Everyday Life Objects Research Articles

A destruição dos restos da destruição: Pompeia e Herculano no Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro

Belonging to the Teresa Cristina Collection, pieces from Pompeii and Herculaneum were part of the permanent exhibition at the National Museum when the institution was destroyed by a devastating fire in September 2018. Those material remains of Roman cities buried by Vesuvius in 79 CE - frescoes, bronze jewelry, amulets, glass, lamps, and other objects of everyday life - remained under thick layers of eruptive material for almost two thousand years. Rescued in successive archeological excavations throughout the 18th and 19th centuries and, finally, made into a museum, they returned to the ashes, this time from fire. The history of the formation of this collection is linked to the second reign by close political links. Thus, what we intend to do is look at the long trajectory of these pieces, seeking to examine the symbolic uses to which they were subject in nineteenth-century Rio de Janeiro.

From real-life to very strong axioms. Classification problems in Descriptive Set Theory and regularity properties in Generalized Descriptive Set Theory

AbstractThis thesis is divided into three parts, the first and second ones focused on combinatorics and classification problems on discrete and geometrical objects in the context of descriptive set theory, and the third one on generalized descriptive set theory at singular cardinals of countable cofinality.Descriptive Set Theory (briefly: DST) is the study of definable subsets of Polish spaces, i.e., separable completely metrizable spaces. One of the major branches of DST is Borel reducibility, successfully used in the last 30 years to solve and compare many classification problems. One of our goals is the classification of knots, very familiar and tangible objects in everyday life, which also play an important role in modern mathematics. The study of knots and their properties is known as knot theory. Our plan is to gain insight into knots using discrete objects, such as linear and circular orders. This approach was already exploited in [6]. The first part of this work is therefore devoted to countable linear orders and the study of the quasi-order of convex embeddability and its induced equivalence relation. We obtain both combinatorial and descriptive set-theoretic results. We also expand our research to the case of circular orders.Another objective of this first part is to extend the notion of convex embeddability on countable linear orders. We provide a family of quasi-orders of which embeddability is a particular case as well. We study these quasi-orders from a combinatorial point of view and analyse their complexity with respect to Borel reducibility. Furthermore, we extend the analysis of these quasi-orders to the set of uncountable linear orders.The second part of the project deals with classification problems on knots and $3$ -manifolds. The goal here is to apply the results obtained in the first part to the study of proper arcs and knots, establishing lower bounds for the complexity of some natural relations between these geometrical objects. We also obtain some combinatorial results which are particularly interesting when we restrict to the set of wild proper arcs and wild knots, classes which haven’t received much attention so far. These parts are included in the two preprints [4, 5] in collaboration with my supervisor Alberto Marcone, Luca Motto Ros (University of Torino), and Vadim Weinstein (University of Oulu).The second part of this work also includes the classification of non-compact $3$ -manifolds up to homeomorphism (the case of compact $3$ -manifolds has already been solved: indeed, there are only countably many $3$ -manifolds up to homeomorphism; see [7]), and that of Cantor sets of $\mathbb {R}^3$ up to conjugation (answering to Question 5.5 of [3]). Here we resort to algebraic tools. Stone duality gives a neat way to go back-and-forth between totally disconnected Polish spaces and countable Boolean algebras (see [1]). The main ingredient is the Stone space of all ultrafilters on a Boolean algebra. In this work we introduce a weaker concept which we call “blurry filter”. Using blurry filters instead of ultrafilters enables one to extend the class of spaces under consideration beyond totally disconnected. As an application of this method, we show that both homeomorphism on non-compact $3$ -manifolds and conjugation of Cantor sets in $\mathbb {R}^3$ are completely classifiable by countable structures. These results are part of an upcoming paper in collaboration with Vadim Weinstein.The last part of this thesis concerns the natural generalization of descriptive set theory that occurs when countable is replaced by uncountable, called Generalized Descriptive Set Theory (briefly: GDST). In particular, we focus on the case of GDST for a singular cardinal $\kappa $ of countable cofinality. The goal here is to study the generalizations of the Perfect Set Property and the Baire Property to subsets of spaces of higher cardinalities, like the power set $\mathcal {P}(\kappa )$ . We consider the question under which large cardinal hypotheses classes of definable subsets of these spaces possess such regularity properties, focusing on rank-into-rank axioms, like I2, and classes of sets definable by $\Sigma _1$ -formulas with parameters from various collections of sets. The obtained results are included in [2], a joint work with my co-supervisor Vincenzo Dimonte and Philipp Lücke (University of Hamburg).Abstract prepared by Martina IannellaE-mail: martina.iannella@tuwien.ac.at.URL: https://air.uniud.it/handle/11390/1262824.

