Occurrence Of Body Movements Research Articles

Detection of Random Body Movements Using Clustering-Based Methods in Bioradar Systems

Bioradar systems, in general, refer to radar systems used for the detection of vital signs. These systems hold significant importance across various sectors, particularly in healthcare and surveillance, due to their capacity to provide contactless solutions for monitoring physiological functions. In these applications, the primary challenge lies in the presence of random body movements (BMs), which can significantly hinder the accurate detection of vital signs. To compensate the affected signal in a timely manner, portions of BM must be correctly identified. To address this challenge, this work proposes a solution based on the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBScan) algorithm to detect the occurrence of BM in radar signals. The main idea of this algorithm is to cluster the radar samples, aiming to differentiate between segments in which the subject is stable and segments in which the subject is moving. Using a dataset involving eight subjects, the proposed method successfully detects three types of body movements: chest movement, body rotation, and arm movement. The achieved results are promising, with F1 scores of 0.83, 0.73, and 0.8, respectively, for the detection of each specific movement type.

Bispectral index-guided propofol sedation during endoscopic ultrasonography.

Background/AimsBispectral index (BIS) monitors process and display electroencephalographic data are used to assess the depth of anesthesia. This study retrospectively evaluated the usefulness of BIS monitoring during endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). MethodsThis study included 725 consecutive patients who underwent EUS under sedation with propofol. BIS monitoring was used in 364 patients and was not used in 361. The following parameters were evaluated: (1) median dose of propofol; (2) respiratory and circulatory depression; (3) occurrence of body movements; (4) awakening score >8 at the time; and (5) awakening score 2 hours after leaving the endoscopy room. ResultsThe BIS group received a significantly lower median dose of propofol than the non-BIS group (159.2 mg vs. 167.5 mg; p=0.015) in all age groups. For patients aged ≥75 years, the reduction in heart rate was significantly lower in the BIS group than in the non-BIS group (1.2% vs. 9.1%; p=0.023). Moreover, the occurrence of body movements was markedly lower in the BIS group than in the non-BIS group (8.5% vs. 39.4%; p<0.001). ConclusionsDuring EUS examination, BIS monitoring is useful for maintaining a constant depth of anesthesia, especially in patients 75 years of age or older.

Effect of partial neuromuscular blockade on efficacy and safety of nerve monitoring during microvascular decompression of facial nerve

Objective To evaluate the effect of partial neuromuscular blockade (NMB) on the efficacy and safety of nerve monitoring during microvascular decompression (MVD) of facial nerve. Methods Seventy American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes, aged 39-78 yr, weighing 44-84 kg, scheduled for elective MVD, were divided into 2 groups (n=35 each) using a random number table method: control group and partial NMB group.Anesthesia was induced by intravenous injection of 3-fold ED95 cisatracurium.In control group, muscle relaxants were not used after intubation.In partial NMB group, cisatracurium was continuously infused intravenously to maintain partial NMB, and the T1/Tc ratio was maintained at 20%-40%.Intraoperative neuroelectrophysiological monitoring was performed using lateral spread response (LSR). The success rates of LSR monitoring, occurrence of body movement, requirement for anesthetics and cardiovascular agents were recorded during operation, and the patients were followed up on day 7 after surgery, and the therapeutic efficacy and occurrence of neurological complications were recorded. Results Compared with control group, the incidence of intraoperative body movement was significantly decreased, the intraoperative consumption of propofol and remifentanil was decreased, and the intraoperative requirement for vasopressors was decreased in partial NMB group (P 0.05). Conclusion Partial NMB (T1/Tc=20%-40%) can be effectively used for MVD monitored by LSR, decrease the occurrence of the body movement, and raise the perioperative safety in patients. Key words: Muscle relaxation; Facial nerve; Microvascular decompression surgery; Monitoring, intraoperative

Audiovisual modeling: An efficient, time-saving, radiation-specified method of reducing dental anxiety in children undergoing panoramic radiographic imaging and IOPA radiographic imaging

Background: Children undergoing panoramic radiographic imaging (PRI) and intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiographic imaging show anxiety due to the presence of a revolving PRI machine and IOPA X-ray unit and a different environment which can pose behavioral concerns. Staying still for 15–20 s is not possible for young children. This could lead to distortions and require repetitions, leading to more radiation exposure. Aim: The aim of the study was to reduce the dental anxiety and reduce the increased radiation exposure and saving time in PRI and IOPA radiographic imaging by audiovisual modeling. Methodology: Forty children age 2–12 years indicated for PRI and IOPA radiographic imaging were subjected and observed before and after audiovisual modeling. The patients were modeled by audiovisual modeling before imaging in the oral radiology department. The anxious and disruptive behavior was assessed using the anxious and disruptive behavior code by a single blinded observer. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical Software SPSS 13.0. Results: There was significant difference in the occurrence of body movement and complaining and restraint before and after audiovisual modeling in the same patients. There were statistically significant differences in the overall events before and after audiovisual modeling. Conclusion: The basic behavior management technique and use of audiovisual modeling can reduce the anxiety and disruptive behavior in children undergoing PRI and IOPA radiographic imaging and also reduces increased radiation exposure, saving time for the process thus reducing the cost of repeated imaging.

