Occupation Ratio Research Articles

Thermodynamics and generalized hydrodynamics of simple integrable QFT in finite volume

Abstract We derive thermodynamic (TBA) and general hydrodynamic (GHD) equations corrected by virtual processes for integrable QFT on large but finite size space circle. Obtained TBA’s are solved numerically for the sinh-Gordon model. Complicated Euler scale GHD equations are expanded explicitly for small occupation ratio of virtual quasiparticles. The spectrum of velocities for the linear approximation to GHD is numerically calculated.

The Reduction Of Occupation Ratio Of The Supraspinatus Muscle Following A Simulated Acute Retracted Rotator Cuff Tear

The Reduction Of Occupation Ratio Of The Supraspinatus Muscle Following A Simulated Acute Retracted Rotator Cuff Tear

Fine structural analysis of calcium–niobium–gallium garnet (CNGG) by single-crystal anomalous X-ray scattering

Single-crystal anomalous X-ray scattering (AXS) experiments were conducted to investigate the cation distribution of calcium–niobium–gallium garnet (CNGG). AXS measurements suggested an ordered distribution of Nb at the octahedral site, and further structural refinement allowed us to obtain the structural formula Ca3Nb1.703(0) Ga3.162(2)O12. Ca was only located in the dodecahedral site, while Ga was distributed in the octa- and tetrahedral sites. The tetrahedral site had a significant number of vacancies at a ratio of one vacancy per unit cell, and the Nb/Ga occupation ratio at the octahedral site results in non-stoichiometric chemical composition of CNGG and its unique broad absorption wavelength.The findings of this study can contribute to device fabrication, property optimization, and quality control processes related to CNGG.

Cerebro-spinal flow pattern in the cervical subarachnoid space of healthy volunteers: Influence of the spinal cord morphology.

Toward further cerebro-spinal flow quantification in clinical practice, this study aims at assessing the variations in the cerebro spinal fluid flow pattern associated with change in the morphology of the subarachnoid space of the cervical canal of healthy humans by developing a computational fluid dynamics model. 3D T2-space MRI sequence images of the cervical spine were used to segment 11 cervical subarachnoid space. Model validation (time-step, mesh size, size and number of boundary layers, influences of parted inflow and inflow continuous velocity) was performed a 40-year-old patient-specific model. Simulations were performed using computational fluid dynamics approach simulating transient flow (Sparlart-Almaras turbulence model) with a mesh size of 0.6, 6 boundary layers of 0.05 mm, a time step of 20 ms simulated on 15 cycles. Distributions of components velocity and WSS were respectively analyzed within the subarachnoid space (intervertebral et intravertebral levels) and on dura and pia maters. Mean values cerebro spinal fluid velocity in specific local slices of the canal range between 0.07 and 0.17 m.s-1 and 0.1 and 0.3 m.s-1 for maximum values. Maximum wall shear stress values vary between 0.1 and 0.5 Pa with higher value at the middle of the cervical spine on pia mater and at the lower part of the cervical spine on dura mater. Intra and inter-individual variations of the wall shear stress were highlighted significant correlation gwith compression ratio (r = 0.76), occupation ratio and cross section area of the spinal cord. The inter-individual variability in term of subarachnoid canal morphology and spinal cord position influence the cerebro-spinal flow pattern, highlighting the significance of canal morphology investigation before surgery.

Improvement of Solar Farm Performance based on Photovoltaic Modules Selection

The emissions of greenhouse gases from conventional power plants are currently a significant cause for worry. In China, about 75% of total domestic energy is dependent on coal-fire power, which emits 50% of total SO2 and has a significant impact on the human respiratory system. Therefore, solar power plants are a viable option that can mitigate this problem. Furthermore, the efficiency of solar modules exhibits a progressive upward trend, while their price per watt experiences a corresponding decline, making it a promising source for future energy. This article examines the performance and effectiveness of several photovoltaic (PV) modules in designing solar plants on a certain land area measuring 10000 m2 (100 m * 100 m). The PV plant performance was evaluated by comparing occupation ratio (OR), PV power capacity, net energy production, performance ratio (PR) via PVsyst software, and lastly financial analysis. Consequently, the PV module (PV7), characterized by its high efficiency, low temperature coefficients, and affordable price, result in a significant OR (73.81%), increased installed PV power capacity (1568kW), enhanced net energy output (2269029 kWh/year), improved yearly PR (83.4%), and lastly, the shortest payback period (around two years). Instead of optimizing shadow length in existing research, this paper aims to improve the performance of large-scale solar farm based on PV module selection which results in less computation and structure installation efforts.

