Objects In World Research Articles

Context-Sensitive Augmented Reality Assistance in the Cockpit

Synthetic vision on head-mounted displays (HMDs) has developed into an increasingly common type of assistance for pilots, both in commercial and in general aviation. As synthetic vision only augments the view on objects in the outside world, there is untapped potential to extend the use of HMDs to assisting pilots with augmented reality (AR) inside of the cockpit. We present two in-cockpit AR assistance designs for in-flight emergency assistance in a simulator study with fifteen licensed pilots. The two AR assistances were designed to be sensitive to either temporal context, or to spatial and temporal context. The simulator study revealed that the presented AR assistances proved effective for mitigating an unexpected failure. Pilots preferred the fully context-sensitive AR assistance overall, while only the AR representation with temporal context showed significantly shorter reaction times than the conventional aid. Our findings suggest that AR can be a valuable tool for assisting pilots in critical flight phases, contributing to increased safety in aviation.

Understanding the world of physical and digital objects: A qualitative exploration

Understanding the world of physical and digital objects: A qualitative exploration

Robinsonade of fictional objects and the poverty of arbitrary objects

The paper is devoted to the consideration of the conception of fictional objects as objects with the finite set of special (non-generic) properties. The paper provides a formulation of this concept, and compares fictional objects with arbitrary objects and real objects in the context of their possessing of generic and non-generic properties, as well as in the context of the existence of these objects in the actual world and in possible worlds. The paper ends with a discussion of several comments related to the mentioned conception of fictional objects, which were proposed after a talk on this topic at the 7th Lem’s Readings conference.

Цифровые модели как часть современного этнокультурного пространства финно-угорских народов

The aim of the research is to explore new ways of preserving ethnocultural information about the traditional dwellings of the Udmurt people in the virtual environment of digital space. The article presents a scientific and practical approach to electronically capturing the appearance, cultural significance, and sacred and symbolic elements of some of the structures within the iconic Udmurt wooden building known as “Kuala”, as well as the house of the Komi people. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that despite the disappearance of the traditional Finno-Ugric dwelling as a functional object of the material world, it can still be preserved in digital format for many years, not only as a representation of its design, but also as a reflection of its sacred meaning within the context of national culture. This allows for the consideration of various groups and styles of digital design that can convey this ethnocultural information to a wide range of modern, computerized society. Based on the development of animated digital models of the iconic wooden buildings of the Udmurt “Kuala” and the traditional Komi house, this paper presents scientific and practical approaches to creating an information-digital virtual image of traditional wooden architectural objects of these Finno-Ugric peoples.

Metaphorical Construction of Chinese Female Images in Media

Introduction. Media is closely related to discourse. Female metaphor in the media is not a simple reflection of the objective world, but a selective and conscious construction of female image in social reality. This study explores the metaphorical construction of Chinese female images in the blessings for women on “Women’s Day” through the media.Methodology and sources. While some words similar to the meanings of “Women’s Day” were selected as keywords, the researcher searched the Wechat platform for articles with the title including these keywords. Then, a total of 306 female metaphors were manually identified and selected as a corpus. With word frequency statistics of the corpus, this study sorted out the categories of Chinese female metaphors and analyzed female image constructed in the media.Results and discussion. It was found that the source domains of female metaphors mainly include plant, animal, daily object, fictional character, nature and environment. The female metaphors can be analyzed from the following categories: Woman is a Flower; Woman is Water; Woman is Half the Heaven; Woman is Light; Woman is a Fairy; Woman is a Book; Woman is a Tiger; Woman is a Jewel. Among them, “Woman is a Flower” is the most frequent one and dominates the female metaphors, while the beauty of “flowers” reflects the beauty of women, the blooming of “flowers” reflects the youth of women, and the aroma of “flowers” reflects the charming of women. “Woman is Water”, “Woman is Half of the Heaven”, “Woman is Light” are also frequent female metaphors, constructing the tenderness, high social status, unique charm and outstanding contribution of female. Other female metaphors also play a certain role in the construction of holiness, wisdom, independence, confidence, strength, precious character of female image. These metaphors construct diversified images in terms of the appearance, character, ability and value of women, and most of the women constructed are beautiful and gentle.Conclusion. It can be seen that the construction of female image in the media becomes diversified on the one hand, on the other hand it still follows the traditional thinking pattern. The paper suggests that gender discourse in the media has been diversified and improved, but still needs to strengthen the construction of equal female image in the harmonious society.

