Object Of Desire Research Articles

The nation’s happiness, women’s altruism and the affective politics of self-blame: Generating a ‘mood of commitment’

This article contributes to the growing interest in affect and emotions in sociological research, with a specific focus on ‘mood’, developing the concept ‘mood of commitment’. It approaches political commitment as a mood, an affective lens, a dedication to a greater cause, asking how political commitments might be a low intensity affective relationship, and also a heightening, high intensity rhythm at the same time. I conceptualise ‘mood of commitment’ as an object of analysis that can be engaged to critically understand a wide range of political commitments. This article focuses on the case of Ottoman Muslim women’s movements in the early 20th century, amid the turmoil of nationalist movements and ‘modernisation’ processes. It firstly analyses objects of desires that are circulated to be persuasive in the political movements, and attunement of women’s movements with already existing nationalist movements. It secondly unpacks the kind of work involved in claiming to be in the ‘right’ mood of commitment, emphasising the production of hegemonic positions.

Koloniale Fremdheitserfahrung und bikulturelle Eheschliessungen: zur kolonialen Ambivalenz bei Jesco Von Puttkamer und Pierre Loti

"Colonial Experience of Strangeness and Bicultural Marriages: On Colonial Ambivalence in Jesco von Puttkamer and Pierre Loti. The following article goes into the literary analysis of colonial strangeness and bicultural marriages through two colonial texts. Jesco von Puttkamer and Pierre Loti exemplify the subject of colonial strangeness from a travel experience. In their texts, colonial experience of foreignness focuses on excerpt of the colonists from their familiar surroundings with travel. The journey in the sign of colonization goes hand in hand with the perception of the foreign space and its inhabitants. Puttkamer's and Loti's main characters do not however abide by the colonial rule of radical distancing from the natives because they have romantic relationships with black women. In both cases, it is an ambivalent attitude of the colonial masters towards the non-European foreign region, which oscillates between positive and negative stereotypes. The depictions of mixed marriages are also characterized by ambivalence, because the black woman acts both as an object of fascination or desire and as a subject of racial power differences. These statements justify the thesis of colonial ambivalence, which is the subject of discussion here. The authors thus confirm the following results, which the article concludes with; namely, that the line between exotic strangeness and colonial stereotyping is difficult to draw. The analyzed narrative sequences also provide information that colonial intermarriage leads to mutual transformations. As an exchange of bodies, colonial marriages illustrate the interweaving of the colonial periphery and the European metropolis. To achieve the above goals, Whiteness and (post)colonial Studies provide theoretical foundations that make my investigation more plausible. Keywords: colonial travel, foreignness, ambivalence, intercultural marriages, reciprocity "

Experimental plays, conventional endings: Gender normativity and the female spectator of Shirley’s The Doubtful Heir

Critics have frequently argued about whether early modern plays like Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night are ultimately subversive or conservative in their attitudes towards gender and sexuality. Stephen Greenblatt, for example, claims that Twelfth Night’s conclusion confirms the desirability of both heterosexuality and traditional gender roles, whereas Valerie Traub suggests that the play is more disruptive and unconventional than that, since its ending is undermined by the previous deconstruction of gender and sexual binaries and exposure of them as essentially ‘arbitrary’. The question, therefore, is the extent to which a conventional, heteronormative conclusion may or may not work to ‘shut down’ the potentially subversive energies of a play which otherwise explores the non-hetero and the gender nonconformist.This paper explores these questions through a study of James Shirley’s c. 1638-9 tragicomedy The Doubtful Heir, and argues that this play’s ending is, in these terms, both conventional and subversive. Although, as in Twelfth Night, the last act of The Doubtful Heir works to reaffirm traditional gender roles, the effect of this is complicated or problematised by the way in which the play works to frame its hero, Ferdinand, as an object of desire for female spectators, and its encouragement both of the female gaze and of female fantasies of empowerment.

Bahama Mammas: Uncovering the Mountainous Layers of Sexist Views of Breasts and Sport

ABSTRACT Some twenty years ago, sport philosopher Ken Saltman in ‘Men with Breasts’ argued that breasts in American culture signify nurturing motherhood, the object of love and desire, and are capable of selling numerous products from cars to perfume. Saltman focused on bodybuilding and argues that there is gender subversion in bodybuilding reinforced by stereotypical contradictoriness of gender norms, ideals and expectations. A dichotomy continues to exist in sport; women’s breasts are often viewed as incompatible with sport, especially with respect to breastfeeding, as evidenced by the regulations leading up to the 2020 Tokyo games. Breasts are also viewed as nuisance in sport yet simultaneously breasts are highly sexually objectified which results in a challenging and sexist culture that women athletes are forced to navigate. In this article, I aim to provide an updated philosophical analysis on breasts, and argue that breasts continue to create a contested terrain for women athletes. In part one, I make a case for the sexual objectification of breasts and the sports bra in sport, and in section two, I focus on the incompatibility of breasts and challenges for breastfeeding athletes.