Towards humanlike grasp in robotic hands: mechanical implementation of force synergies

In the field of robotic hands, finger force coordination is usually achieved by complex mechanical structures and control systems. This study presents the design of a novel transmission system inspired from the physiological concept of force synergies, aiming to simplify the control of multifingered robotic hands. To this end, we collected human finger force data during six isometric grasping tasks, and force synergies (i.e. the synergy weightings and the corresponding activation coefficients) were extracted from the concatenated force data to explore their potential for force modulation. We then implemented two force synergies with a cable-driven transmission mechanism consisting of two spring-loaded sliders and five V-shaped bars. Specifically, we used fixed synergy weightings to determine the stiffness of the compression springs, and the displacements of sliders were determined by time-varying activation coefficients. The derived transmission system was then used to drive a five-finger robotic hand named SYN hand. We also designed a motion encoder to selectively activate desired fingers, making it possible for two motors to empower a variety of hand postures. Experiments on the prototype demonstrate successful grasp of a wide range of objects in everyday life, and the finger force distribution of SYN hand can approximate that of human hand during six typical tasks. To our best knowledge, this study shows the first attempt to mechanically implement force synergies for finger force modulation in a robotic hand. In comparison to state-of-the-art robotic hands with similar functionality, the proposed hand can distribute humanlike force ratios on the fingers by simple position control, rather than resorting to additional force sensors or complex control strategies. The outcome of this study may provide alternatives for the design of novel anthropomorphic robotic hands, and thus show application prospects in the field of hand prostheses and exoskeletons.

MULTISENSORY PERCEPTION AND MULTIMODAL COMMUNICATION IN PRIMARY EDUCATION. EXPLORING THE AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE AND WAYS OF COMMUNICATION THE ‘BOX OF SENSES’

This study investigates the ways that children feel free to express themselves and communicate with others through their aesthetic development. Multisensory perception helps children to discover their senses and multimodal expression gives them ways and tools to communicate their emotions and ideas, in the way that they want or that they are able to. ‘Box of Senses’ is a collection of objects that each child makes on its own and through it, it has the opportunity to communicate the way he feels the world, within the community to which he belongs. Objects of everyday life reveal that sensory perception can recall memories, ideas, and emotions. But how do our senses interact with linguistic communication? What color is a word and what does a picture taste like? How do the image and writing work are combined together to describe the senses and ultimately communicate one’s experience? Can all these distinct fragments of our everyday sensory experience be narrated by a haiku poem?<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0603/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Force prediction in the cylindrical grip for a model of hand prosthesis

The aim of this paper is to present an analytical method of calculating forces acting on the thumb, index, middle finger, and metacarpal part of a hand prosthesis in a cylindrical grip. This prehension pattern represents a common operation of grabbing and manipulating everyday life objects. The design process assumed that such a prosthesis would have 5 fully operating fingers and 18 total degrees of freedom: three for each finger including the thumb, and another three for the wrist. The assumed load was 1 kg and the diameter equaled 70 mm, representing a water bottle. The method was based on analytical mechanics and as opposed to experiments or numerical methods does not require many resources. The calculations involved solving a system with seven unknown forces using an equilibrium equation for forces and moments in all three axes. The resulting equations were presented in a matrix form and solved using MATLAB software. The validation of the method with an experiment using FSR sensors and comparing it to other reports showed differences in index and middle finger involvement. However, the total sum of forces was similar, therefore it is reasoned that the grip can be performed and the prediction was accurate for the thumb and metacarpal. When using the model, the friction coefficient must be chosen with a safe margin as it influences the grip force. The presented method can be used for other models and designs by inserting their dimensions into the equations and solving them numerically to obtain forces useful in mechatronics design.