Body movements during night sleep in healthy elderly subjects and their relationships with sleep stages

In order to enlighten the profile of body movements during sleep at old age, the night sleep of twelve elderly subjects was polygraphically investigated; seven young healthy subjects were the control group. Significantly less body movements during sleep were found in the elderly compared to young subjects, meaning that the decrease in the number of body movements observed from infancy to childhood up to adulthood also continues at later ages. Differently from young adult, whose sleep body movements mainly occur in stage REM, no specific sleep state and/or stage was preferentially associated with the occurrence of body movements in the elderly. These data may point to an age-related modification in the interaction between motor cortex control and subcortical circuits. Furthermore, when body movements occur in elderly individuals, they are significantly more often followed in the next 60 s by a sleep stage change or by a spontaneous behavioural awakening. This might reflect a peculiar inability of elderly subjects to sustain stable states, and could also suggest that body movements may act as a co-factor in a process, comprising other physiological changes, leading to state shifts.

Body movements during night sleep in healthy elderly subjects and their relationships with sleep stagesBody movements in sleep of the elderly

In order to enlighten the profile of body movements during sleep at old age, the night sleep of twelve elderly subjects was polygraphically investigated; seven young healthy subjects were the control group. Significantly less body movements during sleep were found in the elderly compared to young subjects, meaning that the decrease in the number of body movements observed from infancy to childhood up to adulthood also continues at later ages. Differently from young adult, whose sleep body movements mainly occur in stage REM, no specific sleep state and/or stage was preferentially associated with the occurrence of body movements in the elderly. These data may point to an age-related modification in the interaction between motor cortex control and subcortical circuits. Furthermore, when body movements occur in elderly individuals, they are significantly more often followed in the next 60 s by a sleep stage change or by a spontaneous behavioural awakening. This might reflect a peculiar inability of elderly subjects to sustain stable states, and could also suggest that body movements may act as a co-factor in a process, comprising other physiological changes, leading to state shifts.

Effects of low levels of road traffic noise during the night: a laboratory study on number of events, maximum noise levels and noise sensitivity

The objective of the laboratory study presented here was to elucidate the importance of the number of noise events of a relatively low maximum noise level for sleep disturbance effects (body movements, subjective sleep quality, mood and performance). Twelve test persons slept eight nights under home-like laboratory settings. During four of these nights, each test person was exposed to 16, 32, 64 and 128 noise events respectively from recorded road traffic noise at a maximum noise level of 45 dB(A). All test persons (aged 20–42 years) considered themselves rather or very sensitive towards noise. The results show a significant decrease in subjective sleep quality at 32 noise events per night. At 64 noise events, 50% of the test persons experienced difficulties in falling asleep and, as compared with quiet nights, the time required to fall asleep was on average 12 minutes longer. The occurrence of body movements was significantly related to the reported number of awakenings, and the number of body movements was three times higher during the noisy periods of the night as compared with the quiet periods, indicating acute noise effects. The results of a vigilance test indicate that noise during the night might prolong the time needed to solve the test. Finally, and regardless of number of noise events, a significant increase in tiredness during the day was found after nights with noise exposure. In the paper comparisons are also made with earlier experiments using maximum noise levels of 50 and 60 dB(A).

Motor Abnormalities During Sleep in Patients with Childhood Hereditary Progressive Dystonia, and Their Unaffected Family Members

The structure of sleep and number of body movements (BMS) and periodic leg movements during sleep (PMS), were studied in three unrelated girls suffering from L-DOPA responsive hereditary dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation and in their 11 healthy, close relatives. All three girls had an increased number of BMS during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Five of the six parents and three siblings had abnormal PMS. One pair of parents had BMS similar to those of their affected daughter. The occurrence of BMS and PMS in the families studied may indicate a common mechanism for both. Because familial PMS is quite rare in its pure form, and this type of dystonia is also rarely encountered, the occurrence of BMS and PMS in members of these families may imply a causative relation between these two sleep-related motor phenomena.