Occurrence Of Heart Attack Research Articles

Trends in the dynamics of morbidity and mortality from hypertension in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2010 to 2019.

Aim: The purpose of the research is to study trends in the dynamics of morbidity and mortality from arterial hypertension in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010-2019. Materials and Methods: Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the study, a set of methods was used: analytical, graph-analytical, statistical, sociological, clinical and economic analysis, organizational experiment. Results: The survey of 318 hypertension patients highlighted a common profile: hypertensive men aged 45-59, smokers, alcohol drinkers, urban dwellers, married with children, industrially employed, physically active at their country house, and facing stress. Gender differences showed 74.4% of hypertensive women were over 50, while a fifth of men were under 45, with higher risk factors in men: smoking (1.87), alcohol (2.53), occupational hazards (2.76), and harsh climates (2.54). Conclusions: The analysis findings reveal noteworthy trends within the hypertension patient population in Kazakhstan. Despite a decline in hypertension prevalence and initial occurrences, along with reduced relative hospitalization rates between 2010 and 2019, mortality linked to hypertension-related causes and the occurrence of heart attacks have remained relatively steady in recent times.

Interaction between blood lead level and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on risk of heart attack or stroke: USA NHANES, 2013–2014

BackgroundAmong all risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), lead is associated with cardiovascular mortality. Besides CVD, blood lead level is also related to the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The inter-relationship of CVD, blood lead level and COPD are not yet studied. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine the interaction of COPD and blood lead level on the occurrence of heart attack. MethodsThis analyzed data is from the 2013–2014 NHANES. The final analysis included 5736 adults. Survey logistic regression models were built to control confounders. We computed adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). ResultsA significant interaction (OR = 0.26, CI = 0.12, 0.56) between COPD and blood lead level on the occurrence of heart attack was observed. Those who had COPD were 4.05 times more likely to have heart attack than those who did not have COPD for 1 μg/dL increase in blood lead level. Similarly, a significant interaction between COPD and lead was found for the occurrence of stroke (OR = 0.44, CI = 0.19,1.00), leading to 1.15 times likely to have stroke than those who did not have COPD for 1 μg/dL increase in blood lead level. For the combined outcome, OR = 0.28 with CI=(0.14, 0.57). ConclusionsThe low lead level today means more effect of COPD on the occurrence of heart attack and stroke. More studies required to understand the pathways of the association of COPD, CVD and lead due to their shared risk factors.

Nonlinear biomechanics of bifurcated atherosclerotic coronary arteries

One of the most high-risk locations of plaque growth and rupture initiation (and hence occurrence of heart attack) is the first main bifurcation of the left main coronary artery; the aim of this investigation is to analyse the nonlinear three-dimensional biomechanics of bifurcated atherosclerotic left coronary artery. In order to examine the influence of different system parameters, a biomechanical model of a bifurcated coronary artery is developed. Three plaques of varying geometry and material properties inside the three branches of the left main (LM), the left anterior descending (LAD), and the left circumflex (LCx) are modelled incorporating three-dimensionality, nonlinear geometric and material properties, asymmetry, viscosity, and hyperelasticity, and fluid-solid interaction. A finite element method (FEM) is employed to incorporate all of the above-mentioned important features in addition to physiological blood pulsation, heart motion, active media layer contraction, lipid plaque, calcium deposition, three different artery layers, micro-calcification, and non-Newtonian model for blood. Moreover, the effects of different system features such as stenosis, curved shape of the artery, plaque location, and fibrous cap thickness on the stress field (shear and structural) are examined. The developed biomechanical model could be utilised to estimate the risk of the initiation of plaque rupture inside the human coronary artery and the occurrence of heart attack.