A model-based approach for specifying changes in replications of empirical studies in computer Science

The need of replicating empirical studies in Computer Science is widely recognized among the research community. It is essential to report the changes of each replication to promote not only the comprehensibility of the evolution of the experimental validity across a family of studies, but also replicability itself. Unfortunately, the lack of proposals for systematic reporting of changes in replications undermines these desirable objectives. The main goal of the work presented in this article is to provide researchers in Computer Science with a systematic tool-supported approach for the specification and reporting of changes in the replications of their empirical studies. Applying Design Science Research, we have developed and validated a composite artifact consisting of (i) a metamodel that formalizes all the relevant concepts related to replications and their changes; (ii) templates and linguistic patterns that facilitate their reporting; and (iii) a proof-of-concept model-based software tool that supports the proposed approach. For its validation, we have carried out a multiple case study that includes 9 families of empirical studies not only from Computer Science, but also from an area as different as Agrobiology , to check the external validity of our approach. The 9 families encompass 23 replication studies and a total of 92 replication changes, for which we have analyzed the suitability of our proposal. The multiple case study revealed some initial limitations of our approach related to threats to experimental validity and context variables. After several improvement iterations on the artifact, all of the 92 replication changes could be properly specified, including also their qualitatively estimated effects on experimental validity and their corresponding visualization. Our proposal for the specification of replication changes seems to fit the needs not only of replications in Computer Science, but also in other research areas. Nevertheless, further research is needed to improve it and disseminate its use among the research community.

The Chinese Lady by Lloyd Suh

Reviewed by: The Chinese Ladyby Lloyd Suh Dohyun Gracia Shin THE CHINESE LADY. By Lloyd Suh. Directed by Ralph B. Peña. Barrington Stage Company and Ma-Yi Theater Company, Public Theater, New York City. 02 27, 2022. When Atung (Daniel K. Isaac), the translator and manservant of "the Chinese lady," opened up a green cargo box labeled "China Shipping," the audience was introduced to Afong Moy (Shannon Tyo), who is thought to be the first Chinese woman ever to come to the United States. She greeted the audience: "Hello. My name is Afong Moy. It is the year 1834. I am fourteen years old, and newly arrived in America. … Thank you for coming to see me." Afong Moy sat as an exhibition on the boxlike stage adorned with Chinese furniture, luxury goods, and flowers. Every detail of Chinoiserie in the box, including Afong Moy herself in a porcelain-patterned Chinese dress (by costume designer Linda Cho), was imagined to be "representative of China." However, The Chinese Ladyby the Barrington Stage Company and Ma-Yi Theater Company revealed that the US fantasy of China fabricated with transported Oriental luxuries has a hollow echo. Like lifeless, artificial flower petals on the stage's walls, the room was unlike any room in China, and Afong Moy was "unlike any lady to ever live." On the stage, which was made to look like a miniature box, she repeated a routine for the audience who paid to see her performance. When Atung opened a curtain, she introduced herself, walked one revolution around the room with her bound feet, ate Chinese cuisine with chopsticks, and demonstrated the tea ceremony while Atung sold Chinese luxury goods to the audience in the corner. Regardless of her taste or will, she was expected to follow a routine designed to facilitate a white audience's "education and entertainment" (or obsession with "commercial Orientalism"—to borrow John Kuo Wei Tchen's term inspired by Edward Said's "Orientalism"). In this mechanical repetition, The Chinese Ladyas directed by Ralph B. Peña delineated Afong Moy and Atung's unfulfilled desires through their conversations, which landed ironically each time they reprised the routine. The play's author, Lloyd Suh, embedded changes in the eerie routine that twisted stereotypical representations of Asian Americans. Afong Moy, who had been fetishized and consumed as a stereotypical Asian woman, was transformed to play in between an object of desire, subject to the gaze of others, and a desiring subject gazing back at US culture. Shannon Tyo delivered an Afong Moy brimming with speculation on US and Chinese culture, chattering away in a doll-like voice with grand theatrical gestures. Afong Moy's seemingly shallow speechifying, equating corsets with bound feet and so on, ironically revealed her counter-gaze on white voyeurism. Tyo's performance highlighted a stark contrast between young, naïve, hopeful Afong Moy and mature, disillusioned, ghost-like Afong Moy, disclosing the xenophobia and racism that obfuscated any trace of Afong Moy's later life in the United States. The Chinese Ladyfurther added a touch to Atung—the stereotypical trope of an "emasculated Asian male"—by focusing on his profession as a translator. Ventriloquizing white men's desire, Atung sold Chinese luxury goods, tickets to Afong Moy's performance, and the exoticism of Chinese culture itself. While Afong Moy showed a strong desire to bridge China and the United States by putting herself on display as an object of desire, Isaac's performance captured Atung's suppressed desire in his gentle smile, comical presentation, and slow locution, which did not clearly show his inner thoughts and feelings—these later exploding in his monologue on Atung's dream, the vividly sexual portrayal of his desire to be recognized. The most notable thing about Atung in The Chinese Ladyat the Public was that the production highlighted Atung's position as a translator. In the process of translation, Atung saw himself "interpreting" others' words with his point of view instead of "directly recreating" the white view. Before reenacting a reimagined conversation between Afong Moy and US President Andrew Jackson, he said that "we can only simulate the past, not in pursuit of...

