Management Objectives Research Articles

РАЗРАБОТКА СТРАТЕГИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЖИЗНЕННЫМ ЦИКЛОМ ПРОДУКЦИИ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ МЕТОДА АНАЛИЗА ВЗАИМОСВЯЗАННЫХ ОБЛАСТЕЙ РЕШЕНИЯ

Introduction. The materials of the article are devoted to the consideration of the complex process of strategic management of the life cycle of high-tech products, in which one of the main problems is the implementation of a single strategy. The basis for the formation of a modern strategy for managing the life cycle of high-tech products is the combination of management decisions of a functional nature in such a way as to eliminate contradictions and take into account their compliance with performance criteria. To solve the problem of compatibility of strategic solutions in the work, the method of analysis of interrelated decision areas (AIDA) was proposed and tested. Materials and Methods. The article examines the theoretical foundations of strategic management, pays special attention to the levels of strategic decision-making from international and national to local. The article proposes a modified strategic management matrix that expands the levels of development and implementation of strategic decisions and the associated objects of life cycle management of high-tech products, allowing you to form a theoretical and practical basis for an overall strategy. The integrated process of managing the life cycle of high-tech products from the perspective of developing a management strategy includes interconnected management solutions from key functional areas and business processes, their classification is reflected in the presented scientific article. In order to analyze the compatibility of strategic management decisions that form a single strategy for managing the life cycle of high-tech products, a method for studying interrelated decision areas (AIDA) has been proposed. Developed in 1986 and further tested in various fields, the method eliminated incompatible design solutions in the life cycle management strategy, choosing the most optimal ones according to the criteria of efficiency, competitiveness and optimization of the development-production cycle time. Results. Based on the results of the analysis, an optimal combination of strategic solutions of a functional level was formed, which reflects modern trends in the development of innovative production systems that face the need to reduce the risks of an informational, financial and investment nature by organizing an end-to-end pull-out material and information logistics flow, and introducing partner personnel management programs in long term. Discussion and Conclusions. The results of the study can form the basis of the methodology for developing a strategy for managing the life cycle of high-tech products at the regional, national and international levels.

Novel Use of a Simulation in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Sick-Day Education for Patients and Caregivers

OBJECTIVE Management of type 1 diabetes during illness confers risk for serious harm because sick days happen infrequently, management is complex and multistep, and errors can result in diabetic ketoacidosis and hospitalization. Simulation offers a safe, experiential learning environment in which to practice skills with the goal of identifying and closing knowledge gaps. We hypothesized that simulation of sick-day scenarios with patients and caregivers via video conference could be used to assess knowledge of sick-day management for type 1 diabetes and determine the availability of necessary supplies at home. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Our study included development of performance-based, scripted sick-day scenarios; selection and training of content experts as simulation facilitators; piloting and iterative revision of scenarios; and implementation of simulation sessions. Five distinct scenarios were created for either insulin injections or continuous insulin pump therapy. Each participant was block randomized to receive three of the five scenarios. Participant performance was measured by categorizing actions as most desired, less desired, or incorrect. RESULTS Ten caregivers and two young adults with type 1 diabetes participated in 12 simulations, representing 14 individuals with type 1 diabetes. The most common category of less desired and incorrect processes chosen by participants was ketone management. CONCLUSION Simulation-based training for sick-day management is a feasible, interactive form of education for people with type 1 diabetes and caregivers. Video conferences allowed firsthand observation of supplies and resources available to families at home. Participant understanding of sick-day management will inform future interventions to address challenges with ketone management and recognition of diabetes technology issues when caring for an ill child with type 1 diabetes.