SURVIVAL ANALYSIS FOR THE RISK OF DEVELOPING HEART ATTACK

<p class="lead">Heart disease is the leading cause of death among Filipinos, accounting for 1 out of every 5 deaths in the past year. Each year, 170,000 Filipinos die from cardiovascular diseases, up from 85,000 more than 20 y ago. This paper aims to estimate the risk of developing Heart Attack using Survival Analysis. The data were obtained from the records of Quirino Memorial Medical Center with a total of 447 observations. The data includes the time t (patient’s age), gender of the patient, covariates such as lifestyle (smoking and drinking alcohol); health conditions (Hypertension, Diabetes, High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) level); and family history of Cardiovascular Disease, and the event of interest which is the occurrence of heart attack. The researchers applied two main statistical treatments in examining the data: (1) Cox Regression in formulating a model to estimate the risk of heart attack based on the given covariates; (2) Kaplan-Meier Estimates in calculating the probability of each patient to survive in accordance to their gender depending on the covariates the patients have. Results showed that females have more risks of developing heart attack than males for patients with hypertension, with diabetes, with a family history of CVD, and those who are smoking. However, for patients who are alcoholic, men are more prone to the risk of heart attack than women. The results were obtained with the help of SPSS.</p>

Demographic and Blood Lipid Profiles in Correlation with Heart Attacks among Mediterraneans

Aim: To evaluate the role of some demographic and plasma lipid variables in heart attack occurrence among Palestinians. Demographic variables under study include age, sex, smoking, sporting (walking, running, basketball, etc.) hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL are the blood lipid variables under study. Materials and Methods: Descriptive analytical and correlation design were set as a frame for data collection. Data were collected from 186 subjects, representing both healthy and unhealthy heart groups. Ninety six were free from heart attacks while 89 were diagnosed as heart attack patients. Whole blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes. Plasma samples were used to measure total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides using the commercial Human Liquicolor Kits. Demographic information’s about subjects were collected from either subjects themselves or their attendant relatives in their respective hospitals. Results: The association between demographic and lipid profiles with occurrence of heart attack was demonstrated as statistically significant. Sporting and HDL factors negatively correlated with heart attack incidences. Moreover, statistical differences between the study groups were demonstrated in all study variables, except age and sporting. Conclusion: Irrespective of geographical or cultural factors, most of the studied demographic as well blood lipid profiles were significantly contributing to the occurrence of cardio problems as risk factors.

Cardiac arrhythmias classification using artificial metaplasticity algorithm

Electrocardiogram (ECG) arrhythmias such as ventricular and atrial arrhythmias are one of the common causes of death. These abnormalities of heart activity may cause immediate death or damage to the heart. If the abnormal symptoms can be detected and diagnosed early, time is saved to prevent the occurrence of heart attack. Therefore, it is necessary to have an effective method for early detection and early treatment. We propose, in this paper, an intelligent method to accurately classify the heartbeat of ECG signals through the Artificial Metaplasticity Multilayer Perceptron (AMMLP). The MIT-BIH database is used to classify arrhythmias into three different types: Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC), Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB) and Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB); normal ECG signals are also used in the study. The obtained AMMLP classification accuracy of 98.25% is an excellent result compared to the classical MLP and recent classification techniques applied to the same database.

Child abuse is related to inflammation in mid-life women: Role of obesity

Elevated inflammation biomarkers are associated with incident cardiovascular disease. Several studies suggest that childhood abuse may be associated with inflammation later in life. This study examined whether childhood abuse predicted elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and whether the association was due to body size. Participants were 326 (104 Black, 222 White) women from the Pittsburgh site of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). SWAN included a baseline assessment of pre-menopausal or early peri-menopausal women in mid-life (mean age=45.7), and CRP, depressive symptoms, body mass index (BMI), and other covariates were measured over 7 annual follow-up visits. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, a standardized measure that retrospectively assesses abuse and neglect in childhood and adolescence, was administered at year 8 or 9 of follow-up. Approximately 37% of the participants reported a history of abuse or neglect. Generalized estimating equations showed that sexual and emotional abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and the total number of types of abuse were associated with higher CRP levels over 7 years, adjusting for race, age, education, smoking status, use of hormone therapy, depressive symptoms, occurrence of heart attack or stroke, and medications for hypertension. The coefficients for indirect effects for emotional and sexual abuse, physical neglect, and total number of types of abuse on CRP levels through BMI were significant. A history of emotional abuse and neglect was related to percent change in CRP over the 7 years but not through percent change in BMI over the 7 years. A history of childhood abuse and neglect retrospectively reported is related to overall elevated inflammation in mid-life women, perhaps through obesity. A history of some types of abuse and neglect (emotional) may be related to change in inflammation, independent of simultaneously measured change in BMI.

