Observation Instrument Research Articles

Implementing an Outgoing Longwave Radiation Climate Dataset from Fengyun 3E Satellite Data with a Machine-Learning Algorithm

China’s FengYun 3E (FY3E) meteorological satellite, launched in 2021, is equipped with advanced instruments for comprehensive Earth observations. In this study, we compared outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) measurements from the FY3E satellite (FY3E OLR) and from a series of satellites operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA, United States of America; hereafter NOAA OLR) and analyzed the spatiotemporal differences between the datasets. We designed a new correction model, “DeepFM”, implementing both a factorization machine algorithm and a deep artificial neural network to minimize daily mean differences between the datasets. Then, we evaluated the spatiotemporal consistency between the corrected FY3E OLR and NOAA OLR data. The DeepFM model effectively reduced daily mean differences: after correction, the daily mean absolute bias and root-mean-square error decreased from 7.4 W/m2 to 4.2 W/m2 and from 10.3 W/m2 to 6.3 W/m2, respectively, indicating a notably improved spatiotemporal consistency between the corrected FY3E OLR and NOAA OLR data. Subsequently, we merged these datasets to generate a long-term OLR dataset suitable for climate analyses. This study provides a robust technological basis and innovative methodology for the dedicated application of China meteorological satellites to climate science.

The chemical assessment of surfaces and air (CASA) study: using chemical and physical perturbations in a test house to investigate indoor processes.

The Chemical Assessment of Surfaces and Air (CASA) study aimed to understand how chemicals transform in the indoor environment using perturbations (e.g., cooking, cleaning) or additions of indoor and outdoor pollutants in a well-controlled test house. Chemical additions ranged from individual compounds (e.g., gaseous ammonia or ozone) to more complex mixtures (e.g., a wildfire smoke proxy and a commercial pesticide). Physical perturbations included varying temperature, ventilation rates, and relative humidity. The objectives for CASA included understanding (i) how outdoor air pollution impacts indoor air chemistry, (ii) how wildfire smoke transports and transforms indoors, (iii) how gases and particles interact with building surfaces, and (iv) how indoor environmental conditions impact indoor chemistry. Further, the combined measurements under unperturbed and experimental conditions enable investigation of mitigation strategies following outdoor and indoor air pollution events. A comprehensive suite of instruments measured different chemical components in the gas, particle, and surface phases throughout the study. We provide an overview of the test house, instrumentation, experimental design, and initial observations - including the role of humidity in controlling the air concentrations of many semi-volatile organic compounds, the potential for ozone to generate indoor nitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), the differences in microbial composition between the test house and other occupied buildings, and the complexity of deposited particles and gases on different indoor surfaces.

Development, validation, and reliability of a new instrument of observation and technical evaluation in karate athletes

Development, validation, and reliability of a new instrument of observation and technical evaluation in karate athletes

Working mechanisms of imagery rescripting (ImRs) in adult patients with childhood-related PTSD: a pilot study

ABSTRACT Background: Imagery rescripting (ImRs) has shown to be an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) resulting from childhood-related trauma. The current theory is that the change of meaning of the trauma memory is central to the treatment. Several authors have suggested that the expression of needs, feelings and actions may act as potential healing factors, but little specific research aimed at (in)validating this hypothesis has been done so far. Objective: In this study we investigated to what extent the expression of inhibited action tendencies and the fulfilling of needs lead to the reduction of PTSD symptoms in clients with early childhood trauma. Method: Recordings of 249 therapy sessions of 24 ImRs treatments were rated with an observation instrument developed for this purpose, after which the scores were related to pre and posttreatment symptoms, assessed with the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R). Results: Scores on the IES-R decreased from pretreatment to posttreatment. The two subscales of the NATS (At-scale and N-scale)significantly predicted the posttreatment scores on the IES-R after controlling for the influence of pretreatment IES-R scores: the better the expression of inhibited action tendencies and the better the fulfilling of needs, the lower the symptoms after treatment. Conclusions: This pilot study on the underlying mechanisms of ImRs in PTSD treatment has shown that the expression of action tendencies and fulfilling basic needs during ImRs are associated with a decrease in PTSD symptoms after treatment, and that actions and basic needs cannot be viewed separately. Follow-up research could focus on which of the six domains of the Needs and Action tendencies Scale (NATS) has the greatest effect on the reduction of PTSD symptoms. With this information we can further improve the ImRs protocol.

Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Melalui Metode Pembelajaran Interaktif

The low learning outcomes of the science subject matter were caused by teachers. After the teacher felt a decrease in students’ interest in science learning. It can be observed that there is still material that seems difficult for children to understand: one of which is related to "everyday material according to its components (single substances and mixtures)". The purpose of this study is none other than to improve the learning outcomes of class V students of SDN 12 Banyuasin I with learning methods. This study is based on Classroom Action Research which consists of two parts. Qualitative data was obtained through observation instruments of single substances and mixtures of students. The interactive learning model is designed to allow students to ask their own questions and get answers. This interactive learning model can also be understood as learning that emphasizes communication between students and students and teachers in direct interaction with learning resources. After seeing the evaluation results, the teacher felt a decrease in students’ interest in science learning. It can be concluded that the average science learning score of class V students of SDN 12 Banyuasin I after using the interactive method where cycle I was 68.0 and cycle II was 89.3, so that the average from Cycle I to Cycle II can be known.

The Bruce-Mengden and Cornelis Cruys Maps of the Lower Don (1696-1705): An Inflection Point in the Practice of Russian Cartography?

Maps of the lower Don and Azov region produced by James Bruce and Cornelis Cruys in connection with Peter I’s 1696 Azov campaign appear to mark the point at which cartographic work undertaken on Russian territory by specialists in Russian service began moving beyond the traditional chertezh mapping model and embraced the principles of the new Western European geodesic cartography. This was becoming possible through greater familiarization with Copernican cosmography and higher mathematics, the importation of new instruments of observation, and the establishment of new centers of calculation on Russian soil. The adoption of the new geodesic cartography served the Petrine imperial project—not only in supporting communications and logistics on the empire’s frontiers, but in winning European acknowledgment of Russian Imperial sovereignty. The process of adoption also illustrates the manner in which a network of collaborating scholars in Russia and abroad was quickly assembled.

IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MERDEKA BELAJAR DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL

This study aims to identify and analyze the implementation of the Independent Curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka) from the aspects of planning, execution, and evaluation in Indonesian language learning based on local wisdom, as applied at SMP Negeri 1 Bayan. A qualitative approach was used in this research. Data collection techniques involved direct observation, analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The results indicate that the planning stage has been executed very well, meeting the criteria outlined in six indicators on the observation instrument for planning. The planning activities carried out by teachers include the preparation of teaching modules, Learning Outcomes (Capaian Pembelajaran or CP), formulation of Learning Objectives (Tujuan Pembelajaran or TP), development of the Learning Objectives Flow (Alur Tujuan Pembelajaran or ATP), and design of instructional steps, learning media, and assessment tools for student learning. At the implementation stage, the curriculum was also executed very well, meeting the criteria outlined in twenty-nine indicators in the observation instrument for implementation. In this regard, the form of curriculum implementation in Indonesian language learning involved the teacher delivering instruction based on the prepared Indonesian language module, specifically a letter-text module designed in the planning phase. At the evaluation stage, the curriculum implementation was carried out very effectively, meeting the criteria in the observation instrument for evaluation, which includes diagnostic evaluation, formative assessment, and summative assessment.

The relationship between muscle mass changes and protein or energy intake in critically ill children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

AbstractSurvivorship after pediatric critical illness is high in developed countries, but many suffer physical morbidities afterwards. The increasing focus on follow‐up after critical illness has led to more pediatric studies reporting muscle mass changes (using ultrasound), albeit with different results. A systematic literature review was undertaken examining muscle mass changes, assessed by ultrasound of the quadriceps femoris muscle in children who are critically ill. Secondary objectives were to determine if muscle mass was associated with protein intake and/or energy. Databases were searched in July 2024. Eligible experimental or observational studies, published from January 2010 to July 2024 and including children who are critically ill that were aged between ≥37 weeks' gestational age and 18 years who were admitted to the pediatric critical care unit were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute for observational studies critical appraisal instrument was used to assess studies for methodological quality. One hundred and thirty‐five studies were screened, and eight prospective cohort studies were included, involving 411 children. Overall, muscle mass changes reported in seven out of eight of the papers showed a pooled mean muscle mass loss of 8.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.6–11.4) from baseline to days 5–7. Five of the eight publications defined muscular atrophy as a decrease in muscle mass of >10%. Using this cutoff, 92 (49.2%) children developed muscular atrophy during their PICU admission. Overall, muscle mass decreased by nearly 10% during a child's first week in PICU, with almost half of children developing muscular atrophy during their admission.