Hidden Order in the Human World and Reasonings L. I. Antsyferova about the Psyche

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of hidden order and the comprehension of L.I. Antsyferova’s scientific contribution to the disclosure of its content. It is shown that the great thinkers of the twentieth century, first in relation to the physical world and then to the psyche, talked about the currently hidden properties of the objective world that can influence the essence of the phenomena under study. The point of view of D. Bohm, who was the pioneer in the scientific study of hidden order, is analyzed in detail. W. Heisenberg believed that understanding nature means discovering the purposefulness hidden wtihin it, supplementing causal determination. According to Heisenberg, there are intangible structures in the world to which human mind structures are correlated during comprehension. It is shown that the concept of hidden order is also crucial in the methodology of socio-humanitarian knowledge; “hidden” and “implicit” are the subjects of study in various sciences. Psychologists have made a significant contribution to the development of these ideas. The points of view of M.A. Kholodnaya on conceptual structures and N.E. Maksimova and I.O. Aleksandrov on psychological structures, which are the psychological basis for understanding the subject of the hidden order in the human world, are analyzed. S.L. Rubinstein stood at the origin of psychologists’ ideas about hidden order. His student L.I. Antsyferova has deeply and meaningfully analyzed the hidden order in publications devoted to the problems of psyche development, its determination, psychology of subject, personality and thinking. All of L.I. Antsyferova’s research is permeated with the opposition “explicit-hidden”; behind the visible reality of the psyche, she was always looked for the invisible. She repeatedly emphasized that behind the visible and familiar world, behind the world of “common sense”, a world of hidden relationships of things opens up to man.

Agency and theoretical reason in The Practical Self

ABSTRACT My comments focus on the relation between theoretical reason and agency in Gomes’ account. I argue that, while Gomes is right that agency plays a role in relating us to an objective world, accounting for it does not require us to exclude theoretical reason in advance by requiring that the propositions to which we practically assent be theoretically undecidable. There are both theoretical and practical grounds for taking ourselves to have agency in thinking, and we should prefer an account of reason which allows both kinds of grounds to play a role in rationalizing our commitments. Gomes should, therefore, weaken the dualism of theoretical and practical reason which he takes over from Kant. This dualism is in any event hard to sustain outside the context of transcendental idealism; weakening it allows for what I suggest is a better account of the interaction between theoretical and practical reason.

«ПОЭМА БЕЗ ГЕРОЯ» А.А. АХМАТОВОЙ: НЕЙРОСЕТЕВОЙ РАКУРС

Outstanding works of art «capture» the Spirit of their time. In the article, this metaphor gets an objective explanation. The text of the Poem without a Hero by A.A. Akhmatova is considered from the position of forming a transpersonal level of information processing, the existence of which follows from the neural network theory of the noosphere. By analogy with the heroes of ancient myths, the image of a generalized Hero is considered as an «intermediary» between the world of everyday life and the world of transpersonal information objects. Cultural phenomena become such objects: the Silver Age, St. Petersburg as images of a specific historical time, etc. They, in turn, affect the world of everyday life

A data-driven analysis of the perceptual and neural responses to natural objects reveals organising principles of human visual cognition.

