Archaeological Heritage Objects Research Articles

The Collection of Archaeological Antiquities From the Pavlo Khavliuk Excavations in the Funds of Vinnytsia Regional Museum of History and Nature

The purpose of the article is to generalize information about the formation of the collection of archaeological monuments from the explorations and excavations of Pavlo Khavliuk, which is stored in the funds of the Vinnytsia Regional Museum of History and Nature. The research methodology is represented by: the principle of historicism, system approach, methods of logic, grouping, comparative-historical, statistical and problem-chronological principles. The scientific novelty of the work in the fact that it is the first generalizing work, which systematizes and analyzes the materials of long-term excavations by Pavlo Khavliuk (1925-2001) at various historical monuments of archeology from the territory of the Vinnytsia region, which constitute a significant part of the stock collection of the Vinnytsia Regional Museum of History and Nature. Conclusions. Pavlo Ivanovych studied the archaeological monuments of our region from 1950 to 2001. During this time, the archaeologist discovered more than 1,200 objects of archaeological heritage. Stationary excavations were carried out at almost 100 monuments (settlements, hillforts, burial grounds, etc.). From 43 of them, the materials entered the main fund of the Vinnytsia Regional Museum of History and Nature. The rest of the collection is in the research fund and is under development. Among the processed materials in the foundation collection, there are materials from the monuments of the Trypil culture (Borysivka, Luhova, Rakhny Sobovi, Ulanivka), the pre-Scythian period (Kunka), the Scythian period (Gaisyn, Zhornyshche, Severynivka, Slobidka, Soroka, Stina), the Zarubinets culture (Nosivtsi, Maryanivka, Rachny Sobovi, Parkhomivka, Raiky), Chernyakhiv culture (Gaivove, Garmaki, Gunka, Demydivka, Zayachivka, Skitka, Slobidka, Trostyanets), early Slavic period (Holiky, Kalnik, Korzhivka, Kochuriv III, Kuna, Pariivka, Parkhomivka, Semenky I, Trostyanets, Khrinivka, Chortoriya, Shchurivtsi), of the period of Kyiv Rus (Demydivka, Parkhomivka, Sazhki, Slobidka, Chervone, Chortoriya, Yurkivtsi). There are 1,676 objects in the "Archaeology" storage group, and 156 artifacts in the "scientific auxiliary fund". Scientific passports have been drawn up for these subjects and they are actively introduced into scientific circulation. The other part of the collection is being processed and replenishes the fund collection of the museum. The obtained data are systematized and comprehensively analyzed, their historical interpretation is presented. The work describes the characteristics of materials by archaeological cultures and years of excavation.

Experience in the Development of Archaeological Multimedia Content for Students of Pedagogical Universities

Purpose. The article is devoted to the generalization of the integrating the Local History Museum and the equipment of the Altai State Pedagogical University Universal Pedagogical Competences Technopark funds with the resources of the historical park of the Novosibirsk region “Russia is My History” experience in order to create multimedia educational content applicable when teaching the “Archaeological tourism” course.Results. The importance of multi-channel perception of archaeological heritage objects (description, photo, drawing, 3D modeling) in the pedagogical process is shown. The development features of a program with elements of the game based on the materials of the archaeological sites of Altai (“Antiquities of Altai”) associated with their attributive and informative properties are discussed. Much attention is paid to the requirements for the description and analysis of the selection criteria for objects exhibited in multimedia. The features of the multimedia content integration into the educational process are considered.Conclusion. It is shown that situational gamification contributes to the figurative perception of specific archaeological eras and the material complex associated with them. It is concluded that the continued introduction of multimedia technologies in the teaching of historical disciplines will increase interest in science among students of the Pedagogical University. The combination of traditional and innovative teaching methods applied in practice both in higher and secondary schools will lead to an increase in the quality of historical and general education.

