Oblique Rotation Research Articles

Investigating the parametric impacts on dust-ion-acoustic solitary waves in magnetized rotating plasmas

This article examines the combined effect of plasma rotation, magnetic field, and several parameters on the dust-ion-acoustic solitary waves (DIASWs). A rotating plasma system is assumed that comprises positive ions (mobile and adiabatic), negative light ions (trapped), isothermal electrons, and dust particles (stationary and positively or negatively charged). Using the reductive perturbation technique (RPT), the mKdV equation is obtained to investigate the variations in wave nature caused by different forces and parameters. It is found that the external magnetic field, oblique rotation, electron and dust concentrations play a key role in varying wave amplitude, width as well as phase speed. Depending on whether the dust is positively or negatively charged, the rotational frequency increases (decreases) the phase speed (amplitude and width). Moreover, the magnetic field enhances the wave amplitude but reduces the width. The results obtained from the study are expected to be useful in describing rotating flows of magnetized plasmas observed in white dwarfs, neutron stars, pulsar radiations, etc.

Psychometric evaluation of the Social Support Questionnaire for Transactions in Turkish gender-based violence sample

AimThis study aims to investigate the reliability and predictive validity of the Social Support Questionnaire for Transactions (SSQT) scale. DesignA psychometric design using cross-sectional data. MethodThis cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between February–June 2021 using snowball sampling through an online survey panel. 204 Turkish survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) participated in the research. ResultsThe mean age of participants was 35.66 ± 12.50. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis examined the construct validity of the SSQT scale. The principle axis factoring (PAF) estimation method was performed, including oblique rotation (Promax) for EFA, and the diagonally weighted least squares (DWLS) estimation method was used for CFA. Test-retest reliability coefficients (r) were moderate to excellent, ranging from 0.48 to 0.88. The analyzes supported the 5-factor solution, and the reliability was evaluated with Cronbach's Alpha coefficients for Social Friendship, Daily Emotional Support, Problem-Oriented Emotional Support, Daily Instrumental Support, and Problem-Focused Instrumental Support sub-dimensions, and the total score of SSQT showing 0.87, 0.84, 0.90, 0.73, 0.83, and 0.93, respectively. The relationships between sub-dimensions of SSQT showed moderate positive correlations ranging from 0.40 to 0.60. There were weak negative correlations between SSQT and PHQ-9, PHQ-15 and GAD-7, ranging from −0.20 to −0.34, which shows the external validity of the SSQT. ConclusionThe relationships between sub-dimensions of SSQT and PHQ-9, PHQ-15, GAD-7 are given in the results support using the SSQT scale as a research and clinical instrument for assessing women who had experienced GBV and have/have not received social support in Turkish culture.

The Dependence of Gales on Relevant Meteorological Elements in One of the Hottest Regions of China, the Turpan Basin

The Turpan Basin is one of the hottest regions in China, with high fire potential. The occurrence of gales could roll over trains as well as spread and expand the fire rapidly, posing adverse effects on traffic and fire protection. Therefore, it is important to discuss the frequency and mechanism of gales in Turpan. Based on the observational data of seven stations and ERA5 reanalysis data from 2015 to 2021, this study uses the t-mode principal component analysis using the oblique rotation (T-PCA) method to explore the seasonal differences and related synoptic patterns of gales in the Turpan Basin. The synoptic circulations are divided into nine categories. In types 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9, there are a high-pressure center to the west and a lower-pressure center to the south of Turpan, while in types 4, 6 and 8, there is a strong high-pressure center to the south or northeast of Turpan. When the high-pressure system is located to the west of Turpan, gales are prone to occur, while to the south or northeast, gales seem to be less likely to occur, which is closely related to synoptic patterns and terrain. To the best of our knowledge, this study pioneered the frequency and mechanism of gales in Turpan, which could facilitate gale prevention in the area.

"A Pain Deep in Your Soul (Being) that is Not Physical:" Assessing Spiritual Pain in Integrative Oncology Consultations.

