Obligatory Use Research Articles

1615P The association of social distancing and obligatory face masks during COVID-19 era with the rates of febrile neutropenia in patients with solid tumors receiving antineoplastic therapy

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a major complication of anti-neoplastic therapy, with significant morbidity and mortality. While granulocytes colony stimulating factors (G-CSF) and hand sanitation are proven preventive measurements, facial mask is not routinely recommended. COVID-19 pandemic led to obligatory social distancing and use of masks in public places. We aimed to assess whether these preventive measurements were associated with reduced rate of FN in patients receiving chemotherapy.

Symbols of the Judiciary in the Modern Court

Formulation of the Problem. The symbols of the judiciary are very important for creating the necessary environment for the administration of justice, the formation of a respectful attitude towards the court, and the maintenance of the authority of justice. However, in Russian legal science and practice there is no unity in the terminology and list used to designate them. In addition, the modern court administers justice in an online format, which also requires the development of certain approaches to the use of symbols of the judiciary. Purpose of the Work: to explore the use of symbols of judicial power in a modern court, including when holding a court session in an online format. Methods. When conducting the study, dialectical, logical, formal-legal and a number of other methods of cognition were used, while observing a generally systematic approach. Brief Conclusions. The article analyzes the issues of designation and use of symbols that personify justice in Russian legal science and practice, including during a court session in an online format. Approaches to there presentation of the court, including symbolically, within the framework of a virtual courtroom, existing abroad, are studied. The conclusion is made about the admissibility of using various terms to designate the symbols of the judiciary, but on condition that they are clearly distinguished from related concepts. The expediency of streamlining the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of regulating the symbols of the judicial power of justices of the peace is revealed. The symbols of the judiciary, the obligatory use of which in the administration of justice is provided for by law, are especially characterized: the State Flag of the Russian Federation, the State Emblem of the Russian Federation, the mantle of a judge, the distinctive sign of the position of a justice of the peace. The importance of their use in accordance with the established rules and in the virtual courtroom to create an environment as close as possible to the offline courtroom was stated.

The Impact and Sustainability of Hand-hygiene Practices on Health Facilities in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Case Study of Busia County (Kenya)

International Journal of Medicine and Public Health,2022,12,3,116-130.DOI:10.5530/ijmedph.2022.3.23Published:August 2022Type:Original ArticleThe Impact and Sustainability of Hand-hygiene Practices on Health Facilities in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Case Study of Busia County (Kenya)William Okedi, Caroline Wakoli, and Irene Emojong William Okedi1,*, Caroline Wakoli2, Irene Emojong3 1Department of Public Health, Nutrition and Behavioral Sciences, Alupe University College, KENYA. 2Department of Counselling Psychology, Alupe University College, KENYA. 3Department of Health and Sanitation, County Government of Busia, KENYA. Abstract:Introduction: Health care associated infections including COVID-19 are drawing attention from patients, insurers and Governments worldwide because of the magnitude of the problem i.e. morbidity, mortality and treatment, although these are preventable. Literature review shows there is very little published information on hand washing practices of health care workers in Kenya. This study provides important inputs for planning, policy making and informs future research areas and methods. Methods: A cross sectional study design was conducted in Matayos, Teso South and Teso North sub-counties of Busia County. The study covered 33 consenting health workers in 7 health facilities. An interview guide and observation checklist were used to collect data and to ascertain availability of hygiene and sanitation facilities. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: That there was no policy on hand hygiene in 6 (86%) health facilities; awareness about hand hygiene was high; knowledge on critical moments for hand hygiene was unsatisfactory but nurses scored better. Only 44% respondents knew effectiveness of alcohol-based sanitizer; on disposal of waste, maternity wards ranked highest 6(87.7%) complying. Laxity in enforcing obligatory use of hand hygiene was high only 2(28.6 %.) of facilities complying. Respondents attributed reduction in diarrheal infections and improvements in sanitation during covid-19 pandemic to rigorous hand hygiene practices. Found that hand hygiene compliance by health care workers can reduce infections in health facilities. That lack of piped water, erratic supply of soap, sanitizers and dependency on external partners were perceived to be important barriers for the sustainability of hand washing practices. Conclusion: The hand hygiene initiative has occupied a new and important place in the minds of health workers, policy makers and communities due to its contribution in the prevention and control of one of the most serious diseases of the 21st century. The initiative has presented a compelling case for investment in preventive and promotive health and demonstrated the power of the old adage “prevention is better than cure”. Purposeful partnerships and collaborations are powerful tools to achieve common goals. The study also exposed various systemic weaknesses within the public health sector and the political leadership that needs to be addressed to ensure sustainability of hand hygiene. Keywords:compliance, COVID-19, Prevention, Sustainability, World Health OrganizationView:PDF (184.41 KB)

АКТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ УКЛАДАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ ДОГОВОРІВ МІЖ СУБ’ЄКТАМИ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА

The article presents the results of the development of legislation governing the concept, form and procedure for concluding electronic contracts between business entities (B2B). The considered methods of concluding contracts on the Internet have already become widespread, although in the legal sense they remain poorly understood and insufficiently regulated. Therefore, it is now very important to lay the legal framework for the regulation of contractual relations on the Internet, because with the advent of new online services, there are new ways of concluding contracts. It is proposed to recognize the electronic form of contracts as a new form of contracts, other than simple written. The role of electronic digital signature in concluding electronic contracts has been established, the legislation regulating the use of electronic digital signature has been studied. It is proposed to improve the legislation of Ukraine, namely: allocation of the electronic form of the transaction in a separate, with its further division into electronic contracts concluded via the Internet using any available technical means (filling out the form in the browser / e-mail correspondence / use of managers or mobile applications) and concluded via the Internet with the obligatory use of electronic signatures.

Standardized Rehabilitation or Individual Approach?-A Retrospective Analysis of Early Rehabilitation Protocols after Isolated Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

(1) Background: Isolated posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears represent a severe type of injury. In hospitals, PCL reconstruction (PCL-R) is less frequently performed than other types of knee surgery. It is unclear whether there is consensus among surgeons on how to perform rehabilitation after PCL-R or if there are different, more individual approaches in daily routines. (2) Methods: Rehabilitation protocols and their main criteria (the progression of weight bearing and range of motion, the use of knee braces, rehabilitation training, and sports-specific training) were retrospectively analyzed after PCL-R. (3) Results: Only 33 of 120 (27.5%) analyzed institutes use rehabilitation protocols after PCL-R. The applied protocols showed vast differences between the individual rehabilitation criteria, especially with regard to the progression of weight bearing and the range of motion. The only standardized recommendations were the obligatory use of knee braces and the general restriction of weight bearing and range of motion immediately post-surgery. Therefore, because of the lack of a consensus about a standardized rehabilitation protocol after PCL-R, no recommendation can be made on one particular protocol. (4) Conclusion: There is no acknowledged standardized rehabilitation protocol after PCL-R. In clinical practice, recommendations are influenced by, i.a., surgeons’ opinions and experience. The lack of scientific evidence on a particular standardized rehabilitation protocol after PCL-R suggests that rehabilitation protocols need to be tailored to the individual patient.