Kitchens of Dejima: Japanese Cookery and Dutch Sovereignty in Nineteenth-Century Miniatures

Abstract: Through an object-oriented history of Japanese foodways on the move, this article explores how a miniature kitchen diorama collected by Jan Cock Blomhoff in Nagasaki in the 1820s situated Japan within the Netherlands’ narrative of post-Napoleonic national sovereignty. Blomhoff’s kitchen blended a display of Japanese culinary craftsmanship—its tools, vessels, and utensils procured from Japanese artisans—with classical Dutch dollhouse design that evoked Golden Age domestic prosperity, a microcosm of a properly functioning state. Everyday life objects like Blomhoff’s kitchen became powerful symbols for continuity throughout the Netherlands’ era of national dissolution. Despite limited mobility outside Japan during the early modern period, representation of cooking and domestic life through miniaturized kitchen accouterments produced an insistent presence of Japanese foodways in the European imagination.

Учебникът по немски език на д-р Ботю Шанов в контекста на българската лингводидактология

Dr. Botyu Shanov's German textbook is a contribution to historical studies of foreign language teaching in Bulgaria; it provides important evidence reflecting to a considerable extent the major problems of Bulgarian linguistic didactology in the first half of the 20th century and it can be interpreted with regard to the goals of numerous studies in the vein of modern linguistic didactology. The textbook comprises 33 lesson units which introduce students to “traditional” elementary level topics: the classroom and objects in everyday school life, color terms, some character traits, clothing, numbers, etc. The textbook also provides a general overview of basic elements of German grammar in the form of short unit notes.

Adoperare il colore delle cose ad arte

In the 20th century avant-gardes there was a gradual decline using pictorial pigments. After the introduction of the duchampian ready-made, the colour rendering in works is given by everyday life objects that already possess the mimetic intent of pictorial yield. Thus, a wider colour performance can evoke a world. Painting progressive disappearance plays an indicative role about disappearance of art theme. But, far from disappearing, it relies on developing an alternative canon aided by technical reproducibility tools of images. Using ordinary items, often consumed by time, carefully recovered from their decline, is a conceptual operation reminiscent of the chiffonnier figure. The ordinary materials presence suggests the extension to a not only visual sphere, evoking an imaginary that no longer coincides with a linear narrative. This essay investigates the elements’ role taken from reality, as analogues of colour, in the system of image production.

Augmented Reality-based Educational Content Application Development

In this study, we developed an augmented reality-based educational application that can learn the relationship between life and mathematics by implementing objects in everyday life as a three-dimensional figure of an augmented reality environment. AR images can induce interest in math study to elementary school children, and children who have started learning three-dimensional figures can easily imagine the shape of figures in real life and provide development maps so that they can grasp the relationship between each development and three-dimensional figures. In addition, it is possible to efficiently learn mathematics through an augmented reality-based educational content providing apparatus and method. In this study, firstly literature study was conducted to understand overall understanding of education service and completed persona through survey methods such as in-depth interviews. The user’s goal was simple, easy to operate the app.

Everyday Life vs Art: Effects of Framing on the Mode of Object Interpretation

Everyday objects have often been used in contemporary art since Marcel Duchamp introduced the concept of the ready-made. However, it is not clear how everyday objects are perceived in art contexts in comparison to everyday contexts. We investigated how individuals interpret pairings of images of everyday objects as artworks and as objects in everyday life. In Study 1, we found that participants evaluated pairings of unrelated images of objects as fitting together more under the art condition compared to the everyday condition. In Study 2, using the thought-listing technique, we found that participants ascribed symbolic meanings to everyday objects more often under the art condition. In Study 3, we found that associating unrelated images of objects under the art condition primes cognitive access to symbolic meanings of visual scenes. Overall, the studies show that everyday objects are interpreted differently in an art context as compared to an everyday context.