Spiritual pain contributes to the suffering of cancer patients. However, it is unclear whether patients seen outside of palliative care report spiritual pain and its relationship with symptom burden. Characteristics of patients reporting spiritual pain were examined, as well as the association of spiritual pain with symptom burden and how spiritual pain affected the factor structure of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS). A retrospective chart review was conducted of integrative oncology patients who completed the PROMIS10 and a modified ESAS (ESAS-FS) including financial distress and spiritual pain (pain deep in your soul/being that is not physical). Multiple logistic regression was used to assess associations between demographics and spiritual pain. T-tests compared ESAS-FS symptoms and global health for patients endorsing spiritual pain (0 vs. ≥1). Principal component analyses (oblique rotation) were also used to determine ESAS-FS symptom clusters. The sample (N=1662) was mostly women (65%) and 39% endorsed spiritual pain at least ≥one. Men and older individuals were less likely to endorse spiritual pain (ps < 0.05). Presence of spiritual pain was associated with worse symptoms on the ESAS-FS and global health (ps < 0.001). The ESAS-FS had two symptom clusters, with the psychological factor including depression, anxiety, wellbeing, sleep, financial distress, and spiritual pain (Cronbach's alpha 0.78). Assessing spiritual pain and understanding the effects of its presence or absence in the context of other physical and psychosocial symptoms may provide additional opportunities for preventing exacerbation of symptoms, improving quality of life, and enhancing overall experience of care.

Machine learning for automated and real-time two-dimensional to three-dimensional registration of the spine using a single radiograph.

The goal of this work was to methodically evaluate, optimize, and validate a self-supervised machine learning algorithm capable of real-time automatic registration and fluoroscopic localization of the spine using a single radiograph or fluoroscopic frame. The authors propose a two-dimensional to three-dimensional (2D-3D) registration algorithm that maximizes an image similarity metric between radiographic images to identify the position of a C-arm relative to a 3D volume. This work utilizes digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs), which are synthetic radiographic images generated by simulating the x-ray projections as they would pass through a CT volume. To evaluate the algorithm, the authors used cone-beam CT data for 127 patients obtained from an open-source de-identified registry of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar scans. They systematically evaluated and tuned the algorithm, then quantified the convergence rate of the model by simulating C-arm registrations with 80 randomly simulated DRRs for each CT volume. The endpoints of this study were time to convergence, accuracy of convergence for each of the C-arm's degrees of freedom, and overall registration accuracy based on a voxel-by-voxel measurement. A total of 10,160 unique radiographic images were simulated from 127 CT scans. The algorithm successfully converged to the correct solution 82% of the time with an average of 1.96 seconds of computation. The radiographic images for which the algorithm converged to the solution demonstrated 99.9% registration accuracy despite utilizing only single-precision computation for speed. The algorithm was found to be optimized for convergence when the search space was limited to a ± 45° offset in the right anterior oblique/left anterior oblique, cranial/caudal, and receiver rotation angles with the radiographic isocenter contained within 8000 cm3 of the volumetric center of the CT volume. The investigated machine learning algorithm has the potential to aid surgeons in level localization, surgical planning, and intraoperative navigation through a completely automated 2D-3D registration process. Future work will focus on algorithmic optimizations to improve the convergence rate and speed profile.

POST EVENT-CARDIOVASCULAR RISK PERCEPTION SURVEY: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY IN CARDIAC PATIENTS POST HEART EVENT.

Background: Cardiac risk perception in patients who had a heart event is unknown. Purpose: Evaluate the validity and reliability of the Post Event-Cardiovascular Risk Perception Survey (PE-CRPS). Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a convenient sample of 251 patients who experienced a heart event. Descriptive and exploratory factor analyses was used to analyze the data. Results: Nine of ten items with an oblique (direct oblimin) rotation resulted in two factors extracted, which explained 54% of the variance. The two factors represented perception of medical history variable and a stress/family history variable. Cronbach's α reliability analyses indicated both factors were reliable; strongly related with a correlation of .69 and .81. Conclusion: Cardiovascular risk perception explained by two factors.

