Occupational Achievement Research Articles

Research on the Mechanism of Occupational Burnout among Rural Primary School Teachers

Occupational burnout is a phenomenon that occurs in the career of primary school teachers, which is very detrimental to their own development and student growth. Through a qualitative study of 15 teachers at L Elementary School, it was found that individual environments are formed by physical condition, age, university background, family situation, work experience, personality traits, and ideal pursuits. Family school cooperation, leadership style, student situation, and teaching reform shape the collective environment. Time allocation, energy allocation, and ability allocation form a sense of professional rhythm, and being trusted, recognized, valuable, and growing form a sense of professional achievement. Among them, the sense of occupational rhythm and occupational achievement directly affect the occupational burnout of rural primary school teachers, while individual and collective environments indirectly affect occupational burnout through the sense of occupational rhythm and occupational achievement. Rural primary school teachers should be guided to rationally view professional burnout, attach importance to career guidance for rural primary school teachers, and further optimize the professional environment for rural primary school teachers.

Como homens e mulheres reagiram à educação remota durante a pandemia? Os casos de Portugal e Rússia

Abstract Researchers from four countries conducted comparative research on the remote Education experience of Higher Education students during the Covid-19 pandemic and their return to face-to-face Education. Based on other research projects, we applied self-report questionnaires to convenience samples. This article focuses on the results for Portugal and Russia in relation to gender. Despite the differences between both countries, the findings point to the statistical predominance of women as well as their more positive attitudes toward remote Education. Factor analysis revealed that three factors converge to explain most of the variance: 1. Positive attitude in relation to remote Education, 2. Technical, psychological, and educational problems, 3. Positive attitude regarding the return to face-to-face Education. Although women have more access to Higher Education, they have lower occupational and income achievements than men.

The Influence of Parents’ Social Origin on Occupational Achievements of University Graduates: An Analysis of Education–Job Match

Education–job mismatch is an indicator that describes the quality of an individual’s occupational achievements, with socio-familial background being one of the most influential factors in attaining these achievements. In this study, we aim to identify the extent to which the educational level attained by parents influences the education–job mismatch of university graduates. The analysis, deploying binary logistic regression models, is based on the Spanish Survey on the Labor Insertion of University Graduates 2019, with more than 30,000 cases. Main results are that parents’ educational level largely determines the education–job mismatch of university graduates, acting through the intergenerational transmission of opportunities. In this sense, variables such as the field of study or those related to educational investment while at university are highly influential. When we analyze the persistence of mismatch, the influence of these variables is more decisive, so it is considered that there is an indirect influence of social background on occupational attainment through the variables linked to it. Recommendations are made for educational administrations that should favor equal opportunity measures and enhance the effectiveness of educational guidance services.

Prevalence of Imposter Syndrome and Its Risk Factors Among University of Sharjah Medical Students.

Background Imposter syndrome describes an internal experience of intellectual fraud, where individuals attribute their academic or occupational endeavors and achievements primarily to luck rather than to their diligent efforts. Additionally, the stringent standards and prerequisites set by medical institutions create an environment conducive to impostorism among medical students. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of imposter syndrome among medical students at the University of Sharjah. Methodology This research was designed as a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 400 participants enrolled in the study using non-probability convenience sampling, but 399 participants, 49.4% (197) from colleges of medicine and 50.6% (202) from dentistry, successfully completed the questionnaire. Participants completed a questionnaire containing the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale. Statistical associations between variables were tested using the chi-square test. Individuals with chronic medical conditions or those using medications with known psychiatric side effects were excluded. Results The analyzed sample comprised 399 students, with 64.7% females and 35.3% males. Most respondents were from year 2 (21.3%, 85), while the fewest were from year 5 (18.3%, 73). The majority of students fell into the categories of moderate (46.4%, 185) and frequent (35.8%, 143) imposter experiences. Among all investigated characteristics, pure academic factors such as field of study (p = 0.001), study phases (p = 0.032), advisor's attitude (p = 0.029), and comparison with peers' performance and grades (p = 0.024 and <0.001, respectively) exhibited the highest significant association with the severity of imposter syndrome. Conclusions This study revealed a high prevalence of imposter syndrome among medical students, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies and interventions targeting academically associated risk factors to alleviate the burden of imposter syndrome.

