Occupational Standards Research Articles

Challenges Facing Trainees in Practical Skills Acquisition: The Case of Some TVET Colleges of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

The major purpose of this study was to investigate challenges facing trainees in practical skill Acquisition in Some TVET Colleges of Oromia regional state. To attain this objectives, 180 (81 male, 42 female trainees) and 41 male and 6 female trainers, totally (180) respondents were selected using simple random sampling from five Colleges of Oromia regional state. Moreover, 5 Deans, 5 training process owners and 10 head departments of each sample colleges were purposely selected and included in the interview. The central question is What are the major challenges facing trainees in practical skill Acquisition in same TVET Colleges of Oromia regional state? To this end, Self report questionnaire and structural interview are the main tools for this research. The collected questionnaire is analyzed mainly by employing qualitative and quantitative approach. Simple percentage, mean and standard deviation are the main methods of data analysis. The analysis of data revealed that the major challenges facing trainees in practical skills Acquisition are shortage of training materials, incompatibility of training material with occupational standards, less attention given by the college to industrial attachments and the gap of trainers in applying the existing materials at practical training session. Likewise, there are trainers, who were carelessness in demonstrating their professional knowledge during practical skill training. The preparation of TTLM is different from college to college. Based on the findings, recommendations were made for concerned body to complement the colleges effort in the provision of basic training tools with given special packages and the colleges advised of effective industrial attachment schemes that will enable trainees to identify and gain practical knowledge required for the workplace through hands-on experience in local industries. Furthermore, central preparation of TTLM is recommended for the uniform provision training throughout the country. More importantly, for the quality betterment of practical skill training, concerned authority are advice to adopt project based training instead of competency based training which is currently in practice. Keywords: Challenges, Assessment, occupational standards, trainees, trainers, center of competency, project based training, competency based training. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-4-02 Publication date: February 28 th 2021

Methods of geometric modeling and computer graphics based on the WorldSkills Occupational Standards “Engineering CAD Software”

This article examines the questions of preparation of students of technical specialties in the higher educational institutions based on the WorldSkills Occupational Standards “Engineering CAD Software”. The relevance of implementation of 3D modeling standards in modern computer-aided design systems into the educational process is substantiated by the need in preparation of highly qualified internationally recognized specialists in different industry fields. The author analyzed competitive tasks of the WorldSkills championships, as well as assesses the importance of graphic training for the development of competences of a modern specialist, who use CAD in their professional activity. The article examines the methodology of geometric-graphic preparation of students of the specialty 15.05.01 Design of Technological Machines and Complexes, specialization in the Design of Metallurgical Machines and Complexes, implemented in the Magnitogorsk State Technical University. A distinct advantage of this methodology is the use of various CAD software and development of the skills for manual sketching of details of mechanical engineering within the framework of studying engineering graphics. The results are acquired of successful implementation of competitive tasks of the Worldskills championships in the educational process. The author concludes that the use of the developed methodology in educational process allowed improving the efficiency of preparation of students.

TVET Curriculum Mapping and Its Responsiveness to the Labour Market Demand the Case of the Building Construction Fields in Ethiopia

The primary aim of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is to prepare for the country labour force meeting needs of the labour market, to enable people contribute to sustainable social, economic, environment and industrial development. Ethiopia has implemented the outcome-based Technical and Vocational Education and Training system since 2007. The Ethiopian outcome-based TVET system is a training delivery approach in which the labour market demand is identified and Occupational Standards (OS) are developed by industry and then the curriculum is developed based on the OS developed. Both the Ethiopian occupational standard (EOS) and the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) curriculum derived from the OS have similar architectural structural mapping. The main objective of this article was to assess how the TVET curriculum mapping in the case of the building construction fields in Ethiopia responds to labour market demand. The main data gathering instruments used in the study were interviews and document analysis. The interviews were held with the TVET stakeholders such as the Federal and Regional TVET curriculum development officials, the TVET college principals, the HoDs and TVET trainers. The documents that were reviewed included the Ethiopian National TVET Strategy and other TVET working documents such as the Ethiopian Occupational Standard and the TVET Curriculum Development manuals as well as other literature related to the study. It is found out that the curricula of building construction fields are the direct and one-to-one conversion of their respective Occupational Standards. The findings again revealed that the general TVET curriculum mapping of the building construction fields have not addressed the country’s labour market demand and training needs. As a result of this, it was noted that the participants were not comfortable with the curriculum mapping of building construction fields laid by the Ethiopian TVET Authority. The paper concludes that the TVET curriculum should not necessarily have been the direct mirror and reflection of its OS when curriculum mapping was designed as it does not reflect the real societal and training needs of students.