Handrim kinetics and quantitative ultrasound parameters for assessment of subacromial impingement in wheelchair users with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury

BackgroundMost manual wheelchair users with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury (SCI) will experience shoulder pain or pathology at some point in their life. However, guidelines for preservation of the upper limb in children with SCI are limited. Research questionWhat are the relationships between manual wheelchair handrim kinetics and quantitative ultrasound parameters related to subacromial impingement in individuals with pediatric-onset SCI? MethodsSubacromial impingement risk factors including supraspinatus tendon thickness (SST), acromiohumeral distance (AHD), and occupation ratio (OR; SST/AHD) were measured with ultrasound in 11 manual wheelchair users with pediatric-onset SCI. Handrim kinetics were acquired during the stroke cycle, including peak resultant force (FR), peak rate of rise of resultant force (ROR) and fractional effective force (FEF). Variability of handrim kinetics was computed using the coefficient of variation and linear regression was performed to assess correlations between handrim metrics and quantitative ultrasound parameters. ResultsPeak resultant force significantly increased 1.4 % and variability of FEF significantly decreased 8.0 % for every 0.1 cm increase in AHD. FEF decreased 3.5 % for every 0.1 cm increase in SST. Variability of peak resultant force significantly increased 3.6 % and variability of peak ROR of resultant force significantly increased 7.3 % for every 0.1 cm increase in SST. FEF variability significantly decreased 11.6 % for every 0.1 cm increase in SST. Peak ROR significantly decreased 1.54 % with every 10 % increase in OR. FEF variability significantly decreased 1.5 % with every 10 % increase in OR. SignificanceThis is the first study to investigate relationships among handrim kinetics and shoulder structure in manual wheelchair users with pediatric-onset SCI. Associations were identified between subacromial impingement risk factors and magnitude and variability of wheelchair handrim kinetics. These results indicate the critical need to further explore the relationships among wheelchair handrim kinetics, shoulder joint dynamics, and shoulder pathology in manual wheelchair users with pediatric-onset SCI.

Does Spinal Cord-Canal Mismatch Adversely Affect the Clinical Outcomes of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for the Treatment of Cervical Myelopathy?

Retrospective cohort study. To clarify whether clinical outcomes of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), is affected by presence of spinal canal-cord mismatch (SCCM). SCCM is considered a factor that would moderately influence surgeons to perform posterior surgery since it could widen the spinal canal, while an anterior approach could only remove degenerative pathologies grown into the spinal canal. We retrospectively reviewed 186 patients who underwent ACDF and had been followed-up for >2 years. Patients with spinal cord occupation ratio (SCOR) of ≥0.7 were classified into the SCCM group, while those with a SCOR of <0.7 were included in the no-SCCM group. Patient demographics, cervical sagittal parameters, neck pain visual analog scale (VAS), arm pain VAS, and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score were assessed. JOA score was the primary outcome of the study. One-hundred and forty-seven patients (79.0%) were included into the no-SCCM group, while 39 patients (21.0%) were classified into the SCCM group. Postoperative radiographic parameters including C2-C7 lordosis, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis, and range of motion did not significantly differ between the two groups. Neck pain VAS, arm pain VAS, and JOA score (no-SCCM group, from 13.7±2.5 to 14.6±2.3, P<0.001; SCCM group, from 13.8±1.6 to 15.0±2.0, P<0.001) significantly improved after the operation in both groups, and results were not significantly different between the two groups. Furthermore, SCOR was not significantly associated with JOA recovery rate at 2 years postoperatively in linear regression analysis. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of ACDF were not affected by the presence of SCCM. Furthermore, SCOR was not significantly associated with neurologic recovery at 2 years of follow-up. Therefore, ACDF can be safely and effectively applied for treating cervical myelopathy, regardless of the presence of SCCM, when other factors favor the anterior approach. 3.