90. Sustainable and Efficacious Sterilization and Decellularization of Xenograft Cartilage Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Purpose: Current decellularization techniques have important limitations, including obligatory use of harsh ionized substances or detergents that compromise the physical integrity of the resulting extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold and, consequently, its biological performance. Furthermore, the detergents used are increasingly recognized to be harmful to the environment and may soon restricted from commercial use. Supercritical CO2 (scCO2) is an appealing alternative, applying the principles behind supercritical fluid extraction and sterilization to the removal of cellular components. In this work, we evaluate the efficacy of scCO2 in both sterilization and decellularization of cartilage xenograft in order to develop a highly efficacious, environmentally conscious, and biocompatible alternative to currently available technologies. Methods:Xenograft preparation: Racks of lamb were purchased from a local butcher. Floating ribs were minced into ∼8 mm3 cubes or zested into flakes (1 mm × 1 mm). Samples were subjected to: 1) sterilization; 2) sterilization and decellularization; or 3) sterilization, decellularization, and a pretreatment wash. Sterilization: Samples were placed in a NovaSterilis™ Nova2200 unit and subject to standard NovaSterilis™ sterilization parameters, including temperature (35 °C), NovaKill solution (16 mL), scCO2 dwell time (90 min.), and pressure (>1,200 psi). All samples were plated to allow for enumeration of bioburden reduction. At least 3 samples with biologic indicators were placed within the packaging and processed with each run. Decellularization: Samples were subject to the standard parameters of the Nova2200 system as previously described by NovaSterilis™ with an ethanol to scCO2 volume ratio of 1:3.3. Wash: Samples were serially soaked in saline and agitated with exposure to 16 mL 3% H2O2 and a 30-minute scCO2 run at 35 °C and 1,436 psi. Histology: After treatment, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), DAPI, and safranin-O staining were performed. DNA Quantification: DNA content was quantified in raw and decellularized graft samples using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit (Qiagen Inc.) with a DNA content <50 ng DNA/mg tissue considered decellularized as per the literature standard. Results: No microbial growth was detected after 14 days incubation. H&E staining revealed preservation of tissue architecture after both sterilization and decellularization. DAPI staining demonstrated depletion of nuclei in the decellularized zested samples, but persistence of visible nuclei in the minced samples. Safranin-O staining revealed GAG depletion after decellularization. DNA content in raw minced and zested samples was 192.2 ng DNA/mg tissue and 321.6 ng DNA/mg tissue, respectively, while DNA content in sterilized and decellularized minced and zested samples were 24.8 ng DNA/mg tissue and 11.6 ng DNA/mg tissue, respectively (industry standard requirement for decellularization <50 ng DNA/mg tissue); after sterilization, decellularization, and the chemical wash, minced and zested samples contained 17.6 ng DNA/mg tissue and 4 ng DNA/mg tissue respectively. Conclusions: These preliminary data suggest that scCO2 sufficiently sterilizes and decellularizes ovine xenograft, thereby supporting scCO2 as an efficacious, commercially appealing, and ecologically responsible alternative to current decellularization strategies.

Etiopatogenetic feature of recurrent underlying cervical disease

For patients with the recurrent underlying cervical disease a disbalance is marked from the side of cellular and humoral immunity, and also decompensated change of the functional state of phagocutosis and cytokine status. To our opinion it contingently negative influence of chronic urogenital infection, by the confirmed high-frequency of semination of sexual ways pathogenic and de bene esse pathogenic a microflora. The got results are a ground for the leadthrough of specific preparation with the obligatory use of immunocorrection and sanitation of sexual ways.

Neuralink - przymus czy możliwość? Stosunek państwa do „ulepszeń” na przykładzie implantów neuronowych

The development of technology such as neural chips prompts reflection on the state’s attitude to such and similar improvements, taking into account the legal possibilities of influencing citizens. The basis for considerations is the taxonomy of G.Cohen’s improvements and the standards of limiting rights and freedoms expressed in the ECtHR and the Polish Constitution. The aim of the article is to answer the following research question: do constitutional norms allow for the obligatory use of neural chips by citizens? The analysis was carried out both for the general public and selected social groups.The effect of the analysis has an impact on the future perception of the relationship between the state and the individual in connection with social changes resulting from the development of technology. The key to the presented and future considerations related to the place of improvement in the legal system is its impact on positional or absolute goods.