A key challenge in understanding the functional organisation of visual cortex stems from the fact that only a small proportion of the objects experienced during natural viewing can be presented in a typical experiment. This constraint often leads to experimental designs that compare responses to objects from experimenter-defined stimulus conditions, potentially limiting the interpretation of the data. To overcome this issue, we used images from the THINGS initiative, which provides a systematic sampling of natural objects. A data-driven analysis was then applied to reveal the functional organisation of the visual brain, incorporating both perceptual and neural responses to these objects. Perceptual properties of the objects were taken from an analysis of similarity judgements, and neural properties were taken from whole brain fMRI responses to the same objects. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was then used to predict neural responses across the brain from the perceptual properties while simultaneously applying dimensionality reduction. The PLSR model accurately predicted neural responses across visual cortex using only a small number of components. These components revealed smooth, graded neural topographies, which were similar in both hemispheres, and captured a variety of object properties including animacy, real-world size, and object category. However, they did not accord in any simple way with previous theoretical perspectives on object perception. Instead, our findings suggest that visual cortex encodes information in a statistically efficient manner, reflecting natural variability among objects.Significance statement The ability to recognise objects is fundamental to how we interact with our environment, yet the organising principles underlying neural representations of visual objects remain contentious. In this study, we sought to address this question by analysing perceptual and neural responses to a large, unbiased sample of objects. Using a data-driven approach, we leveraged perceptual properties of objects to predict neural responses using a small number of components. This model predicted neural responses with a high degree of accuracy across visual cortex. The components did not directly align with previous explanations of object perception. Instead, our findings suggest the organisation of the visual brain is based on the statistical properties of objects in the natural world.

Humanist foundations for the transformations of higher education under supercomplexity

The article is dedicated to the philosophical analysis of today’s higher education and the grounds and trends of its transformations, both on-going and desirable for the near future. The authors review the current social situation of supercomplexity and argue that under a perspective of unpredictable and changeable world the aim of higher education can no longer be seen in providing certain sets of skills and knowl­edge – instead, in the scope of the dialectics of traditions and innovations, such a situ­ation implies “reinventing” the classical European idea of university that presupposes the all-round development of human personality and education of a cultural person as opposed to the approach based on professional skills only. Following the declara­tions of UNESCO, World Economic Forum and other international organizations on the transformations of higher education, it could be concluded that the foundations of such transformations are that of the classical ideas of humanism. The authors turn to the historical analysis of the humanist ideal in education (as well as of its criticism) since the Renaissance to the present day, especially noting Kant’s ideas as the grounds for understanding humanism as the concept that affirms the universal equality of all human beings, as the idea of the autonomy of a human and his or her rights and re­sponsibility for one’s life and for the objective world, as well as the idea of the prior­ity of universal identity. It is argued that based on such premises the trends for the transformation of higher education could be outlined as institutional transformations of universities towards deformalization, decentralization and humanization, as well as the necessity to develop an open education system based on anticipatory education that has its goal in shaping universal human qualities.

The Constructed Enemy - The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict as an Example

Abstract: With the continuous development of international relations theory, it has been increasingly recognized that neither traditional rationalism nor reflexivism is sufficient to fully explain many phenomena in the present world. With the criticism of realism and the development of postmodernism, constructivism has been embraced by many researchers as a new research paradigm. The realist approach to research explains international society by explaining the meaning as well as the origin of things in the objective world. Carl Schmitt's ideas are ostensibly more focused on material forces and should be more closely aligned with realism. But in reality, he used ideas to define the emergence of political affairs. Thus, at its core, Carl Schmitt is inherently similar to constructivism. However, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has been intensifying in recent years. Therefore, using the above theory to explain the reasons for the emergence and escalation of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has important theoretical and practical significance. This not only means combining the theories of traditional thinkers with new research paradigms, but also helps people to understand the nature of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and find better ways to promote peace and development in the Middle East.

Poets as children. On works of the Slovak Trnava group and the Bulgarian ‘Poets of the city’

