Occupational Dermatoses Research Articles

Legislation on occupational dermatoses

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Occupational Dermatoses of Solid Waste Workers

Occupational Dermatoses of Solid Waste Workers

最近経験した職業性皮膚障害の症例

最近経験した職業性皮膚障害の症例

Occupa,onal dermatoses of solid waste workers.

The occupational health problems of municipal solid waste workers in Cincinnati, Ohio, are reviewed. A high frequency rate of lost-time injuries among waste collectors is confirmed. Forty-three percent of the laboring groups volunteered for a dermatologic examination. Occupational dermatoses most commonly observed included callused palms, bruised anterior legs (50% and 41%, respectively, among waste collection helpers), and hand dermatitis (52% of wastewater workers). Other common job-related conditions observed were folliculitis, abrasions, and xerosis. Among many nonoccupational dermatoses noted, certain microbial infections were indirectly related to the work. A brief historical review of the diseases of solid waste workers indicates an awareness of health hazards for over 250 years.

Occupational Dermatoses in Dentists and Allied Personnel

Occupational Dermatoses in Dentists and Allied Personnel

The Alkaline Factor in Dermal Irritancy from ‘Soluble’ Oil Emulsions

IT IS THE practice among some large users of ‘soluble’ cutting oils, such as motor manufacturers, to issue specifications imposing pH limitations on the oil in emulsion form. Although the limits fixed may vary widely among different users, the reasons for the particular level chosen are identical and invariably originate from the company medical department through their efforts to control factors likely to contribute to occupational dermatoses.

Cutaneous Lesions Produced by Topical Application of Aflatoxin to Rabbit Skin

ABSTRACT Application of aflatoxins in chloroform solution on the depilated skin of rabbits produced characteristic lesions of the epidermis. Low levels of B-toxins resulted in the formation of intra-epidermal vesicles. With intermediate levels of toxins, confluent bullae filled with leukocytic exudate were produced and with high levels, necrosis of epidermis and hair follicles gradually supervened. Application of G1-toxin produced epidermal necrosis in a similar dose as a mixture of B1 and B2 aflatoxins. It is suggested that occupational dermatoses may occur in handlers of groundnuts or other grain contaminated with toxin-producing Aspergillus flavus .

Skin Hygiene and Dermatitis in Industry

Skin hygiene is the science of preserving skin health. It means cleanliness of the skin and clothing, the prime requisite in preventing occupational skin disease. In most industrial plants, the level of cleanliness determines the frequency of the occupational dermatoses. A good preventive program is attained ideally through industrial hygiene engineering and medical control methods, but these are available only to a small percentage of the employed. In the small plants it is necessary to rely upon personal hygienic practices to attain cleanliness. Management must be aware of its responsibility to furnish the workmen with washing facilities, industrial cleansers, and if necessary, protective clothing and ointments. Workmen must be informed about the existing hazards and taught the importance of cleanliness. There is no magic formula for preventing these skin disorders. The workman who fails to use the facilities provided generally develops dermatitis; the management which disregards their need pays unnecessary compensation.

Dermatologic Allergy: Immunology, Diagnosis, Management

This work is a worth-while attempt to draw together in one format much information that is difficult to glean from the literature. Although it has shortcomings it is generally well organized and well written with a generous number of titled references, which for the serious student are probably worth the price of the book.The presentation of fundamental facts and concepts of immunology is handled quite clearly and concisely. It should be quite useful to those who have not kept up with the many advances of the past decade yet who daily deal with many disorders suspected of having some immunologic basis. The section on dysproteinemias and abnormal biosynthesis of antibody is particularly good as are the chapters on autoimmune disorders and arthropod sensitization. I personally feel that the chapters on occupational dermatoses, pruritus vulvae, pruritus ani, and hand and foot eczema are out of place in this book, especially since the immunologic aspects are dismissed with one paragraph in the latter chapters.