IMPLEMENTATION OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION NUMBER 19 OF 2022 CONCERNING TASK OF ASSISTANCE TO CONTRIBUTION TO VILLAGE GOVERNMENT SUKADAME IN CARRYING OUT THE VOTING PROPERTY TAX

The aim of this research is to describe the implementation of Government Regulation Number 19 of 2022 concerning assistance tasks in the Suka Dame Village Government, Silangkitang District in terms of collecting Land and Building Tax (PBB). The lack of progress at the regional level regarding the implementation of PP Number 19 of 2022 indicates that assistance tasks at the village level have not gone as expected. The assistance task is a mandate from the Central Government to the Regions to carry out according to what has been mandated in the law. The problem obtained in this research is whether the Suka Dame Village Government has implemented Government Regulation Number 19 of 2022 properly in terms of collecting Land and Building Tax. In order to find answers to the problem formulation, the researcher carried out a research method using a qualitative approach using research instruments of observation, interviews and documentation by appointing 4 key informants. The results of the research show that some people are less active in carrying out their obligations as citizens, out of a total population of 2923 people, 1806 people actively pay land and building tax. This gives an indication that the assistance tasks as stated in PP Number 19 of 2022 in Suka Dame Village have not gone well.Keywords: Implementation, Assistance Duties, Village Government, land and building taxes

Classroom observations in elementary schools with Educational Climate Assessment Tool (EduCAT): the concurrent validity with Classroom Assessment Scoring System

The classroom social–emotional climate is critical to students’ wellbeing and learning ability. In practice and research, an assessment instrument with strong validity is invaluable, providing crucial information about the classroom’s social–emotional and learning climate. This allows for a more accurate appreciation of the quality of the learning environment. A valid instrument is helpful and essential in improving the classroom climate in practice and demonstrating intervention outcomes in research. The primary aim was to evaluate the concurrent validity of the Educational Climate Assessment Tool (EduCAT)—a newly developed classroom observation instrument based on a solid theoretical framework and previous empirical research. The concurrent validity testing involved examining pairwise and multivariate canonical correlations between scores from the EduCAT scales (stimulation, improvement, structure, relationship, and influence) and scores from the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS®) administered concurrently in 30 kindergarten to third grade (K-3) classrooms in four schools in Sweden. The pairwise correlation results show that the scores of the two observation instruments have strong and moderate positive correlations, as hypothesized. The canonical correlation identifies which scales in EduCAT correlate more strongly to scales in CLASS®. The results indicate that the observations measured with EduCAT tap similar aspects of classroom climate quality to those measured with CLASS®, thereby confirming the new protocol’s concurrent validity and instilling confidence in its use.

Strategi Pelestarian Budaya Melalui Pembakuan Notasi Musik Kelintang Jolo di Muaro Jambi

This research aims to identify cultural preservation strategies through the standardization of Kelintang Jolo music notation in Muaro Jambi. The process skills used are ethnophysics-based qualitative research. This research uses a method that combines a qualitative approach with ethnographic and physics studies. The data collection techniques used were site survey, research instrument development, observation and documentation, interviews, data analysis and conclusion drawing, and evaluation. The results of this study indicate that Kelintang Jolo notation has an important role in preserving the traditional culture of Muaro Jambi which consists of (1) History of Kelintang Jolo. (2) The process of making Kelintang Jolo. (3) The concept of Ethnophysics in Kelintang Jolo. (4) Kelintang Jolo instrument. (5) Standardization of Music Notation. The implication of the research is expected support from various parties to maintain the sustainability of Kelintang Jolo music notation as a valuable cultural heritage. It is hoped that the results of this study can contribute to cultural preservation efforts through the standardization of traditional music notation in Indonesia.

The state of Earth Observing system today: updates compiled from recent EUMETSAT Meteorological Satellite Conferences

Abstract This work presents highlights from the 2021 and 2022 EUMETSAT conferences, drawn from their presentations, posters and panel discussions and placed into the wider context of the global Earth Observing (EO) system. These highlights collectively reveal much about the current state of knowledge about the EO system, its potential future evolutions and how that system may be used to produce useful products and services. European, American and Asian space agencies presented their visions for the next generation of operational satellite programmes and demonstrated how these will continue to improve environmental forecasting and monitoring products. User communities presented updates in the use of satellite data, including climate records, novel precipitation retrievals, drought monitoring, weather forecasting and retrievals of a broadening range of trace gases. On the technology side, discussion on the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Earth observation was a major theme, particularly for weather forecasting, data assimilation or other environmental predictions. Cloud computing was another topic due to its potential to streamline the workflow of EO scientists, enhancing collaborations and unlocking access to previously-unavailable data or computing resources. Finally, discussion on the miniaturization of observational instruments was another major theme of both conferences, highlighting both the possibility of novel or enhanced observations and the emerging economic case for commercial entities to operate fleets of meteorological satellites.

Development of an atmospheric boundary layer detection system based on a rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle.

