Occupational Poisoning Research Articles

Epidemiological characteristics and medical expenses of acute occupational poisoning hospitalization in 5 monitoring counties (cities, districts) of Shandong Province from 2012 to 2018

The data were drawn from injury hospitalization surveillance system in Shandong province. From 2012 to 2018, 164 cases of acute occupational poisoning were reported from five surveillance counties (cities, districts), accounting for 6.11% (164/2 683) of total accidental poisoning cases. The annual average reported incidence of acute occupational poisoning hospitalization was 1.15/100 000. The number of male cases was 3.3 times that of females (126 vs 38). The poisoning cases mainly occurred between January to May in a year and 5-7 AM within a day. Those cases were mainly caused by irritating gases (92 cases, 56.10%) and asphyxiating gases (53 cases, 32.32%), of which chlorine (71 cases) and carbon monoxide (50 cases) were the main reasons. The average hospitalization medical cost of acute occupational poisoning cases was 7 278.81 RMB per case.

Epidemiological study of occupational diseases in Gansu province, China in 2010-2017

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational diseases in Gansu Province, China in 2010-2017, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods: The cluster sampling method was adopted to make statistical analysis of 1339 cases of occupational disease reported by "occupational disease and occupational health information monitoring system" in Gansu province from 2010 to 2017, to investigate the diseases, regions and industries of occupational diseases in June 2018. Results: A total of 1339 cases of occupational diseases (39 types, 8 classes) were diagnosed and reposed in 2010-2017. The three most frequent diseases were pneumoconiosis (87.53%, 1172/1339), occupational poisonings (5.83%, 78/1339), and occupational ear, nose, and throat (ENT) diseases (3.14%, 42/1339). The cases of silicosis accounted for 54.61% (640/1172) of all cases of pneumoconiosis, the second was coalworker pneumoconiosis, which accounted for 38.57% (452/1172). In the cases of occupational poisonings, 32.05% (25/78) suffered from carbon monoxide poisoning. Patients with occupational diseases were reported in 14 districts of Gansu, mostly in Lanzhou (27.52%, 347/1261), Jinchang (16.57%, 209/1261), and Baiyin (14.20%, 179/1261). The reported cases are mainly concentrated in mining (71.56%, 468/654) and manufacturing (21.87%, 143/654), the types of state-owned economy (55.63%, 692/1244) and private economy (33.68%, 419/1244), large (43.41%, 540/1244) and small enterprises (35.21%, 438/1244) in 2010-2017 in Gansu. Conclusion: The pneumoconiosis caused by silicious and coal dust and the occupational poisonings caused by carbon monoxide seem to be the main occupational hazards in Gansu province. Occupational diseases occur in all districts of Guangzhou and in various industries. The state-owned economy and private sector, large and small enterprises should be the focuses of occupational health supervision.

Investigation of the Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Lead Poisoning in Patients Referred to Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2016-2017

Investigation of the Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Lead Poisoning in Patients Referred to Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2016-2017. Lead poisoning is one of the most important problems worldwide, caused by occupational poisoning and opioid addiction.This descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was performed among patients with lead poisoning, who were referred to Baqiyatallah Hospital of Tehran, Iran during 2016-2017.

Acute pesticide poisonings epidemiology in El Salvador

Introduction. The extended distribution of pesticide facilitates the increase of pesticide poisoning in the developing countries. A rate of 35 × 100 000 people was reported in El Salvador. Objective. To describe the epidemiological situation of acute pesticide poisonings, registered in the public health system of El Salvador between 2012 and 2015. Methods. A cross sectional study that includes 5988 persons. The variables were evaluated through absolute value and percentage. The incidence rate per 100 000 habitants, was calculated. Spatial analysis was made through choropleth maps. Results. The annual mean of intoxicated was 1497. The most affected people have a mean of age of 31 years old (SD 17.2) mainly men (68.6%) from the rural area (74.7%). Almost half of intoxicated was a suicide attempt (48%) and 26.9 % was occupational intoxication. Most of 40 pesticides was identified as causative of intoxication. The 10.5 % of intoxicated died. The incidence rate was 94.6 × 100 000 people. In the 97 % of the municipalities was registered pesticide intoxication with a rate of 137.1 × 100 000 people. Conclusion. The people of all ages were affected by the pesticide poisoning, mainly the young men from the rural areas, who use the pesticide for suicidal attempt and most of them died.