Archaeological heritage as a subject of criminal offense

Today, the archaeological heritage is an integral element of the objective side of the composition of the crime provided for in Art. 298 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. At the same time, the effectiveness of the mentioned article, in our opinion, raises certain doubts. First of all, this is due to the fact that encroachments, the subject of which is the archaeological heritage, have a high level of latency. In addition, when applying Part 1 of Art. 298 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, in the vast majority of cases, there is a problem of proving that illegal archaeological explorations, excavations, other earthworks or underwater works were carried out precisely on the site of archaeological heritage. This paper is devoted to the study of archaeological heritage as a subject of criminal encroachment and clarification of the terminological apparatus used in defining the specified element. During the research, all existing archaeological heritage sites in Ukraine were divided into three groups: 1) known archaeological heritage sites; 2) intended objects of archaeological heritage; 3) unknown objects of archaeological heritage. The given gradation gives rise to certain peculiarities regarding the status of archaeological heritage objects and the adaptation of measures aimed at their protection. Yes, criminal protection under Art. 298 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine applies only to objects of archaeological heritage of the first group. Legal protection is provided to known objects of archaeological heritage that have just been discovered or those that exist as monuments of national or local importance, that is, objects that have been granted the legal status of «object of archaeological heritage» by the state. In any other case, it is impossible to prosecute the guilty persons for the illegal conduct of archaeological explorations, excavations, other earthworks or underwater works on the object of archaeological heritage, which belongs to the second or third group. They do not have the corresponding legal status of «site of archaeological heritage», despite the fact that they are such in essence. It became necessary to introduce changes to the current legislation for the purpose of preventive protection not only of objects of archaeological heritage with a clearly defined legal status, but also of those that do not have it.

РАБОТЫ СЕКТОРА АРХЕОЛОГИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ОХРАНЫ ОБЪЕКТОВ КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ АЛТАЙСКОГО КРАЯ В 2022 ГОДУ (РОССИЯ)

The article is devoted to the main results of the work of the Archaeology Sector of the Department of State Supervision in the Department of State Protection of the Cultural Heritage of the Altai Region, created in 2019. The most important areas of activity of the Archaeology Sector within the framework of the transferred federal powers are systematic observation of objects of archaeological heritage, identification of damage because of illegal and unauthorized archaeological work, as well as the implementation of measures for the preservation and protection of archaeological sites. As a result, an external visual inspection and photographic recording of 460 objects of the archaeological heritage were conducted. Also, several facts of damage to objects of archaeological heritage because of illegal archaeological and unauthorized have been established. The article highlights the work of the staff of the Archeology Sector in the legal and practical sphere of the protection of cultural heritage in 2022.

ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ИТОГИ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ РАЗВЕДКИ В НОВОКУЗНЕЦКОМ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОМ ОКРУГЕ КЕМЕРОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ - КУЗБАССА

The article presents the results of the authors’ work on the survey of a land plot in the upper reaches of the Kandalep River, Novokuznetsk Municipal District of the Kemerovo region, Kuzbass. As a result of a full-scale survey, objects of archaeological heritage were identifed: “Settlement of Kandalep-1”, “Settlement of Kandalep-2”, “Settlement of Kandalep-3”, “Settlement of Kandalep-4”, “Settlement of Kandalep-5”.

ДО ПРОБЛЕМИ АРХЕОЛОГІЧНО-АРХІТЕКТУРНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ФОРТИФІКАЦІЙ В РАЙОНІ ПЛОЩІ АДАМА МІЦКЕВИЧА У ЛЬВОВІ

