Occurrence Of Fungi In Soils Research Articles

Occurrence of Soil Fungi in Antarctic Pristine Environments.

The presence of fungi in pristine Antarctic soils is of particular interest because of the diversity of this microbial group. However, the extreme conditions that coexist in Antarctica produce a strong selective pressure that could lead to the evolution of novel mechanisms for stress tolerance by indigenous microorganisms. For this reason, in recent years, research on cold-adapted microorganisms has increased, driven by their potential value for applications in biotechnology. Cold-adapted fungi, in particular, have become important sources for the discovery of novel bioactive secondary metabolites and enzymes. In this study, we studied the fungal community structure of 12 soil samples from Antarctic sites, including King George Island (including Collins Glacier), Deception Island and Robert Island. Culturable fungi were isolated and described according to their morphological and phenotypical characteristics, and the richness index was compared with soil chemical properties to describe the fungal community and associated environmental parameters. We isolated 54 fungal strains belonging to the following 19 genera: Penicillium, Pseudogymnoascus, Lambertella, Cadophora, Candida, Mortierella, Oxygenales, Geomyces, Vishniacozyma, Talaromyces, Rhizopus, Antarctomyces, Cosmospora, Tetracladium, Leptosphaeria, Lecanicillium, Thelebolus, Bjerkandera and an uncultured Zygomycete. The isolated fungi were comprised of 70% Ascomycota, 10% Zygomycota, 10% Basidiomycota, 5% Deuteromycota and 5% Mucoromycota, highlighting that most strains were associated with similar genera grown in cold environments. Among the culturable strains, 55% were psychrotrophic and 45% were psychrophilic, and most were Ascomycetes occurring in their teleomorph forms. Soils from the Collins Glacier showed less species richness and greater species dominance compared with the rest of the sites, whereas samples 4, 7, and 10 (from Fildes Bay, Coppermine Peninsula and Arctowski Station, respectively) showed greater species richness and less species dominance. Species richness was related to the C/N ratio, whereas species dominance was inversely related to C and N content. Thus, the structure of the fungal community was mainly related to soil chemical parameters more than sample location and altitude.

Occurrence of soil fungi in a potato plantation

The forecrops applied in potato cultivation affected the occurrence of <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> Kühn and other soil fungi. The most common species found appeared to be: <i>Penicillium nigricans</i> Thom, <i>P. jenseni</i> Zaleski, <i>P. vinaceum</i> Gilman et Abbott. and <i>P. raciborskii</i> Zaleski.

Role of Different Variables on Site-Specific Isolation And Distribution Patterns of Soil Mycoflora from Varanasi

During present study, 513 isolates were recovered from 15 different experimental sites. For fungal recovery, PDA medium proved better over Czapek's dox agar medium (CDA), while Waksman dilution method showed higher isolates recovery than Warcup's soil plate method. Thirty filamentous fungi were recovered of which Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Fusarium were dominant. Aspergillus niger and A. fumigatus showed a high frequency of occurrence and were isolated @ 80 x103 CFU/g and 47x 103 CFU/g, respectively from dry, moist and humid soil samples, while Penicillium notatum (37x103 CFU/g), Nigrospora oryzae (30 x103 CFU/g), Rhizopus nigricans (32x103 CFU/g), Trichoderma viride (24x103 CFU/g) were isolated with moderate frequency. Fifty three isolates were recovered from site 10 (Agriculture field, BHU) which was highest whereas, 12 isolates were recovered from site 1 (Cantt Railways Station). Consequently, the site 10 had the maximum CFU value (53x103 CFU/g) whereas site 1 had the lowest (12 x103 CFU/g). A higher percentage of soil fungi isolated have preferred the acidic pH range. Mean of fungal isolates was higher in moist (37.60), followed by humid (34.50) and dry (30.20) conditions. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis was done to understand that several variables are responsible for the diversity and occurrence of soil fungi.

Fungi in hot and cold deserts with particular reference to microcolonial fungi

Abstract The occurrence of fungi in soils of the hot deserts and the dry areas of the Antarctic and Arctic are described. A number of filamentous fungi and yeasts have been documented from both – the hot and cold habitat – however, investigations on the abundance and activity of the filamentous hyphomycetes isolated are still missing. There is striking evidence that many ubiquitous species just survive in hot desert soil by their spores, however, without any physiological activity. There is also reasonable suspicion that man-made contamination of the Antarctic deserts might be the reason for finding a broad distribution of Penicillium and other ubiquitous fungi in soil and air. Basidiomycetous yeasts are reported to be endemic in the dry valley of Antarctica. Unrivaled conquerors of the desert environment are black, microcolonial fungi that are part of the epi- and endolithic community in hot and cold arid and semi-arid habitats. These fungi are one of the most stress-tolerant eukaryotic life forms on Earth.