Screening of Workers with Presumed Occupational Methanol Poisoning: The Applicablility of a National Active Occupational Disease Surveillance System.

BackgroundMethyl alcohol poisoning in mobile phone–manufacturing factories during 2015–2016 was caused by methyl alcohol use for cleaning in computerized numerical control (CNC) processes. To determine whether there were health complications in other workers involved in similar processes, the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute conducted a survey.MethodsWe established a national active surveillance system by collaborating with the Ministry of Employment and Labor and National Health Insurance Service. Employment and national health insurance data were used. Overall, 12,048 employees of major domestic mobile phone companies and CNC process dispatch workers were surveyed from 2016 to 2017. We investigated methyl alcohol poisoning by using the national health insurance data. Questionnaires were used to investigate diseases due to methyl alcohol poisoning.ResultsOverall, 24.9% of dispatched workers were employed in at least five companies, and 23.9% of dispatched workers had missing employment insurance history data. The prevalence of blindness including visual impairment, optic neuritis, visual disturbances, and alcohol toxicity in the study participants was higher than that reported in the national health insurance database (0.02%, 0.07%, 0.23%, and 0.03% versus 0.01%, 0.07%, 0.13%, and 0.01%, respectively, in 2015). Moreover, 430 suspicious workers were identified; 415 of these provided an address and phone number, of whom 48 responded (response rate, 11.6%). Among the 48 workers, 10 had diseases at the time of the survey, of whom 3 workers were believed to have diseases related to methyl alcohol exposure.ConclusionThis study revealed that active surveillance data can be used to assess health problems related to methyl alcohol poisoning in CNC processes and dispatch workers.

An investigation of an accident of acute mixed gas poisoning

An accident of mixed acute gas poisoning accident happened in a place in GuangDong in March 2018. To investigates three poisoning workers and related clinical data were summarized., we tested the field air and analyzed the accident reasons. This event due to the staff lack of occupational protection awareness and illegal operation. The working environment must be ventilated before limited space operation, and must be sure that the limited space is safe by toxic gas monitoring. In case of occupational acute gas poisoning, rescuers should help the persons who are poisoned reasonably and meanwhile their own safety.

Characteristics of occupational pesticide poisoning in agricultural workers treated at the Hospital Barranca Cajatambo during 2008 – 2017

Objective: To determine the characteristics of occupational pesticide poisoning in agricultural workers treated at the Hospital Barranca Cajatambo during 2008-2017. Materials and methods: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study conducted in a population of 295 agricultural workers poisoned by occupational pesticide exposure and treated at the Hospital Barranca Cajatambo from 2008 to 2017. Every male or female agricultural worker aged over 14 with a complete medical record of pesticide poisoning was included in the study. The variables were the sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of the pesticide and intoxication. Absolute frequencies (n) were used for the qualitative variables and relative frequencies (%) for the relative variables. Measures of central tendency (average) and dispersion tendency (standard deviation) were used for the quantitative variables. Data was processed using software SPSS v25.0 and presented in simple tables. Results: Ninety-eight percent (98.0 %) of the study subjects were males, 47.5 % were between 15 and 25 years, 53.6 % were single, 68.1 % had secondary education, 67.5 % worked as pesticide applicators, 56.9 % had a normal BMI, and 97.6 % presented no comorbidities. Pesticides were classified as fungicide (39.7 %), herbicide (37.6 %), organophosphorus (98.0 %) and moderately toxic (96.3 %). The routes of entry to the body were the airways (57.3 %) and skin (42.0 %). In relation to poisoning, the time between pesticide exposure and arrival to the hospital ranged from 1 to 3 hours (53.9 %). The severity of poisoning was moderate (94.2 %). The most frequent clinical manifestations were vomiting (79 %) and nausea (72.5 %). Treatment included IV medication (99.7 %) and atropine (81.7 %). Ninety-nine point three percent (99.3 %) of the study population progressed with no hospital- cquired complications. Finally, 100 % of the patients improved their health condition at discharge. Conclusions: Most agricultural workers poisoned by pesticides were young, male and single; had secondary education; worked as pesticide applicators; did not present comorbidities; and had a normal BMI. The most frequently used pesticides were fungicides, herbicides, those moderately toxic and those entering the body through the airways. Poisoning was moderate with no hospital-acquired complications. The present study evaluates the short-term effects of pesticide poisoning in agricultural production. It is necessary to take into account its long-term effects such as cancer and neurological conditions. In this regard, the government should review the policy related to reducing the production and application of pesticides.