The effects of seasonal variations and weather conditions on the occurrence of heart attacks in Hungary between 2000–2004

The onset of acute myocardial infarct shows circadian and seasonal variations, that are influenced by sex, age and the changes of weather conditions as well. The purpose of our present study is to investigate whether a seasonal variation can be found in the onset of myocardial infarctions during the period under investigation, and whether certain meteorological factors (air temperature, atmospheric pressure, front movements) influence the incidence of myocardial infarction. Retrospective analysis has been carried out on patients admitted because of acute myocardial infarct in Hungary between 2000 and 2004 ( n=81.956). Data have been taken from the database of the National Health Insurance Fund Administration based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Weather related data were provided by the National Meteorology Service. Regarding seasonal distribution the peak incidence period of acute myocardial infarct was spring, whereas the lowest number of events was observed during the summer months. There was a marked difference in the number of events per season ( p<0.001). A medium level negative correlation was found between the monthly average temperature and the occurrence of heart attack ( r=-0.404) during the period examined. A positive correlation was shown between front movements and the of number of events per season ( r=0.053). Our findings show that certain meteorological factors may be related to the onset of acute myocardial infarct, however, a number of other factors may also play an important role.

Absence of risk factor change in young adults after family heart attack or stroke: The CARDIA Study

Background: Health behavior theories suggest that occurrence of heart attack or stroke in an immediate family member should increase one’s perceived susceptibility to these conditions, which might lead to improved risk factor behavior and control. Methods: Changes in measures of smoking, physical activity, lipids/lipoproteins, body weight, and blood pressure were investigated over two consecutive 5-year follow-up periods among 3950 participants (aged 18 to 30 years) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, who either did or did not have an immediate family member experience a heart attack or stroke. Recruitment and examinations for Years 0, 5, and 10 took place in 1985–1986, 1990–1991, and 1995–1996, respectively. Results: After adjustment for baseline demographics and risk factors, young adults who experienced a change in family history of heart attack or stroke over a 5-year period were no more likely than those who did not to quit smoking, or to experience more positive changes in weight, physical activity, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, or systolic or diastolic blood pressure. These findings persisted among the few study participants with one or more established risk factors at baseline. Conclusions: The occurrence of a heart attack or stroke in an immediate family member does not appear to lead to self-initiated, sustained change in modifiable risk factors in young adults. Since family history of heart attack and stroke is associated with known risk factors and is an independent risk factor for incident development of these conditions, interventions should be developed and tested to motivate sustained risk-factor control following occurrence of a severe vascular event in a family member.

Snow Fall and Heart Attacks

Total numbers of daily hospital admissions for cardiac emergencies were obtained from 3 hospitals within the Sudbury Basin in Canada for November through March for each of 4 consecutive years (1983-1986). Major diagnostic categories were also differentiated. No statistically significant correlations were found between the amount of snowfall during the day of or the days before or after admissions for the major categories of cardiac emergency. Specific analyses, conducted to reveal possible recondite associations between extreme or cumulative snowfalls and the most extreme days of cardiac emergencies, indicated a chance association. We conclude that the occurrence of heart attacks is independent of snowfall but that, when they occur, they are attributed to shoveling if there has been a recent major snow storm.

LACK OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PLASMA-RENIN AND HISTORY OF HEART-ATTACK OR STROKE IN PATIENTS WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

The relation between plasma-renin activity and the occurrence of heart-attacks and strokes was examined in 371 Black patients with essential hypertension, who were categorised as having low, normal, or high renin activity according to their 24-hour sodium excretion. The incidence of such complications was found to be identical in each of the renin subgroups. No evidence was found to support the proposal that patients with low renin hypertension are protected against these complications, or that high renin activity is vasculotoxic per se. These findings are not consistent with the view that plasma-renin activity is a potential risk factor in uncomplicated essential hypertension, and emphasise the need for effective therapy in all hypertensive patients regardless of the plasma-renin activity.