Validation and reliability of the Russian version of the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale

BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depressive disorders in women are among the most common in the perinatal period. Timely detection of anxiety symptoms specific to the perinatal period is important for providing the necessary comprehensive psychological and medical care to women. This study assesses the validity and reliability of the Russian version of the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS-R).METHODS: A step-by-step translation of the scale into Russian was carried out. The study involved 609 pregnant women who answered questions in the following scales: PASS, Beck Depression Inventory II, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Clinical Questionnaire for the Identification and Assessment of Neurotic Conditions. Content validity, factor analysis and internal consistency were assessed.RESULTS: The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin criterion was found to be 0.93, Bartlett’s Test was found to be significant at P<0.0001 (χ2=8184.421) and Cronbach’s α coefficient for the scale was 0.930. PASS-R also significantly correlated with other measures of depression and anxiety (P<0.001). Analyses revealed that the optimal cut-off of the PASS-R score for detecting anxiety was 26. Principal component analysis and oblique (oblimin) rotation, repeated with Varimax rotation, suggested a six-factor structure addressing the following conditions: 1) acute anxiety and trauma; 2) social anxiety; 3) perfectionism and control; 4) excessive worry and specific fears; 5) adjustment (dissociation); and 6) generalized anxiety.CONCLUSIONS: The Russian version of PASS showed reasonably adequate validity and reliability and can be used to screen for anxiety disorder among women in the perinatal period.

Four fundamental dimensions underlie the perception of human actions

We evaluate the actions of other individuals based upon a variety of movements that reveal critical information to guide decision making and behavioural responses. These signals convey a range of information about the actor, including their goals, intentions and internal mental states. Although progress has been made to identify cortical regions involved in action processing, the organising principles underlying our representation of actions still remains unclear. In this paper we investigated the conceptual space that underlies action perception by assessing which qualities are fundamental to the perception of human actions. We recorded 240 different actions using motion-capture and used these data to animate a volumetric avatar that performed the different actions. 230 participants then viewed these actions and rated the extent to which each action demonstrated 23 different action characteristics (e.g., avoiding-approaching, pulling-pushing, weak-powerful). We analysed these data using Exploratory Factor Analysis to examine the latent factors underlying visual action perception. The best fitting model was a four-dimensional model with oblique rotation. We named the factors: friendly-unfriendly, formidable-feeble, planned-unplanned, and abduction-adduction. The first two factors of friendliness and formidableness explained approximately 22% of the variance each, compared to planned and abduction, which explained approximately 7–8% of the variance each; as such we interpret this representation of action space as having 2 + 2 dimensions. A closer examination of the first two factors suggests a similarity to the principal factors underlying our evaluation of facial traits and emotions, whilst the last two factors of planning and abduction appear unique to actions.

Exploratory validation of relationship functioning and non-pregnant partner behavior scales in pregnant people living with HIV in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

ABSTRACT Partner engagement in antenatal care can improve care for pregnant people living with HIV. However, concerns about engaging unsupportive non-pregnant partners warrant further study to avoid engaging partners who pressure their pregnant partner to refuse testing or treatment and/or perpetuate intimate partner violence. We adapted established relationship functioning and partner behaviour questionnaires among pregnant people living with HIV initiating antenatal care in rural South Africa. We identified 13 previously validated psychometric scales with 255 items that assess relationship functioning and partner behaviour, but, to our knowledge, had not been used in Southern Africa. After item translation and cognitive interviewing with 30 pregnant people, we recruited an additional 208 pregnant people living with HIV receiving antenatal care. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis with maximum-likelihood extraction and oblique promax rotation with the 58 items and 10 scales that remained after translation and cognitive interviewing. We used parallel analysis, scree plots, and the Kaiser criterion to guide factor retention and assessed internal factor consistency via Cronbach’s alpha. Of the 208 participants recruited, 197 (95%) answered each question and were included in the analysis. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 7 factors that assessed partner social support, sexual relationship power, emotional intimacy, threatened or enacted violence, sexual intimacy, violence in relationships, and partner engagement in pregnancy care via 37 items. Factor absolute Spearman correlations ranged from 0.012 to 0.518 and Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.84 to 0.92. This preliminary analysis will guide further scale development. Future developments will also include relevant clinical outcomes to assess the predictive validity of the resulting measures. These steps will further refine these questions into a succinct screening tool to assess relationship functioning and partner behaviour. This screening tool may eventually guide the selection of partner-based interventions during pregnancy to improve outcomes for pregnant people and their partners.