The Persistence of Gender Disparities in Occupational and Promotional Achievement

The Persistence of Gender Disparities in Occupational and Promotional Achievement

Is Geographical Mobility Beneficial? The Impact of the South-to-North Internal Migration on Occupational Achievement in Italy

Geographical mobility plays a crucial role in shaping demographic and social change, yet few studies have examined its impact on occupational success and the transmission of social inequality across generations. This study aims to investigate the effect of internal migration on occupational status in Italy, exploring whether men and women experience a benefit or disadvantage from South-to-North migration, and if this effect is influenced by family status and social class of origin. The research is based on the Italian Household Longitudinal Survey and utilizes a set of fixed effects linear regression panel models combined with Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM). Results show that only men benefit from migration, while women experience a disadvantage, which increases when they move after union formation and the transition to parenthood. Furthermore, the impact of geographical mobility on occupational status varies based on social class of origin only for men, with those from higher classes experiencing a much greater migration benefit than those from medium and lower classes. These findings demonstrate that geographical mobility serves as an additional source of advantage for individuals from higher social classes. The positive effect on male occupational success compounds with family-related benefits, further widening social disparities between individuals in different social strata.

The impact of early adversity and education on genetic and brain morphological predictors of cognitive ability.

Cognitive ability is a strong predictor of occupational achievement, quality of life and physical health. While variation in cognition is strongly heritable and has been robustly associated with early environment and brain morphology, little is known about how these factors combine and interact to explain this variation in cognition. To address this, we modelled the relationship between common genetic variation, grey matter volume, early life adversity and education and cognitive ability in a UK Biobank sample of N = 5237 individuals using structural equation modelling. We tested the hypotheses that total grey matter volume would mediate the association between genetic variation and cognitive ability, and that early life adversity and educational attainment would moderate this relationship. Common genetic variation, grey matter volume and early life adversity were each significant predictors in the model, explaining ~15% of variation in cognitive ability. Contrary to our hypothesis, grey matter volume did not mediate the relation between genetic variation and cognition performance. Neither did early life adversity or educational attainment moderate this relation, although educational attainment was observed to moderate the relationship between grey matter volume and cognitive performance. We interpret these findings in terms of the modest explanatory value of currently estimated polygenic scores accounting for variation in cognitive performance (~5%), making potential mediating and moderating variables difficult to confirm.

The 30th Occupational Therapy Australia National Conference and Exhibition 2023: An opportunity to acknowledge, celebrate and ignite our occupational achievements

The 30th Occupational Therapy Australia National Conference and Exhibition 2023: An opportunity to acknowledge, celebrate and <i>ignite</i> our occupational achievements

Schooling and Occupational Outcomes in Adults with ADHD: Predictors of Success and Support Strategies for Effective Learning

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder that is usually diagnosed in childhood. It is characterized by attention deficits, hyperactivity, and impulsivity leading to significant impairment in academic, occupational, familiar, and social functioning. Most of the literature has been focusing on the impact of this condition on infancy and preadolescence, but little is known on its consequences in adulthood. This narrative review addresses this gap by focusing on the studies regarding the schooling outcomes of this population. After identifying the specific clinical and neuropsychological profile of ADHD in adults, this study analyzes their precise needs for effective learning and presents evidence on their academic and occupational achievements. Pharmacological, educational, and rehabilitative factors predicting a positive scholastic and career success are critically reviewed. Finally, this study focuses on the strategies that can improve the learning processes in adults with ADHD by expanding the analysis on executive functions, metacognition, and emotional dysregulation. Schooling outcomes in adults with ADHD, therefore, are conceptualized as a complex measure depending on several variables, like early pharmacological treatment, educational support, neuropsychological intervention, and targeted strategies for life-long learning.

A Slow Downward Road: Occupational Status Attainment in Mexico’s Development

Mexico underwent several economic transformations between the 1950s and the early 21st century, most notably its integration to the world economy as of the 1980s. Sociological perspectives on global economic integration, development, and inequality, have contrasting predictions for the effect of these transformations on labor cohort occupational status. Perspectives that anticipate integration to spawn economic dynamism, predict improved occupational status over cohorts, but the international division of labor (IDL) perspective predicts worsening occupational status attainment. The institutionalist perspective does not have clear-cut predictions. Drawing on three surveys on Mexican social mobility (2006 and 2011, 2016), I examine labor cohort differences in occupational status to evaluate whether historical timing of entry into the workforce shapes occupational achievement dynamics throughout Mexico’s industrialization. I find significant direct effects of labor cohort membership on occupational status net of education and of parental occupational status. Specifically, entering the workforce at the height of Mexico’s industrialization, between the 1950s and early 1970s, led to higher status than entering during the transition to and subsequent institutionalization of neoliberal policy. The findings are most consistent with perspectives in sociology that emphasize the centrality for stratification of the international division of labor, but provide partial support for institutionalist perspectives.

