite nanorods (HAP) on Gelatin (Ge) cryogel for enhancing the capturing of iodine. The immobilization of HAP nanorods enhanced thermal stability, provided low rates of dynamic heat transfer and dissipation, and remarkably improved the flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of the Ge cryogel, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of safety incidents caused by further thermal degradation or combustion of this cryogel. More importantly, it was effective in improving the rapid enrichment of iodine, resulting in a high adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity of HAP@Ge cryogel for iodine vapor reached 2693 mg/g at equilibrium. The high adsorption capacity for iodine was attributed to the multi-scale porous structure in HAP@Ge cryogel, which offered effective channels for iodine diffusion, whereas the numerous complex and irregular flakes provided sufficient number of active sites for iodine capture. The adsorption process was chemical in nature and involved the -PO43−, –OH, –C=O, and –NHR groups on HAP@Ge cryogel. Moreover, the complex porous structure of HAP@Ge cryogel enhanced the physical capturing of iodine. These advantages, such as low-cost raw material, simple preparation method, good flame retardancy, and excellent capturing performance for iodine indicated that HAP@Ge cryogel is a potential candidate for the removal of radioactive iodine in the exhaust gas stream of post-treatment plants.Graphical

정신건강의학과 환자안전사고 분석(2017-2021)

The study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence and risk levels of patient safety incidents in the mental health department of domestic medical institutions, aiming to provide essential data for formulating strategies to prevent such incidents in the future.&#x0D; The data for this study were collected nationwide from medical institutions accredited by the Korean Institute for Healthcare Accreditation, with a focus on patient safety statistics. A total of 521 cases from comprehensive and tertiary hospitals with more than 200 beds, classified under the department of mental health and psychiatry, were analyzed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/WIN 27.0 software, encompassing descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation analysis, and binary logistic regression.&#x0D; The results showed that the number of patient safety incidents increased slightly in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2017. However, the level of harm caused by these incidents indicated a trend of increasing near misses and decreasing adverse events from 2017 to 2021. Comprehensive hospitals had a significantly higher proportion of adverse events in patient safety incidents compared to tertiary hospitals. The results of binary logistic regression analysis revealed that comprehensive hospitals had a 2.459 times higher risk of adverse events compared to tertiary hospitals. When comparing incident types, the risk of adverse events for falls was 10.677 times higher, and for suicide and self-harm events, it was 66.103 times higher compared to medication errors. Regarding age groups, the risk of adverse events for the 20-39 age group was 3.335 times higher compared to the 0-19 age group. For the 40-59 age group, the risk was 4.911 times higher for the 60-79 age group, it was 5.340 times higher, and for the 80 years and above age group, it was 4.027 times higher . The goodness of fit test for the final model indicated a good fit, and the model's explanatory power was 30.2%.&#x0D; Based on the study results, there is a need for a systematic analysis of nursing staff levels in comprehensive hospitals and their relationship with patient safety incidents and it is crucial to prioritize comprehensive hospitals when devising patient safety incident prevention measures in mental health. Suicide and self-harm prevention, and fall prevention strategies, should be considered as indispensable components. Furthermore, it is recommended to give priority to implementing patient safety incident prevention strategies for individuals aged 60-79 years of age.

Investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of medication incidents in Canadian community pharmacies

As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded, community pharmacies adapted rapidly to broaden and adjust the services they were providing to patients, while coping with severe pressure on supply chains and constrained social interactions. This study investigates whether these events had an impact on the medication incidents reported by pharmacists. Results indicate that Canadian pharmacies were able to sustain such stress while maintaining comparable safety levels. At the same time, it appears that some risk factors that were either ignored or not meaningful in the past started to be reported, suggesting that community pharmacists are now aware of a larger set of contributing factors that can lead to medication incidents, notably for medication incidents that can lead to harm.

Research on Enterprise Environmental Risk Management of Industrial Bank under Analytic Hierarchy Process

With the frequent occurrence of corporate environmental incidents and the intensification of bank credit risks, the banking industry urgently needs to strengthen the prevention, control and management of corporate environmental risks. Based on the analytic hierarchy process, this paper takes the three enterprises that have been granted credit by IB as samples, selects the enterprise environmental risk model of four sub-indicators: carbon emissions, basic environmental management, environmental risk management measures, and environmental risk emergency management, and selects the appropriate green credit objects according to the calculation results. It also puts forward suggestions on environmental risk management to improve the collection and transmission of enterprise environmental information, strengthen the supervision of enterprise risk management measures, and formulate a unified enterprise environmental risk rating standard, so as to provide reference for the banking industry to carry out enterprise environmental risk management.