Moving Objects: A Cultural History of Emotive Design

In his 1936 essay ‘La Crise de l’Objet’, André Breton identifies a volonté d’objectivisation; an unprecedented drive toward the concrete in contemporary art and science that underlies the surrealist endeavor to bring about ‘a total revolution of the object’.1 With reference to diverse artifacts displayed in the first Surrealist Exhibition of Objects,2 he elaborates on this new conception of the object and lists some of the strategies adopted by the surrealists to transcend an object’s ‘manifest life’ and liberate it from the ‘mad beast of conventional use [usage]’. Under such modes of engagement, Breton explains: […] this object, as complete as it is, reverts to an uninterrupted succession of latencies, not specifically bound to it and calling for its transformation. This object’s conventional value disappears behind its representational value and, by this means, brings to prominence its picturesque aspect, its evocative power3. In Moving Objects, Damon Taylor likewise identifies a notable tendency in our relationship to the material culture of everyday life, a particular understanding of domestic objects specifically, that is bringing about what he refers to as an ‘affective turn in design’ (p. 7). In this book, he assembles a compelling collection of objects under the banner of ‘emotive design’, artifacts that ‘operate in the realm of emotion for its own ends, because feeling is valuable in itself’ (p. 9). As with the objects considered by Breton, the emphasis is placed on their evocative power, and one of Taylor’s key aims is to examine the ways in which they are ‘manipulated [by designers] in an exploration of our emotional relationship to the physical matter of life’ (p. 10). By focusing his study on furniture and furnishings, the ‘intimate’ objects of everyday life that constitute ‘the landscape we inhabit’ (p. 10), he further aims to highlight ‘the affective space of the domestic as a site of expression and experimentation’ (pp. 11–12) and points toward its subversive potential.

A Format Compliant Encryption Method for 3D Objects Allowing Hierarchical Decryption

With the increasing popularity of 3D objects in industry and everyday life, 3D object security has become essential. While there exists methods for 3D selective encryption, where a clear 3D object is encrypted so that the result has the desired level of visual security, to our knowledge, no method exists for decrypting encrypted 3D objects hierarchically. In this paper, we are the first to propose propose a method which allows us to hierarchically decrypt an encrypted 3D object according to a generated ring of keys. This ring consists of a set of keys that allow a stronger or weaker decryption of the encrypted 3D object. Each hierarchically decrypted 3D object has a different visual security level, where the 3D object is more or less visually accessible. Based on a master key, these hierarchical keys are generated using our method during the encryption process. Our method is essential when it comes to preventing trade secrets from being leaked from within a company or by exterior attackers. It is also ecologically friendly and more secure than traditional selective encryption methods.

Scientific base of reusing of the cultural heritage asset

Currently, the process of growth and development of cities continues, including through the integrated development of already built-up areas, in connection with which there is a problem of intensification of the use of their territory. Objects of cultural heritage, as objects of everyday life of people of past historical epochs, occupy the most valuable territories in terms of urban planning. At the same time, a large number of cultural heritage sites are not included in the life of the city, because they are in an accident condition and have strict regulations for use and transformation. The article provides an example of an algorithm for working with an object of cultural heritage in order to adapt it for use as a social object in the conditions of complex development of the territory (renovation). The type of social object is determined taking into account the priority in the renovation conditions in two stages. At the first stage, taking into account the enlarged criteria, at the second - taking into account the regulatory technical requirements and technical characteristics of the object itself. As a result of the research work, the optimal type of use of the cultural heritage object (further– OCH) ” Estate Lapino - Spasskoye ”, XIX- beginning of.XX century.” in the city of Korolev, Moscow region in the conditions of complex development of the territory. Keywords: cultural heritage sites, renovation, social facilities, integrated development of the territory, historical and cultural potential.