Применение обучающих модулей при формировании риск-ориентированного мышления специалистов нефтедобывающей отрасли

Introduction. The relevance of the presented work is, first of all, due to the significant number of employees of oil companies. There are more than a million of such specialists working in Russia. At the same time, world statistics claim that more than a third of critical deviations in the health indicators of workers are associated with harmful production factors. In order to avoid the relevant risks, it is important, in particular, to organize productive training in labor safety standards and rules, and to form risk-oriented thinking. Problem Statement. The conducted research is aimed, first, at identifying typical occupational risks in the field of oil production. The Standard Regulation on the Occupational Health and Safety Management System developed by the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation is used as the basis for classification. Secondly, the features of modular training in labor safety standards and rules, taking into account the risks in the workplace, are justified. Theoretical Part. The regulatory and legal framework of labor protection, including enterprises with high accident risks, is considered. The paper provides key professions and main labor functions taking into account the production practices of two oil-producing enterprises operating in Russia. The analysis of actual workplaces and regulatory documents allowed us to establish typical occupational risks for the specialties under consideration. The recommendations for improving the system of training in labor safety standards and rules are proposed. Conclusions. Occupational risks are identified from the list of hazards presented in the Standard Regulation on the Occupational Health and Safety Management System. The recommendations for the implementation of the identified occupational risks in the system of training in occupational safety standards and rules are proposed. With this information, you can reduce the time spent on identifying occupational risks in oil production, which generally optimizes the risk management of this field.

Analysis of the dynamic growth of the hazardous industry development index and ways to reduce industrial accidents

Labor protection is a system of ensuring the safety of life and health of workers in the process of work, including legal, socio-economic, sanitary and hygienic, psychophysical, treatment and prophylactic, rehabilitation and other measures. The functions of labor protection are the study of sanitation and occupational hygiene, the implementation of measures to reduce the influence of harmful factors on the body of workers in the process of work. The main method of labor protection is the use of safety measures. At the same time, two main tasks are solved: the creation of machines and tools, when working with which the danger to humans is excluded, and the development of special protective equipment that ensures human safety in the labor process, as well as training workers in safe working practices and the use of protective equipment, conditions are created for safe work.The main goal of improving working conditions is to achieve a social effect, i.e. ensuring labor safety, preserving the life and health of workers, reducing the number of accidents and diseases at work.Improving working conditions also yields economic results: an increase in profits (due to an increase in labor productivity); reduction of costs associated with compensation for work with harmful and difficult working conditions; reduction of losses associated with injuries, occupational morbidity; decrease in staff turnover, etc. The main document in the normative and technical documentation is the normative act “Occupational safety standards system”.

Dependence of the influence of dynamic development at hazardous industrial enterprises of high labor protection requirements and their impact on mortality from accidents

At the same time, two main tasks are solved: the creation of machines and tools, when working with which the danger to humans is excluded, and the development of special protective equipment that ensures human safety in the labor process, as well as training workers in safe working practices and the use of protective equipment, conditions are created for safe work.The main goal of improving working conditions is to achieve a social effect, i.e. ensuring labor safety, preserving the life and health of workers, reducing the number of accidents and diseases at work.Improving working conditions also yields economic results: an increase in profits (due to an increase in labor productivity); reduction of costs associated with compensation for work with harmful and difficult working conditions; reduction of losses associated with injuries, occupational morbidity; decrease in staff turnover, etc. The main document in the normative and technical documentation is the normative act “Occupational safety standards system”.