Posterior Thoracic Antidisplacement and Fusion Surgery for a Special Type of Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament in the Thoracic Spine: Indications and Preliminary Clinical Results of 2-Year Follow-Up

To describe a novel technique, posterior thoracic antidisplacement and fusion (PTAF), for a special type of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine (T-OPLL), and to evaluate its safety and efficacy. From July to December 2020, 5 consecutive patients with beak-type T-OPLL located at the thoracic vertebral body level underwent PTAF surgery. Their demographic data, radiological parameters, perioperative complications, and surgery-related findings were recorded and analyzed. The surgical outcomes were assessed using a modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scale, and the recovery rate was calculated using the Hirabayashi's method. All patients were followed up for at least two years. The mean thickness of OPLL was 9.4±1.0mm, and the OPLL spinal canal occupying ratio was 67.7%±8.5%. Postoperatively, the mean antidisplacement distance of OPLL was 8.1±1.8mm, and the average shortened distance of the spinal column was 6.0±1.13mm. The mean operation time and blood loss were 158.2±26.3minutes and 460±89.4mL, respectively. Perioperative complications were cerebrospinal fluid leakage and instrument failure, 2 cases each. The mean modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score was increased from 3.6±2.9 before surgery to 9.4±3.0 at the last follow-up, and the average recovery rate was 84.2±30.5%. The preliminary clinical outcomes indicate that PTAF is a safe and effective method for the treatment of beak-type T-OPLL, which has its apex located at the vertebral body level and has a high spinal canal occupation ratio.

Effects of Quality of Integrity on Clinical and Structural Outcomes of Rotator Cuff Repair: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 504 Cases

Background: The clinical implications of structural integrity have been a subject of long debate. The oversimplified binary categorization of structural integrity into either healing or retear, along with faulty preoperative baselines for comparison, may contribute to the controversy. Purpose: To determine how the quality of structural integrity in a repaired cuff tendon affects both clinical and structural outcomes by dividing the patients into groups based on integrity and using the immediate postoperative baseline (time zero). Study design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 504 patients with a full-thickness rotator cuff tear who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and were followed up for at least a year with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included. The quality of structural integrity was graded using the Sugaya classification. To evaluate clinical outcomes, pain, range of motion, strength, functional scores, and overall satisfaction and function were used for within- and between-group analyses at the last follow-up. For the assessment of structural outcomes, the Goutallier classification for fatty infiltration (FI) and the tangent sign, occupation ratio, and normalized cross-sectional area for muscle atrophy (MA) were used. The baselines for these structural measurements were both the preoperative and the time-zero MRI scans. Results: The mean clinical follow-up period was 31.8 ± 27.5 months, and the MRI follow-up period was 10.9 ± 5.3 months. There were 178 (35.3%), 228 (45.2%), 58 (11.5%), 14 (2.8%), and 26 (5.2%) shoulders with Sugaya grades 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Regardless of structural integrity, all clinical outcomes at a mean follow-up of 31.8 months after repair significantly improved compared with those before repair. Only in shoulders with Sugaya grade 1 did the FI of the supraspinatus muscle improve significantly from baseline. FI of the infraspinatus muscle did not change significantly in those with grades 1 and 2 but worsened in those with grades 3 and 5. MA measured using the occupation ratio improved significantly in shoulders with Sugaya grades 1 and 2 but declined in those with grade 5. Conclusion: This study established a correlation between improved structural integrity of the repaired cuff tendon and enhanced structural outcomes in rotator cuff muscles. Furthermore, the findings revealed that both FI and MA could be reversed in patients exhibiting high-quality structural integrity. However, these structural improvements were not mirrored in the clinical outcomes.

Risk factors for preoperative neurological impairment in patients with spinal meningioma: A retrospective multicenter study