The eEgg: Evaluation of a New Device to Measure Pain.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether pain stimuli can be measured validly and reliably by the eEgg (electronic Egg), a new device to measure pain intensity, in comparison to the hand dynamometer. Methods: This study consists of screening and diagnostic tests conforming to the standard criterion of handgrip strength measurement. Fifty healthy participants (25 women, 25 men; age, 39.1 ± 13.7 years) participated in this study. The approach of intermodal comparison was used to transfer different degrees of pain sensations into measurable handgrip strength values. This included an intensity comparison of 10-100% of the subjective maximum handgrip strength and an application of thermal stimuli of 34-48°C. The eEgg was compared to the numeric rating scale (NRS) as a categorization method regarding the subjective assessment of pain. An online questionnaire was distributed to test the evaluation of the product’s features. Results: Regarding the experiment’s validity, the handgrip strength values showed significant (p < 0.05) positive correlations between the eEgg and the hand dynamometer (intensities: r=0.328 to r=0.550; thermal stimuli: r=0.353 to r=0.614). The reliability results showed good to very good correlations (p < 0.05) in the calculated ICC (intraclass correlation coefficient) values between the individual measurement devices: eEgg intensities: ICC=0.621 to 0.851; thermal stimuli: ICC=0.487 to 0.776 and hand dynamometer intensities: ICC= 0.789 to 0.974; thermal stimuli: ICC=0.716 to 0.910. Conclusion: The new eEgg device shows strong correlations with the hand dynamometer. The central limitation focuses on the obligatory use of an arbitrary unit (AU) for the eEgg. The results of the study indicate that this device can be used in medical and therapeutic practice in the future.

Uses of Periphrastic Do in English

This study aims at clarifying the definitions, structures ,conditions and uses of Periphrastic Do (PD) in English. PD is an auxiliary , it is an alternative device for using inflection process. It is semantically not intrinsic but syntactically obligatory. It is used to satisfy the needs of the sentence structures.&#x0D; It can be used in verbal negation, negative preposed constituents, inverted questions, anphoric PD and tag questions.&#x0D; In these structures , only the use of PD is correct and necessary . It is a syntactic device that performs a special function. During the years, PD underwent a change and development from zero to obligatory use in specific contexts.

Production of biologically and toxicologically safe semi-solid and wet anatomic preparations

One of the main goals of applied morphology is to make the teaching of normal anatomy visual. Natural preparations of organs and body parts of an animal should be demonstrative enough and retain their shape and appearance for a long time. Compared to others, the method that we have developed for the manufacture of anatomical preparations has significant advantages, and in such a quality that makes it possible to study the object not only visually, but also manually. At the same time, soft anatomical preparations made in this way are biologically and toxicically safe. Preservation of organs and tissues of animal corpses is a necessary part of the work of anatomists and pathologists with the obligatory use of these preparations in the educational process, including for independent work of students. The method that we have optimized for the manufacture of wet pathological specimens, which have high visibility, close to the natural color and shape of eviscerated organs and tissues, while being stored longer.

CLINICAL-NEURO-PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME IN A PATIENT WITH LEFT HEMYPLEGIA AFTER INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGIC STROKE

Myofascial pain syndrome (MFPS) is one of the most common comorbid pathological processes that develops in skeletal muscle in patients with stroke, which is manifested by local seals and pain in various parts of the muscle. Despite the fact that the interest in MFPS arose in the last century, the intimate mechanisms of its development and course remain to be fully explored. It was found that the main manifestations of MFPS were the presence of miofascial trigger point in the area of palpation of the corresponding muscle with local pain and hypersensitivity within the palpated cord-segmentes, the characteristic pattern of reflected pain and reflected autonomic phenomenon, local convulsive response during transverse palpation. It is accompanied by muscle fatigue and significant muscle weakness without severe atrophy. Attention is drawn to the clear recurrence-reproducibility of pain, ie the so-called "recognizable" pain. All of the above symptoms constitute a general pattern of the disease, which has diagnostic value and is proposed for use as prognostic parameters with the obligatory use of the results of electromyographic examination. Diagnosis of active and latent MTP was performed on the basis of generally accepted l signs. The greatest discomfort for the patient is the presence of active MTP with characteristic spontaneously reproducing pain. Latent MTP is detected in up to 90% of cases among healthy people, and adverse factors only contribute to their transition to an active state with a characteristic symptom complex. The presence of an active myofascial trigger point with a characteristic spontaneously reproducing pain is the most painful manifestation. Latent MTP is also detected in most cases among healthy people, and unfavorable factors only contribute to their transition to an active state with a characteristic symptom complex. The study of the number of turns of the adhesive part of the potential in the zone of active ICC showed that there is a concentration of fibers in the zone of one motor units (MU). The average value of this indicator increases in the early stages of the process by 2 times. Even a small degree of desynchronization of the potentials of individual MU causes an increase in the number of rounds, which reflects the number of fibers involved in the generation of MC PMU.&#x0D; Absence of spontaneous muscle fibers (MF) activity, registration of end plate (EP) activity, PMU parameters such as amplitude decrease, shift of neurohistogram of potential distribution by duration towards smaller values or high percentage of polyphasicity, due to increase in number of turns, and also change their adhesive part, increase of MF density in zone MTP - they all determine changes in structural and functional parameters by muscle type. The work is devoted to the clinical, neuro-physiological characteristics of a patient with MFPS on the background of intracerebral hemorrhage and left hemyplegia based on the analysis of the neuro-functional organization of the motor units of the back muscles. Substantiated genesis and possible mechanism of development and formation of myofascial trigger point in such patients.