Irish Literature in Transition, 1700-1780, ed. Moyra Haslett

<i>Irish Literature in Transition, 1700-1780</i>, ed. Moyra Haslett

Bodies in Water: Disability Cinemas and Creatures of the Sea

Abstract Jacques Audiard's Rust and Bone (France, 2012) and Guillermo del Toro's The Shape of Water (US, 2017) tell, in very different ways, a familiar story: a disabled, female protagonist is rehabilitated by romance, restored in her role as the object of heterosexual desire. Stephanie, in Audiard's film, has both her legs amputated after an accident at her job training orca whales. The mute Eliza, in del Toro's, falls in love with an amphibian creature held captive in the laboratory where she works as a cleaner. Why these invocations of the sea and its creatures? What makes marine life such a compelling metaphor in disability narrative? Here the author considers the ways that water and aquatic animals trouble the boundary between life and nonlife, gesture toward the always-uninhabitable space of the other, and become points of contact between the visual and the material. In both films, these images, the author argues, reveal cinema's fantasies of weightlessness and containment, ableist fantasies that are always steeped in the desire to preserve the spectator's imagined bodily integrity. But these metaphors also reveal cinema's ability to confound space and visibility, to produce discontinuous and immaterial forms of life, and, in so doing, to challenge dominant notions of embodiment and wholeness. Drawing on contemporary work in disability theory as well as the writings of John Berger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Gilles Deleuze, the author offers a reading of these films that both lays bare the extent of their ableism and locates the moments in which they offer us ways of thinking otherwise.

The Transformative Potential of LGBTQ+ Children's Picture Books by Jennifer Miller