BackgroundPatients with spinal meningioma may present preoperatively with paralysis and sensory deficits. However, there is a paucity of detailed evaluations and a lack of consensus regarding imaging findings that are predictive of neurological symptoms in patients with spinal meningioma. MethodsHerein, a total of 55 patients who underwent surgical resection of spinal meningiomas in eight hospitals between 2011 and 2021 were enrolled. Patient characteristics, degree of muscle weakness, sensory disturbances, and the presence of bowel/bladder dysfunction (BBD) before surgical treatment were evaluated using medical records. Patients with American Spinal Injury Impairment Scale grades A-C and the presence of BBD were classified into the paralysis (+) group. Patients with sensory disturbances were assigned to the sensory disturbance (+) group. Based on magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography images, the tumor location was classified according to the spinal level and its attachment to the dura mater. To evaluate tumor size, the tumor occupation ratio (OR) was calculated using the area and distance measurement method in horizontal MR images, and the maximum length and area of the tumor in the sagittal plane were measured. ResultsOf all patients, 85 % were women. The mean age of patients at surgery was 69.7 years. Twenty-eight (51 %) and 41 (75 %) patients were classified into the paralysis (+) and sensory disturbance (+) groups, respectively. The average tumor length and area in the sagittal plane were 19.6 mm and 203 mm2, respectively; OR-area and diameters were 70.3 % and 72.3 %, respectively. In univariate analyses, tumor length and area in the sagittal plane were significant risk factors for paralysis. OR-diameter, symptom duration, and a low MIB-1 index correlated with sensory disturbances. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the area and length of the tumor in the sagittal plane were significantly correlated with paralysis, whereas the OR-diameter and symptom duration significantly correlated with sensory disturbances. The cut-off values for the area and length of the tumor in the sagittal plane to predict paralysis were 243 mm2 and 20.1 mm, respectively. ConclusionsPreoperative paralysis in patients with spinal meningiomas was significantly associated with sagittal tumor size than with high tumor occupancy in the horizontal plane. Sensory disturbances were associated with high occupancy in the horizontal plane. Patients with spinal meningiomas > 20 mm in length or 243 mm2 in area in the sagittal plane are at risk of developing paralysis and could be considered for surgery even in the absence of paralysis.

Potential thresholds of critically increased cardiac-related spinal cord motion in degenerative cervical myelopathy.

New diagnostic techniques are a substantial research focus in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). This cross-sectional study determined the significance of cardiac-related spinal cord motion and the extent of spinal stenosis as indicators of mechanical strain on the cord. Eighty-four DCM patients underwent MRI/clinical assessments and were classified as MRI+ [T2-weighted (T2w) hyperintense lesion in MRI] or MRI- (no T2w-hyperintense lesion). Cord motion (displacement assessed by phase-contrast MRI) and spinal stenosis [adapted spinal canal occupation ratio (aSCOR)] were related to neurological (sensory/motor) and neurophysiological readouts [contact heat evoked potentials (CHEPs)] by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. MRI+ patients (N = 31; 36.9%) were more impaired compared to MRI- patients (N = 53; 63.1%) based on the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) subscores for upper {MRI+ [median (Interquartile range)]: 4 (4-5); MRI-: 5 (5-5); p < 0.01} and lower extremity [MRI+: 6 (6-7); MRI-: 7 (6-7); p = 0.03] motor dysfunction and the monofilament score [MRI+: 21 (18-23); MRI-: 24 (22-24); p < 0.01]. Both patient groups showed similar extent of cord motion and stenosis. Only in the MRI- group displacement identified patients with pathologic assessments [trunk/lower extremity pin prick score (T/LEPP): AUC = 0.67, p = 0.03; CHEPs: AUC = 0.73, p = 0.01]. Cord motion thresholds: T/LEPP: 1.67 mm (sensitivity 84.6%, specificity 52.5%); CHEPs: 1.96 mm (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 65.6%). The aSCOR failed to show any relation to the clinical assessments. These findings affirm cord motion measurements as a promising additional biomarker to improve the clinical workup and to enable timely surgical treatment particularly in MRI- DCM patients. www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02170155.

Noninvasive inset-integrated meta-atom for achieving single-layer metasurface simultaneously with coded microwave reflectivity and digitalized infrared emissivity

Abstract With the rapid improvement of equipment integration technology, multi-spectrum detectors are integrated into compact volumes and widely used for object detection. Confront with this challenge, it is essential to propose a strategy to design a single-layer metasurface with multi-spectrum responses in microwave and infrared ranges. In this work, we proposed a method of designing meta-atoms, which is capable of achieving functional electromagnetic response at microwave and infrared individually. As a demonstration, a metasurface with four different occupation ratios and coding permutation features is designed, fabricated, and tested. In the microwave band, the pixel meta-atom is designed to realize highly efficient cross-polarization conversion between 5.0 and 10.0 GHz, which shows the metasurface can behave as ultra-low Radar Cross Section (RCS) reflectors in the working band; In the infrared band, different occupation ratio of meta-atoms are designed to realize the infrared emissivity from 0.60 to 0.80 in 3–14 μm, which can be used to exhibit digital infrared camouflage pattern. This work promotes the ability to use single-layer design to achieve digital infrared camouflage and microwave RCS reduction simultaneously. The one-layer design is simple in geometry, simplified in process, low cost in economy, and large scale in fabrication, which can promote practical use in compatible microwave stealth and infrared camouflage.