It Is the Life in Your Years

For promoting high levels of educational quality, it is crucial to have mentally healthy and dedicated kindergarten teachers. This study focuses on the question of whether kindergarten teachers differ in their mental health-promoting personality characteristics and stress management strategies. Effects of selection, experience, and gender were examined by comparing kindergarten teacher trainees (N = 46), students (N = 26), and experienced teachers (N = 38). Students showed more emotional competence than trainees (d = 0.50). Experienced kindergarten teachers reported more agreeableness (d = 0.57) than trainees and students. A path model revealed that having an own family predicted being more agreeable (β = .25). Female teachers used more negative coping strategies (d = 0.66) and showed less occupational achievement motivation (d = −0.59) than males. The education and advanced training of kindergarten teachers should prioritize positive stress management strategies, emotional competence, and the importance of achieving personal goals.

Being Asian American Women Scientists and Engineers in the United States: Intersection of Ethnicity and Gender

A high level of educational and occupational achievements in science and engineering (S&amp;E) in the US has changed the image of Asian Americans from the “yellow peril” to a “model minority.” Behind this new identity is the belief that Asian Americans as a group have equaled, if not surpassed, the standards of success set by White America in S&amp;E. It is further assumed that Asian American women are advancing equally in S&amp;E. The reality is that they are over-represented as Asian Americans but under-represented as women in S&amp;E occupations. They experience challenges associated with both, their ethnicity and gender. They face “double bind”—a term used for women of color who simultaneously experience sexism and racism in S&amp;E. This paper presents Asian American women’s unique situations within S&amp;E organizations, with a particular focus on high-technology industry, where most of them are employed. It focuses on their identities and socio-cultural categorizations.

Perception of happiness and unhappiness among middle-aged adults: Indigenous psychological analysis

본 연구는 중년 성인들이 지각한 행복과 불행의 토착심리를 탐구하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 가정생활, 직장생활, 여가생활 및 종합적인 행복과 불행에 대해 분석하였다. 분석대상은 성인 259명으로 남자 180명, 여자 79명이었다. 측정 도구는 박영신(2014)이 제작한 자유반응형 질문지를 사용하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중년 성인들이 가정생활에서 가장 행복할 때는 가족과 함께 함이 반수에 가까운 가장 높은 범주였으며, 직장생활에서 가장 행복할 때는 질병유무 집단별로 차이가 있었다. 질병이 있는 집단은 경제적 안정 및 주위의 인정이 가장 대표적이고, 질병이 없는 집단은 업무 성취가 가장 대표적이었으며, 여가생활에서 가장 행복할 때는 운동이 가장 높은 반응율을 보였다. 둘째, 중년 성인이 행복하기 위해 해야 할 일로서, 자기 조절이 반수에 가까운 가장 높은 반응율을 보였으며, 행복의 조건으로는 건강이 가장 대표적이었다. 셋째, 중년 성인이 종합적으로 가장 행복할 때는, 가정화목이 가장 대표적인 범주였으며, 넷째, 가정생활에서 가장 불행할 때에 대해, 질병 유무 집단에 따라 차이가 있었다. 질병이 있는 집단은 건강문제 및 경제적 어려움이 대표적이었으며, 질병이 없는 집단은 가족 간 갈등이 가장 대표적이었으며, 직장생활에서 가장 불행할 때에 대해, 질병이 있는 집단은 경제적 어려움이 가장 크고 질병이 없는 집단은 과다한 업무, 인간관계의 어려움을 가장 대표적으로 지적하는 차이가 있었다. 여가생활에서 가장 불행할 때에 대해, 질병이 있는 집단은 건강문제를 가장 대표적으로 지적하였으나, 질병이 없는 집단은 여가생활 못함, 인간관계의 어려움을 대표적으로 응답하였다. 다섯째, 종합적으로 가장 불행할 때에 대해, 질병이 있는 집단은 건강 문제를 가장 대표적으로 지적하였으며, 질병이 없는 집단은 가정불화, 없음의 순서로 차이가 있었다.The purpose of this study is to examine the perception of happiness and unhappiness among middle-aged adults using indigenous psychological analysis. This study analyzed the family life, work life, leisure life, and when the respondent was most happy and unhappy. A total of 259 adults (male=180, female=79) completed an open-ended questionnaire developed by Park (2014). The results are as follows. First, for family life, a majority of adults reported being happy when they are with their family members, followed by giving birth to children and seeing them grow. As for work life, adults who have health problems listed financial security and social recognition, and adults who do not have health problems listed occupational achievement. As for leisure life, exercising was most frequently listed, followed by engaging in hobbies. Second, as for how to become happy, a majority of adults listed self-regulation, followed by taking care of one s health, harmonious interpersonal relationship, and being faithful to one s family. Third, as for being most happy, adults reported harmonious family, followed by rest and leisure time. Fourth, as for unhappiness in the family life, adults who have health problems listed health problem and financial difficulties, followed by conflicts with family members, and difficulties in child rearing. Adults who do not have health problems listed conflicts with their family members, followed by none. As for unhappiness in work life, adults who have health problems reported financial difficulties, followed by lack of ability. Adults who do not have health problems reported heavy workload and difficulties in interpersonal relationship. As for unhappiness in leisure life, adults who have health problems listed health problem, while adults who do not have health problems listed having no leisure life and difficulties in interpersonal relationship. Fifth, as for when one is most unhappy, adults who have health problems reported health problem, and adults who do not have health problems reported family conflict and never.