Reviewed by: The Transformative Potential of LGBTQ+ Children's Picture Books by Jennifer Miller Jessica Lussier (bio) The Transformative Potential of LGBTQ+ Children's Picture Books. By Jennifer Miller. University Press of Mississippi, 2022. Jennifer Miller's The Transformative Potential of LGBTQ+ Children's Picture Books provides a foundational entry-point into the study of the field. Working from a corpus of over 150 English-language picture books from the 1970s to 2018, Miller chronicles the evolution of LGBTQ+ topics and themes over time. While many critics have criticized LGBTQ+ children's picture books for being homonormative and conservative (often upholding dominant social institutions instead of consciously dismantling them), [End Page 426] Miller intentionally chooses to view these texts through the lens of critical optimism, highlighting the transformative potential of these texts to "demand LGBTQ+ visibility and challenge stigma associated with LGBTQ+ identities and experiences" (27). Chapter 1, "The Politics of LGBTQ+ Children's Literature," serves as the introduction to Miller's work, outlining the existing scholarship surrounding LGBTQ+ children's picture books, her methodology, and critical influences. Miller affirms the importance of a thorough, comprehensive archive, arguing that too many scholars make too general conclusions from too limited data sets—something that she, herself, was guilty of and wished to correct in this work (18). In drawing from such a large archive, Miller analyzes the selected works from a more optimistic place, positioning them within their historical contexts and teasing out the ways that even very homonormative works can prompt societal transformation and change. Chapter 2, "A Genealogy of LGBTQ+ Children's Picture Books: The Early Years," charts the development of LGBTQ+ children's picture books over the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. This general overview of common tropes and themes provides a foundation for their specific exploration in later chapters. Miller identifies two clusters of tropes during these years: first, the tropes of the "sissy boy," queer exceptionalism, and "boy-meets-skirt"; and second, the emergence of the tropes of "virtually normal" lesbian- and gay-parented families, family diversity, and the gay uncle (38). The persistence and evolution of these tropes across these three decades (and into the 2000s and 2010s) reflect dominant cultural understandings and ways of being. Chapter 3, "Virtually Normal: Lesbian and Gay Grown-Ups in Children's Picture Books," examines the evolution of this trope in post-2000s picture books. Miller notes the limiting tendency of these texts to generally only feature LGBTQ+ adults in a familial role or when exceptional enough to be featured in a biography, subsuming LGBTQ+ adults into a homonormative framework and making them seem "just like" heterosexual couples (78). Yet, these characters still offer transformative potential in their very visibility, making LGBTQ+ lives available and imaginable to young readers. Chapter 4, "Beyond the Sissy Boy: Pink Boys and Tomboys," dives into the transformation of the "sissy boy" trope first found in pre-2000 picture books. The "sissy boy" is characterized by an association and like of feminine objects and activities. These desires are often viewed with embarrassment or anger by the adult figures, but over time, the embarrassment has shifted away from the sissy boy and onto the policing figure, making them seem silly or out of line. Most recently, the sissy boy has transformed into the "pink boy," who also evinces a desire for more feminine objects, such as wearing dresses, but with a crucial distinction: to cast the desired objects as gender neutral (109). While this focus does render the intricacies of gender expression more banal, Miller recognizes the manners in which these [End Page 427] texts also promote flexible definitions of gender and gender expression. Chapter 5, "Queer Youth and Gender: Representing Transgender, Nonbinary, Gender-Creative, and Gender-Free Youth," investigates trans and nonbinary gender expressions in LGTBQ+ children's picture books. These texts center around the importance of resilience and staying true to oneself, building upon the characterization of sissy boys, pink boys, and tomboys in the previous chapter. Like with pink boys, sissy boys, and tomboys, the depiction of transgender characters emphasizes the role of the supportive nuclear family—to the exclusion of a wider queer community. While this depiction may be accurate for many...

A Bi-Objective Learn-and-Deploy Scheduling Method for Bursty and Stochastic Requests on Heterogeneous Cloud Servers

In this article, we consider the dynamic allocation of bursty requests stochastically arriving at heterogeneous servers with uncertain setup times. Lower expected response time and less power consumption are desirable objectives of users and service providers respectively. However, sudden increase and decrease of cloud servers caused by bursty requests are rather challenging to get an appropriate trade-off between the two conflicting objectives which are closely related to the launched servers. The heterogeneity of the cloud servers further makes it more difficult to decide how to switch on and off servers and effectively and efficiently allocate bursty requests with balanced objectives. Based on a Markov decision process, a real-time bilevel decision-making model is constructed for unallocated requests which includes: whether to launch a server and which type of server to launch. A learn-and-deploy algorithm framework is proposed which contains two complementary stages. In the first stage, an effective offline bi-objective optimization algorithm is proposed to learn a set of policies, which provides helpful trade-off information for a decision-maker to choose a preferred policy <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a posteriori</i> . In terms of the system status, a policy decides whether to launch a server according to a state-action table and which server to launch using a server priority sequence. In the second stage, a computationally efficient policy deployment method is proposed to search the corresponding action in the selected policy based on the current system status and apply it to the real-time system. Experimental studies over a large number of random and real instances have been conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed bilevel model and algorithm. Compared to the most recent existing method, the performance of the proposed approach can at most achieve an 80% improvement on power consumption and 20% improvement on response time.

Peran Guru PAI Dalam Pembinaan Akhlak Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar Kelas IV Di SD Negeri 3 Rukti Sediyo

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of PAI teachers in fostering morals in elementary school students. The type of research used is qualitative research. The data sources used are primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis technique using triangulation. The results of this study are that teachers are the main figures in the process of implementing educational programs. So that the desired learning objectives can be achieved optimally. The role of the PAI teacher in moral development for grade IV students, including: helping students learn various things they do not know, the class IV PAI teacher also plays a role in providing training and guidance to students so that they have good morals, not only that their role PAI teachers can also be advisors, role models, and provide supervision both in the areas of knowledge and skills.