The new hotel building appeared at 9 Mickiewicz Square in Lviv during 2022-2023. It was built on the site of an architectural monument from 1839 – the Hudets house. The author of the Hudetz house project was the Viennese architect Wilhelm Schmidt. The monument was dismantled despite the protests of the Lviv publicity and despite the decision of the Scientific and Methodological Council of the Ministry of Civil Engineering of Ukraine on the expediency for its restoration. In connection with the construction of the hotel, the plans of the city authorities for the construction of an underground parking lot for 40 cars appeared here. This initiative caused great discussions in the circle of preservationists and build specialists. The plot for the construction of the parking lot has a very complex hydrogeological structure, which significantly complicates the construction and can also negatively affect the entire historical environment of the square and the surrounding buildings. Another feature of the square is the presence of a number of archaeological sites. These are, first of all, the remains of two lines of fortifications - relics of the High Defense Wall of the XIII-XVI centuries (in the vicinity of the square there are the remains of the defensive Riznytska tower and the wall from it to the Bondarska tower) and the remains of the so-called of the "third" defensive belt of the city center (a defensive line erected in 1522-1542 in the form of large artillery basteyas and bastions; the bastions were connected to each other by a rampart with a wall). These two defensive lines had their own ditches filled with water. In the 17th-18th centuries, when the fortification function expired, houses of various purposes began to be added to the defensive walls. Their remains may also be present in the underground space of the square. The purpose of this publication is to show which objects of archaeological heritage are under the square, and to point out the value of these relics for the history of Lviv. The discovery and archaeological exposition of these monuments will make it impossible to build an underground parking lot here.

Війна в Україні: нові виклики для археології

As a result of the Russian aggression, which began in 2014, hundreds, if not thousands, of cultural heritage sites were destroyed or damaged to one degree or another. Against this background, the objects of archaeological heritage, which include settlements, hillforts, barrows, burial mounds (kurgans), etc., stand out. Work on collecting information on damaged archaeological sites began back in 2014. In 2016, after a monitoring mission to study the state of archaeological heritage in the war zone within the territory of Luhansk region, information began to be collected somewhat more actively. Starting from February 2022, when even more Ukrainian territory was subjected to military action, even more archaeological heritage sites were damaged or completely destroyed. Identification and analysis of cases related to the destructive impact of the war on the archaeological heritage is the main task for the near future. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop methodological recommendations. The publication proposes the allocation of three conditional groups of locations of archaeological heritage objects: group A - objects in the zone of cessation of hostilities or in the zone of active hostilities in the unoccupied territory (controlled by Ukraine); group B - objects in the zone close to the front line, military operations were not carried out, but archaeological objects were damaged by the military (territory controlled by Ukraine); group C - objects in the zone where hostilities are no longer taking place, or in the zone of active military operations in the occupied territory. Given the existing information, a preliminary typology of the nature of damage to archaeological heritage objects was developed, which includes 6 items: 1. mounds with partially destroyed embankments as a result of shelling (presence of ruptures from explosions); 2. mounds damaged as a result of the arrangement of protective structures/support and observation point or firing points with the help of machinery or hand tools; 3. settlements, hillforts, and ground necropolis, on the day surface of which there are ruptures from explosions (the integrity of the object is damaged); 4. settlements, hillforts, and ground necropolis that were damaged or destroyed as a result of the construction of protective structures; 5. mined areas; 6. areas with objects of archaeological heritage allocated for large-scale construction of military infrastructure (Crimean Peninsula). The construction of civil infrastructure in the occupied territories is a topic for a separate study. In all cases, the degree of damage is indicated separately. The possibility of supplementing or correcting the data is not excluded, since the research process is at the stage of development. It also offers 4 ways of obtaining information about the facts of the destruction of archaeological heritage sites, including private messages, monitoring of social networks and specialized forums, visual monitoring, and research of satellite images. Key words: archaeological heritage, war, Ukraine, methodology.

