Occupational Poisoning Research Articles

Hysterical paralysis after occupational poisoning: a report of 12 case

Hysterical paralysis after occupational poisoning: a report of 12 case

Analysis on the characteristics of acute occupational poisoning events in Yunnan, 2004-2019

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute occupational poisoning in Yunnan province, so as to provide basis for formulating prevention and control measures of acute occupational poisoning in Yunnan province. Methods: In December 2019, the information of acute occupational poisoning events reported in Yunnan province from 2004 to 2019 was collected, and the epidemiological distribution, event classification, industry characteristics, poison types and poisoning causes were analyzed. Results: A total of 47 acute occupational poisoning incidents were reported in Yunnan province from 2004 to 2019, with 562 poisoning cases and 51 deaths (case fatality rate of 9.07%) . The regions with the largest number of reported incidents were Kunming and Qujing, with 12 incidents (25.53%) and 10 incidents (21.28%) respectively; The majority of incidents was relatively large (31 incidents, 65.96%) , and the industry was mainly distributed in the chemical industry (19 incidents, 40.43%) and metallurgy (15 incidents, 31.91%) . The most poisonous poisons were carbon monoxide (10 incidents, 21.28%) and arsine (9 incidents, 19.15%) . The main causes of poisoning included not using personal protective equipment or poor equipment (25 incidents, 53.19%) , failure to formulate or violate safety operating procedures (15 incidents, 31.91%) . Conclusion: Acute occupational poisoning incidents occur from time to time in Yunnan province, and the fatality rate is high. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of key areas and industries.

Pharmacotherapy of insomnia in patients with occupational chronic mercury intoxication

Introduction. Among occupational poisoning, chronic mercury intoxication (CMI) in the Irkutsk region occupies a leading position. Objective. To give a comparative analysis of the methods of pharmacotherapy of sleep disorders in patients in the long-term CRI. Material and methods. The study included 60 patients with long-term CRI, divided into two equal groups of 30 cases: in the first, the average age was 56.0 ± 0.7, in the second, the average age was 57.1 ± 3.0. Questionnaires were conducted using the hospital scale of anxiety and depression, electroencephalographic, polysomnographic studies before and after treatment. During the study, two treatment regimens for sleep disorders were implemented: the first regimen included the administration of an antidepressant (trazodone) and the chemical analog of melatonin (melaxen), and the second regimen was zolpidem. Statistical processing of the research results was carried out using the software package “Statistica 6.0”. Results. After treatment, in the first group there was an increase in the duration of the total sleep time (p = 0.0008), a decrease in the time of falling asleep (p = 0.004), a decrease in the total number of activations (p = 0.00005), and the time of wakefulness in bed (p = 0.0018), an increase in the representation of delta sleep (p = 0.03), and REM sleep (p = 0.004), an increase in the sleep efficiency index (p = 0.0008), and a decrease in the integrative sleep quality index (p = 0.001). In the second group, only a decrease in the latent period of stage 1 (time of falling asleep) was established (p = 0.05). Discussion. After treatment with trazodone in combination with melaxen, a decrease in the severity of presomnic and intrasomnic disorders was found, and in patients taking zolpidem, only the severity of presomnic disorders was reduced. The results confirm the hypothesized cause of dissominal disorders in CRI (changes in the activity of the limbic-reticular complex). Conclusion. The use of trazodone in combination with melaxen proves the improvement of the qualitative and quantitative indices of the structure of night sleep in patients in the long-term postexposure period of CRI.

Treatment outcome analysis of 23 cases of occupational inhalation severe methanol poisoning

Treatment outcome analysis of 23 cases of occupational inhalation severe methanol poisoning

Clinical analysis of 10 cases of acute occupational poisoning caused by acetonitrile

Objective: To investigate the first aid diagnosis and treatment of acute inhalation acetonitrile poisoning and to improve the ability of clinicians to diagnose and treat the disease. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on the diagnosis and treatment of 10 cases of acute occupational poisoning caused by acetonitrile gas, and clinical experience was summarized. Results: All the poisoned patients were cured and discharged after rescue and cooperation from various specialties. Conclusion: Acetonitrile poisoning treatment early to take the right first aid measures is the key, while safety education, training and enterprise supervision can not be ignored.