Quantification of cervical spinal stenosis by automated 3D MRI segmentation of spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid space

DesignProspective diagnostic study.ObjectivesAnatomical evaluation and graduation of the severity of spinal stenosis is essential in degenerative cervical spine disease. In clinical practice, this is subjectively categorized on cervical MRI lacking an objective and reliable classification. We implemented a fully-automated quantification of spinal canal compromise through 3D T2-weighted MRI segmentation.SettingMedical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.MethodsEvaluation of 202 participants receiving 3D T2-weighted MRI of the cervical spine. Segments C2/3 to C6/7 were analyzed for spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid space volume through a fully-automated segmentation based on a trained deep convolutional neural network. Spinal canal narrowing was characterized by relative values, across sever segments as adapted Maximal Canal Compromise (aMCC), and within the index segment as adapted Spinal Cord Occupation Ratio (aSCOR). Additionally, all segments were subjectively categorized by three observers as “no”, “relative” or “absolute” stenosis. Computed scores were applied on the subjective categorization.Results798 (79.0%) segments were subjectively categorized as “no” stenosis, 85 (8.4%) as “relative” stenosis, and 127 (12.6%) as “absolute” stenosis. The calculated scores revealed significant differences between each category (p ≤ 0.001). Youden’s Index analysis of ROC curves revealed optimal cut-offs to distinguish between “no” and “relative” stenosis for aMCC = 1.18 and aSCOR = 36.9%, and between “relative” and “absolute” stenosis for aMCC = 1.54 and aSCOR = 49.3%.ConclusionThe presented fully-automated segmentation algorithm provides high diagnostic accuracy and objective classification of cervical spinal stenosis. The calculated cut-offs can be used for convenient radiological quantification of the severity of spinal canal compromise in clinical routine.

Shifting analysis of grain carriers using System Dynamics Simulation

PT PFS is a subsidiary of PT BJ specially serving of port services. PT PFS need to shift FSO Ardjuna Sakti from jetty 1.6-1.7 to the new jetty (jetty 4.5-4.6) because PT PFS has some problems and activity plans. The problems are teh increased of commercial demand, the development jetty 3 of port CDG, the Berth Occupation Ratio (BOR) which already exceeds 65%, the expansion plan of PT BJ and the need for flexibility on the jetty 1.5-1.8. Therefore, it is necessary to do the analysis of shifting the FSO Ardjuna Sakti. The method use in this study is comparing the financial analysis using manual calculation and system dynamics simulation. The financial analysis uses in this study are Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period, Net Present Value (NPV) and comparing revenue and profit between FSO Ardjuna Sakti in jetty 1.6-17 and jetty 4.5-4.6. The result of the study showed that the IRR is 14,73%, it is exceed than the MARR of BI rate 6,5%, Payback Period is 5 years so investment will comeback at 5 next years, and the value of the NPV with manual and system dynamics simulation has both positive value or exceed than 0 (zero). The result of manual calculation of NPV is Rp.15.369.374.455 and the result of system dynamics simulation is Rp.1.184.863.983.489. Comparing manual calculation and system dynamics simulation of revenue and profit of FSO Ardjuna Sakti in jetty 1.6-1.7 respectively is Rp.2.384.292.880 and Rp.2.125719.660 whilst in jetty 4.5-4.6 respectively is Rp.9.015.993.344 and Rp.6.761.995.008. From those financial methods compared manually and by system dynamics simulation, we can conclude the investment decisions are feasible. And activity of shifting FSO Ardjuna Sakti from jetty 1.6-1.7 to the jetty 4.5-4.6 is appropriate to do.