КОСТЯНЫЕ И РОГОВЫЕ ПРЕДМЕТЫ ИЗ РАННЕТАШТЫКСКОГО ПОСЕЛЕНЧЕСКОГО СЛОЯ С ПЛОЩАДИ КУРГАНА «ОДИНОЧНЫЙ СКЛЕП „САРТЫКОВ“» В АЛТАЙСКОМ РАЙОНЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ХАКАСИЯ

The article presents the results of the analysis of bone-carving raw materials and products made of bone and horn, found on the area of the ”Single crypt ʻSartykovʼ”site. In the course of security and rescue field archaeological work by the expedition of the Khakassian State University named after N.F. Katanov, collapsing objects of archaeological heritage of federal significance in the Altai region of the Republic of Khakassia were investigated. The collection of finds from the site includes arrowheads (3 specimens), pins (3 specimens). Also, blanks made of bone and horn (3 specimens) were found. All items come from a cultural layer that dates back to the time of the existence of the Tashtyk archaeological culture. The horn arrowhead with a bifurcated head has no analogues among the Tashtyk complexes. The obtained materials make more convincing the general idea of the bone-cutting production of the transitional Tagar-Tashtyk period and its place in the culture of the ancient population that lived in the Khakass-Minusinsk basin in the area of the right river-bank Abakan. Date the upper cultural layer of the site to the beginning of the early stage of the Tashtyk culture.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ГРАНИЦ ОБЪЕКТОВ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ АЛТАЙСКОГО КРАЯ В 2020-2023 ГГ. : ИСТИННЫЕ ПРИОРИТЕТЫ И РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ

The article is devoted to the generalization of the experience of the Steppe detachment of the archaeological expedition of the Altai State Pedagogical University in determining the boundaries of objects of archaeological heritage. Statistical data on the 2020-2023 studies carried out on the territory of Ust’-Kalmansky, Loktevsky, Shipunovsky and Kuryinsky districts of the Altai Territory are summarized. Some results of the selection by the Department of State Protection of Cultural Heritage Objects of the Altai Territory, archaeological monuments for determining the boundaries, from the point of view of their preservation, are summarized

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ГРАНИЦ ОБЪЕКТОВ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ В УСТЬ-КАЛМАНСКОМ, ЛОКТЕВСКОМ И ШИПУНОВСКОМ РАЙОНАХ АЛТАЙСКОГО КРАЯ: ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ РАБОТ

The article is devoted to the generalization of the experience of the Steppe detachment of the archaeological expedition of Altai State Pedagogical University to determine the boundaries of objects of archaeological heritage. New statistical data on the 2020-2022 studies conducted on the territory of Ust’-Kalmansky, Loktevsky and Shipunovsky districts are presented. The authors stress the correct approach of the Department of State Protection of Cultural Heritage objects of the Altai Territory, which included in the list of objects to be delimitated in 2022, on the territory of Shipunovsky district, the largest in three years percentage of mounds subject to destruction. At the same time, a significant and unaccounted issue in the organization of these works was the choice of time and terms of their implementation.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE AND SURVEYS. MODERNITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ANNIVERSARY OF M. P. KUCHERA

The paper presents a brief analysis of the territorial, quantitative, and qualitative scope of M. P. Kuchera’s explorations; organizational principles, methodological principles, and practical techniques for ensuring the functioning and livelihood of his archaeological exploration expedition are defined. The peculiarities of the methodology, research methods and style of the researcher’s scientific investigations are characterized.
 Due to visiting and detailed examination in different years of numerous Old Rus sites in different lands of Rus-Ukraine the scientist could to conceptualize and formulate a probable typology of Old Rus settlements and fortifications as well as to build a well-founded dating scheme of Old Rus kitchen pottery. The conscious understanding of necessity of the development of source base and research interest required the most comprehensive coverage of the entire scope research object. At least twice M. P. Kuchera set such tasks and successfully fulfilled them: he created a comprehensive, consolidated and complete study of the Old Rus settlements of Ukraine and the Zmievy Walls.
 A brief description of the author’s personal exploration experience within the scope of the student scientific Early Slavic archaeological expedition and as part of the expedition of M. P. Kuchera is presented.
 The combination and understanding of previous experience, strategies and methods allowed the author to synthesize, develop and implement the program of complex multi-year and multi-seasonal archaeological explorations of the historical Ovruch Volost. The concentrated description of the main principles and features of exploration in the Ovruch project, their key methods and results is provided. Multiple trips, observation in dynamics, monitoring of the state of preservation are some of the main components of the field research strategy of the expeditions of the Ovruch project. The main result was a more than tenfold increase in the number of archaeological sites known in this area before the start of work. Such drastic qualitative and qualitative changes prompted the development of a new special scientific and practical field of archaeological knowledge — the study and assessment of the degree of archaeological research (SAD). The methods of SAD ensure the determination of the archaeological potential of the territory, the creation of its detailed regional models, special techniques and methods of studying and assessing the level of accounting and protection of the historical and archaeological heritage objects of the certain region, the identification and assessment of risks and threats to them.
 Finding the critical modern state of study, recording and preservation of domestic archaeological sites makes it obvious the need to develop and implement urgent and large-scale tasks in this field, first of all, to find out at least approximate parameters of the real archaeological potential of the relevant territories of the state. This task requires specially designed, planned and implemented broad and detailed archaeological exploration.
 In the paper the author once again emphasizes the vital need for the development and implementation of the National Program of Archaeological Survey of Ukraine and the corresponding changes in the strategy and tactics of scientific research of the Instituteof Archaeology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