Personal safety of passengers during the first phase Covid-19 pandemic in the opinion of public transport drivers in Krakow

The Covid-19 pandemic impact all public spheres of city inhabitants' lives, also changed the conditions of travel-ing by public transport, especially in the field of personal passenger safety. The introduced limits on people in public transport vehicles and the need to maintain social distancing or cover the mouth and nose in a public transport vehicle - for various reasons - have been met with different understanding by users. The question then arose: are passengers actually complying with the rules of the pandemic when traveling by tram or bus? The paper attempts to assess the behavior of passengers, based on the opinions of people who observe these behav-iors in their daily work, driving public transport vehicles. For this purpose, a survey was carried out among bus and tram drivers of the main public transport operator in Krakow. On the basis of 334 fulfilled questionnaires, it was found that - according to the drivers - passengers often quite freely approach the limits of people in vehicles, and often do not respect the social distancing, especially when alighting and boarding. However, what is opti-mistic, the drivers highly assessed their own safety when performing their official duties - which is extremely important in the context of ensuring the continuity of public transport during a pandemic. Only 10% of drivers considered that the current solutions to protect passengers (and drivers themselves) are sufficient, therefore they called for an increase in the scope of protective measures: an increase in the number of public transport courses (to keep existing passengers), the obligatory use of protective masks (instead of ineffective loosely obligation to cover the face and nose), or the introduction of closed driver cabins in buses (as in trams). The obtained re-search results are of a cognitive nature, they can be a supplement to the travel studies at this specific time. They can also provide support in taking action in the case of a return of the Covid-19 pandemic or similar incidents in the future.

Means of ensuring the understandability of criminal legal norms under the authentic national legislation of the X-XVIII centuries

In the article the normative acts that contained criminal law norms and operated on the territory of modern Ukraine were analyzed, which made it possible to trace the development of legal techniques and identify the directions used by the compilers for a clear statement of criminal law norms. It is established that at the first stages of formation of legal technique commitment for intelligibility was reflected only in the proximity of the language of acts (primarily vocabulary) to the living vernacular. It was gradually realized that not only the improvement of terminology, but also the specifics of syntax, standardization of individual articles of criminal law, clear structure and sequence of material both within articles and in general are necessary for intelligibility of the criminal law.&#x0D; An analysis of the texts of Russkaya Pravda (various editions), three Lithuanian Statutes, "Rights under which the Little Russian people are tried" showed that during the existence and validity of these acts there was a process of forming an authentic national tradition of lawmaking, legal technique of criminal law was improving. These acts, compared to the then European ones which were difficult to perceive and understand, were easily applied and generally understandable to a wide range of subjects of criminal law. For this purpose, linguistic and stylistic means were used and subsequently improved: in the conditions of diglossia the language of normative acts was brought closer to the vernacular with the obligatory use of clear, according to their origin, legal tokens; an attempt to describe accurately the action through a casuistic statement and at the same time an awareness of the need for an abstract statement (so far only by supplementing the lists with generalizing words); uniformity of construction of criminal law prohibitions; more logical systematization of normative material, structuring both acts as a whole and certain criminal law provisions. At the same time the desire for accuracy and clarity gradually leveled such a requirement as conciseness.