Sleep and personality in college students: A preliminary study

IntroductionSleep represents an important process in the stable behavioural and emotional functioning of the individual and is an important health indicator. Personality is related with academic and occupational achievement, quality of interpersonal relationships, but also with sleep. Concerning personality, individuals with lower emotional stability have greater sensitivity to stress and maladaptive sleep-related behaviour.ObjectivesThe main goal of this study is to analyze the relation between sleep quality and personality in college students.MethodsThis study employed a correlational design. A sample of 220 Portuguese students (84.9% females), with mean age of 19.5 years (sd=3.4), from different health courses, filled in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire and HEXACO-60, during a single individual session. A descriptive statistical analysis, a Pearson correlation analyses and the t Student test, for independent samples, were performed.ResultsThe results showed a predominance of poor sleep quality among students (96.3%). The more prevalent HEXACO dimensions are: Conscientiousness (X=32.6; sd=4.2) and Emotionality (X=31.2; sd=5.2). When exploring personality differences between sleep groups (GSG=Good Sleep Group; PSG=Poor Sleep Group) a significant difference was found in mean scores of the dimension Emotionality. It was observed that the PSG revealed higher levels of Emotionality than the GSG (PSG=31.5; sd=5.1; PSG=26.3; sd=4.0; p&lt;.05).ConclusionsCollege students self-report a poor sleep and the prevalent personality dimensions are Conscientiousness and Emotionality. Students with higher levels of Emotionality (fearfulness, anxiety, dependence and sentimentality) presented a poor sleep. To conclude, mediation studies are needed in order to better understanding the link between personality and sleep.

Developing job performance: mediation of occupational commitment and achievement striving with competence enhancement as a moderator

PurposeThis study draws upon the theory of eudaimonic motivation to develop a model that explains job performance in high-tech industry. This study aims to clarify through what mediating mechanism employees' social interaction and self-efficacy can substantially influence their job performance. At the same time, competence enhancement is examined as a moderator that influences the effects of social interaction and self-efficacy.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses developed in this study were empirically tested by collecting three-source data from a leading international business company in Taiwan's high-tech industry. The survey data of this study were first analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis for testing the hypotheses of the study. Post hoc tests were then performed using structural equation modeling and bootstrapping analysis for the purpose of double verifications.FindingsThis study finds that social interaction and self-efficacy relate to job performance via the full mediation of occupational commitment and achievement striving. Besides, the relationship between social interaction and occupational commitment is positively moderated by competence enhancement, while the relationship between self-efficacy and occupational commitment is negatively moderated by competence enhancement.Originality/valueThis work shows important findings that complement previous research on personnel performance and competence. First, this work confirms that social interaction and self-efficacy play critical roles for indirectly influencing job performance through the full mediation of occupational commitment and achievement striving among engineers in high-tech industry. Second, the moderating effects of competence enhancement on the relationships between social interaction and occupational commitment and between self-efficacy and occupational commitment are confirmed by this study.

Measuring Spatial Ability for Talent Identification, Educational Assessment, and Support: Evidence from Adolescents with High Achievement in Science, Arts, and Sports.

Spatial ability (SA) is a robust predictor of academic and occupational achievement. The present study investigated the psychometric properties of 10 tests for measuring of SA in a sample of talented schoolchildren. Our purpose was to identify the most suitable measurements for SA for the purpose of talent identification, educational assessment, and support. Our sample consisted of 1479 schoolchildren who had demonstrated high achievement in Science, Arts, or Sports. Several criteria were applied to evaluate the measurements, including an absence of floor and ceiling effects, low redundancy, high reliability, and external validity. Based on these criteria, we included the following four tests in an Online Short Spatial Ability Battery "OSSAB": Pattern Assembly; Mechanical Reasoning; Paper Folding; and Shape Rotation. Further analysis found differences in spatial ability across the three groups of gifted adolescents. The Science track showed the highest results in all four tests. Overall, the study suggested that the Online Short Spatial Ability Battery (OSSAB) can be used for talent identification, educational assessment, and support. The analysis showed a unifactorial structure of spatial abilities. Future research is needed to evaluate the use of this battery with other specific samples and unselected populations.