Archaeological Artefacts as Objects of Property Relations

The article analyzes illegal activities aimed at predatory excavations of archaeological monuments, known as "black digging", and also raises the problem of civil turnover of archaeological objects as a factor stimulating such criminal activity. The authors raise the problem of a vague understanding of the legal status of such concepts as "historical and cultural monument", "antiques" and "archaeological object" both among members of the public and in the legal community. Since the civil turnover of historical and cultural monuments is allowed with some restrictions, lawyers consider the purchase and sale of archaeological artefacts to be quite legal. However, the law imposes restrictions on the civil turnover of archaeological heritage objects, still there has not yet been a single precedent of bringing to justice dealers in archaeological objects. To combat the illegal storage and trafficking of archaeological objects, lawyers need to analyze the legal basis and eliminate the existing legal conflict, which allows persons engaged in illegal activities to avoid responsibility for such offences.

TO THE PROBLEM OF USING OF MODERN METHODS IN THE RESEARCH OF ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL URBAN COMPLEXES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NATIONAL RESERVE "ANCIENT HALYCH" TERRITORY)

There are several dozen historical-architectural or historical-cultural reserves in Ukraine, which were created to preserve the valuable historical environment. As a rule, on the territory of such nature reserves, we have a combination of objects of architectural and archaeological heritage. In the past, these objects could be significant complexes with fortifications, and several auxiliary buildings, some of which were objects of wooden architecture. Today, a large part of such objects is lost. We can give a list of the most famous ones – the reserve "Sofia Kyivska", "Davnii Halych", "Knyazhy Belz", the historical and archaeological reserve "Plisnesko", the historical and architectural reserve in the city of Zhovkva or the reserve in the city of Lutsk, and many others. As a rule, the planning of research and restoration-conservation works in such nature reserves takes place by successive selection of individual objects and efforts to bring them to a proper state and museumization. With this method of planning, the most important scientific component is lost – the study and assessment of the entire complex with its preserved and unpreserved objects (including archaeological and landscape elements). The recording of all the wealth of movable and immovable heritage on the territory of the reserve is also relevant. Such a selective method is due to the weak instrumental base of reserves and limited opportunities to attract relevant specialists. We believe that scientific activity and conservation and restoration work in such nature reserves should be based on a primary survey of the entire territory. A thorough and complete inventory of all archaeological sites on the territory must be carried out. In the article, we reveal the possibilities of research and inventory of the territory of historical and cultural reserves using modern instrumental non-invasive methods. The most problematic are the tasks of detection, inventory, and identification of objects of archaeological heritage. This task can be solved with the use of modern equipment and appropriate methods – ground-penetrating radar surveys, thermal imaging, exploratory drilling, the use of micro video cameras, aerial photography of the territory using a quadcopter, laser 3D scanning, etc. We present specific recommendations and proposals for the formation of a scientific research program for the territory of the "Davnii Halych" national reserve.