Study of a Power Supply System Operation Based on Methane Generator Supported by an Energy Storage System, to Cover High Fluctuation Electrical Loads: Greenhouse Case Study

The operation of a greenhouse requires the consumption of high amounts of energy. The problem is strengthened by the energy crisis that characterizes our days. This article studies an energy management strategy based on the utilization of methane generators (MG) for energy saving in greenhouses. The management strategy includes covering the energy needs of a greenhouse unit (GHU) by directly injecting the energy produced by the generator units. If the energy produced from MG cannot meet the energy needs of the GHU, an energy storage system (ESS) or a backup (in case ESS is unavailable) is used to support the load, covering the gap between production and consumption. In case of excess energy, priority is given to charging the ESS, and the possible presence of excess energy is led to the network. The main objective of energy management is the optimal design of the MG-ESS system to minimize the possibility of energy excess and deficit. The analysis presented is based on actual GHU energy demand. The special feature of this load is the existence of strong daily fluctuations in energy consumption, especially during the summer months. This study presents a methodology for managing such loads with the main objective of maximizing the operating efficiency of MG. Briefly, this article brings a new look to the existing literature in the following areas: (I) a methodology for the efficient operation of methane generators in combination with ESS to cover both mild and intense power fluctuations has been developed, (II) The mapping of the load profile and its division into zones of different power levels providing the possibility of choosing different sizes of generators that will operate at their optimal power has been achieved and (III) a techno-economically optimal ESS to support the generators in meeting load needs and absorbing excess energy has been designed. The analysis based on the use of three different MGs in the three mapped load zones that will operate at constant power due to their support by an ESS led to the identification of the appropriate combination of MG-ESS for the autonomous operation of the GHU. The preliminary economic evaluation of the optimal MG-ESS combination based on LCOE showed that the proposed system (LCOE = 0.216 – 0.279) is competitive with the existing system (LCOE = 0.392) responsible for covering the load’s energy demand.

Comparing voluntary and government-mandated management measures for meeting sustainable fishing targets.

Management of natural resources and environmental systems has often involved top-down approaches in which government agencies set and enforce regulations on extractive activities. More recently, market-driven approaches were introduced to incentivise producers to voluntarily engage in practices that align with management objectives and support regulations. For the first time, we compare government and voluntary approaches within fisheries management systems and quantify their relative influences on the sustainability status of fish populations. Voluntary measures include eco-certification against the Marine Stewardship Council's (MSC) Fisheries Standard and Fishery Improvement Projects (FIP). Government-mandated measures are implemented for individual populations, or else at national and international levels. Using a hierarchical time series analysis, we treated each of these measures as independent interventions potentially affecting trends in fishing pressure and biomass of nearly 300 populations. Supporting earlier findings, we confirmed a strong effect of government rebuilding plans in sharply reducing fishing pressure and allowing population biomass to recover. Other government-mandated measures further contributed to reducing fishing pressure. While simultaneously accounting for government measures, we found that biomass increases were associated with stronger incentives generated by voluntary measures. This influence was attributed to the opening of conditions of certification or suspension of certification for MSC fisheries, while no clear influence was attributed to FIPs. MSC certification was rarely observed in the absence of strong government-mandated measures, however, suggesting that sustainability-related incentives associated with voluntary measures can promote more desirable environmental outcomes for target stocks if used in parallel with more conventional approaches to management of natural resources.

A citizen science platform to sample beehive sounds for monitoring ANSP.

Honey bees usually produce particular sound when they are exposed to air pollution. Based on this principle, we create a citizen science platform to monitor Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution (ANSP) based on beehive sounds. Here we show the basic functions of the platform, and illustrate its workflow: sampling and uploading data by beekeepers, automated detection of target compounds from beehive sound recordings, and the outcome of which can be analysed with respect to the motivating management objective. With such a comprehensive platform for moving from raw data collection to analysis, ANSP monitoring programs will be greatly improved in to systematically characterize ecological processes and inform management decisions. Future endeavors will concentrate on fostering collaboration between public participants and scientists to facilitate automated detection of target compounds.