Using Syndromic Surveillance to Classify and Capture Non-Fatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses

ObjectivesTo evaluate the use of a real-time surveillance tool to track a variety of occupationally-related emergency room visits through the state based syndromic surveillance system, EpiCenter.IntroductionThis study uses data from the New Jersey syndromic surveillance system (EpiCenter) as a data source to enhance surveillance of current non-fatal occupational injuries, illnesses, and poisonings. EpiCenter was originally developed for early detection and monitoring of the health of communities using chief complaints from people seeking acute care in hospital emergency rooms to identify health trends. Currently, syndromic surveillance has not been widely applied to identify occupational injuries and illnesses. Incorporating syndromic surveillance data from EpiCenter, along with hospital discharge data, will enhance the classification and capture of work-related non-fatal injuries with possible improved efforts at prevention.MethodsEpiCenter Emergency Department data from January to December 2014 was evaluated, using work-related keywords and ICD-9 codes, to determine its ability to capture non-fatal work-related injuries. A collection of keywords and phrases specific to work-related injuries was developed by manually assessing the free text chief complaint data field’s. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV), along with descriptive statistics was used to evaluate and summarize the occupational injuries identified in EpiCenter.ResultsOverall, 11,919 (0.3%) possible work-related injuries were identified via EpiCenter. Of these visits 956 (8%) indicated Workman’s Compensation as payer. Events that resulted in the greatest number of ED visits were falls, slips, trips (1,679, 14%). Nature of injury included cuts, lacerations (1,041, 9%), burns (255, 2%), and sprains, strains, tears (185, 2). The part of the body most affected were the back (1,414, 12%). This work-related classifier achieved a sensitivity of 5.4%, a specificity of 99.8%, and a PPV of 2.8%.ConclusionsEvaluating the ability and performance of a new and existing surveillance data source to capture work-related injuries can lead to enhancements in current data collection methods. This evaluation successfully demonstrated that the chief complaint reporting system can yield real-time knowledge of incidents and local conditions for use in identifying opportunities for prevention of work-related injuries.

To discuss the problems existing in the labor ability appraisal of an occupational chronic benzene poisoning incidence

Three female workers in a golf club production company in Guangzhou were diagnosed with occupational chronic mild benzene poisoning. Two of the female workers were assessed as Grade 7 disabilities. One female worker showed the symptoms of the decline of whole blood cells for unknown reasons in the later stages of the medical period. The final assessment was a Class 5 disability. The problems in this work ability appraisal include: the injury condition of the patient who has not been stable during the work ability appraisal, and the contradiction between the disability grade and the occupational disease diagnosis conclusion. In order to avoid similar situations, the following recommendations are recommended: after the worker's injury situation is relatively stable, the assessment will be conducted, the employer will actively exercise the right to review and appraisal, and the diagnosis of occupational diseases will be included in the evaluation criteria for disability grade.