To enhance meteorological detection methods, an atmospheric boundary layer detection system based on a rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was proposed. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed to model the surrounding airflow distribution during UAV hovering, thereby determining the optimal positions for sensor installation. A novel radiation shield was designed for the temperature sensor, offering both excellent radiation shielding and superior ventilation. To further improve temperature measurement accuracy, an error correction model based on CFD and neural network algorithms was designed. CFD was used to quantify the temperature measurement errors of the sensor under different environmental conditions. Subsequently, random forest and multilayer perceptron algorithms were employed to train and learn from the simulated temperature errors, resulting in the development of the error correction model. To validate the accuracy of the detection system, comparative experiments were conducted using the measurement values from the 076B temperature observation instrument as a reference. The experimental results indicate that the mean absolute error, root mean square error, and correlation coefficient between the experimental temperature errors and the algorithm-predicted errors are 0.055, 0.066, and 0.971 °C, respectively. The average error of the corrected temperature data is 0.05 °C, which shows substantial agreement with the reference temperature data. During UAV hovering, the average discrepancies between the temperature, humidity, and air pressure data of the detection system and the ground-based reference data are 0.6 °C, 1.6% RH, and 0.77 hPa, respectively.

What is observable? Exploring the design and content validity of a clinical teaching observation instrument

ABSTRACT Globally, preservice teacher (PST) pedagogy needs to be developed and evaluated within teacher preparation programs (TPPs). This case study explores the procedures within one school of education in the United States to design a clinical teaching observation instrument. The authors report on the systematic processes of a committee representing six disparate TPPs to first identify essential observable PST behaviors that translate across programs. They then reveal how the committee designs an instrument and creates usable scales to detail the range in quality of these behaviors. Throughout both processes, the authors explain their use of clinical field supervisor feedback to revise and validate the instrument so that it reflects the knowledge of those who have experience with and will be implementing it. This study has implications for TPPs across domestic and international contexts about the systematic processes for development as well as policymakers and PSTs on observable pedagogical behaviors.

Promoting preservice teachers’ facilitation of argumentation in mathematics and science through digital simulations

To explore whether multiple approximations of practice can work together, we examine how a suite of three digital simulations influences preservice teacher (PST) preparedness. In this pre-registered study, we used survey and observational instruments to collect data from 66 elementary PSTs during their mathematics or science methods course to investigate changes in PSTs' ability to facilitate argumentation-focused discussions, beliefs about their preparedness to teach and effective instruction, noticing skills, and understanding about argumentation. Findings indicate that using these simulations across one semester improved PSTs’ ability to facilitate argumentation-focused discussions and improved their beliefs about content teaching and their perceptions of preparedness.

Dust emission from different land use types based on the PI-SWERL test

Dust emissions have important impacts on the ecological environment and air quality. To explore the underlying mechanisms, characteristics and influence factors of the dust emission from different land use types along the northern dust transport path of Beijing, a portable dust observation instrument (PI-SWERL) was used to test the dust emissions from typical land use types in both the leapfrog mode and progressive mode. The results showed that in the leapfrog mode, the dust emission concentrations (DECs) of the different land use types exhibited four patterns with increasing friction wind speed: fluctuation type, fluctuating growth type, linear growth type and growth stability type. In the progressive mode, the instantaneous dust emission fluxes (IDEFs) from the different land use types under the same friction wind speed exhibited three variation characteristics with increasing erosion time: rapid decline, decline after stabilization, and remaining stable. These variation characteristics preliminarily reflected the dust emission mechanisms and emission potentials of the different land use types. For different land types, the DEFs of grassland after crust destruction (GCD) and vineyard land (VL) were the largest, and the maximum value reached 14 mg/m2·s at a friction wind speed of 0.69 m/s. The DEFs of grassland (TS), stubble land (StL), saline-alkali land (SAL), shrubland (ShL) and grassland with crust (GC) were the lowest, with maximum DEFs of less than 0.3 mg/m2·s. The differences in dust emissions from different land types were mainly affected by the topsoil dust content, soil crust, surface vegetation and human disturbance. Under the influence of various factors, the DEFs of plowed land were 3.62–8.36 times greater than those of unplowed land and 81.78–175.50 times greater than those of grassland at friction wind speeds of 0.39, 0.55 and 0.69 m/s. The DEFs of land after removing stubble were 36.34–164.86 times greater than those of stubble land, and the DEFs of grassland after crust destruction were 50.50–195.25 times greater than those of grassland with crust. In this study, the PI-SWERL dust tests have important reference significance for analyzing dust emission mechanisms, characteristics, potential and effects of human disturbance in different land use types.