Potential for Augmenting Water Yield by Restoring Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris) Forests in the Southeastern United States

AbstractOver 95% of original longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) (LLP) forests have been converted to other land uses, including loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) (LOP), croplands, urban uses during the past two centuries in the southeastern United States (U.S.) for socioeconomic developments. Restoring the LLP forests represents a contemporary forest management objective to improve wildlife habitat, water yield, and overall ecosystem services and resilience to a changing climate. Given the importance of understanding ecohydrological processes for guiding restoration efforts, this study compared evapotranspiration (ET) measurements at eight eddy covariance flux sites dominated by LLP or LOP forests in the southeastern U.S. In addition, we developed a “paired stands” approach to compare remote sensing based ET estimates and associated site biophysical properties for approximately 1,600 LLP‐LOP pairs. We found significant differences in ET, ET/Precipitation ratio, and water yield/precipitation ratio between the two types of pine forests, and these differences are explained by surface properties and management histories. Compared to LOP, the LLP forests generally had lower ET due to their significantly (p < 0.05) lower leaf area index but higher land surface temperature and albedo. Regionally, forest ET differences increased with the increase in atmospheric dryness index (reference ET/precipitation ratio). Therefore, we conclude that large‐scale restoration of LLP forests has the potential to reduce ET and augment water yield in the long run, especially in relatively drier watersheds. Maintaining low stand tree density and understory leaf area characteristic of natural LLP ecosystems through active forest management is critical for enhancing forest water supply. Our study provides the scientific basis for large scale restoration of a diminishing ecosystem for benefiting water resources in the southeastern U.S.

Trends and Gaps in Prescribed Burning Research.

Prescribed burning is a key tool in land management globally used to reduce wildfire risks and achieve ecological, cultural and resource management objectives across both natural and human systems. Despite its widespread application, research on prescribed burning is marked by significant gaps. Subsequently, we posed the following research questions: (1) What are the key research topics that define international, peer-reviewed literature on prescribed burning? (2) What are the temporal and spatial trends of these topics? (3) What are the relationships between the national income of a given country and the trends in research topics? And, (4) What are the most salient knowledge gaps in peer-reviewed prescribed burning research, and how can they be addressed? We used structural topic modelling and geoparsing to conduct a detailed text analysis of 7878 peer-reviewed articles on prescribed burning. We revealed that research on prescribed burning is dominated by studies from high-income countries, particularly the United States. This highlights a geographical bias that may skew global understanding and application of prescribed burning practices. Our topic modelling revealed the most prevalent topics to be Fire Regimes and Landscape Biodiversity Management, whilst topics such as Air Pollution & Health, and Wildfire Risk Management gained prominence in recent years. Our analysis highlighted a disconnect between forestry-related research and broader landscape management topics. This finding emphasises the need for more interdisciplinary research, and research on the use and effects of prescribed burning in diverse ecosystems and underrepresented regions, particularly in the context of climate change.

Impact of Obesity With Chronic Hypertension In Pregnancy Age 35 Years

Background: The incidence of pregnancy with obesity in Indonesia reaches 21.8%. This can be more serious, if the pregnant woman is too old (≥ 35 years) then there will be more complications for the mother and fetus. Method: data collection by interviews and field observations. This case study was written based on objective documentation, analysis, and management. Results: Based on a case study conducted on two pregnant women aged 36 and 38 weeks, 35 years old with obesity and old age. The impact of obesity found is chronic hypertension which will reduce the supply of oxygen and food from the mother to the baby so that the fetus is diagnosed with suspected Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) and Low Birth Weight (BBLR). The mother is categorized as level II obese so the fetus's weight does not match the gestational age. To prevent complications for the mother and baby, delivery is carried out by cesarean section (SC). The mother's baby is a High Social Value Baby (HSVB). Contraception The IUD is inserted directly after delivery. Conclusion: Care provided by midwives is appropriate during pregnancy. So that early detection of risk factors can be minimized to prevent possible complications. Keywords : Obesity, Pregnancy, Old age, Chronic Hypertension

Coexisting with large carnivores based on the Volterra principle.