Developing and Validating an Instrument to Measure Students’ Experiences in a Further Mathematics Classroom

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for measuring students’ perception of teaching and learning variables in a Further Mathematics classroom with high psychometric properties of internal-consistency reliability and construct validity. A survey research design was used involving 318 students randomly selected from senior high schools. Enhancing Teaching and Learning Questionnaire (ETLQ) was used to solicit students’ responses on the issues they experienced during lessons for Further Mathematics. Principal component factor analysis with Promax as an oblique rotation and using a factor loading of 0.40 as a cut-off was further conducted on the data to record a more accurate representation of the relationship among the factors to establish the construct validity and the internal reliability of the instrument. The 26 items resulted in a four-factor solution produced based on the parallel analysis. The four factors together accounted for a total of 54.543% of the variance. The Cronbach’s alpha of the reduced 26 items is equal to 0.806. The subscales had acceptable internal consistency, as Cronbach’s alpha ranges from 0.696-0.893. The study reliability coefficient is high. The instrument will be useful for mathematics educators and researchers in Ghana and the world at large for measuring students’ perceptions of teaching and learning variables in a classroom. And the study recommends this instrument for use to measure the experiences of senior high school students in the classrooms. Keywords – Validation, Learning experiences, Teaching, Further Mathematics, Senior High School

SCALE DEVELOPMENT STUDY: STUDENTS' SCHOOL SATISFACTION SCALE

The aim of this study is to develop a scale to determine the satisfaction levels of high school students towards school. The draft scale was piloted to 650 high school students studying in five central districts of Antalya in the 2020-2021 academic year. Afterwards, real application was made to 614 students. Rotated principal component analysis was used to obtain information about the validity of the scale over the obtained data. In order to determine the construct validity of the scale, principal component analysis and factor analyzes were performed and Promax oblique rotation was performed. In addition, Cronbach's α reliability was calculated to provide evidence for the reliability of the scale and was found to be .94. As a result of these analyzes, the Students' School Satisfaction Scale (SSSS) consisting of 6 factors and 43 items explaining 60% of the total variance was obtained. Item test correlations were calculated as evidence of item validity. Item test correlations were found to vary between .446 and .743. The results obtained prove that the scale is valid and reliable.

Fluoroscopic Landmark to Optimize the View of the Foramen Ovale Using the Neighboring Structure

Radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) via trans-oval approach is effective treatment modalities for trigeminal neuralgia. Clear identification of the foramen ovale (FO) is the most important initial step for successful percutaneous procedures. The purpose of this study was to verify whether the medial end of the temporomandibular joint and the distance between the mandibular angle and the occipital inner line can be used as a fluoroscopic landmark to determine the proper angulation of the C-arm. Analysis of previously saved fluoroscopic FO images during RFT was performed. As a fluoroscopic landmark to guide a proper lateral and axial oblique rotation of the C-arm, the position of the medial end of the temporomandibular joint and the vertical distance between the mandibular angle and the occipital inner line were evaluated. When the FO was located at the most central point within the H-figure, the medial end of TMJ was always located within the mandibular notch. The maximum view of the FO was defined when the FO showed maximal short axis to long axis ratio. The FO showed the best view when the vertical distance between the mandibular angle and occipital inner line was 20.04 (5.1) mm. This study demonstrated that the medial end of the temporomandibular joint and the vertical distance between the mandibular angle and occipital inner line as a fluoroscopic landmark for obtaining the optimal view of the FO.

Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ): Validation of the Italian Translation.

The aim of this study is to develop an Italian translation of the 100-item Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ) version and to validate its psychometric properties, in order to facilitate systematic, large-scale studies on dog behavior for Italian-speaking dog owners. A total number of 803 responses by dog owners were collected online. Using the Principal Axis Method and Common Factor Analysis with Quartimin oblique rotation (p < 0.05), a factorial structure was found including 13 factors composed of 62 items and explaining 53.5% of the total variance. Eight factors showed high reliability (Cronbach's alpha > 0.70), namely: stranger-directed aggression/fear, dog-directed fear, owner-directed aggression, separation-related behavior, chasing, dog-directed aggression, attachment/attention seeking, and elimination problems. Three factors were slightly under the threshold and two had only modest reliability (non-social fear, energy level, touch sensitivity, excitability and trainability). A potential explanation for factors with low reliability is that the composing items do not describe behaviors resulting from homogeneous stimuli or situations. Although our factorial structure resembled in most respects that of the most recently published Canadian version, some important exceptions are present regarding dog rivalry, intraspecific aggression, fear/aggression towards strangers, touch sensitivity and chewing inappropriate objects. Such differences may be due to demographic and/or cultural differences between the sampled populations. Overall, the results suggest that a 62-item Italian C-BARQ can be reliably used in studies on dog behavior.