Analysis of occurrence characteristics and influencing factors of new occupational diseases in Tianjin city from 2008 to 2017

Objective: To analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of new occupational diseases in Tianjin from 2008 to 2017, and to provide scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control measures for occupational diseases in Tianjin. Methods: In 2018, data on the new occupational disease in Tianjin from 2008 to 2017 were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Statistical analysis was performed on the basic situation, the nature of the company, and the distribution of the industry. Results: A total of 5201 cases of occupational diseases were reported in Tianjin from 2008 to 2017, mainly including pneumoconiosis (92.37%) , followed by occupational poisoning (2.88%) , and the third occupational ENT disease (2.31%) . The male cases were higher than females, with a median age of 56 years and a median of 20 years of service. The most reported area was Hedong District (26.86%) . The economic type and scale of the cases belonged to state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises. The industry is mainly composed of non-metallic mineral products, and there are significant differences in the composition ratios of its economic type (χ(2)=19240.00, P<0.01) , enterprise size (χ(2)=3883.00, P<0.01) and industry (χ(2)=52050.00, P<0.01) . Conclusion: Pneumoconiosis, occupational poisoning and occupational ENT diseases are the key prevention and control occupational diseases in Tianjin city. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of occupational diseases in large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, and to respond to occupational disease hazards in such key industries as the manufacturing industry so as to protect the health of occupational groups.

Analysis of new occupational diseases in Hengyang from 2006 to 2017

Objective: To analyze the situation of new occupational diseases in Hengyang City from 2006 to 2017, and put forward prevention and control strategies. Methods: The data of the new occupational disease report of Hengyang city in the Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Information Monitoring System from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2017 was collected, and the age, working years, and the region and industry of the new occupational disease patients were analyzed. Results: From 2006 to 2017, there were 7 categories, 30 kinds and 2 110 cases of new occupational diseases in Hengyang City, including 1 117 cases of pneumoconiosis, 951 cases of chronic occupational poisoning, 15 cases of acute occupational poisoning, 12 cases of occupational otolaryngological and stomatological diseases, 7 cases of occupational skin diseases, 6 cases of occupational diseases caused by physical factors, and 1 case of occupational eye diseases(cataracts), 1 case of occupational tumor (lung cancer and skin cancer caused by arsenic and its compounds). New occupational diseases were mainly concentrated in Changning and Leiyang County-level city (87.82%, 1 853/2110), among which occupational poisoning had the most incidence in Changning County-level city (97.83%, 945/966), and pneumoconiosis had the most incidence in Leiyang County-level city (67.05%, 749/1 117). New occupational diseases were mainly concentrated in the manufacturing and mining industries (95.59%, 2 017/2 110). Pneumoconiosis (63.74%, 712/1 117) and acute occupational poisoning (60.00%, 9/15) were mainly caused by small businesses. Chronic occupational poisoning (61.62%, 586/951) and occupational otolaryngological and stomatological diseases (75.00%, 9/12) were mainly caused by large enterprises. Conclusion: The new occupational diseases in Hengyang city are mostly pneumoconiosis and chronic occupational poisoning, and we should focus on strengthening the prevention and control of occupational diseases in the mining industry and manufacturing industry.

Forecasting the course of occupational chronic fl uorine intoxication by means of univariate analysis