Coexistence with large carnivores represents one of the world's highest profile conservation challenges. Ecologists have identified ecological benefits derived from large carnivores (and large herbivores), yet livestock depredation, perceived competition for shared game, risks to pets and humans, and social conflicts often lead to demands for reduction of predator numbers from a range of stakeholder groups. Nearly 100years ago, Vito Volterra predicted that increased mortality on both prey and predators results in increased abundance of prey and decreased abundance of predators. This principle appears to be robust and often consistent with the objectives of wildlife management. Although seldom recognized, and rarely tested in the field, the Volterra principle is a fundamental outcome of ecological theory with important implications for conservation.

Land sharing, land sparing, and Triad forestry: modeling forest composition, diversity, and carbon storage under climate change and natural disturbances

ContextForests are vital renewable resources for timber, while also serving as carbon reservoirs and habitats for many terrestrial species. However, there are tradeoffs between timber production and other ecosystem services, such as carbon storage and biodiversity, highlighting the need for new management strategies that more effectively balance these tradeoffs. This case study models the effectiveness of four such strategies, based on a newly proposed management plan for a state forest in coastal Oregon.ObjectivesWe tested the effectiveness of four landscape-scale forest management strategies designed to minimize tradeoffs between timber production, carbon storage, and biodiversity. These strategies include land sparing (spatially separating timber production from conservation), land sharing (integrating timber production with conservation), and two variants of Triad management (dividing forests into intensive, extensive, and reserve areas). This study assesses the long-term impacts of these strategies on timber production, tree and shrub diversity, and carbon storage, while also evaluating how natural disturbances (i.e. wind and fire) and climate change could affect their relative benefits.MethodsWe used the spatially interactive, raster-based forest landscape model, LANDIS-II, to simulate forest succession, management, windthrow, and wildfire under a range of potential climate futures from 2016 until 2100.ResultsOur results demonstrate that while all management strategies ensured sustainable timber production, land sharing promoted the highest occupancy, Shannon diversity index, and biomass of key early and mid-successional tree and shrub species identified by managers for their conservation value. In contrast, Triad management and land sparing tended to maximize carbon storage. Under extreme climate projections, carbon storage was equally compromised across all management strategies and there was a further shift towards Douglas-fir dominance.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this study represents the first modelled comparison of land sharing, land sparing, and Triad management under climate change and natural disturbance regimes. Management strategies differed in their provisioning of carbon, diversity, and plant biomass, and while the relative differences between these benefits remained consistent, all outcomes were negatively affected by climate change. We demonstrate the use of LANDIS-II in strategic forest planning and highlight the necessity of using spatial models for informed decision-making to simultaneously achieve multiple forest management objectives under climate change and disturbances.

Ivermectin and Neem residues in cattle dung: Effects on dung beetle attraction and ecological functions in Brazilian pastures

AbstractIdentification of veterinary medical products carrying reduced risks to dung beetles remains a critical objective for the sustainable management of livestock parasites. Despite the essential role dung beetles play in tropical pasturelands, our understanding of the impact of alternative parasiticides, such as Neem plant extract, on dung beetle attraction and dung use is still limited. This study assessed the effects of dung from cattle exposed to Ivermectin (known to be harmful to dung beetles), Neem, and non‐exposed animals (control) on dung beetle assemblage and their ecological functions (dung removal and soil bioturbation), in introduced and native pastures in the Brazilian Cerrado. Our findings revealed similar patterns of dung beetle attraction to Ivermectin, Neem, and control dung in introduced pastures. However, in native pastures, dung beetles exhibited greater attraction to dung from Ivermectin and Neem‐treated cattle compared with the control. Telecoprid beetles displayed an increased attraction to Neem‐treated dung in native pastures, with two species demonstrating a preference for this dung type. Ecological function performance was higher in Neem‐treated dung compared with control, yet no significant difference was noted between Neem and Ivermectin in both pasture types. These results underscore the compelling attractiveness of cattle dung from Neem‐treated animals to dung beetles, concurrently ensuring the preservation of dung beetle ecological functions in both pasture settings. This highlights the need for a rigorous evaluation of novel protocols incorporating natural parasiticides, which emerge as important tools in the conservation of dung beetle biodiversity and their ecological functions in tropical pasturelands.