The aim of the proposed paper is to examine how the poetic text world embodies the idea of a return to the “naïve” perception of the world. The objects of the analysis are two groups of authors – representatives of 20th century Slovak and Bulgarian literature –, which are known in the history of their national literatures as Trnava group and “poets of the city.” The first poetic formation is made up of Ján Ondruš, Ján Stacho, Jozef Mihalkovič, and Ľubomír Feldek, known also as Concretists, the second one consists of Alexander Vutimski, Alexander Gerov, Ivan Peychev, and Valeri Petrov. While the Slovak authors manifested themselves as a poetic group by publishing three manifestos, one of which called We Will Talk about Children’s Literature, the Bulgarian authors were defined as poets of the city post factum by the Bulgarian critics.The selection of these poetry formations is based on typological affinities between the two specific literary phenomena and the similarities in their national political and social contexts during their genesis. Three basic topics can be found in the works of the representatives of both Trnava group and poets of the city – objective imagery, the motif of childhood, and the image of the city. In the present paper, we focus mainly on the use of objective imagery in the process of returning to childhood, which some of the poets’ texts depict. We also look at one of the main themes in their works, which both literary groups inherit from their antecedents in their literatures – everydayness. In this light, the poets of the city are related to the poetry of the Bulgarian writer Atanas Dalchev, while the Slovak authors follow the path chosen by the Czech poetry group Květen and their concept of “poetry of every day.”Through a close reading of selected works of the Slovak Trnava group and the Bulgarian “poets of the city”, we look at the process of engaging the senses in poetry. The main texts chosen for the analysis areA Play for Your Blue Eyes written by Ľubomír Feldek and Tom Thumb by Valeri Petrov. Their poems are based on a return to childhood and sensual concreteness. We examine how the writers stylize the perceived world in opposition to the “ready-made” ideas the socialist realism offers. Both groups of authors choose a new aesthetic formula that roots in portraying the objective world. The topic is represented in light of Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s reflection on the literary use of language.

Emotive Narrative: Thinking and Writing Experimental Animation through Things’ Perspective

The purpose of this study is to explore the magical nature of things, to investigate nonhuman entities, and to study from the philosophy of Object-Oriented Ontology. Rethinking Paul Wells’ scripted artefact based on the ontography concept of Alien Phenomenology, specifically for the transition of objects from real world objects to cinematic objects, Animators go through the found or made object and object as narrative stages. To explore the potential of things, we engage creators in co-speculation through Evocative Object Cards activity that evokes experience. By thinking about the theme of the secret life of things and experimenting with writing from thing’s perspective, we can realize the emotive narrative of things. Using the concept of “human-object” experience entanglement, this study conducted an experimental animation writing workshop to stimulate the tactile memory of the creators, so that they can understand how objects reveal their unique agency in the animation, and then understand the satisfaction of the participants through semi-structured qualitative interviews. The research results show that this activity has a positive impact on the creators’ creative writing of animation scripts, which not only puts forward alternative views beyond the mainstream animation stories, but also enriches the audience’s viewing experience.

All-Turkish Lexical Layer in Turkic Languages and Uzbek Language Dialects

Abstract It is known that the study of dialects is one of the urgent issues of today's linguistics. World linguistics has made significant progress in the field of dialectology in the study of dialects, in creating a perfect areal description of dialectal phenomena. From the conducted research, a scientific conclusion can be drawn that it is possible to talk about the forms of language tools, i.e. the methods of expression, in the expression of all philosophical categories in the ancient monuments and in our current language. Like all philosophical concepts, the meaning of space and time is a linguistic image of the subjective perception of the objective world. That is why the linguistic research conducted in that direction requires communication with the sciences of philosophy, logic and psychology, leaving the framework of linguistics. Time-space-calendar words form a separate system in ancient Turkish written texts, and their comparative study with our current language is studied as an urgent issue of linguistics. Also "anda//anta" (at that time), "yil (year), kish (winter), kiçë//keçe (night), kuntuz (day), tun ortusi (midnight) ” words find their reflection in ancient monuments and lay the foundation for the emergence of representatives of the Turkic language, in particular, the Uzbek and Azerbaijani languages. In the system of means of expressing spatial concepts in the language, the phonetic space is considered the beginning, the beginning. That is, the phonetic space can be called the basis of space expression through language. At the same time, the grouping of words, morphological forms, syntactic units according to the time and space content, analysis of the specific aspects of those language units, many manifestations of concepts denoting the time and space content in the Azerbaijani language. The explanation of the forms of the edges was carried out based on the requirements of theoretical linguistics.