Relevance. In contemporary occupational pathology, diagnosis of occupational fluorosis is based on locomotory apparatus disorder such as fluorine osteopathy. Other significant consequences of negative effects of fluorine compounds are deactivation of enzymatic systems, metabolic disorders — that results in pathologic involvement of many organs and systems (hepato-biliary, cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, endocrine, gastrointestinal). Topical issue is search of a complex of factors influencing development of the occupational disease, to optimize management of occupational fluorine intoxication risk.Objective. To determine spectrum of factors that promote development of occupational fl uorine intoxication in workers exposed to inorganic fl uorine compounds, for forecasting the disease outcome and selecting main trends of preventive measures.Materials and methods.Single-factor analysis methods helped to carry retrospective cohort study of occupational fl uorine intoxication development in 201 workers of aluminum production in Ural region. Th e study covered infl uence of main occupational factors and somatic health parameter s on occupational fl uorosis development.Results.Findings are reliable infl uence of age (k=0.532, p&lt;0.001), length of service in hazardous work conditions (p&lt;0.001), hydrofl uoride level (p&lt;0.001) and constant magnetic fi eld (p=0.005). Besides that, analysis of immune and metabolic state of the workers revealed signifi cant infl uence of disordered lipid, carbohydrate, purine metabolism, altered immune parameters on occupational fl uorosis development. Other evidence was reliable dependence between concomitant cardiovascular diseases and period of occupational chronic fl uorine intoxication development.Conclusion.Using single-factor analysis helped to determine wide spectrum of factors associated with the workers’ health state and work conditions, that signifi cantly infl uence development of fl uorine intoxication. Th e authors proved that period of occupational chronic fl uorine intoxication is notably infl uenced by occupational factors (length of service, hydrofl uoride level, fl uorine load degree, magnetic fi eld) and somatic state characteristics as age, parameters of carbohydrate, lipid, purine metabolism, status of cardiovascular, excretory systems, kidneys and gastrointestinal tract functions.

Evolutionary peculiarities of hematological syndromes and blood diseases from exposure to occupational hazards

The article presents evolutionary changes in occupationally related nonspecific and specific hematologic syndromes, occupational chronic intoxications and blood diseases due to contact with various occupational hazards mostly hematotropic ones, depending on length of service. The presented hematologic characteristics cover specific occupationally related microelement disorders and occupational chronic intoxications during primary diagnosis and in post-contact period. Findings areless occupational chronic chemical intoxications and blood disorders due to hematotropic occupational influences.

Changes of 30 years in the recognized occupational diseases of Korea: Lessons from the system change perspective

Thirty years ago, in 1988 of Korea, street demonstrations for the recognition of a 15-year-old boy’s death as occupational mercury poisoning had shattered the taboo against occupational disease, and since then, the volume and contents of recognized diseases had changed a lot. Here we tried to ascertain and explain the changes from the system viewpoint. The system of risk management at work was analyzed in narrative terms of what, how, who, and why of the occupational disease managements, then and now, and we conclude the system of last 30 years was to manage the benevolent benefit to the victims for politico-economic purposes. Despite a big shift in outer appearance, the changes in the inner operation were small, and we propose to adopt newer approaches of more health and safety oriented together with human rights.

Occupational exposure and poisoning by chemical products in the Federal District.

to describe case of occupational exposure to chemical products. descriptive retrospective study using record data of 382 workers assisted in the Outpatient Care for Occupational Toxicology of the Reference Center of Workers' Health of the Federal District, between 2009 and 2013. From the total, 66.7% were men, 55.2% had up to 9 years of activity and 81% did not use personal protective equipment (PPE). Nearly 60% were farmers and environmental surveillance agents, exposed to pesticides (63%), of which 40% were organophosphorus insecticides. The majority (68%) presented butyrylcholinesterase activity decreased, mostly farmers (85.9%); 57.3% of workers were considered poisoned - 61.6% by pesticides and 37.9% by industrial chemicals -, and away from work for at least 10 days. The profile was male workers, from 30 to 39 years, which not used PPE, indicating the need for prevention together with them to prevent poisonings.

A study of risk factors for the possible cases of acute occupational pesticide poisoning of orchard farmers in some parts of south Chungcheong province.