Predicting closed quarters battle capability – Examining the influence of personality, attentional ability, 2D:4D-ratio and mindfulness on tactical performance

ABSTRACT Close Quarters Battle (CQB) is an operational approach in confined spaces gaining increasing significance in urban combat missions. Due to its high psychophysiological demands, the CQB ability is an essential selection criterion for special forces. Until now, there has been no research on predictors of CQB capability. This study examined the influence of the Big Five personality traits, self-esteem, resilience, attentional ability, 2D:4D digit ratio, and mindfulness on the CQB performance. The German sample comprised a total of n = 45 individuals (n = 29police special forces; n = 16 unspecialized soldiers) who conducted psychometrics and a CQB test consisting of three scenarios. In these scenarios, two independent experts evaluated tactical behavior, weapon handling, gaze behavior, response time, and failures using a standardized behavioral observation instrument based on video recordings (external cameras and mobile eye-tracking). The results revealed that only extraversion predicted the CQB performance (β = -.40, p = .035). However, the mean 2D:4D ratio was strongly associated with gaze behavior (r = .45, p = .007), tactical behavior (r = .41, p = .019), and attentional ability (p = .57, p < .001). Surprisingly, the findings indicate that CQB, as a high-risk and analytical task, is better performed by introverted personnel.

Analysis of Successful Offensive Patterns in Critical Moments in Men’s EuroBasket 2022 and Women’s 2021

The growing trend of analyzing all performance factors involved in a game makes identifying offensive patterns a determining factor in improving tactical performance and decision making during a game. The main objective of this research was to analyze the effectiveness and detect successful patterns on offense at critical moments in the men’s EuroBasket 2022 and women’s EuroBasket 2021. The sample was composed of 509 technical–tactical offensive actions obtained from the last 2 min of the final quarters and overtime from the group stage and final round, whose difference in the final score was equal to or less than five points. For this purpose, observational methodology was employed using LINCE PLUS software through an observational instrument designed ad hoc. Descriptive analysis and chi-square (χ2) tests were performed with SPSS 25, and a pattern analysis (T-Patterns) was performed with Theme 5 software. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. The teams that were losing when performing the offense finished a greater number of plays and with greater effectiveness. Fastbreaks seem to be more effective in the closing minutes, a play characterized by a maximum of three passes and by finishing with individual play such as 1 × 1. In turn, actions finished near the hoop by inside players seem to be more effective when the possession is finished before 17 s. The practical implications described in this research will enable coaches to tailor their strategies and training to the critical moments of the game.

Developing kinaesthetic competence and team dynamics : Aquality improvement project in astroke unit

Movement training for stroke patients is acrucial component of their treatment. Lack of time and staff are often described as limiting factors for the development of kinaesthetic competence. In contrast, apositive team atmosphere and awareness of kinaesthetics are seen to be beneficial. The goal of this quality improvement project was to promote the kinaesthetic competence of astroke unit (SU) nursing team and to investigate its influence on team dynamics. As ateam intervention for the project, abasic course in kinaesthetics in nursing, augmented by practical instructions, was conducted exclusively for the SU nursing team. The Kinaesthetics Competence Observation (KCO) instrument was used to determine competence development. The participants rated team dynamics on ascale of 0-10points. In all, 88% of the nursing team took part in the quality improvement project and successfully completed the basic course. The kinaesthetic competence improved by 4.2KCO points and the team dynamics also increased by around 2points. Abasic kinaesthetics course with practical instructions improves kinaesthetic competence. Continuous instruction, long-term process implementation and support from nursing managers are required to establish kinaesthetic competence in the long term. The results show that akinaesthetic training project carried out in this way has apositive influence not only on kinaesthetic competence but also on the dynamics of acare team.

Implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum in the Subject of Pancasila and Civic Education

This study aims to determine the effect of applying the Independent Learning Curriculum in Pancasila and Civic Education subjects in the experimental class with the average learning outcomes of lessons in the control class using the 2013 curriculum. The method used in this research is the Experimental method with the research design used is that the experimental group is given treatment, namely using the independent learning curriculum (x) and the control group in its learning uses the 2013 curriculum (y). The sample in this study were all students of class VII A and class VII B of the Catholic Junior High School of the Sacred Heart of Manado totaling 38 students, consisting of two classes, namely the control class totaling 18 students and the experimental class totaling 20 students. The variables and indicators used are independent variables and dependent variables. In data collection techniques using observation and research instruments. Based on the results of the study, it shows that there is a significant influence on learning outcomes in Pancasila and Civic Education subjects in class VII students of the Catholic Junior High School of the Sacred Heart of Manado.