MANIPULATIVE BEHAVIOUR IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION AND ITS COUNTERACTION

The article discusses the generalised results of the study of the problem of students' and teachers’resistance to various kinds of manipulative influences in the educational environment. The empirical indicators of the degree of manipulative behaviour of participants in the educational process in a higher education institution are presented. The dominant markers of manipulative manifestations in educational environments are discussed. The approach to the development of psychological and educational counteraction to severe manipulative influence is substantiated.The propensity to manipulate, being a dynamic personal formation, largely reflects the system of value and meaningful orientations of the individual in the process of life. And in this analytical focus, the substantive aspect of the propensity to manipulate, manifested in specific acts of manipulation and instrumental equipment of manipulative behaviour, primarily indicates the manipulator’s willingness and ability to work with the processes of meaning-making and goal-setting as significant characteristics of the value-semantic structure of the situation, reflecting the dynamics of the actual sector of the multidimensional world of the potential object of manipulation. Based on the following aspects of the problem of protection against manipulation identified in psychological research as defining: resisting the influence of the manipulator, preventing manipulation, reorienting the manipulator to manifest authenticity and self-actualisation, another approach to the development of psychological and educational counteraction to severe manipulative influence is proposed. It is about purposeful work on the formation of an educational environment with a pronounced humanistic mentality, in which only the formation of stable qualities of the individual mentality of participants in the educational process as the main «psychological tool» to counteract manipulative influences can take place. It seems that the main conditions for the effectiveness of this approach are both the willingness of teachers to deeply reflect on the current situation in the educational environment of higher education institutions regarding the dominance of certain modes of manipulative behaviour, and the corporate readiness for professional and pedagogical work with the individual mentality of students.

Temat mody w prozie emigracyjnej Nadieżdy Teffi

The author focuses on the topic of fashion in Nadezhda Teffi’s work, a Russian writer who spent over thirty years in exile in France. An attempt to determine the function of “fashionable things” and the importance of fashion in constructing the presented world was made based on the analysis of short stories, tales and columns collected in emigration collections published from 1920–1952. Teffi's “costume code” includes all categories of clothing, footwear, accessories and jewellery that give an idea of the typical children's, men's and women's fashion of the last century. Clothing details play an important role in the structure of the presented world, fulfilling numerous functions: characterological, psychological and symbolic. Based on Teffi's texts, we can conclude what was considered particularly fashionable at that time, and also study the canons of beauty. Fashionable accessories, as an important part of the objective world of the writer's emigrant prose, are an integral part of expressing the characters’ individuality, indicating their origin, gender, and age, as well as their internal experiences and emotional state. At the same time, it also describes the cultural and historical background.

A melody that sings itself

In his lectures on the philosophy of nature, Maurice Merleau-Ponty interprets Jakob von Uexküll’s notion of Umwelt as akin to a melody. This essay outlines von Uexküll’s perspective on the feasibility of translating non-acoustic elements (optical: colours, shapes, and figures; haptic: tactile textures, flavours, tastes, and scents) into sounds or musical notes to compose a melody. It poses several inquiries: Does the link between melody and nature render natural entities as musical notes? Do the components of an entity constitute anatomical notes in the melody that defines the entity itself? Is it conceivable to distil every moment in life into a “note” symbol on a musical scale, characterised by specific duration, pitch, and volume? Melody, rhythm, and harmony are considered sophisticated “structures” that articulate and convey the essence of nature’s existence. Moreover, every human, every living creature, be it animal or plant, possesses a subjective “biological” interiority. The inner realm of each living subject, along with the objects in the external world, are enveloped within an atmosphere—a musical Umwelt. Humans exist within this musical milieu or atmosphere.

Being-Time, or How Traditional Japanese Thought Collided with Western Philosophy and Modern Physics at Hiroshima