Development of scientific-based student worksheets to improve science process skills through problem-based learning

LKS is a product that can help achieve the desired learning objectives. This study aims to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of LKS with a scientific approach to the respiratory system material to improve students' science process skills in PBL learning in high school based on the results of expert validation, science process skills (KPS) tests and observations. The research method used in this research is (R&amp;D) and experiment. The results of the feasibility test analysis based on the results of the validation of media, material and pedagogic aspects obtained a score was 83.5%. LKS effectiveness test results of the KPS difference test between the experimental class and the control class, the sig value was obtained. (2-tailed) 0.002 and the comparison of the test results for the increase (N-gain) of the experimental class KPS was 0.40 and the control class of 0.27 and based on these results from the comparison of the KPS observations the control class gets the value of 74% while the experimental class got a value was 96%, so it can be concluded that the LKS has a scientific approach very feasible and effective to use to improve students' science process skills in PBL learning.

Transfer learning and fine‐tuned transfer learning methods' effectiveness analyse in the CNN‐based deep learning models

SummaryObject detection is a type of application that includes computer vision and image processing technologies, which deal with detecting, tracking, and classifying desired objects in images. Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that enables computers and systems to derive information from digital images and take action or suggestions based on that information. CNN is one of the current methods of object detection due to its ease of use and GPU‐supported parallel working features. Due to the aim of completing deep learning model training quickly or due to insufficient dataset, many studies using the transfer learning method are carried out in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and weapons. However, there are very few studies that use the fine‐tuning method and compare transfer learning in terms of effectiveness. By paying attention to the balanced distribution of the data, approximately 100 images of each chess piece type were included in the analysis and a dataset of at least 1000 images was created. The without transfer learning fine‐tune, fine‐tuned transfer learning, transfer learning, fully supervised learning (FSL) and weakly supervised learning (WSL) applied models performances compared. Experimental results show that the fine‐tuned transfer learning applied YOLO V4 model produces more accurate results than the other models in FSL and the transfer learning applied Faster R‐CNN model produces more accurate results than the other models in WSL.

The use of smartphones and the quest for a future among West African men in reception centers in Italy

In this article, I will analyse the creative use of smartphone by West African men living in reception centers in Torino, in Italy. As the usurpation of time has become an integral part of the European border regime, I place migrants’ media practices in relation to their claims for temporal justices. Drawing on ethnographic data, I argue that the use of smartphones – and especially the making and sharing of images – represents a practice of future making, which is linked to the dimension of hope and desire more than that of nostalgia. After having considered the mobile phone as an instrument for “killing time” during the slow daily routine of the reception centers, I will go on to analyse how the skillfully crafting of one’s own virtual image helps to carry out migratory projects and to obtain a residence permit. Finally, I will turn my attention to the materiality of the smartphone. As an “object of desire,” it is part of a chain of gifts and counter-gifts capable of unlocking new scenarios through the creation of relationships. I conclude that the smartphone can be seen as a weapon in the battle over time which is proper of contemporary migration politics and governance.

Health care quality improvement fluency: The secret sauce to improving quality improvement

The goal of quality improvement (QI) in healthcare is to improve patient outcomes. An easily supported, simple, and desirable objective. Fortunately, over the past 20 years, healthcare has “embraced” quality improvement, but that journey is remarkably incomplete. QI has infiltrated mainstream thinking for many clinicians and healthcare administrators; however, using the words and speaking the QI language does not always translate to the effective execution of improvement processes that lead to better outcomes.

‘A woman’s face and a child’s body’: Brooke Shields and child sexuality

ABSTRACT In the 1970s, child actress and model Brooke Shields became a flashpoint for the crisis over child sexuality and paedophilia. Shields’s disturbing marriage of a child’s body with a womanly face disrupted the iconography of childhood that had flourished since the Enlightenment and pointed towards a new paradigm that has become more prominent in the decades since. This article examines how child liberationist views that children are sexual beings helped to shape Shields’s public image as an object of adult male desire, even as her celebrity became a vector for the emerging feminist argument that children must be protected from adult desire. Through discourse about Shields, artists, journalists, and others articulated opposing logics for understanding the newly sexualised child and helped lay the foundation for contemporary debates about children in visual culture.