Wood identification in objects of Bambuti people from the Congo in the collection of the Slovene ethnographic museum

The African collection of the Slovene Ethnographic Museum (SEM) in Ljubljana, Slovenia, holds objects of everyday life from the Bambuti people from the Ituri forest, in the northeastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The items were collected by the anthropologist Paul Joachim Schebesta, possibly during his expeditions around 1930. The objects containing wood were selected for wood identification by using microscopic wood identification, with the help of the InsideWood database and reference samples from the xylarium of the Royal Museum for Central Africa in Tervuren, Belgium. The investigated musical instrument, a wooden zither, was made of wood of Musanga cecropioides, the handle of the shield of Alstonia sp., the dagger and sheath of Autranella congolensis or another high density species of Sapotaceae, and the crossbow of Nauclea diderichii (bow) and Xylopia sp. (stock). Wood identification helped us to gain additional information on the origin, knowledge of wood, and time of the collection of objects in the Congo.

Textile One-Component Organic Electrochemical Sensor for Near-Body Applications.

The need for more efficient health services and the trend of a healthy lifestyle pushes the development of smart textiles. Since textiles have always been an object of everyday life, smart textiles promise an extensive user acceptance. Thereby, the manufacture of electrical components based on textile materials is of great interest for applications as biosensors. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are often used as biosensors for the detection of saline content, adrenaline, glucose, etc., in diverse body fluids. Textile-based OECTs are mostly prepared by combining a liquid electrolyte solution with two separate electro-active yarns that must be precisely arranged in a textile structure. Herein, on the other hand, a biosensor based on a textile single-component organic electrochemical transistor with a hardened electrolyte was developed by common textile technologies such as impregnation and laminating. Its working principle was demonstrated by showing that the herein-produced transistor functions similarly to a switch or an amplifier and that it is able to detect ionic analytes of a saline solution. These findings support the idea of using this new device layout of textile-based OECTs as biosensors in near-body applications, though future work must be carried out to ensure reproducibility and selectivity, and to achieve an increased level of textile integration.

Epigraphic Monuments of Chechnya (on the Example of Tombstones of the Middle of the 19th – the First Third of the 20th Century)

The article considers thirteen memorial gravestone stele-churts as epigraphic sources of Chechnya. The author's task is to introduce these sources into scientific circulation with the subsequent introduction of the revealed information into secondary historical research. The list of works devoted to epigraphic monuments of the Chechen Republic is considered; the weakness of the existing base on the topic under study and the need for a wider study of the surviving objects and their epitaphs are noted. The evolution of the burial culture is briefly noted, which is also expressed by the change of accompanying the deceased with objects of weapons, worship and everyday life to their display on the funeral tombstone. The role of cruciform tombstone in early Muslim single burials is noted according to those monuments that have survived to the 20–21th centuries. Translations of the epitaphs of the considered tombstone are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The results of the work show that Chechen churts (tombstones) are often used not only to depict texts of epitaphs dedicated to the buried, but also to reflect their genealogical tree, social status and memorable events. At this stage of the study, we can only talk about preliminary conclusions, which, however, allow us to conditionally divide the Chechen stelae-churts (in terms of functionality) into tombstones, border, memorial and cult ones. The review also reflects the need for a careful attitude to the cruciform tombstone of Chechnya, which do not always (and not necessarily) indicate the religious affiliation of the buried, although they may reflect the likely continuity and transitional "dual faith" during the period of Islamization of the region.

