Occurrence Of Vomiting Research Articles

Distraction and relaxation training in the treatment of anticipatory vomiting: A single subject intervention

A within-series phase change design (ABABC) was used to evaluate the effect of video distraction and relaxation in the treatment of a 29-year-old male with anticipatory vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. Heart rate, blood pressure, nausea ratings, and the occurrence of emesis were recorded during 18 chemotherapy treatments over a 9 month period. Video distraction initially inhibited vomiting but the treatment effects were not maintained. Subsequent relaxation training inhibited vomiting after two sessions. These effects were maintained for the remainder of the patient's chemotherapy protocol.

Arginine: An Indispensable Amino Acid for Mature Dogs

Three studies examined the effect of dietary arginine deficiency in the mature dog. Deletion of arginine from the diet resulted in a slight but significant loss of body weight. Severe episodes of emesis were observed in all experiments. Muscle tremors and frothing around the mouth were also observed in the experiments where the arginine-free diet was force fed. Increasing the amount of diet force-fed to mature dogs accentuated the symptoms of emesis, muscle tremors and frothing. Elevated plasma ammonia and orotate were detected in dogs fed an arginine-deficient diet. Urinary citric and orotic acid was also increased in mature dogs fed a diet devoid of arginine. Nitrogen balance was not significantly altered by deletion of arginine from the diet. Based on the occurrence of emesis, loss of body weight and alterations in intermediary metabolism, we concluded that the mature dog does require a dietary source of arginine. Dietary inclusion of 0.28% arginine prevented the symptoms of arginine deficiency.dog arginine orotic acid

Occurrence of Vomiting in Head Injury of Children

Occurrence of Vomiting in Head Injury of Children

A STUDY OF FACTORS CONCERNED IN EMESIS DURING SPINAL ANAESTHESIA

SUMMARY The incidence of sickness (retching and emesis) during spinal anaesthesia was observed in one hundred and thirty-three females undergoing abdominal hysterectomy and perineal operations. There was no significant difference in the incidence between patients having intra-abdominal or extra-abdominal operations. Neither pethidine nor atropine premedication had a significant effect. Chlorpromazine premedication and 100 per cent oxygen inhalation both significantly lowered the incidence of sickness. The incidence in patients whose systolic pressures fell below 80 mm Hg was significantly higher than when pressures remained above this level. Hypoxia of the vomiting centre may be an important factor in the occurrence of emesis during spinal anaesthesia.

Note on Cholecystography with Priodax: Dosage and Gastro-Intestinal Effects

It is a new cholecystographic medium, β-(4-hydroxy -3,5 -di -iodophenyl) -α - phenylpropionic acid (Priodax), is superior to the tetraiodophenolphthalein preparations. Its diagnostic reliability is unchallenged, its yields better roentgenograms, it is comparatively easy to take, and it produces fewer and less severe side-effects than does tetraiodophenolphthalein. The recorded figures for the frequency of gastro-intestinal side-effects vary considerably. Vomiting is reported in different series as having occurred in 0.08 to 3 per cent, nausea in 8 to 26 per cent, and diarrhea in 3 to 23 per cent and “less than one-third” of the cases (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). These variations might be due to differences in patients at various geographical locations, in the dose administered and method of preparation, and—in the case of nausea and diarrhea—to differences of definition. This paper deals with the frequency of gastro-intestinal effects as observed in two series of 100 cases each, and with the correlation of gastro-intestinal effects and dosage of the contrast medium. The first series includes 100 consecutive cases referred for gallbladder examination. The patients were prepared as recommended by the manufacturers of Priodax. The dose administered was 6 tablets for patients up to 150 lb., 9 tablets from 150 to 200 lb., and 12 tablets above 200 lb. If the gallbladder was not visualized, a reexamination was done with 12 tablets for patients up to, and 18 tablets for patients above, 150 lb. In every case, we recorded weight and number of tablets taken, also the number of bowel movements between taking the tablets and examination and the occurrence of vomiting and of persistent nausea. Transitory slight nausea of a few minutes' duration was not recorded. The results of this investigation are shown in Table I (Series I). Seventeen patients in this series reported nausea, but none of them vomited. Forty-four registered a mild laxative effect with two to four bowel movements, and 20 had from five to twelve bowel movements. The average number of bowel movements was 2.8. The patients were divided into classes according to the number of tablets received per pound. In all classes with from 0.03 to 0.06 tablets per pound (or up to one tablet per 17 lb.) the average number of bowel movements was about the same. A total of 56 patients fell into this range (Series IA in the table); they produced an average of 1.9 bowel movements, and 6 (or 11 per cent) registered nausea. The remaining 44 patients (series IB in the table) had received from 0.061 to 0.104 tablets per pound; they produced an average of 4.0 bowel movements, and 11 (or 25 per cent) experienced nausea. These figures indicate that there is a definite relation between dose administered and gastro-intestinal effects. There seems to be a borderline near the dose of one tablet per 17 lb.

OCTOFOLLIN, A NEW SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN

Since Dodds and his associates1synthesized the estrogenic substance diethylstilbestrol in 1938 numerous clinical studies have demonstrated that this compound is a powerful and therapeutically effective estrogen when administered either by injection or by mouth. Many investigators have shown that it may produce some undesirable reactions. The commonest clinical objection to diethylstilbestrol has been nausea, and in various series from 10 to 60 per cent of the patients treated have complained of this possibly toxic reaction. Usually nausea can be avoided by reducing the dose,2by giving the medication at bedtime,3or by using interrupted treatment.4A few patients do not tolerate even small doses, and Finch5has suggested that nausea may be an allergic reaction. Infrequent occurrence of vomiting, headache, vertigo, abdominal distress, diarrhea or dermatoses has been reported following the administration of diethylstilbestrol. Thus the dosage, and therefore the therapeutic effectiveness, of this