Survey of Occupational Therapy Education in Telehealth

Telehealth delivered occupational therapy services are increasing, and students will need to be prepared to safely and ethically deliver telehealth services. Occupational therapy education standards require that students demonstrate knowledge of telehealth and related technology. However, there is a limited discussion in the literature on how programs are preparing students to deliver services via telehealth. This explanatory mixed methods study examined telehealth education in entry-level occupational therapy programs to understand if and how students are learning about telehealth. The quantitative portion involved a survey of 429 occupational therapy programs in the United States. The qualitative part involved four survey respondents in an interview. The low survey response rate (11.89%; N=51) brings into question if programs are comfortable talking about how they are meeting telehealth education standards. Survey respondents reported the use of lecture (98%) and electronic health records (55.1%) as the most frequently cited methods to deliver educational content about telehealth. Half of the programs did not include interactive content for students to apply telehealth knowledge and skills. The least frequently cited content included interaction with robotic arms (2.2%), telemonitoring (20%), provision of services through telehealth (20%), and use of gaming systems (23.9%). Three themes emerged from the interviews: educational activities, telehealth technology, and curriculum planning. Participants discussed a desire to add content and strategies for overcoming barriers to telehealth education such as utilizing existing technology and utilizing resources and experts. Telehealth education is not advancing as quickly as needed for application in practice. Students could benefit from added telehealth learning opportunities to become competent in telehealth service delivery.

Color vision in civil aviation.

Color vision deficiency (CVD) is a condition that results in individuals being unable to distinguish differences between certain colors. Occupational color vision standards were introduced in aviation in 1919 by The Aeronautical Commission of the International Civil Air Navigation Authority. Concern has been expressed during the last few years that the current color vision standards in aviation may be too stringent and, at the same time, also variable across the world. The tests employed do not always reflect the tasks pilots encounter in today’s aviation environment. This ambiguity leads to the possible exclusion of deserving applicants for selection as aircrew. The compatibility of CVD with aircraft crew is assessed by medical personnel using clinical diagnosis tests on the ground level. These clinical tests were developed specifically to detect the presence, nature, and severity of CVD. No clinical tests yet provide a measure of operational performance in operating an aircraft. Arbitrary pass marks have been assigned to clinical tests such that a failing candidate will either be subject to operational restrictions or excluded completely. The prescribed clinical tests and associated pass marks vary considerably between regulators. While an individual may be subject to no restrictions in one jurisdiction, they may be excluded in another. This article highlights newer diagnostic techniques adopted by different countries for assessing color vision to see for the scope of evidence-based guidelines for minimum color vision requirements for flight crew as well as for civil aviation in India.

Риски повреждения здоровья в подразделениях ФПС МЧС России

Introduction. Risk assessment is an integral initial stage of the risk management procedure aimed at reducing damage to the health and life of employees. Currently, the legislation does not establish uniform concepts and criteria for assessing occupational risk. Scientific literature presents a variety of approaches and methods for assessing occupational risk from harmful and dangerous factors of industrial activity. Problem Statement. It is necessary to develop a model for assessing occupational risk in the units of the Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, which allows us to take into account the likelihood of harm to the health of an employee as a result of exposure to harmful and (or) dangerous industrial factors and the severity of health disorders as a result of such exposure. Theoretical Part. For the assessment of occupational risk in the units of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of EMERCOM of Russia, we take the definition of risk established by the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 12.0.010-2009 "Occupational safety standards system. Occupational safety and health management systems. Hazard and risks identification and estimation of risks". The assessment of the probability of causing harm to the health of an employee was carried out using the following indicators: the frequency of injuries, the frequency of death, the frequency of disability. The severity of health disorder was assessed through the indicator of labor loss by personnel from health damage. Conclusion. The paper considers various methods for assessing occupational risk from harmful and hazardous factors of industrial activity. A mathematical model is proposed for assessing the risk of health damage in the units of the Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia on the principle of labor loss by personnel from various types of health damage. Its values were calculated for employees of the Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia for 2015-2019.

An investigation and analysis of working environment pollution in a lighter manufacturer

In odder to control and eliminate environmental pollution at the source and protect the health of workers, the noise and air quality of the working environment of a lighter manufacturer were investigated, sampled and tested on site by using the national standard method. The results showed that the noise of 8h Leq value in ultrasonic welding post was 87.5dB (A), which exceeded the national occupational health standard. The noise for 8h Leq value, dust and liquefied petroleum gas content of the other post were lower than that of the national occupational health standard limits. Comprehensive and effective pollution control measures are put forward

Dynamic change in the assessment of labor protection conditions at technological enterprises