The spectrum and occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in soils from apple orchards

The spectrum and occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in orchard soil and arable soil were evaluated using an "insect bait method". Soil samples taken in autumn and spring from sward, herbicides fallow and arable soil were baited with <i>Galleria mellonella</i> larvae. Entomopathogenic fungi <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> (Bals.) Vuill., <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> (Metsch.) Sorok. and <i>Paecilomyces fumosoroseus</i> (Wize) Brown et Smith were isolated from three species of orchards soil and adjacent arable soil. Infection levels of <i>G. mellonella</i> larvae were depended from species of soil . <i>M. anisoopliae</i> caused most frequent infections of bait insects in light loamy sand and <i>P. fumosoroseus</i> in alluvial silt and coarse sand. <i>B. bassiana</i> was dominated in alluvial silt. It was established that <i>M. anisopliae</i> and <i>B. bassiana</i> infected more larvae in autumn than in spring. In case of <i>P. fumosoroseus</i> an opposite tendency was observed. Generaly in arable soil and sward number of infected larvae was higher than other stands. In case of light loamy sand more infections of <i>G. mellonella</i> larvae were found in samples from herbicides fallow. Irrespective of soil type <i>B. bassiana</i> was the dominated species isolated from herbicides fallow, <i>M. anisopliae</i> from sward and <i>P. fumosoroseus</i> - from arable soil.

PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN DAN VEGETASI TERHADAP KEBERADAAN JAMUR TANAH DI LAHAN BEKAS PENAMBANGAN EMAS YANG DIREKLAMASI PADA DAERAH CIMANGGU DAN BOJONG PARI JAMPANG SUKABUMI

In order to know the effect of vegetation and fertilizer on the occurrence of soil fungi, a study was conducted in reclamated gold mining land both in Cimanggu and Bojong Pari, Jampang, Sukabumi. Soil fungi were isolated by dilution plate method, using a tauge sucrose agar? medium with 50 ppm antibiotic and incubated at room temperature for 2-3 days. Fungi identification follows Domsch et al (1980), Samson et al (1981), and Barnet (1969). The effect of vegetation and fertilizer on the composition of soil fungi in reclamated land both Cimanggu and Bojong Pari were not quite different. Aspergillys, Eupenicillium, and Pennicillium maybe dominant fungi in these areas. These fungi were probably involved in reclamation of land. To obtain faster reclamation process, the fungi are better involved as one of introduced microorganism besides Rhizobium and Mychorizal fungi or mixed inoculants. Besides election of suitable flora and fauna, soil fungi are expected to be able recover degraded land into original ecosystem.

Comparison of the Occurrence of the Saprophytic Soil Fungi in Two Differently Cultivated Field Soils

ABSTRACT A study was performed to examine the influence of ‘organic’ and ‘conventional’ farming on the number and composition of saprophytic soil fungi. The fields of the organic farm had been cultivated according to the principles of Steiner (1963) for 32 years. The soils were similar as to climatic conditions, soil type and vegetation. Soil samples were taken 3 times during winter and spring (October, January, and April). The soil fungi were isolated by soil washing, enumerated and identified. The differences between the two soils were less than the seasonal variation in occurrence of the soil fungi. More fungi were isolated from the two soils in January than in October and April. In January and April, a higher number of fungi was isolated from the ‘organic’ soil than from the ‘conventional’ soil, indicating a higher potential for decomposing organic material. The species richness was also higher in the ‘organic’ soil, Penicillium janczewskii being the most frequent species. All tested isolates of P. ja...

Occurrence of aero-aquatic fungi in soil

Occurrence of aero-aquatic fungi in soil

Occurrence of keratinophilic human pathogenic fungi in soils of Argentina

Occurrence of keratinophilic human pathogenic fungi in soils of Argentina

Soil-steaming: A selective method for the isolation of ascomycetes from soil

During an investigation into the occurrence of fungi in soil partially sterilized by steam, it was found that whereas many fungi were easily killed, other species had resistant spores and survived a short steam treatment. Many of these species were rarely recorded from untreated soil, being apparently suppressed by the abundant development of fast-growing fungi. Ascomycetes in particular were isolated from soils after a short steam treatment, and several species, including Aspergillus fischeri, Penicillium luteum and P. baarnense , were found to be more abundant and widespread in soils than hitherto recorded.