Large-scale and long-term wildlife research and monitoring using camera traps: a continental synthesis.

Camera traps are widely used in wildlife research and monitoring, so it is imperative to understand their strengths, limitations, and potential for increasing impact. We investigated a decade of use of wildlife cameras (2012-2022) with a case study on Australian terrestrial vertebrates using a multifaceted approach. We (i) synthesised information from a literature review; (ii) conducted an online questionnaire of 132 professionals; (iii) hosted an in-person workshop of 28 leading experts representing academia, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and government; and (iv) mapped camera trap usage based on all sources. We predicted that the last decade would have shown: (i) exponentially increasing sampling effort, a continuation of camera usage trends up to 2012; (ii) analytics to have shifted from naive presence/absence and capture rates towards hierarchical modelling that accounts for imperfect detection, thereby improving the quality of outputs and inferences on occupancy, abundance, and density; and (iii) broader research scales in terms of multi-species, multi-site and multi-year studies. However, the results showed that the sampling effort has reached a plateau, with publication rates increasing only modestly. Users reported reaching a saturation point in terms of images that could be processed by humans and time for complex analyses and academic writing. There were strong taxonomic and geographic biases towards medium-large mammals (>500 g) in forests along Australia's southeastern coastlines, reflecting proximity to major cities. Regarding analytical choices, bias-prone indices still accounted for ~50% of outputs and this was consistent across user groups. Multi-species, multi-site and multiple-year studies were rare, largely driven by hesitancy around collaboration and data sharing. There is no widely used repository for wildlife camera images and the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) is the dominant repository for sharing tabular occurrence records. However, the ALA is presence-only and thus is unsuitable for creating detection histories with absences, inhibiting hierarchical modelling. Workshop discussions identified a pressing need for collaboration to enhance the efficiency, quality and scale of research and management outcomes, leading to the proposal of a Wildlife Observatory of Australia (WildObs). To encourage data standards and sharing, WildObs should (i) promote a metadata collection app; (ii) create a tagged image repository to facilitate artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) computer vision research in this space; (iii) address the image identification bottleneck via the use of AI/ML-powered image-processing platforms; (iv) create data commons for detection histories that are suitable for hierarchical modelling; and (v) provide capacity building and tools for hierarchical modelling. Our review highlights that while Australia's investments in monitoring biodiversity with cameras position it to be a global leader in this context, realising that potential requires a paradigm shift towards best practices for collecting, curating, sharing and analysing 'Big Data'. Our findings and framework have broad applicability outside Australia to enhance camera usage to meet conservation and management objectives ranging from local to global scales. This review articulates a country/continental observatory approach that is also suitable for international collaborative wildlife research networks.

ФІНАНСОВІ ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ЯК ВАЖЛИВА ДОМІНАНТА ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ІНКЛЮЗИВНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД

Introduction. In the context of the latest transformational challenges, the problem of ensuring inclusive development of territorial communities is becoming increasingly relevant, and it is advisable to develop innovative approaches to the use of financial instruments in managing socio-economic development at the local level. The purpose of the article is to develop the conceptual framework for the use of financial instruments by public authorities as a means of management to ensure the inclusive development of territorial communities. Methods. The methodology of the study is based on the use of dialectical and process approaches, methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis - when considering the content and specification of the essence of the concept of “inclusive development of territorial communities” and determining the imperative of this type of socio-economic development; structural and functional approach and methods of theoretical generalization, scientific abstraction, systematization, argumentation - to develop a conceptual model of the use of financial instruments as a dominant factor in ensuring inclusive development of territorial communities. Results. Based on the generalization of scientific views and the use of the process approach, the author's own definition of the concept of “inclusive development of territorial communities” is formed. The study of the key aspects of the concepts of inclusive development, barrier-free, integrated and sustainable development, and current global challenges and threats made it possible to outline the imperatives of inclusive development of territorial communities that should be taken into account by public authorities when choosing financial instruments. The use of the structural-functional approach made it possible to consider financial instruments for the inclusive development of territorial communities as a means of managing socio-economic phenomena and processes, which result in the implementation of the principles of financial policy aimed at the inclusive development of territorial communities. The article reveals the dualistic nature of the impact of financial instruments for inclusive development of territorial communities on the object of management from the standpoint of their provisioning, allocative and regulatory effects. Conclusions. Financial instruments are an important dominant of the inclusive development of territorial communities. It is through the dualistic nature of their impact on the object of management, taking into account the imperative of inclusive development, the priorities of the State regional policy and strategies for the development of territorial communities, that the goal of managing socio-economic development at the local level is achieved.

Influence of Financial Management Accountability and The Spirituality of Pastoral Services In the Parishes of The Tomohon Victory Towards The Achievement of Pastoral Work

The Manado Diocese Catholic Church implements a Church financial management system within the framework of transparent, objective and responsible financial management. In this context, it is necessary to involve lay pastoral staff who are considered capable and competent and have a high spirituality of service in order to realize the pastoral works of the Manado Diocese Church. This research aims to examine the phenomenon of the influence of accountability in parish financial management and the spirituality of pastoral servants in the context of achieving pastoral work. This research was conducted in all churches or parishes in the Kevikepan Tomohon area by taking 95 samples from 133 populations. The research method used is a quantitative research method with a survey approach. Through this method, researchers want to test hypotheses and at the same time explain the relationship between variables. The data analysis process uses the application of correlation statistics and multiple regression test to analyze the influence between variables and measure the level of relationship between each variable studied. The research results show that: First, there is a significant and linear influence between Financial Management Accountability and Pastoral Work Achievement, meaning that if Financial Management Accountability is implemented well and appropriately it will increase Pastoral Work Achievement in the Tomohon Kevikepan Parishes. Second, there is a relationship between the Spirituality of Pastoral Servants and the Achievement of Pastoral Work. This means that if the Spirituality of Pastoral Servants is interpreted well and effectively, then this will have the effect of increasing the Achievement of Pastoral Work in Tomohon Kevikepan Parishes. Third, the results of hypothesis testing and multiple correlation and multiple regression analysis prove that there is an influence between Financial Management Accountability and Pastoral Servant Spirituality together on Pastoral Work Achievement. Furthermore, it can be concluded that an accountable financial management model supported by the spirituality of pastoral servants can increase the achievement of pastoral work in parishes.

A high‐altitude thermal infrared method for estimating moose abundance and demography in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA

Resource managers require accurate estimates of large herbivore abundance and demography to maintain ecological integrity. Common methods to count these species, including observations from low altitude helicopter flights, may conflict with other protected area management objectives and struggle to produce precise estimates for more cryptic species. To address these issues, we evaluated thermal infrared (TIR) assisted counts of Shiras moose Alces alces shirasi in a temperate montane ecosystem of Colorado, USA. We binned the 694.7 km2 study area into two strata, depicting higher and lower moose habitat suitability. Sixty transects (each 536 m wide by 5 km long) were randomly selected and flown from fixed wing aircraft flying at altitudes centered around ~ 610 m (2000 ft) above ground level (AGL) in July 2019 and again in July 2020. We determined abundance and demographic information using double‐observer line distance sampling with estimates produced using n‐mixture models. Detection probability of groups on the line, and of individuals within a group, conditional on the group being observed, were high. Mean moose density estimates across the study area were consistent from year to year, with reasonable confidence. We estimated 0.215 moose km‐2 (HDI 0.145, 0.286) in 2019 and 0.207 moose km‐2 (HDI 0.144, 0.276) in 2020. Within‐stratum estimates varied from year to year, likely an effect of the definition of suitable habitat and transect classifcation. Estimated ratios of bulls per cow and calves per cow fell within expected ranges for Shiras moose in Colorado but did vary across years. Thermal clutter created some impacts to TIR video quality. Our study indicates that this approach can reliably estimate moose densities in forested and topographically complex environments, while maintaining greater aircraft altitude above ground level when compared with traditional aerial survey methods. This reduced disturbance to wildlife, impacts to wilderness and improved aviator and aircraft passenger safety.