Primary Stability of Implants Inserted into Polyurethane Blocks: Micro-CT and Analysis In Vitro.

A total of 150 implant sites were prepared in rigid polyurethane blocks to simulate two distinct bone densities of 15 pounds per cubic foot (PCF) and 30 PCF, with a 1-mm-thick simulated cortex. The implant sites were equally distributed among piezoelectric surgery (PES), traditional drills (TD), and black ruby magnetic mallet inserts (MM). Two methods have been employed to evaluate the implant's primary stability, Osstell and micro-tomography. In the present study, we observed significant variations in the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values. More precisely, our findings indicate that the ISQ values were generally higher for 30 PCF compared to 15 PCF. In terms of the preparation technique, PES exhibited the greatest ISQ values, followed by MM, and finally TD. These findings corresponded for both bone densities of 30 PCF (PES 75.6 ± 1.73, MM 69.8 ± 1.91, and TD 65.8 ± 1.91) and 15 PCF (PES 72.3 ± 1.63, MM 62.4 ± 1.77, and TD 60.6 ± 1.81). By utilizing Micro-CT scans, we were able to determine the ratio of the implant occupation to the preparation site. Furthermore, we could calculate the maximum distance between the implant and the wall of the preparation site. The findings demonstrated that PES had a higher ratio of implant to preparation site occupation, followed by TD, and then the MM, at a bone density of 30 PCF (PES 96 ± 1.95, TD 94 ± 1.88, and MM 90.3 ± 2.11). Nevertheless, there were no statistically significant differences in the occupation ratio among these three approaches in the bone density of 15 PCF (PES 89.6 ± 1.22, TD 90 ± 1.31, and MM 88.4 ± 1.17). Regarding the maximum gap between the implant and the site preparation, the smallest gaps were seen when TD were used, followed by MM, and finally by PES, either in a bone density 15 PCF (PES 318 ± 21, TD 238 ± 17, and MM 301 ± 20 μm) or in a bone density 30 PCF (PES 299 ± 20, TD 221 ± 16, and MM 281 ± 19 μm). A statistical analysis using ANOVA revealed these differences to be significant, with p-values of < 0.05. The outcomes of this study indicate that employing the PES technique and osteo-densification with MM during implant insertion may enhance the primary stability and increase the possibility of early implant loading.

Accurate Nonstandard Path Integral Models for Arbitrary Dielectric Boundaries in 2-D NS-FDTD Domains.

An efficient path integral (PI) model for the accurate analysis of curved dielectric structures on coarse grids via the two-dimensional nonstandard finite-difference time-domain (NS-FDTD) technique is introduced in this paper. In contrast to previous PI implementations of the perfectly electric conductor case, which accommodates orthogonal cells in the vicinity of curved surfaces, the novel PI model employs the occupation ratio of dielectrics in the necessary cells, providing thus a straightforward and instructive means to treat an assortment of practical applications. For its verification, the reflection from a flat plate and the scattering from a cylinder using the PI model are investigated. Results indicate that the featured methodology can enable the reliable and precise modeling of arbitrarily shaped dielectrics in the NS-FDTD algorithm on coarse grids.

Static and Modal Analysis of a Box Structured Satellite Deployment Mechanism with self-actuated Torsion Joint

A brand-new satellite deployment mechanism with boxed structure and self-actuated torsion joints is proposed and an effective method to verify the feasibility of this mechanism is established in this paper. This mechanism has the characteristics of high base frequency, high ratio of deployed and folded space occupation ratio. In order to meet the design requirements, the related analysis and optimization need to be conducted, and several conclusions are obtained. Firstly, the modal analysis of deployment mechanism at folded and fully deployed state is analyzed, and the result showed that the proper wall thickness is the key parameter to satisfy the design requirement and an optimized value could be obtained; Secondly, the heat deformation analysis result showed that the material plays an more important roll on affecting the thermal deformation than structure parameter; Thirdly, Under the torsional moment of the joints, the stress distribution of the deployment mechanism under different folding angle is investigated, it could be clearly found that the maximum stress is always located on the bonded area of the rod and joint, and the maximum stress is increased with the opening angle generally. By combined analysis including thermal, static, and modal, the related characteristics are obtained which could be used for structure optimization and provide an effective solution for the design of box structured satellite unfolding mechanism with self-actuated torsional joints.