‘[D]onning the Garb of a Pit Girl again’: Imagining the ‘Pit Brow Lassie’ in Late-Victorian Fiction

Abstract This article analyses various representations of the figure of the ‘pit brow lassie’ with a particular emphasis on two novels; Frances Hodgson Burnett’s That Lass O’ Lowrie’s (1877) and John Monk Foster’s A Pit Brow Lassie (1889). It argues that pit brow women provided a focus for discussions of the interplay of class and gender roles in Victorian Britain. The article begins by tracing the history of attitudes towards women’s employment in the mines in Victorian Britain and the role which visual representations of pit brow women played in the campaigns for and against their employment. It then analyses the way in which the representation of the pit brow women in That Lass O’ Lowrie’s shifts from an ideologeme of pity to one of respect and self-respect. It argues that Burnett’s novel is, in part, a re-purposing of earlier ‘Condition of England’ novels with gender replacing class as the main axis of social reconciliation. As part of this re-purposing it argues that while the novel uses the perceived deficiencies of working-class women to justify the agency of their middle-class counterparts, it also represents its working-class heroine as an object of middle-class desire. Next the article explores John Monk Foster’s A Pit Brow Lassie highlighting the ways in which it both normalizes and defends the work of pit brow women and, in contrast to Burnett’s novel, makes female labour integral to the development of its plot. It analyses the ways in which Foster’s representation of pit brow women differs from Burnett’s and argues that these differences arise from a combination of generic, publication and authorial factors. However, despite these differences the article argues that Foster’s novel also eschews the ideologeme of pity in favour of respect/self-respect.

Role of culture in water resources management via sustainable social automated negotiation

Increased competitions for water resources in many regions worldwide call for cooperative approaches. The competitions are complex for humans to resolve due to numerous alternatives and different or conflicting preferences of multiple stakeholders over multiple criteria, which might even oppose desirable environmental objectives. Parties also have incomplete information about the preferences of the counterparties. Electronic negotiation, empowered by intelligent agent technology, is a combination of artificial intelligence, economics, and psychology to find beneficial joint agreements in complex paradigms such as this. This study investigates a multilateral sustainable automated negotiation among intelligent agents representing stakeholders, including the legal party ‘nature’ as one of the stakeholders. It defines decision criteria and alternatives in the framework of cultural factors, elicits preferences of the stakeholders regarding the criteria without their intervention using a multi-criteria decision-making method, prunes the solution space before starting the negotiation by recognizing a general social treaty, determines the multi-issue specific treaty by learning the stakeholders, and demonstrates bidding and acceptance strategies.

Ambivalent states: Paradoxes of subjection in the Jordanian south

This paper explores the passionate attachments that underpin subjection to political authority. It does so through an examination of the ways residents of the Jordanian city of Ma‘an are formed by, respond to and live with stateness. Rather than unpacking the prosaic practices through which the state comes to appear as an external structure, it probes the forms of agency and affective connection that emerge from life amidst these practices, exploring some of their effects and conditions of possibility. Far from calling for the Jordanian state’s downfall or demise, Ma‘anis call for the state’s redemption, in a circuitous cycle that only intensifies their conviction in an object of desire that so dependably thwarts their aspirations. Drawing on the work of Judith Butler and Lauren Berlant, this paper argues that while the assurances and consolations the state offers can be entered into in any number of ways, subjectivities in its midst may very well be marked by a constitutive ambivalence that is difficult to escape.

AUTOMATION OF A NETWORK OF PROBLEMS USING PROGRAMMING TOOLS

One of the directions of development of metadata of electronic libraries is their selective visualization with the provision of object search in the visual network representation of metadata. One of such systems is also developed by the author of EaAIS “PoiskUM”. In the “PoiskUM” system, an attempt has been made to programmatically implement an electronic library designed for personal use and providing object search functions. In contrast to the classical dictionary search, the object search system provides the reader with the opportunity to fully or partially search through the elements of the library collection and “identify” the desired objects among them on the basis of search features located in cognitive memory. In this system, the user can see a complex network consisting of a network of scientific and technical problems on the computer screen, a network of innovative cycles of technical products related to the problems shown, and a network of library documents. This network is visualized by a representative of a special class of applied software systems – a graph editor. The graph editor builds network elements in its memory in the form of objects and shows them in its windows in the form of a table displaying the attributes of objects. Maintaining and developing the functions of replenishing the network of problems require significant manual labor from the owner of the electronic library. This article discusses proposals for automating the replenishment of structural elements of the network of problems in relation to the metadata of an electronic library that supports object search.