Development of Internal Quality Audit Information System with Personal Extreme Programming (PXP) Approach

Internal Quality Audit (IQA) is an important process to ensure the quality of implementation of activities in educational institutions in accordance with established standards. However, the implementation of IQA that is still carried out manually or semi-digitally can hamper the effectiveness, efficiency, and accuracy in data management and reporting of audit results. Therefore, an information system is needed that can support the audit process in a more systematic and integrated manner. This research examines the development of an internal quality audit system using the Personal Extreme Programming (PXP) approach that is carried out iteratively. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the system developed through four iterations, each of which focused on developing key features such as user management, document management, audit process, and assessment. The PXP methodology was applied to provide flexibility in responding to user feedback, with each iteration resulting in rapid improvements and adjustments according to emerging needs. The results showed that the developed system met the audit management objectives with high functionality, ease of use, and improved efficiency at each iteration. In addition, this iterative approach allows the system to be more responsive to changing user needs compared to conventional development methods. Overall, this research supports the use of PXP as an effective methodology in the development of internal quality audit systems, demonstrating that it can produce solutions that are adaptive, efficient, and suited to user needs.

The role and place of federal state unitary enterprises in the sphere of state property management.

The article is devoted to the problem of the organization of professional management of objects of the treasury of the Russian Federation in the light of the goals and objectives defined by the State Program “Federal Property Management” approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, in terms of securing property on the right of economic management for federal state unitary enterprises (FSUE) under the jurisdiction of the Federal Agency for State Property Management (Rosimushchestvo), in order to maintain the objects in proper condition technical condition, commercial use, reduction of facilities, not involved in economic turnover, replenishment of the federal budget. The purpose of the work is to propose ways to organize a management mechanism at the federal level aimed at using extra-budgetary mechanisms for maintaining federally owned facilities or properties and involving them in economic turnover with the involvement of commercial organisations —FGUP. The proposed ways and methods of management may allow using a more flexible mechanism for the extra-budgetary maintenance of federally owned real estate objects, their commercial use, involvement in economic turnover, with the transfer of part of the income received to the federal budget or their use for the purchase of both real estate objects for state needs based on a decision of the Government of the Russian Federation and movable property with subsequent transfer to the Treasury of the Russian Federation.

Minimally invasive management of cervical spondylodiscitis. A multicenter experience.

The urgent etiological diagnosis represents the main management objective of cervical spondylodiscitis (CSD) to start as soon as possible antibiotic treatment to prevent neurological deterioration. The present study aimed to evaluate a multicenter experience implementing a minimally invasive surgical approach (MISA) to manage CSD such pathology vs the most complex and aggressive surgical strategies currently used.This retrospective multicenter study used a database of 70 patients from five European neurosurgical centers. Patients with primary CSD underwent MISA via a limited funnel shaped cervical microdiscectomy with 4-mm anterior and 6-mm posterior longitudinal ligaments incision, PUS drainage, and extensive washing of the interbody and epidural space without fusion. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical, imaging, laboratory, and perioperative histopathology and bacteriology.Of the 70 patients, 41 were men (58,5%), with an average age of 47.67years. Severe neck pain affected 45 patients, while 51 had single-level cervical spondylodiscitis, 14 had double-level, and 5 had triple-level involvement. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 49 cases. Each patient received a mean of three months of antibiotics. Inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein) were moderate for four weeks, then normalized by 8-12weeks, except in one recurrence. After an average 48-month follow-up, all patients fully recovered without neurological deficit, spinal instability, or kyphotic deformity. Radiological exams confirmed bony fusion, with no recurrences of infection. MISA treatment offers a valuable, stable, and less invasive option for treating CSD, effectively identifying causative microorganisms and decompressing the spinal cord, leading to excellent patient outcomes.