Study of methylation of mitochondrial MT-COI of benzene poisoning

Objective: To research the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (MT-COI) gene methylation levels in patients with occupational chronic benzene poisoning, and to explore effective molec μlar biomarkers in patients with occupational chronic benzene poisoning. Methods: 38 confirmed cases of occupational chronic benzene poisoning were selected in the case group. 46 healthy people who underwent physical in our hospital were selected in the control group. Pyrosequencing was used to detect the methylation sites of methylation sites, flow cytometry was used to detect peripheral blood cell count levels, and non-parametric statistical methods were used to analyze the differences in detection results between the two groups. Results: The methylation level of mitochondrial MT-COI site 1 (2.21±0.81) % in the case group was less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The methylation level of mitochondrial MT-COI site 2 (2.31±0.96%) in the case group was less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The methylation average level of mitochondrial MT-COI (2.26±0.75) % in the case group was less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Analysis of the average level of methylation found that the methylation level of mitochondrial MT-COI was correlated with WBC (P<0.05) . Analysis of the average level of methylation found that the methylation level of mitochondrial MT-COI was correlated with platelets (r=0.254、0.280, P<0.05) . Conclusion: The level of mitochondrial MT-COI gene methylation in patients with occupational chronic benzene poisoning may be related to the sensitivity to benzene exposure. Mitochondrial MT-COI gene methylation may serve as a potential predictive biomarker for benzene poisoning.

Immunological Risk Factors for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Chrysotile Asbestos Workers

Introduction: The paper presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the incidence rates of community-acquired pneumonia in chrysotile miners and millers in comparison with the adult population of a municipality. It also demonstrates findings of the study of some immune response parameters in Streptococcus pneumoniae carriers among chrysotile asbestos workers. The objective of the research was to study specifics of the development of community-acquired pneumonia and to determine immune indices in healthy workers (Streptococcus pneumoniae carriers) occupationally exposed to chrysotile asbestos. Materials and methods: First, we analyzed community-acquired pneumonia incidence rates in chrysotile asbestos workers. For the retrospective analysis, we extracted comprehensive emergency notifications about cases of infectious disease, food poisoning, acute occupational poisoning, community-acquired pneumonia, and vaccine adverse reactions (Form 058/u) from the Epidemiologic Surveillance Information System maintained by the Sverdlovsk Regional Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology and Federal Statistics Form No. 2 “Information about Infectious and Parasitic Diseases” in the Sverdlovsk Region. We defined jobs and formed three groups of workers with high incidence rates of community-acquired pneumonia: group 1 included workers involved in extraction and transportation of chrysotile asbestos, group 2 consisted of workers of the ore-dressing factory while group 3 included workers of auxiliary subdivisions (logistics, security, administration, central automated control station). In 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2019, the incidence rate of community-acquired pneumonia in workers was significantly higher. The annual increase had been observed since 2016 and reached its maximum of 1,032.97±158.88 in 2019 exceeding the long-term average rate in the industry and the town by 12.77 % and 15 %, respectively. We assessed the immune status and performed a comparative analysis of immunological indices in 143 workers of selected jobs, both carriers and noncarriers of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The carriers demonstrated a significant increase in the production immunoglobulin E indicating general sensitization and immunoglobulin G, a significantly lower relative count of mature T cells, and a higher lymphocyte count in the populations of natural killer cells.

Epidemiological characteristics and diagnosis of suspected occupational diseases in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2018