BackgroundThe objective of the present study is to identify differences in the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning across Korean orchard farmers' farming characteristics and the risk factors that have an effect on acute occupational pesticide poisoning.MethodsFor 3 years (2014, 2015, and 2017), a questionnaire survey was conducted on 394 orchard farmers in some parts of south Chungcheong Province in relation to pesticide poisoning. 323 orchard farmers who responded to acute occupational pesticide poisoning were included for final analysis. With acute occupational pesticide poisoning as the dependent variable, a χ2 test and a multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted.ResultsThe results of the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning across farming characteristics showed that the group wearing 4 or more pesticide personal protective equipment (PPE) had a lower prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning than the group wearing 3 or less pesticide PPE (p < 0.05). Furthermore, an analysis by area of fruit farming revealed that the group with more than 12,000m2 in the area of fruit farming had a higher prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning (p < 0.05). Orchard farmers mainly use a speed sprayer to spray pesticides, and the speed sprayer can be categorized by presence of cabin. The analysis of the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning by speed sprayer's cabin existence found that existence of speed sprayer's cabin did not show a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning.ConclusionsThe present study analyzed the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning depending on the speed sprayer's cabin existence and found no significant difference. The fact that famers using the cabinless style speed sprayer shows a higher percentage in wearing PPE than those using the cabin style speed sprayer is suggested to elucidate the result. As the first study in Korea which examined the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning by speed sprayer's cabin existence, the present study proposes the expected effect that increase of wearing pesticide PPE along with employ of speed sprayer's cabin can reduce the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning among orchard farmers.

Dependence of dental status from the level of endogenous intoxication in chemical industry workers based on the oral fluid composition study

The aim of the study was to assess the dependence of dental status from the level of endogenous intoxication in chemical industry workers. Dental examination and analysis of the composition of the oral fluid were performed in 101 workers dealing with production of chlorophenoxyherbicides (CPH) and 100 individuals of the control group having no contact with harmful production factors. The survey revealed higher intensity of dental caries among workers (RR=1.2), which is in direct correlation with the duration and degree of contact with toxicants (rxy=+1.0). It is established that the incidence, intensity and severity of periodontitis are associated with the duration and degree of contact with CPH. The study also revealed an 80% reduction in antioxidant defense in workers. The level of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in the main group was 4 times higher (p<0.01, RR=4), while oligopeptides of average molecular weight (OAMW) - 2.2 times higher than in controls (p<0.01; RR=2.2), indicating increased lipid peroxidation and endogenous intoxication of workers of chlororganic production. MDA and OAMW levels correlated positively with the degree of involvement in chlororganic production (MDA: RR=5.6; p<0.0; OAMW: RR=3; p<0.001; rxy=+0.894) and employment duration (MDA: RR=4.4; p<0.05; rxy=+of 0.922; OAMW: RR=2.4; p<0.01). The estimation of the parameters of oral fluid is a non-invasive method for screening for occupational intoxication and the formation of risk groups.

Epidemiological characteristics of pesticide poisoning in Xuzhou city from 2005 to 2017

Objective: To understand the characteristics and causes of pesticide poisoning in Xuzhou city, and provide basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods: The cases of pesticide poisoning in Xuzhou City from 2005 to 2017 were collected from "Pesticide Poisoning Report Card" . The data were analyzed and assessed by EpiData. The SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: During the thirteen years, there were a total of 8092 cases of pesticide poisoning, among which, the number of occupational pesticide poisoning was 1 408, accounting for 17.4% of the total number of cases, 14 patients died, the case fatality rate was 0.1%. There were 2, 992 cases of male poisoning, accounting for 36.97% of the total number of cases, and 5, 100 cases of female poisoning, accounting for 63.03%. There were 6684 non-productive pesticide poisonings, accounting for 82.6% of the total number of cases; 387 deaths occurred, and the mortality rate was 5.8%. Among non-productive poisonings, the incidence of oral pesticide poisoning was 84.3%, and the incidence of accidental poisoning by pesticides was 15.7%. Organophosphorus pesticides poisoning cases accounted for the majority of oral pesticide poisoning cases. The overall incidence of pesticide poisoning showed a downward trend. The age of non-productive pesticide poisoning cases was mainly 15-44 years old, and the number of cases of poisoning were 4 029 cases (60.28%) . With the increase of age, the mortality rate of poisoning cases was higher, especially for those over 60 years old who died of oral pesticide poisoning (40.1%) . The peak of pesticide poisoning began to increase in the second quarter and reached its peak in the third quarter. Conclusion: Although the cases of pesticide poisoning reported in Xuzhou City have been declining in recent years, the situation is still severe. The proportion of oral pesticide suicide accounts for a large proportion, and the mortality rate of elderly and female is relatively high, and the government should pay more attention. Workers should conduct safety education and psychological counseling to improve the knowledge and consciousness of safe use of pesticides.