Measuring an understudied factor in medical education – development and validation of the medical curiosity scale

ABSTRACT Curiosity, which has been called the third pillar of academic achievement and positively predicts academic performance (von Stumm et al., 2011), is widely recognized as an important factor in acquiring knowledge and skills in medical training, and may be critical for students´ sound mental health. Medical educators have advocated that curiosity should play a more significant role in medical training and have criticized didactic barriers impeding student curiosity. However, in medical training, curiosity is understudied partly due to a lack of methods for measuring curiosity. Therefore, this study was designed to develop and validate a scale to measure medical curiosity. After reviewing the literature and interviewing a panel of experts (n = 7), 25 preliminary items assessing medical curiosity were developed and administered to n = 305 medical students (n = 163 female and n = 142 male) at Heidelberg University across all medical school years. Following exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with oblique (promax) rotation, we measured medical curiosity in a medical student sample. We have identified two distinct factors: intellectual medical curiosity (IMC) and social medical curiosity (SMC). IMC describes the desire to acquire medical knowledge for curiosity’s sake, while SMC refers to curiosity about human nature and, in particular, patient health. Both factors showed good psychometric properties, with eigenvalues of 6.7 and 3.5, explaining 26.6% and 14.0% of the variance and internal consistencies of 0.796 and 0.866, respectively, and high convergent and discriminant validity. While first-year students showed significantly higher IMC scores than final-year medical students, SMC scores remained stable and tended to increase throughout medical school. This study has succeeded in developing the first scale to measure aspects of medical curiosity and, thus, lays the groundwork for future studies examining medical students’ curiosity. A deeper understanding of medical students’ curiosity can help to foster this curiosity effectively.

Rotation to Sparse Loadings Using L^p Losses and Related Inference Problems

Researchers have widely used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to learn the latent structure underlying multivariate data. Rotation and regularised estimation are two classes of methods in EFA that they often use to find interpretable loading matrices. In this paper, we propose a new family of oblique rotations based on component-wise L^p loss functions (0 < ple 1) that is closely related to an L^p regularised estimator. We develop model selection and post-selection inference procedures based on the proposed rotation method. When the true loading matrix is sparse, the proposed method tends to outperform traditional rotation and regularised estimation methods in terms of statistical accuracy and computational cost. Since the proposed loss functions are nonsmooth, we develop an iteratively reweighted gradient projection algorithm for solving the optimisation problem. We also develop theoretical results that establish the statistical consistency of the estimation, model selection, and post-selection inference. We evaluate the proposed method and compare it with regularised estimation and traditional rotation methods via simulation studies. We further illustrate it using an application to the Big Five personality assessment.

Validation of the EPACODI-1 Scale: University Students' Perceptions of Inclusive Education.

In the last fifteen years, changes have been taking place in education systems at the international and national levels that aim to achieve, in the near future, the objectives set by the UN International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (hereafter CRPD). Spain is no stranger to these objectives, as recognized in the new Organic Law for the Modification of the Law on the Organization of Education. This situation makes it necessary to know the perceptions that professionals in training (about to graduate) from faculties of education have about the legal content established by articles 4.1.i and 24 of the CRPD on inclusive education. In order to ascertain these perceptions, the EPACO-DI-1 instrument was used in a quantitative and confirmatory study by means of a multivariate factor analysis (CFA), applying the parallel estimation method of ordinary least squares (OLS) and principal axes with polychoric correlation and promax oblique rotation. This study involved 552 fourth-year students between the ages of 21 and over 45 from the specializations offered by the Faculty of Education of the University of Murcia. The obtained results are consistent and show the validity of the EPACODI-1 scale for determining the perceptions of professionals in training on inclusive education.