Isolation, identification and characterization of Capripox virus among clinically infected cases of small ruminants in different Egyptian governorates

Sheep pox virus (SPV) is a member of the genus Capripoxvirus, of family Poxviridae, which affect sheep and goats causes significant economic losses. The present study was applied for isolation and identification of Sheep pox virus from clinically affected sheep during 2017 to 2019 in five Egyptian governorates, El Wadi Al-Gadid, Marsa -Matrouh, Giza, Kafr El-Sheikh and Menufya. Despite the obligatory use of sheep pox vaccine for vaccination of sheep and goats in Egypt, but some factors hinder the mass vaccination for all sheep and goats’ population like the grazing nutritional behaviour, poor management, scare feeding and inadequate veterinary services. The virus was isolated from skin lesions and lymph nodes on chorio allantoic membrane of Embryonated Chicken Eggs (ECE), with typical pock lesions, followed by identification on lamb testis culture (LT) showing the characteristic cytopathic effect. Similarly, the convential PCR depending on P32 gene, and by multiplex PCR give the same results proving that the isolated virus is SPV.

Lichen sclerosus as a variant of limited scleroderma with damage to the anogenital region

Lichen sclerosus is one of the clinical variants of limited scleroderma, a feature of which is the defeat of the anogenital zone. The issues of the etiology and pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus remain not fully understood, despite numerous studies in which the polygenic nature of inheritance and multifactoriality in the implementation of dermatosis are noted.&#x0D; With the progression of the scleroatrophic process and the absence of timely pathogenetic therapy, there is a high probability of the development of comorbid pathology with a whole range of symptoms, such as urinary (dysuria, recurrent urinary tract infections - cystitis, urethritis, cystourethritis), gastrointestinal (pain during defecation, chronic constipation), vaginal severe dryness and increased sensitivity of the vaginal mucosa, burning, itching).&#x0D; Treatment of patients with lichen sclerosus with lesions of the anogenital zone causes great difficulties. In cases of isolated localization of scleroatrophic lesions of anogenital localization, difficulties may arise in the differential diagnosis with diseases of similar localization, such as vitiligo, atrophic lichen planus, basal cell carcinoma, contact dermatitis, nonspecific balanoposthitis, Keir's erythroplasia. Treatment of limited scleroderma, the clinical variant of which is lichen sclerosus, should be multi-course and complex, with the obligatory use of penicillin antibiotics, hyaluronidase-based drugs, drugs that improve microcirculation, vitamins, immunoregulators and physiotherapeutic methods.&#x0D; Thus, early diagnosis and timely pathogenetic therapy contribute to the prevention of the risks of developing genitourinary syndrome, progression of tissue sclerosis, and psychoemotional disorders.&#x0D; This article presents a clinical case of diagnosis and treatment of a patient with lichen sclerosus.

ДИНАМІКА ТРАКТОРА ЯК СКЛАДНОЇ МЕХАНІЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ТИПУ ПРОСТОРОВОЇ РАМИ

Purpose of the study is to develop a matrix method for studying the dynamics of a tractor as a multi-mass spatial system of rigid bodies with an arbitrary arrangement of elastic suspension of bodies on shock absorbers relative to a fixed support surface and the presence of elastic connections between the bodies, made in the form of beam elements. Research methods. The methodological basis of the work is the generalization and analysis of well-known scientific results regarding the dynamics of two-mass systems in resonance modes and the use of a systematic approach. The analytical method and comparative analysis were used to form a scientific problem, determine the goal and formulate the research objectives. When creating empirical models, the main provisions of the theory of stability of systems, methodology of systems analysis and research of operations were used. The results of the study. A wheeled vehicle is presented as an amortized continuous frame type structure with assemblies and assembly units located on it, as well as a methodology for calculating individual block matrices of stiffness and damping coefficients. In this case, it is assumed that a viscous damper can be connected in parallel to each elastic element. In this construction of the stiffness and damping matrix of the block matrix are formed in the same way. Damping matrices are derived from the corresponding matrices by substituting damping constants instead of stiffness constants. To determine the natural frequencies and vibration modes of an undamped system using a PC, the most effective method of diagonalization by successive rotations. This method provides a complete solution to the problem, allowing all frequencies and shapes to be determined simultaneously, and good convergence. Conclusions. The considered method for analyzing and calculating the dynamics and vibration damping of a tractor as a complex mechanical system is based on a matrix record of the problem of spatial vibrations of a system of rigid bodies with elastic bonds. Matrix equations seem to be especially useful in the study of complex tightly coupled systems with the obligatory use of a PC. The presented work provides a complete methodology for calculating a tractor as a complex mechanical system such as a spatial frame with equipment installed on it.