Application of urinary peptide-biomarkers in trauma patients as a predictive tool for prognostic assessment, treatment and intervention timing

Treatment of severely injured patients represents a major challenge, in part due to the unpredictable risk of major adverse events, including death. Preemptive personalized treatment aimed at preventing these events is a crucial objective of patient management; however, the currently available scoring systems provide only moderate guidance. Biomarkers from proteomics/peptidomics studies hold promise for improving the current situation, ultimately enabling precision medicine based on individual molecular profiles. To test the hypothesis that peptide biomarkers could predict patient outcomes in severely injured patients, we initiated a pilot study involving consecutive urine sampling (on days 0, 2, 5, 10, and 14) and subsequent peptidome analysis using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) of 14 severely injured patients and two additional intensive care unit patients. The urine peptidomes of these patients were compared to those of age- and sex-matched controls. Moreover, previously established urinary peptide-based classifiers, CKD273, AKI204, and Cov50, were applied to the obtained peptidome data, and the association of the classifier’s scores with a combined endpoint (death and/or kidney failure and/or respiratory insufficiency) was investigated. CE-MS peptidome analysis identified 191 significantly altered peptides in severely injured patients. A consistent increase in the abundance of peptides from A1AT, AHSG, and HBA1 was observed, while peptides derived from PIGR and UROM were consistently decreased. Most of the significant peptides (adjusted p < 0.05) were from COL1A1, and most were reduced in abundance. Two of the previously defined and validated peptidomic classifiers, CKD273 and AKI204, showed significant associations with the combined endpoint, which was not observed for the routine scores generally applied in the clinics. This prospective pilot study confirmed the hypothesis that urinary peptides provide information on patient outcomes and may guide personalized interventions in severely injured patients based on individual molecular changes. The results obtained allow the planning of a well-powered prospective trial investigating the value of urinary peptides in this context in more detail.

Board governance and ownership structure as mechanisms to oversight earnings management: Insights from an emerging market

This paper investigates the effectiveness of board governance and ownership structures as mechanisms to mitigate earnings management in Palestinian non-financial firms. By analyzing the relationship between board effectiveness and ownership structure on earnings management across 27 companies listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange (PEX) from 2018 to 2022, the study employs multiple regression analysis to derive its findings. The study concludes that Palestinian non-financial companies participate in earnings management, often shaping financial statements to align with management objectives. Family ownership is identified as the most significant factor in reducing earnings management, as higher family ownership typically involves more oversight of management behavior. Board independence also plays a key role, as independent directors effectively monitor executive activities, enhancing performance. Companies audited by the Big Four experience less earnings management due to the quality audit services provided by these firms. Based on these findings, several recommendations are proposed: companies should increase board independence with a higher proportion of independent directors, reduce board size for improved communication, and ensure productive board meetings through structured agendas. Policies supporting family ownership structures and encouraging institutional investor involvement in governance could further enhance transparency. Additionally, engaging high-quality audit firms should be a priority due to their association with lower earnings management. Future research could explore cross-country comparisons, longitudinal studies on governance changes, sector-specific analyses, and qualitative studies on the motivations behind earnings management practices, providing deeper insights into the relationship between corporate governance and earnings management.