Sensitive Luminescence Thermometry through Excitation Intensity Ratio in Eu-Doped BaTiO3.

Optical ratiometric thermometry techniques have gained much attention in recent years due to their reliable and noncontact temperature sensing capability for industrial and biorelated applications. Herein, we exploited the temperature dependence of the absorption band of BaTiO3 (BTO) for novel excitation intensity ratio (EIR) thermometry. Photoluminescence and excitation properties of Eu3+-doped BTO powders were studied as a function of Eu3+ doping concentration. The excitation peak intensities at 397 and 468 nm, corresponding to the 7F0 → 5L6 and 5D2 transitions of Eu3+, were used as EIR parameters. The temperature dependence of the EIR can be explained by the competitive absorption between Eu3+ and the BTO host. The EIR properties were studied in relation to the doping concentration, registering a maximum relative sensitivity (Sr) of 4.89% K-1 in BTO:Eu3+ (0.5%) at 303 K. An amphoteric Eu3+ occupation mode at both Ba2+ and Ti4+ sites was found to interpret the doping concentration dependence of the Sr. The reduced Ba2+ site occupation ratio proved to be responsible for the low Sr values at high Eu3+ doping concentrations. Accordingly, an Eu3+/Ti3+ codoping method was further proposed to improve the Sr by increasing the Ba2+ site occupation ratio. Our result showed that BTO:Eu3+ (0.5%) demonstrated an enhancement of Sr from 4.89 to 6.42% K-1 at 303 K after 2% Ti3+ codoping.

Retinal Adaptation in Response to Light and Dark Regimes in the Oriental Armyworm Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker), is a well-known nocturnal migratory pest that relies on its exceptional nocturnal vision for navigation during long-distance flights. In this study, we investigated the ultrastructure of the compound eyes of adult M. separata using transmission electron microscopy and quantitatively evaluated adaptational changes in the retina under light and dark conditions. The compound eyes of M. separata are superposition eyes with a clear zone. The retina shows remarkable anatomical differences under light and dark adaptation, primarily characterized by distinct patterns of rhabdoms within the clear zone: the rhabdoms are nearly absent under light adaptation, but become more voluminous under dark adaptation. In the distal, middle, and proximal sections of the clear zone, the cross-sectional areas of retinulae and rhabdoms, as well as the rhabdom occupation ratio, are significantly larger under dark adaptation than under light adaptation. Conversely, the opposite trend is observed beneath the clear zone. These results indicate remarkable plasticity in the M. separata retina throughout a normal daily cycle, providing a theoretical basis for improving searchlight and ground light trap techniques for the management of this migratory species.

Dependence of Rotator Cuff Muscle Thickness and Stiffness on Low-Level Contractions: Metrology of the Contraction Level Using Shear-Wave Imaging.

The study aimed to investigate the effects of the level of contraction during isometric shoulder abduction at different abduction angles on muscle thickness and stiffness of the shoulder girdle in asymptomatic individuals. Measurement properties study. Biomechanics and motion analysis lab. Twenty individuals volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were tested for morphological and mechanical properties, expressed by thickness and stiffness of the supraspinatus tendon and muscle, and upper trapezius muscle. Moreover, acromiohumeral distance was also evaluated using B-mode ultrasound and shear-wave elastography. The thickness and stiffness of the supraspinatus and upper trapezius muscle were assessed at 3 angles of abduction (0°, 60°, and 90°) and 3 levels of contraction (0%, 10%, and 20% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction) using ultrasonography with shear-wave imaging. Moreover, the acromiohumeral distance was measured to establish the occupation ratio during passive movement. The supraspinatus and upper trapezius muscle thickness and stiffness were significantly greater at 60° shoulder abduction compared with 0°, and 90° compared with 60°, as well as significantly greater at 20% maximal voluntary isometric contraction compared with 0% and 10% maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Thickness and stiffness were significantly greater in the supraspinatus compared with the upper trapezius muscle at all 3 angles of shoulder abduction for all 3 level of contractions. The acromiohumeral distance decreased significantly from 0° to 60° and from 60° to 90°. Morphological and mechanical properties of the supraspinatus and upper trapezius muscles depended on the relative level of muscle contraction and the angle of shoulder abduction.