Young People’s Summer Field School in Archaeology “The Objects of Archaeological Heritage of the Petrine Era in the Volgograd Oblast”

Young People’s Summer Field School in Archaeology “The Objects of Archaeological Heritage of the Petrine Era in the Volgograd Oblast”

Херексуры Юстыда: мультиспектральная съемка, опыт использования БПЛА для комплексного изучения

The article discusses the methodological issues of remote mapping objects of archaeological heritage using unmanned aerial vehicles. A section of the Yustyd river valley on the territory of the Kosh-Agach district of the Altai Republic was chosen as a polygon. The survey area in 2021 covered the territory of the right bank with the maximum concentration of large objects, first of all, khirgisuurs, which are distinguished by a variety of shapes and internal structures. For multispectral shooting of archaeological sites, an unmanned aerial vehicle DJI Inspire 1 (ver. 2.0) was used, a design feature of which was an additional mini-platform located in the rear of the hull. The platform was mounted for the installation of a Parrot Sequoia camera and an additional battery — a source of autonomous power supply for the camera. The process of photogrammetric processing of images was a computer automated digital processing of photographic materials with the subsequent creation of a mosaic orthomosaic. Agisoft Metashape software was chosen for photogrammetric processing of materials. The results obtained were subjected to index (thematic) processing of multispectral images based on a combination of green, red and near infrared channels. In the course of a comparative analysis of the constructed images, the following regularities were found. The MCARI index makes it possible to detect burial mounds and structural elements expressed in geometry (plan). Detection of various “anomalies” characterizing the presence of small elements in the turf layers is possible with additional filter processing. Thus, it has been established that multispectral imaging is a new high-tech tool for performing work: archaeological exploration, searching for new objects and clarifying the configuration of previously studied objects, when mapping stand-alone sites and archaeological complexes in general.

Kuibyshev reservoir shore transformation as a factor of archaeological heritage objects destruction

The article presents the results of long-term research carried out in the shoreline zone of the Kuibyshev reservoir, at the location of the Izmer’s complex of multitemporal archeological sites, territory the Republic of Tatarstan. “Beganchik” Paleolithic site and fortified settlement of Bolgar period “Devichiy Gorodok” were selected for detailed study. The assessment of the shoreline transformation has been carried out with the use of remote sensing data, advanced methods of field survey and geoinformation analysis. As a result the most dynamic areas have been identified. In the work, were used archival aerial images, high-resolution satellite images and results of field surveys.

РАБОТЫ СЕКТОРА АРХЕОЛОГИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ОХРАНЫ ОБЪЕКТОВ КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ АЛТАЙСКОГО КРАЯ В 2019-2020 ГОДАХ (РОССИЯ)

The article considers the main results of the work of the Archaeology Sector of the Department of State Supervision in the Department of State Protection of the Cultural Heritage of the Altai Region, created in 2019. The most important areas of activity of the Archaeology Sector within the framework ofthe transferred federal powers are systematic observation of objects of archaeological heritage, identification of damage because of illegal and unauthorized archaeological work and the implementation of measures for the preservation and protection of archaeological sites. As a result, an external visual inspection and photographic recording of892 objects of the archaeological heritage were conducted. Several facts of damage to objects of archaeological heritage because of illegal archaeological and unauthorized excavation have been established. The article highlights the work of the staff of the Archaeology Sector in the legal and practical sphere of the protection of cultural heritage in 2019-2020. Keywords: sector of archaeology, objects of cultural heritage, settlement, burial mound, cultural layer, ceramic vessel, archaeological items

К АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ КАРТЕ КУЛУНДИНСКОГО И РОМАНОВСКОГО РАЙОНОВ АЛТАЙСКОГО КРАЯ

Despite the long-term archaeological survey of the steppe Kulunda, by this time, far from all ancient monuments have been registered on this territory, even those distinctly expressed on the surface. There are many places where archaeological survey has not been carried out. But even in the well-developed territories of the region there are objects of archaeological heritage that are not reflected on the official maps of the territories and thus are practically not protected from damage and even complete destruction. As an example, the author publishes information about two burial mounds he examined in May 2020, located on the territory of the Kulundinsky and Romanovsky districts of the Altai region. Based on the observations obtained, it is concluded that in order to preserve the archaeological heritage of the region, it is necessary not only to fix all objects, but also to develop sets of protective documentation for each monument, as well as to conduct constant explanatory work among the local population. Keywords: Altai region, Kulundinsky district, Romanovsky district, objects of archaeological heritage, burial mounds, emergency condition, plowing

Результаты археологической разведки в зоне разработки Карачиякского каменноугольного месторождения в Новокузнецком районе Кемеровской области – Кузбасса в 2021 году

In June 2021, the Kuzbass team of the Department of Rescue Archaeological Work of the IAE SB RAS, together with employees of the Laboratory of Archeology of the Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of the SB RAS, carried out archaeological exploration as a part of the state historical and cultural expertise of the land plot intended for inclusion into development area of the Karachiyak coal deposit (The Korchakolsky and Korchakolsky Glubokyi sections) of the Kuznetskinveststroi Company in Novokuznetsk District of Kemerovo Region - Kuzbass. Presently, over thirty sites of archaeological heritage belonging to the Final Upper Paleolithic - Early Holocene are known in the Kondoma River basin. The land plot which was assigned for coal mining is located on the left bank of the KondomaRiver Valley around the village of Taylep; on the northern side it is bounded by the Taylep River and is closely adjacent to the Korchakol coal mine on the west. As a result of the works, 285 pits were made over a total area of546 sq. m, and five objects of archaeological heritage, preliminarily dated to the Final Upper Paleolithic - Early Holocene, were discovered. Thirty artifacts were found in archaeological pits, including cores, burins, scrapers, blade, spalls, flakes, and fragments. The raw materials of lithic industries at the Taylep 4-8 sites were pebbles, which widely appear in channel alluvium of the Kondoma River. According to its technical and typological features, the complex of lithic industry from the Taylep 4-8 sites forms a single cluster with the evidence from the Taylep 1 and 2 sites (lower cultural horizon) which were studied during the rescue archaeological excavations in 2020.

Применение фотограмметрии при проведении археологических исследований на территории Сибири (по результатам работ в 2018–2021 годах)

One of the means to preserve and study cultural heritage objects is aerial photography by unmanned aircrafts combined with a complex of photogrammetric techniques. The article provides data on 3D-modeling of the territories of various archaeological heritage objects located in the Ural and Siberian federal districts of the Russian Federation. The main goals of photogrammetry are visualization of the state of areas with such objects, analysis of relief elements of the modern surface, and documentation of archaeological excavations. The article concisely describes the chaine operatoire — operational and production chains of actions during archaeological field work — inspection and excavation and briefly describes the scientific results of photogrammetric work at the surveyed archaeological sites. In addition, the main disadvantages of the photogrammetry technique when using images taken by unmanned aircraft caused by the imperfections of the software and at times the unsatisfactory results of aerial photography are presented. With the help of three-dimensional modeling, we can create a visual 3D image of the territory of an archaeological site. Photogrammetry data were used in practice, both during field work (monitoring the technical condition of archaeological objects, determining the spatial characteristics of relief elements on the site), and in the process of writing various scientific reports (correcting elements of the topographic plan, planning measures to ensure the preservation of archaeological heritage objects; keeping records of a dig site and its sections, stratigraphic and planigraphic profiles, constructions, structures, etc.). The development of 3D-modeling technologies contributes to obtaining more precise information about the objects under study; currently it is one of the most reliable and simple ways to visualize cultural heritage objects.