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and late diagnosis of suspected occupational diseases in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2018. Methods: The cases of suspected occupational diseases reported in Guangzhou from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2018 were collected and followed up to the end of 2018. The cases of suspected occupational diseases were analyzed statistically. Results: A total of 1502 suspected occupational cases were reported in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2018, including suspected occupational otorhinolaryngological and oral diseases (58.59%, 880/1502) , suspected occupational chronic poisoning (25.03%, 376/1502) and suspected occupational pneumoconiosis (11.72%, 176/1502) . The key reporting areas were Huangpu District (27.50%, 413/1502) and Panyu District (20.91%, 314/1502) . The key reporting industries were manufacturing industry (80.36%, 1207/1502) , among which railway, ship, aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industry (13.26%, 160/1207) , automobile manufacturing industry (12.51%, 151/1207) and general equipment manufacturing industry (10.19%, 123/1207) were the main industries. The main type of reported economy was private economy (39.95%, 600/1502) . The scale of the key reporting enterprises was medium and small-sized enterprises (31.09%, 467/1502 and 34.62%, 520/1502) . As of December 31, 2018, 263 cases were diagnosed with occupational diseases, and the diagnosis rate was 17.51%. Conclusion: The number of suspected occupational diseases reported in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2018 is large, and the overall diagnosis rate of suspected occupational diseases is low. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management of key diseases, key regions, and key industries of suspected occupational diseases. It is suggested that the reporting system of suspected occupational diseases should be standardized as soon as possible.

Occupational diseases of chemical etiology at the enterprises in the Russian Arctic

Chemicals are among the most common harmful production factors causing occupational pathology among workers in various industries. The purpose of the study was to investigate the conditions of development, prevalence and structure of occupational diseases of chemical etiology among employees of enterprises in the Russian Arctic. Materials and methods. The analysis included results of the monitoring study «Working conditions and occupational morbidity» of the population of the Arctic zone of Russia in 2007–2018. Results. It was established that in 2007–2018, at the enterprises in the Arctic, the share of chemicals in the structure of harmful production factors was 8.0 %, and their impact was associated with the development of 7.7 % of cases of occupational pathology mainly among metallurgists of nickel and miners of mining enterprises. The risk of contact with harmful chemicals in 2007 was higher than in 2018: RR = 1.40; CI 1.38–1.43; p &lt; 0.0001. Most often, the development of occupational diseases was caused by water-insoluble nickel compounds (40.6 %) and nickel hydroaerosols (27.2 %). The structure of the pathology of chemical etiology was dominated by chronic bronchitis (43.2 %), intoxication with metals and gases (19.3 %) and bronchial asthma (19.0 %). Acute forms of intoxication occurred mainly in miners exposed to carbon oxides (84.6 %), and chronic ones when in metallurgists exposed to nickel compounds (88.2 %). In 2007–2018, there was a decrease in the number of occupational diseases of chemical etiology. The risk of their development in 2007–2009 was higher than in 2016–2018: RR = 1.49; CI 1.21–1.83; χ2 = 14.7; p = 0.0001. Conclusion. To reduce the risk of occupational intoxications, first of all, it is necessary to reduce exposure to nickel compounds and carbon oxides by means of the technical modernization of production and use of modern personal protective equipment for workers.

Aberrant expression of miRNA-192-5p contributes to N,N-dimethylformamide-induced hepatic apoptosis.

Excessive exposure to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) can lead to occupational liver poisoning in workers; however, the underlying mechanism is not fully clarified. The importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in chemical-induced hepatotoxicity has been demonstrated. To determine whether miRNAs are also involved in DMF-induced hepatotoxicity, we systematically analyzed the miRNA expression profiles in DMF-treated (75 and 150 mm) HL-7702 liver cells and controls by high-throughput sequencing. Among the altered miRNAs, miR-192-5p was the most significantly upregulated in HL-7702 cells after DMF exposure and was involved in DMF-mediated cell apoptosis. By contrast, suppression of miR-192-5p in HL-7702 cells attenuated the apoptosis induced by DMF. Furthermore, the anti-apoptotic gene (NIN1/RPN12 binding protein 1 homolog [NOB1]) was predicted to be a potential miR-192-5p target according to bioinformatics analysis. The direct interaction between miR-192-5p and NOB1 was confirmed by the dual-luciferase activity assay in HEK293FT cells. Overexpression of miR-192-5p efficiently reduced NOB1 mRNA and protein expression in HL-7702 cells. Alteration in NOB1 expression influenced DMF-induced hepatotoxicity by affecting hepatic apoptosis. In addition, the inverse correlation between miR-192-5p expression levels and NOB1 expression was further confirmed in DMF-exposed mouse liver tissue samples. These observations demonstrated that promotion of apoptosis from the suppression of NOB1 by miR-192-5p overexpression was responsible for the DMF-induced hepatotoxicity. This work provides the molecular mechanism at the miRNA level for hepatic apoptosis induced by DMF.