Labor protection is a system of ensuring the safety of life and health of workers in the process of work, including legal, socio-economic, sanitary and hygienic, psychophysical, treatment and prophylactic, rehabilitation and other measures. The functions of labor protection are the study of sanitation and occupational hygiene, the implementation of measures to reduce the influence of harmful factors on the body of workers in the process of work. The main method of labor protection is the use of safety measures. At the same time, two main tasks are solved: the creation of machines and tools, when working with which the danger to humans is excluded, and the development of special protective equipment that ensures human safety in the labor process, as well as training workers in safe working practices and the use of protective equipment, conditions are created for safe work.The main goal of improving working conditions is to achieve a social effect, i.e. ensuring labor safety, preserving the life and health of workers, reducing the number of accidents and diseases at work.Improving working conditions also yields economic results: an increase in profits (due to an increase in labor productivity); reduction of costs associated with compensation for work with harmful and difficult working conditions; reduction of losses associated with injuries, occupational morbidity; decrease in staff turnover, etc. The main document in the normative and technical documentation is the normative act “Occupational safety standards system”.

Analysis of the implementation of occupational safety and health standards at manufacturing companies in the city of Valledupar.

IntroductionOccupational safety and health is a process that requires the adoption of measures that guarantee the physical, social and mental wellness of a person, under normative parameters that must be met, supervised, and controlled.ObjectivesTo diagnose occupational safety and health conditions at manufacturing companies in the city of Valledupar, Colombia.MethodsThe study focused on the development of a diagnosis on occupational health and safety conditions at manufacturing companies, based on the application of two instruments which focused mainly on identifying socioeconomic conditions of workers and determining the compliance status of the minimum occupational health and safety standards.ResultsAccording to the determined socioeconomic conditions of the workers participating in the study, it was found that, on average, the companies are complying with only 23% of all the requirements established in the resolution 0312 of 2019.ConclusionsSeventy percent of workers affirm that their companies are not taking any action to implement safety and health procedures at work.

Training of math teachers on development of test materials for assessment of students’ academic performance

The subject of this research is the question of advanced training of math teachers on organization of tests for assessment of students’ academic performance. The author determines the problems associated with ineptitude of the teachers to develop materials for testing academic achievements, insufficiency of advanced training courses dedicated to diagnostic and assessment of academic performance of students, lack of theoretical knowledge for conducting diagnostic procedures. Special attention is given to the requirements to professional competences of teachers in the area of assessment of students’ academic performance, formulated in the occupational standards of pedagogues, Federal State Educational Standard of public education, and Concept of Mathematical Education of the Russian Federation. The definitions of pedagogical diagnostic testing formulated by K. Ingenkamp, I. P. Podlasy, V. M. Polonsky, A. B. Vorontsov are presented; the stages of diagnostic testing activity are outlined. As one of the solutions, the author describes the training experience of math teachers of Novosibirsk in the classes of consulting center and creative team, arranged by the Municipal Center of Education Development on the premises of Gymnasium No.10. The scientific novelty consists in elaboration of training course for the teachers (thematic content is presented in the article) and its implementation by the author. Activity of the center and creative team received the awards of city and regional contests “Secret of Success”, “Innovations in Education”, and “Educational Siberia”. In the beginning of training, the teacher were offered to fill in the questionnaire for defining their goals from taking these classes. Some of the survey results are provided in the article. Although the training of teachers is still in progress, their feedback and awards of pedagogical contests hold out a hope that its is the right path.

A Review of National Occupational Standards and the Role of Human Resource Development in their Implementation

This review of the literature focuses on an increasingly prevalent global phenomenon known as national occupational standards (NOSs). As the term suggests, NOSs present specific information describing the requirements for individuals’ qualifications to enter and perform successfully in a specific occupation. Many countries rely upon information from NOSs as part of their broader workforce development efforts. In spite of their prevalence, there remain critical questions about their eventual adoption by employers, a situation that HRD researchers could potentially help address based on the unique perspective of the HRD field. This paper seeks to review what is known about NOSs, to discuss the challenges related to their implementation at the organizational and national levels, and finally, to propose how HRD researchers, through their unique perspectives, might contribute to addressing the challenges most commonly encountered when implementing NOSs. It is expected that through this greater awareness, HRD professionals might be able to advance the effective use of this important global phenomenon.