Clinical evaluation of mark induced dermatitis on health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross sectional study

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Mask induced dermatitis is common among health care workers now because of the obligatory use of facemask for a longer period during COVID-19, the clinical features vary. Very few studies could be conducted due to the COVID induced constraints. Studies regarding reactions to face masks in health workers published to date are limited and hence we decided to do this study. The objective of this study was to find out the clinical presentations of mask induced dermatitis due to long term use of facemask on healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; A cross sectional study was conducted among 40 healthcare workers attend our OPD with face mask for 6 months. After getting informed written consent clinical evaluation was made by history and dermatologic examination.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Total 40 health care professionals between the age group of 21-50 years (17 females and 23 males) came to our OPD with complaints of itching and dryness with signs of erythema, scaling, papules for 6 months duration. Out of them, 15 (37.5%) patients had exacerbation of pre-existing dermatoses like atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, chronic urticaria, acne. 10 patients (25%) had irritant contact dermatitis 7 patients (17.5%) had sweat-induced dermatitis, 4 patients (10%) had dermatitis due to sponge strip at the nasal bridge, 4 patients (10%) had dermatitis due to vehement use of ear loop involving retroauricular region.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; This study showed that wearing face masks results in the development and aggravation of other skin diseases due to various causes. Itch can induce scratching and thus lead to inappropriate use of face masks, which could compromise their function.&lt;/p&gt;

Drug-coated balloon treatment in coronary artery disease: Recommendations from an Asia-Pacific Consensus Group

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is currently the leading cause of death globally, and the prevalence of this disease is growing more rapidly in the Asia-Pacific region than in Western countries. Although the use of metal coronary stents has rapidly increased thanks to the advancement of safety and efficacy of newer generation drug eluting stent (DES), patients are still negatively affected by some the inherent limitations of this type of treatment, such as stent thrombosis or restenosis, including neoatherosclerosis, and the obligatory use of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with unknown optimal duration. Drug-coated balloon (DCB) treatment is based on a leave-nothing-behind concept and therefore it is not limited by stent thrombosis and long-term DAPT; it directly delivers an anti-proliferative drug which is coated on a balloon after improving coronary blood flow. At present, DCB treatment is recommended as the first-line treatment option in metal stent-related restenosis linked to DES and bare metal stent. For de novo coronary lesions, the application of DCB treatment is extended further, for conditions such as small vessel disease, bifurcation lesions, and chronic total occlusion lesions, and others. Recently, several reports have suggested that fractional flow reserve guided DCB application was safe for larger coronary artery lesions and showed good long-term outcomes. Therefore, the aim of these recommendations of the consensus group was to provide adequate guidelines for patients with CAD based on objective evidence, and to extend the application of DCB to a wider variety of coronary diseases and guide their most effective and correct use in actual clinical practice.

COVID-19 ve Gıda Güvenliği Yönetim Sistemleri

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) as an international public health concern. Currently, due to COVID-19 the world is facing a remarkable danger. As proposed by WHO, many countries have applied physical distancing together with the obligatory use of mask as a practice to stop the transferral of the disease. Within these measures, people working in many branches of business carry out their work from their homes without going to their workplaces. Nevertheless, healthcare specialists and people working in the food industry sector, in the absence of the opportunity to work from home still continue working in their normal workplaces. So far, data suggest that the virus cannot be transmitted through food, but since the virus can remain viable in plastic and packages, the application of food safety management systems remains highly important. The possibility that food can be cross-contaminated is important in order to take the necessary preventive measures. Reinforcement of personal hygiene rules, raising awareness of their importance, and application of good practices is essential to lower the risk of the virus entering the food chain.