Acute Pesticide Poisoning Case Registration in Uganda’s Health Care Facilities

Background: Over the years, synthetic pesticides use in Uganda has been on the rise mainly in combating pests, disease pathogens, and disease vectors, both in agriculture and public health. Although there is an increased import and use, the limited user knowledge has resulted into exposure to the toxic products causing both intentional and non-intentional poisonings. This study evaluates a simple tool to register acute pesticide poisoning cases in selected community health facilities. Method: In 2013, a total of 66 health care workers from 66 health facilities serving a population of 367,169 and 2.007 million in Pallisa and Wakiso districts respectively were trained on diagnosis, treatment, registration and reporting of acute pesticide poisoning. In addition over 250 members of Village Health Teams were trained to sensitise and refer any victims of pesticide poisoning to nearby health care facilities. Thereafter 1300 copies of case registration forms were distributed to trained health care workers in the 66 health facilities to capture attributes to pesticide poisonings including; patient demographic information, name of poisoning agent, type of poisoning exposure, observed signs and symptoms by patient, first aid/treatment administered, outcome of poisoning or referral to a higher facility. Partnering health facilities were visited on a monthly basis to collect filled forms and discuss any upcoming challenges. Also a feedback meeting with the health facility in charge were organised on a quarterly basis to rectify the data collection challenges. Collected data was entered, cleaned and analysed using Stata/SE14.0 Statistical package and graphs constructed with MS. Excel 13. A total of 393 acute pesticide poisoning cases were registered in 43/66 health facilities in a period of 5 years (2013-2017), with an annual average of 78.6 cases and 65.2% reporting. The mean age was 20.6 years (SD ± 17.4 years). Male cases were significantly older than females (p 30 years, 127/393 (32.3%). A majority of 215/393 (54.7%) cases were non-intentional poisoning of which 37/215 (17.2%) were occupational poisoning cases and 178/215 (82.8%) accidental poisoning cases, while 82/393 (20.9%) were intentional poisonings and the rest 96/393 (24.4%) listed among others. The health workers faced a challenge of inability to obtain names of pesticides that caused majority 301/393 (76.6%). However, known registered poisonings 58/393 (14.8%) by chemical group included; majority being Organophosphates 29/58 (50.0%), followed by Rodenticides (Coumarin & metal phosphide) 11/58 (19.0%), Pyrethroids 7/58 (12.1%), Phosphonates 5/58 (8.6%), Acaricides 3/58 (5.2%), Carbamates 1/58 (1.7%), Thiocarbamate 1/58 (1.7%) and phenoxy acids 1/58 (1.7%). Conclusion: Acute Pesticides Poisoning (APP) is an on-going health challenge that has not been prioritised yet by the country’s health sector. Organophosphate poisoning is the major cause of the poisonings. A majority of the poisonings were accidental poisonings seen in young age groups, followed by self-harm and occupational poisonings. This pilot serves as a guide for the country to build a robust pesticide poisoning surveillance system and pesticide access control mechanisms from end user to treatment facilities.

On the issue of manganese intoxication

Currently, the proportion of workers exposed to manganese compounds is quite high, but due to increased safety measures and changes in working conditions, the number of new cases of chronic occupational manganese intoxication has decreased significantly. an attempt has been madeAn attempt has been made to highlight the difficulties of differential diagnosis of occupational chronic manganese intoxication and other neurological diseases on the example of clinical cases of examination of persons with extrapyramidal system lesions in the form of early development of Parkinson’s disease. The assessment of complaints, medical history, neurological status, laboratory tests, and instrumental studies to find the probable cause of Parkinsonism was carried out. The interest of the observations lies in the difficulty of interpreting the data obtained and the importance of studying the professional route of patients. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, electromyography of the extremities, electroencephalography, echoencephalography, the study of the concentration of metabolites characteristic of Niemann-Pik disease, copper indicators in the blood help in making a correct diagnosis.When examining a contingent of people working in contact with manganese compounds, if they suspect chronic occupational manganese intoxication, it is important consider other diseases that lead to the development of Parkinson’s disease.The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Suicide by pesticide poisoning in India: a review of pesticide regulations and their impact on suicide trends