Developing Occupational Standards in the Agricultural Domain: Challenges and Relevant Results in the Education System

Developing Occupational Standards in the Agricultural Domain: Challenges and Relevant Results in the Education System

Determination of mifepristone in workplace air by ultra-performance liquid chromatography

Objective: To establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of mifepristone in the air of workplaces. Methods: From January to July 2018, glass fiber filter membrane was used to collect mifepristone in the workplace air, eluted with acetonitrile/water solution, and determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-UV method. Results: The detection limit of mifepristone determination method was 0.005 μg/ml, the lower limit of quantification was 0.015 μg/ml, and the lowest detection concentration was 0.14 μg/m(3) (calculated by collecting 75 L air samples) . The concentration of mifepristone has a good linear relationship between 0.015-40.24 μg/ml, r=0.9999. The accuracy and elution efficiency of the method were calculated based on the recovery rate, ranging from 92.7% to 100.0%. The average sampling efficiency was 99.6%-100.0%. The intra-assay precision of the method was 0.92% to 5.41%, and the inter-assay precision was 0.89% to 6.25%. The sample could be stored stably for 3 days at 4°C. Conclusion: The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method for determination of mifepristone is easy to operate, and its indicators meet the requirements of GBZ/T 201.4-2008 "Guidelines for the Establishment of Occupational Hygiene Standards Part 4: Methods for Determination of Chemical Substances in Workplace Air", which is suitable for the detection of mifepristone in the air of the workplace.

New requirements for power frequency electric field and induced current personal protective equipment

In conditions of exceeding the maximum permissible levels of power frequency electric field, the staff must use personal protective equipment. Requirements for such means are regulated by the system of occupational safety standards. The goal of this work is analyzed new requirements for power frequency and induced personal protective equipment in the regulatory interstate standards GOST 12.4.172 and GOST 12.4.283. The personal protective equipment new requirements for various types of work are substantiated to electrical personnel health safety during the maintenance and operation of power grid facilities. Increasing requirements for personal protective equipment improves the staff protection at ground potential and at wire potential, including in emergency situations such as induced and step voltage.

The purpose and objectives of the labor protection service at the enterprise

The main goal of improving working conditions is to achieve a social effect, i.e. ensuring labor safety, preserving the life and health of workers, reducing the number of accidents and diseases at work. Improving working conditions also yields economic results: an increase in profits (due to an increase in labor productivity); reduction of costs associated with compensation for work with harmful and difficult working conditions; reduction of losses associated with injuries, occupational morbidity; decrease in staff turnover, etc. The main document in the normative and technical documentation is the normative act “Occupational safety standards system”.

Labor protection of operators and workers at a machine-building enterprise

Improving working conditions also yields economic results: an increase in profits (due to an increase in labor productivity); reduction of costs associated with compensation for work with harmful and difficult working conditions; reduction of losses associated with injuries, occupational morbidity; decrease in staff turnover, etc. The main document in the normative and technical documentation is the normative act “Occupational safety standards system”.

Association between Indoor Air Quality Parameters (PM2.5, CO2, and Bioaerosols) in Children Day Care Centres with and without Air Purifier in Bangi.

Introduction: The use of air purifiers have been demonstrated to reduce the level of indoor air quality (IAQ) parameters, thus these may give beneficial effects to the human health. Studies on the effectivity of air purifier in the indoor settings are still limited especially in sensitive environmental settings such as daycare centres. Objective: This study aims to determine the concentration of IAQ parameters between daycare centres with and without the use of an air purifier. Methodology: Purposive sampling was used in selecting the daycare centre with (DC3) and without air purifier (DC1 and DC2) within Bangi areas. The walkthrough inspection was conducted and 5 parameters of IAQ including PM2.5, CO2, bioaerosol (bacterial and fungal), relative humidity and temperature were assessed in this study. A standardized and modified questionnaire adopted from The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) was distributed to 46 parents to assess sociodemographic and respiratory symptoms among their children. Result: The result showed that there is a significant difference between PM2.5, CO2, bacteria and fungi concentration in studied areas. Daycare centres with air purifiers (DC3) found the lowest concentration of PM2.5 (18.2 µg/m3) and bacterial count (148 CFU/m3) except for fungal counts and CO2 level. The finding showed that PM2.5 in daycare centres without air purifier (DC1) had the highest (39.1µg/m3). All IAQ parameters not exceed the National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQs) and Department of Occupational, Safety and Health (DOSH) standards. All respiratory symptoms showed no significant difference between daycare with and without air purifier except for asthma symptoms. The higher number of children in the DCs without air purifiers experiences a productive cough and allergic reaction compared to the DC with an air purifier. Conclusion: The finding suggests that the daycare centers with air purifiers can improve IAQ and lower the risk of respiratory symptoms among the centre’s building occupants.