Measuring Spatial Ability for Talent Identification, Educational Assessment, and Support: Evidence from Adolescents with High Achievement in Science, Arts, and Sports

Background. Spatial ability (SA) is a robust predictor of academic and occupational achievement. The present study investigated the psychometric properties of 10 tests for measuring of SA in a sample of talented schoolchildren. Objective. Our purpose was to identify the most suitable measurements for SA for the purpose of talent identification, educational assessment, and support. Design. Our sample consisted of 1479 schoolchildren who had demonstrated high achievement in Science, Arts, or Sports. Several criteria were applied to evaluate the measurements, including an absence of floor and ceiling effects, low redundancy, high reliability, and external validity. Results. Based on these criteria, we included the following four tests in an Online Short Spatial Ability Battery “OSSAB”: Pattern Assembly; Mechanical Reasoning; Paper Folding; and Shape Rotation. Further analysis found differences in spatial ability across the three groups of gifted adolescents. The Science track showed the highest results in all four tests. Conclusion. Overall, the study suggested that the Online Short Spatial Ability Battery (OSSAB) can be used for talent identification, educational assessment, and support. The analysis showed a unifactorial structure of spatial abilities. Future research is needed to evaluate the use of this battery with other specific samples and unselected populations.

Efectos de los factores macroeconómicos e individuales sobre la movilidad socioeconómica en México: análisis mediante la estimación de un Modelo Probit Ordenado Generalizado

Objetivo: Realizar un análisis empírico del efecto que factores macroeconómicos y características individuales tienen sobre la probabilidad de que un individuo pueda descender, permanecer o avanzar en los estratos socioeconómicos. Metodología: Modelo Probit Ordenado Generalizado con datos de la Encuesta de Movilidad Social 2011. Resultados: El crecimiento de la economía, el logro educativo y ocupacional del individuo son las principales variables que influencian las probabilidades de movilidad ascendente y que reducen las probabilidades de descenso. El crecimiento económico inhibe la movilidad descendente, consolida la posición adquirida e impulsa el ascenso socioeconómico.Las variables que representan la política educativa y la apertura comercial actúan en sentido opuesto. Limitaciones: No se realiza un análisis por cohortes. Originalidad: El trabajo incorpora variables macroeconómicas para explicar la movilidad social, cuando la literatura se centra en decisiones y características del hogar de origen y del entrevistado. Conclusiones: Los resultados llaman a una reflexión crítica sobre la forma en la que la política educativa y de apertura comercial son diseñadas de tal forma que favorezcan la mejora de oportunidades para todos.

Subjective achievement experiences at work and reduced depressivity: the mediating role of psychological need satisfaction

ABSTRACT Achievements at work play important roles with regard to employees’ well-being and health. Based on conservation of resources theory, the success-resource model and self-determination theory, this paper investigates how subjective occupational achievement experiences (task-related and prosocial) relate to employees’ psychological well-being (i.e., depressivity). We hypothesize differential mediating effects via the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Over a course of four consecutive weeks, 260 employees provided weekly diary data (942 observations) that were analysed using multilevel structural equation modelling. At the within-persons level, results showed that relatedness need satisfaction mediated the negative relationship between prosocial achievement experiences and depressivity, while competence need satisfaction mediated the negative relationship between task-related achievement experiences and depressivity. This study contributes to the research proposing achievement experiences as a beneficial resource in the health promotion process and reinforces the call to differentiate between the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

Achievement Across the Life Span: Perspectives From the Terman Study of the Gifted

The Terman Study of the Gifted presents a unique opportunity to study the implications of achievement for life satisfaction in adulthood and aging. This article uses a life-span developmental perspective to summarize research concerning the lifetime achievement of the Terman sample, their appraisals of living up to their intellectual abilities, and their approaches to aging. A large majority of the Terman men reached high levels of occupational achievement, while the achievements of the Terman women were more varied. The historical context is important in understanding these gender differences. The participants’ appraisals of having lived up to their intellectual abilities were generally positive, and appraisals were related to lifetime achievement pattern and gender. Early knowledge of being labeled as gifted was negatively related to participants’ appraisals of their life accomplishments in adulthood. Finally, the lives of the Terman Study participants provide insight into possibilities for successful aging.