BackgroundPesticide self-poisoning is a common means of suicide in India. Banning highly hazardous pesticides from agricultural use has been successful in reducing total suicide numbers in several South Asian countries without affecting agricultural output. Here, we describe national and state-level regulation of highly hazardous pesticides and explore how they might relate to suicide rates across India.MethodsInformation on pesticide regulation was collated from agriculture departments of the central government and all 29 state governments (excluding union territories). National and state-level data on suicides from 1995 to 2015 were obtained from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). We used joinpoint analysis and negative binomial regression to investigate the trends in suicide rates nationally and in Kerala, in view of the robust measures Kerala has taken to restrict a number of HHPs, to identify any effect on suicides.ResultsAs of October 2019, 318 pesticides were registered for use in India, of which 18 were extremely (Class Ia) or highly (Class Ib) hazardous according to World Health Organization toxicity criteria. Despite many highly hazardous pesticides still being available, several bans have been implemented during the period studied. In our quantitative analyses we focused on the permanent bans in Kerala in 2005 (of endosulfan) and 2011 (of 14 other pesticides); and nationally in 2011 (of endosulfan). NCRB data indicate that pesticides were used in 441,918 reported suicides in India from 1995 to 2015, 90.3% of which occurred in 11 of the 29 states. There was statistical evidence of lower than expected rates of pesticide suicides (rate ratio [RR] 0.52, 95% CI 0.49–0.54) and total suicides nationally by 2014 (0.90, 0.87–0.93) after the 2011 endosulfan ban. In Kerala, there was a lower than expected rate of pesticide suicides (0.45, 0.42–0.49), but no change to the already decreasing trend in total suicides (1.02, 1.00–1.05) after the 2011 ban of 14 pesticides. The 2005 ban on endosulfan showed a similar effect – lower than expected pesticide suicides (0.79, 0.64–0.99), but no change to the decreasing trend of total suicides (0.97, 0.93–1.02) in 2010. There was no evidence of a decline in agricultural outputs following the bans.ConclusionHighly hazardous pesticides continue to be used in India and pesticide suicide remains a serious public health problem. However, some pesticide bans do appear to have impacted previous trends in the rates of both pesticide suicides and all suicides. Comprehensive national bans of highly hazardous pesticides could lead to a reduction in suicides across India, in addition to reduced occupational poisoning, with minimal effects on agricultural yield.

Occupational acute pesticide poisoning: a cross-sectional study of Turkish vegetable and fruit farmers based on self-reported symptoms and job characteristics.

Background:Occupational pesticide poisoning is an important public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries.Objectives:This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors of acute pesticide poisoning (APP) among the vegetable and fruit farmers in Karacabey District in northwest Turkey.Methods:The study group consisted of 565 farmers. The dependent variable of the study is APP defined according to the World Health Organization’s APP case definition matrix. The study’s independent variables are the farmers’ sociodemographic characteristics and the preventive measures they use when they are applying pesticides. The chi-square and logistic regression analysis analyzed the relationship between the dependent and independent variables.Results:A total of 64 (11.3%) farmers reported APP and 75% of them presented to a health institution due to symptoms. The factors associated with increased risk of APP were: illiteracy (odds ratio (OR)=2.5), 14 years and less farming experience (OR=3.3), not reading the pesticide labels (OR=6.4), and contact with liquid pesticides (OR=2.3).Conclusions:The study shows that approximately one out of ten farmers experience APP. Training programs should be planned and monitored to improve farmers’ awareness of the dangers of pesticides, and they should be encouraged to adopt and implement protective measures.

Mechanism in bradycardia induced by Trimethyltin chloride: Inhibition activity and expression of Na+/K+-ATPase and apoptosis in myocardia.

Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) is a stabilizer by-product in the process of manufacturing plastic, which is a kind of very strong toxic substance, and has acute, cumulative and chronic toxicity. TMT may cause bradycardia in patients with occupational poisoning, the mechanism of which has not been reported. This study explored the mechanism of TMT resulting in bradycardia of C57BL/6 mice. TMT was administered to mice to measure heart rate, serum succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) level, and myocardial Na+/K+-ATPase activity and expression. The effects of TMT on myocardial apoptosis were observed by changing the expressions of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 in myocardium. It was found that the heart rate and SDH activity in serum of mice gradually decreased with the increase of TMT dose compared with the control group. The activity and the expression of Na+/K+-ATPase in the heart tissue of mice exposed to TMT was measured and gradually decreased with the increase of dose and time. We measured the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 in the heart tissues of TMT exposed mice and found that the expressions of Bax, caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 increased and the expressions of Bcl-2 decreased in the heart tissues of the TMT-exposed mice at different doses. With the extension of TMT exposure time, the expression of Bax and caspase-3 increased and the expression of Bcl-2 decreased in the heart tissues of TMT exposed mice. Our findings suggest the mechanisms of TMT resulting in bradycardia may be associated with the inhibited activity and decreased content of Na+/K+-ATPase, thus further leading to the changes of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 in the mice's ventricular tissues.

Characteristics in the Distribution of Chronic Benzene Poisoning Associated Industries - 6 PLADs, China, 2005-2019.

What is already known on this topic? Starting in the early 1950s, the main industries in China associated with chronic benzene poisoning (CBP) included painting, pharmaceuticals, and shoemaking. However, because of rapid socioeconomic development, the distribution of industries associated with CBP likely changed. What is added by this report? From 2005 to 2019, CBP has become an increasingly important type of chronic occupational poisoning (COP) in China. CBP was mainly found to have occurred in manufacturing industries, especially private enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises. The sub-industry with the highest proportion of CBP cases was general and special equipment manufacturing, followed by chemical raw materials and chemical manufacturing. What are the implications for public health practice? CBP was found to be the main component of COP in China, so the supervision and management in manufacturing, especially in the medium-sized and small enterprises, need to be strengthened. Occupational benzene exposure limits should also be adjusted accordingly.

PREVALENCE OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES AMONG SMALL AND MEDIUM INDUSTRY WORKERS IN MALAYSIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Occupational diseases are one of the major health problems related to workplace hazards. However, the epidemiological data for this problem is scarce especially among Small and Medium Industry (SMI) workers. These workers are vulnerable to occupational health problem due to lack of knowledge and implementation of health and safety in the workplace. In Malaysia, most of the SMI workers have limited coverage for basic occupational health services which may worsen their health. Thus, this article aims to provide a review on the burden of occupational health problems among them. The electronic and library searches were used to extract the information from both published and unpublished articles that were not limited to any year of publication until 2017. One hundred and ninety-six published articles and 198 unpublished articles were retrieved from the database. Only 19 published articles and 25 unpublished articles met the eligibility criteria. Prevalence data of occupational diseases/poisoning, including overall and body specific (musculoskeletal disorders) was extracted in raw data from the eligible studies. Prevalent statistics on occupational musculoskeletal diseases (1.3% - 97.6%), noise-induced hearing loss (29.4% - 73.3%), occupational skin diseases (10.5% - 84.3%), respiratory (1.9% - 92.2%) and occupational poisoning (14.9% - 17.7%) among the working population is different within published papers compared to unpublished ones. In Malaysia, there are no specific statistic that give a true picture of the burden of occupational diseases in the SMI. However, this review concludes that musculoskeletal diseases are significant occupational problems among SMI workers.

Analysis on the characteristics of new occupational diseases in Changzhou City from 2006 to 2018