The Industrial Dermatoses

Technological changes in sources of industrial energy and the introduction of many new materials and industrial processes have created new problems for the scientist, the engineer, and the physician. Among the occupational diseases, the incidence of skin problems is high. Dermatitis is the number one in-plant cause of lost time in industry and accounts for most reported cases of occupational disease. From available statistics, cost analysis of occupational dermatoses would amount to well over $150 million to $200 million in an average year. Every day, one out of four employees is exposed to potential skin irritants. The dangers of skin disease are more serious in small and medium-sized plants. A survey by the Association of American Soap and Glycerin Producers, Inc. showed that, in plants with 500 or fewer em-

CONTACT ECZEMA CAUSED BY TRUE TEAK (TECTONA GRANDIS). A FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF A PREVIOUS EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION, AND A STUDY INTO THE SENSITIZING EFFECT OF VARIOUS TEAK EXTRACTS.

A follow-up study of a previous epidemiological investigation in a furniture factory concerning allergic contact eczema caused by true teak (<i>Tectona grandis</i>) clearly shows that a good educational campaign associated with specific and general prophylactic measures are able to control occupational dermatoses. At the first investigation 20·5% of the workers had allergic contact eczema and/or severe itching whereas only 8·3% suffered from the same complaints on re-examination. The different prophylactic measures previously recommended had been taken. Patch tests with various teak extracts were made on 13 workers sensitized to teak; these showed that lapachol (a derivative of naphthoquinone) is one of the sensitizing agents in teak wood. Furthermore, allergic reactions were obtained in seven of these workers when Jacaranda wood dust containing lapachol was used as the test substance.

Actual causes of certain occupational dermatoses.

This is the fifth of a series of papers of actual causes of certain occupational dermatoses. The patients were observed by me and were claimants under the Pennsylvania law governing workmen's compensation. They were workers in many industries in the highly industrialized region of eastern Pennsylvania. Not all industries or occupations are represented (for geographic reasons), for example, agriculture and mining. Most reports of the actual causes of occupational dermatoses give the number of cases attributed to a single agent, or enumerate the causes under occupations. This is illustrated in many recent reports.*I have selected a different method of classification. In my first report,1in 1943, it was observed that the specific causes fell into a number of main groups (shown in the Table) each with subdivisions that were discussed in the report. In subsequent reports2,3,4an additional number of cases of occupational dermatoses were added to

Occupational dermatoses in the new, 6th regulation on occupational diseases

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study

Occupational dermatoses among farmers.

Occupational dermatoses seen among farmers include fungous, viral and bacterial infections and infestations; dermatitis, including eczema; and tumors.Milker's eczema and ragweed and poison ivy dermatitis are probably the most common forms of contact dermatitis occurring in farmers. Sensitization also results from use of fertilizers, soaps, detergents, insecticides, weed killers, preparations used to treat skin infections in animals, and other materials used on the farm.Basal-cell epithelioma and squamous-cell carcinoma also may be classified as occupational diseases of farmers. The author recommends gentle but thorough curettage of such tumors, supplemented by irradiation with the gamma rays of radium.

Fingertip hyperesthesia; solitary sign of new occupational dermatosis due to silica hair curlers.

Microfragments of silica embedded in the outer layers of the skin were detected by dark-field microscopy of superficial skin biopsies. Transfer from silicon hair curlers handled in the patient's occupation as a hairdresser was facilitated by the fact that daily contacts with alkaline hair sets and waving solutions served to soften the stratum corneum and epidermis. Precise and exactly localizable micropoints of hyperesthesia were identified. Cure was provided by a superficial razor shave biopsy. Prophylaxis must center on avoidance of the new silica rollers.

Some aspects of occupational dermatoses.

• A study of the causes of cutaneous disease disclosed evidence of occupational origin in almost 50%. Of these, several hundred were caused by repeated exposure to primary irritants such as acids and organic solvents, but no case of occupational dermatosis resulted in permanent disability. Dermatitis also resulted from single, nonhabitual injuries such as splashing and physical trauma. This included some cases of eczematous dermatitis from occlusive dressings. Patch tests were frequently found to have been misused or misinterpreted. When change of work was not possible, improved techniques and attention to hygiene usually enabled the worker to return to his job without recurrence of symptoms.