Platelet mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I variants with benzene poisoning.

Chronic benzene poisoning (CBP) is one of the most common chronic occupational poisoning which is associated with mitochondrial oxidative damage, and lead to increasing risk of respiratory diseases such as lung cancer. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) is one of the key enzymes that plays an important role in oxidative damage regulation by eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study investigated the relationship between COI gene variants and the risk of CBP. We investigated 44 non-smoking patients who were diagnosed with CBP and 57 unexposed non-smoking controls between the ages of 23 and 60 with their background including work experience, lifestyle and medical records. Peripheral blood (2 mL) was collected in EDTA tube and the platelet was purified from the collected blood. Variants of COI were analyzed by PCR and sequencing. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between CBP exposure and variants. The frequency of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) T6392C, G6962 variants were 10, 7 out of 44 CBP group patients, which was higher when compared to that of 4, 2 out of 57 in the control group, suggesting these variants could be the risk factor for CBP [odds ratio (OR) 3.897, 95% CI: 1.131-13.425, P=0.023; OR 5.203, 95% CI: 1.024-26.442, P=0.034]. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) of COI variants, including T6392C and G6962A, in platelet mtDNA between patients and control samples. Meanwhile, the frequency of the mtDNA C7196A variant were 13 out of 44 control group, which was higher when compared to that of 2 of 57 in the CBP group patients, suggesting this variant could be the protective factor for CBP (OR 6.205, 95% CI: 1.320-29.162, P=0.010). Our study suggests that T6392C, G6962A and C7196A from platelet mtDNA variants play a significant role in the etiology of CBP and facilitate the development of molecular biomarker on CBP diagnosis.

Analysis of occupational poisoning in Jiangsu Province, from 2006-2015

Objective: Analysis of occupational poisoning character and laws in Jiangsu Province from 2006-2015, so as to provide scientific basis for the formulation of effective intervention measures and prevention strategies. Methods: According to the data of Jiangsu province occupational poisoning cases reports of year 2006 to 2015, by EXCEL arranged, using SPSS software to do epidemiological data statistical analysis. Results: In the past ten years, the number of occupational poisoning cases reported in Jiangsu province increased first and then declined. 547 cases of acute occupational poisoning reported in Jiangsu province from 2006-2015 years (35.82% of the total poisoning cases, the same below) , 980 cases of chronic occupational poisoning (64.18%) . The ratio of male and female in acute poisoning was 2.48, while 1.55 of chronic poisoning. The cases of poisoning reported were young and middle-aged, and working years was mainly in 5 years. The cases reported in the south of Jiangsu (mainly is chronic poisoning) is higher than that in the northern part of Jiangsu (mainly is acute poisoning) , which is more economically underdeveloped.. The reported highest mortality rate of occupational poisoning is asphyxia gas poisoning (5.43%) , followed by irritating gas poisoning (2.99%) and organic solvent poisoning (0.47%) . Many more occupational poisoning cases reported from large, joint-stock enterprises, especially chronic poisoning. Meanwhile more cases of acute poisoning reported from small, micro private enterprises. Conclusion: Although a decline in occupational poisoning cases in Jiangsu, the prevention and treatment measures are still not lax. According to the species of toxic, regional economic differences, the scale of the enterprises and the type of economy, the characteristic key classification and prevention should be carried out. Expand the coverage of hospitals in the diagnosis and reporting of occupational poisoning diseases, and strive to improve the quality of occupational disease reports.