Objective: To explore the characteristics of new occupational diseases in Changzhou City from 2006 to 2018, and provide scientific basis for relevant departments to formulate prevention and control strategies. Methods: In July 2019, the data of new occupational diseases in Changzhou City from 2006 to 2018 were collected, and the distribution of new occupational diseases, such as disease types, regions, population, industries, economic types and scale of enterprises were analyzed. Results: From 2006 to 2018, a total of 432 new cases of occupational diseases were reported in Changzhou, mainly including occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (175 cases, 40.51%) , occupational chemical poisoning (130 cases, 30.09%) , and occupational otorhinolaryngological and oral diseases (83 cases, 19.21%) . There were 378 males (87.50%) and 54 females (12.50%) . The gender distribution of new occupational diseases in different categories was statistically significant (χ(2)=32.12, P<0.01) . The average age of onset was (48.3±12.2) years, of which 40-49 years (152 cases, 35.19%) were the most. The age distribution of new occupational diseases in different categories was statistically significant (χ(2)=157.53, P<0.01) . The average length of service was (9.38±9.05) years, and most of them were 1-9 years (175 cases, 40.51%) . Manufacturing industry (290 cases, 67.13%) and mining industry (78 cases, 18.06%) are the major industries; private economic enterprises (274 cases, 63.43%) and state-owned economic enterprises (74 cases, 17.13%) are the major economic types; small enterprises (295 cases, 68.29%) and medium-sized enterprises (75 cases, 17.36%) are the major enterprises. Conclusion: We should strengthen the prevention and control of occupational diseases in key areas, people, industries, etc, and the employer, workers and government department should exercise their rights and obligations together to do a good job in the prevention and control relevant of occupational diseases.

Characteristic analysis of organic fluorosis caused by appliying of touch screen anti-fingerprint nanocoating material

Objective: To analysis pathogenic conditions and pathogenic characteristics of organic fluorosis caused by applying of anti-fingerprint coating material on touch screen glass of the mobile phone. Methods: To collect clinical data and analyze the causes and pathogenic characteristics of poisoning through surveying occupational health, detecting occupational hazards in the workplace, collecting clinical data and diagnosing of occupational diseases. 6 employees in workshop 1 of packaging were as the organic fluorine exdposed group, and 16 employees in other workshops were as the non-exposed group. Results: Organic fluorine chemicals (perfluoro-1, 3-dimethylcyclohexane, hexadecafluoroheptane, perfluoro-hexane, perfluoromethy lopentane, perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene, etc.) can be volatilized by spraying and baking of anti-fingerprint nano-coating material on touch screen. The relative percentage of volatile components in air is 85.65%. Four cases of acute poisoning were caused by organic fluorosis deposited in a dustless air conditioning workshop with poor ventilation.The clinical manifestations of the patients were acute bronchitis, pulmonary edema and/or myocarditis. The average concentration of urine fluorine in the organic fluorine exposed group was 13.7± 4.4 mmol/mol creatinine, which was 4-5 times higher than that of other non-organic fluorine exposed groups. The difference of urine fluorine level between the organic fluorine exposed group and non exposed group was statistically significant (P<0.01) . The main indicators were abnormal for the blood oxygen saturation of finger pulse under suction air, leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, hypersensitivec-reactive protein, procalcitonin, l-lactate dehydrogenase, forebrain diuretic natriuretic peptide, hypersensitive troponin T in the four cases. One case was myocardial ischemia, four cases had bilateral lung symmetrically exudative lesions, one case was accompanied by a small amount of pleural pericardial effusion. Conclusion: Acute organofluorine poisoning can caused by the applying of the fingerprint nano-coating material on touch screen of the mobile phone. Attention should be paid to occupational poisoning caused by the applying of the small molecular perfluoroalkanes (olefins) in new industries, new processes and new materials.

Epidemiological characteristics and medical expenses of acute occupational poisoning hospitalization in 5 monitoring counties (cities, districts) of Shandong Province from 2012 to 2018

The data were drawn from injury hospitalization surveillance system in Shandong province. From 2012 to 2018, 164 cases of acute occupational poisoning were reported from five surveillance counties (cities, districts), accounting for 6.11% (164/2 683) of total accidental poisoning cases. The annual average reported incidence of acute occupational poisoning hospitalization was 1.15/100 000. The number of male cases was 3.3 times that of females (126 vs 38). The poisoning cases mainly occurred between January to May in a year and 5-7 AM within a day. Those cases were mainly caused by irritating gases (92 cases, 56.10%) and asphyxiating gases (53 cases, 32.32%), of which chlorine (71 cases) and carbon monoxide (50 cases) were the main reasons. The average hospitalization medical cost of acute occupational poisoning cases was 7 278.81 RMB per case.