From kip to leather: revisiting the reconstruction of the traditional technology of material proc-essing among the Altai people (early 20th century)

Based on the analysis of literary and archival sources, all stages of hand currying of animal skins, represen-ting the full cycle of technological processes of their transformation into leather among the Northern and Southern Altaians, are reconstructed. The main materials about the work of the Altai tanners are drawn from the sources of the 1930s — the time when traditional leather currying was a mundane task in every family of cattle breeders or hunters. The main techniques of manual processing of hides and the basic stages of their transformation into leather are considered. The purposes and results of each stage of the technological process in the production of leather material are shown: preservation, soaking, grounding, dehairing, impregnation with special solutions for the purpose of fermentation, tanning, softening, and smoke-drying of the skin. Like other pastoral and hunting peoples, the Altaians sewed fur clothing and footwear, for which purpose they used a composition made from fermented crushed liver and brain of animals to loosen the “bakhtarma” (the reverse side of the skin) and pre-serve the hair on the skin. When currying sheepskin, the Teleuts, who were engaged in agriculture, used grain crops for the same purpose, preparing liquid dough for impregnation and tanning of the skin. Following the curry-ing, the hide (skin) was smoke-dried. Soaked in fat and smoked skin did not harden in the rain and snow, and in summer its smell repelled mosquitoes and parasites. The result of laborious and time-consuming operations car-ried out by the ancient Altai tanners was the mastery of the technique of producing rawhide and tanned leather, as well as the manufacture of suede, which were used for the production of traditional clothing, footwear, objects of worship (shamanic drums) and everyday life. The southern Altaians even in the first third of the last century preserved the ancient tradition of sheepskin softening by fingernails. Women used their teeth to soften tough raw-hide. One of the wooden implements for leather softening — edrek (Rus.: myalka), widely used in the cultures of nomads of the steppes and taiga, — still existed, according to the findings of archaeologists, among the early nomads of the Hunno-Sarmatian epoch (2nd c. BC — 5th c. AD). The results obtained by the study can be used to popularize the knowledge about environmentally friendly technological methods in the production of leather and peculiarities of local Altai traditions in the manufacture of hides by hand.

Cats learn the names of their friend cats in their daily lives

Humans communicate with each other through language, which enables us talk about things beyond time and space. Do non-human animals learn to associate human speech with specific objects in everyday life? We examined whether cats matched familiar cats’ names and faces (Exp.1) and human family members’ names and faces (Exp.2). Cats were presented with a photo of the familiar cat’s face on a laptop monitor after hearing the same cat’s name or another cat’s name called by the subject cat’s owner (Exp.1) or an experimenter (Exp.2). Half of the trials were in a congruent condition where the name and face matched, and half were in an incongruent (mismatch) condition. Results of Exp.1 showed that household cats paid attention to the monitor for longer in the incongruent condition, suggesting an expectancy violation effect; however, café cats did not. In Exp.2, cats living in larger human families were found to look at the monitor for increasingly longer durations in the incongruent condition. Furthermore, this tendency was stronger among cats that had lived with their human family for a longer time, although we could not rule out an effect of age. This study provides evidence that cats link a companion's name and corresponding face without explicit training.

Empires of Antiquities: Modernity and the Rediscovery of the Ancient Near East, 1914–1950

Empires of Antiquities: Modernity and the Rediscovery of the Ancient Near East, 1914–1950

Teknologi Baru Pada Pendidikan Tinggi Menuju Revolusi Industri 4.0: Studi Kasus Indonesia dan Malaysia

IoT with E-learning is intended to support data collection from devices and share to other devices in use for effective E-learning applications from Smart Campus. This study aims to conduct studies related to online learning models by utilizing Internet of Everything (IoE) technology to support Revolution 4.0. This study aims to support the latest communication paradigm in which the objects of everyday life will be equipped with a series of appropriate protocols and enable them to communicate well with each other as part of the internet. IoE will help improve learning by leveraging the large subject data generated by these objects to provide dynamic services to educators, learners, and even content developers. Using qualitative research methods This research uses a questionnaire to find out the views and assessments of the community in this case online learners regarding online learning as one of the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic and produces an online learning model that is supported by an integrated system between learning media such as LMS and devices. others use IoE. The results of this study support the implementation of Smart campuses that allow the use of IoE methodologies to make them always ready in certain network areas.