ESTUDO PRELIMINAR DAS DERMATOSES INDUSTRIAIS EM SÃO PAULO

A preliminary report of some observations on occupational dermatoses in São Paulo is presented. Further studies of the subject are well justified, considering its social and clinicai interest as well as the present trend of industrial development in São Paulo and neighboring towns. The report consists of: a) Detection of occupational dermatoses through in-plant examination of 2138 workers. 221 cases of skin diseases were disclosed, among which 73 of occupational and paraoccupational origin, representing 3.5% of the workers and 33% of the skin diseases. Excluding paraoccupational cases (o f doubtful occupational origin), there rema in 50 cases o f true occupational dermatoses, corresponding to 2.3% of the workers and 22.6% of the skin diseases. 45 of the Iatter were cases of oil acne ("elaioconiosis follicularis"), with exposure to petroleum products, representing 2% of the workers and 90% of the true occupational dermatoses. b) Identification o f the agent in 28 cases o f occupational dermatoses attending the Dermatological Clinic of the "Instituto de Aposentadoria e Pensões dos Industriári0s" from january 1 to August 15, 1951. In 21 cases patch tests were performed at the Department of Allergy of the "Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo". c) Study of 18 workers selected among 64 cases of contact dermatitis registered at the Department of Allergy, Central Laboratory, "Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo", from 1947 to mid-1951. The mechanism of production of occupational dermatoses is briefly discussed. Sézary's classification of occupational dermatoses into orthoergic and allergic is accepted. A few remarks about the results of the patch tests are made. The need of further investigations, requiring full cooperation of management and labor, and the medicai and social importance of such studies, are stressed.

Rehabilitation in industrial dermatoses.

IN THIS paper I should like to direct your attention to the socioeconomic aspects of the person who because of skin trouble is not contributing his full share to society. Dermatoses account for approximately 65% of all cases of occupational diseases reported throughout the United States. In our experience in the State of Washington, even during the war years, when an unusually high incidence of respiratory irritation was reported as due to welding fumes in shipbuilding, occupational dermatoses held their own. From 1943 through 1948 there were an average of 1,300 occupational disease claims filed per year in this State, of which 55% were industrial dermatoses claims. California in 1949 reported over 12,000 cases of occupational disease, with 55% due to dermatoses. From the fall of 1945 through the spring of 1949 I had the interesting challenge of studying all occupational disease cases reported in the State of

INDUSTRIAL dermatology.

During the last quarter century the economic and social progress of the wage earning group of our national population has been highlighted by striking developments in improved medical care and by accumulated knowledge concerning the prevention, control, and management of the diseases peculiar to industry. The field of dermatology has participated in this progress. At the present time approximately 60 million of our adult population comprise the working force. The heavy industries employ 25 million, of whom 15 million are in manufacturing and 21 million in service industries. It has been established that at any time a factory inspection is made in the United States an average of 1% of the workers can be found to have occupational dermatoses. These disorders comprise two-thirds of the occupational diseases for which compensation is paid, and yet the majority of them are not disabling and are therefore not recorded as compensation cases. The

Dermatological problems among pharmaceutical workers.

BY THE statement of some and the assumption of others, the pharmaceutical industry is believed to be a form of manufacture in which the incidence of occupational dermatoses is high. Such an opinion stems from the premise that workers in this field must be necessarily and intimately exposed to a number of agents which can be primary irritants or sensitizers of the skin. The acceptance of such a notion may even grow if we take into further consideration the increased number of new antibiotics and complex chemicals which are now being processed for the treatment of disease. However, such a conclusion fails to note the counterbalances which a good management provides to shield employees from risks. These protective measures include a well-organized and full-time-staffed medical dispensary, a personnel alert in safety direction, cooperating and intelligent department heads and supervisors, careful screening of work applicants, exact job and general plant training