Approach to Applying Sufficiency Economy Philosophy in Community Enterprise Management towards Sustainability

Sustainability is essential for every business and organization, but how can it be achieved? This work is a study of sustainability based on the sufficiency economy philosophy, a valuable concept introduced by the Thai people. We apply it to the notion of sustainability in 400 agricultural community enterprise owners in Thailand, who participated in this study. An oblique rotation component analysis was performed, finding that the variables on the same side are related, and a confirmative component analysis with structural equation models was conducted. The results showed that the approach to applying the sufficiency economy philosophy among community enterprises consists of 11 components, as follows: (1) financial control, (2) planning, (3) member management, (4) morals, (5) prevention plan, (6) moderation, (7) knowledge and expertise, (8) market development, (9) care, (10) quality control and (11) value of investment. The confirmative component analysis with structural equation modeling was consistent with the empirical data. Agricultural community enterprises and entrepreneurs focus on the moral component, conduct business with honesty to avoid causing problems for others, value justice without taking advantage with diligence and adhere to moral principles in life, because all of the above will lead to sustainability in the future.

In defense of unresolved attachment: re-modelling intergenerational transmission of attachment

ABSTRACT Intergenerational transmission of attachment is one of the core hypotheses of attachment theory. How parents or other caregivers look back on their childhood attachment experiences is suggested to shape their infants’ attachments. In the current paper, we show that a new twist to correspondence analysis (Canonical Correlation Analysis [CCA]) of cross-tabulated attachment classifications with oblique rotation Correspondence Analysis (CA) may uncover the latent structure of intergenerational transmission showing the unique role of parental Unresolved representations in predicting infant Disorganized attachments. Our model of intergenerational transmission of attachment supports predicted associations between parental and infant attachments. Despite growing skepticism about the validity of parental Unresolved trauma and infant Disorganized attachment, we come to an evidence-based statistical defense of these generative clinical components of attachment theory awaiting a substantive experimentum crucis.

Construct validity of advanced practice nurse core competence scale: an exploratory factor analysis

BackgroundDetermining the core competence of advanced practice nurses is foundational for promoting optimal design and implementation of advanced practice nursing roles. Core competencies specific to the contexts of the advanced practice nurse in Hong Kong have been developed, but not yet validated. Thus, this study aims to assess the construct validity of advanced practice nurse core competence scale in Hong Kong.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study using an online self-report survey. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of a 54-item advanced practice nurse core competence scale through principal axis factoring with direct oblique oblimin rotation. A parallel analysis was conducted to determine the number of factors to be extracted. The Cronbach’s α was computed to evaluate the internal consistency of the confirmed scale. The STROBE checklist was used as reporting guideline.ResultsA total of 192 advanced practice nurse responses were obtained. Exploratory factor analysis led to the final 51-item scale with a three-factor structure, which accounted for 69.27% of the total variance. The factor loadings of all items ranged from 0.412 to 0.917. The Cronbach’s alpha of the total scale and three factors ranged from 0.945 to 0.980, indicating robust internal consistency.ConclusionThis study identified a three-factor structure of the advanced practice nurse core competency scale: client-related competencies, advanced leadership competencies, and professional development and system-related competencies. Future studies are recommended to validate the core competence content and construct in different contexts. Moreover, the validated scale could provide a cornerstone framework for advanced practice nursing roles development, education, and practice, and inform future competency research nationally and internationally.

Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Romantic Relationship Stress Scale

Stress is inherent to romantic relationships. Current relationship scales measure individual stress, relationship conflict, and relationship happiness. However, no known empirically supported scale exists that comprehensively measures romantic relationship stress. We reviewed the extant theory, empirical findings, and measures within the broad category of relationship stress. Using this information, we created the Romantic Relationship Stress Scale (RRSS)—a three-part, 29-item measure. We administered the measure to married individuals ( N = 296) in either a proximal or long-distance relationship, in the context of a larger study. An exploratory factor analysis was performed on RRSS responses, using principal axis factoring with an oblique rotation. A three-factor solution was derived, representing the factors of relational negativity, stressful relationship events, and relational positivity. These factors explained 67.7% of the variance in RRSS responses, and were correlated in the expected directions. The overall scale alpha was 0.93, and subscale alphas ranged from 0.65–0.91. The RRSS demonstrated convergent validity; scores were positively correlated to scores on a widely used measure of individual stress. The RRSS discriminated between those in proximal versus long-distance relationships. Overall, the RRSS appears to be psychometrically sound, and can be considered for use in both research and clinical settings.