The atom bomb that annihilated Hiroshima, Japan, on August 6, 1945, proved Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity. Mass became energy and the classic Western dialectic of three-dimensional space and linear time was displaced by the integrated concept of spacetime. On that day, modern physics also collided with the traditional Japanese understanding that space and time are interdependent phenomena. This collision speaks to conceptual parallels relating Buddhist thought, modern Japanese philosophy, phenomenology, and the physics of spacetime. The thirteenth-century Zen Buddhist monk Dōgen said that all phenomena are made possible by the universal principle of emptiness and that our existence arises with each moment in what he termed Being-Time, where past, present, and future co-exist. The Japanese philosopher Nishida Kitarō, along with Tanabe Hajime and Watsuji Tetsurō, saw reality as a multi-dimensional field of space-in-time where the individual subject no longer stood apart from the objective world but instead arose dynamically as contingent activities rather than an autonomous thing. The German philosopher Martin Heidegger rejected the rational binary of subject and object in Western thought and grounded our “being” in phenomena that came from their temporal being-in-the-world rather than representing some preexisting objective reality. The physicist Albert Einstein radically rethought the dialectic of three-dimensional space and linear time, used to schematize the physical world in the West since antiquity, and theorized the relativity of spacetime, in which all phenomena occur in space in relation to their place in time. Interwoven, these intellectual threads stripped the bombing of Hiroshima of its historical inevitability. The story of human experience lost its customary sense of going <i>somewhere</i> predetermined and was revealed instead to be an endlessly discrete accumulation of moments that could go <i>anywhere</i> at every transient and directionless moment in time.

Antidiabetic impact of novel sophorolipids produced via microbial conversion of Moringa oleifera and Lepidium sativum oil cakes utilizing locally isolated yeast strains in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats: role of glucagon-like peptide-1

Background One of the top ten causes of mortality all over the world is diabetes mellitus. Egypt in particular, has one of the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the world Objective The purpose of this work is to produce sophorolipids (SLs) economically through microbial conversion of agro-industrial wastes namely Moringa oleifera (MO) and Lepidium sativum (LS) oil cakes using locally isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica, respectively. Finally, the produced SLs will be investigated for their potential use as antihyperglycemic drugs in diabetic rats. Patients and methods The SLs were structurally characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen-1 proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and LC-MS/MS. Then the hypoglycemic impact of the produced SLs was evaluated through an experiment on 30 male Wistar albino rats grouped into four diabetic groups induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin; a control positive group, a diabetic group + reference drug (metformin), a diabetic group + MO-SLs and a diabetic group + LS-SLs and the experiment lasted for 4 weeks. Results and conclusion The yield of MO-SLs was 18.6 g/100 g substrate. While LS-SLs had a higher yield (43.6 g/100 g substrate). The MO-SLs declined surface tension of water to 38 mN/m at 60 mg/L critical micelle concentration however, LS-SLs levels were 46 mN/m at 50 mg/L. The chemical characterization of MO-SLs indicated the presence of lactonic and acidic forms of SLs and the LS-SLs confirmed the presence of lactonic form only. Data obtained for the hypoglycemic effect revealed that both extracts have a positive impact on the studied biochemical parameters with the best results recorded for body weight change, fasting blood glucose, alanine transaminase, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 for the diabetic group receiving LS-SLs followed by the reference drug, then the MO-SLs group. The results of biochemical markers were confirmed by the histopathological examinations showing the efficiency of the produced LS-SLs in decreasing the fasting blood glucose level.

Men’s anxieties and defences regarding gender (in)equality in the workplace: An object-relations psychoanalysis of organisational masculinities

This article explores men’s psychic attachments to organisational masculinities in the context of gender equality initiatives in the UK finance sector. Deploying an object-relations psychoanalysis and generating interview data with 30 male executives and non-executives, it unpacks why and how men outwardly support but unconsciously repudiate workplace gender equality. We explain how this conflict indicates the presence of what Melanie Klein terms the paranoid-schizoid position. We examine two key unconscious processes of the paranoid-schizoid position in men’s accounts: gender-splitting, when men dissociate undesirable aspects of organisational masculinity, and projection, when repressed, negative parts of their masculine ideals are instead attributed to women. This article’s contributions demonstrate how the paranoid-schizoid position is defensive, enabling men to articulate support for gender equality, but also protect paranoid constructions of organisational masculinity when it is threatened by women. Empirically and theoretically, this article shows how organisational masculinities are ambivalent, which in Kleinian terms underscores how masculinity has ‘good’ and ‘bad’ components that are constituted unconsciously through its relationship with the object world. This article concludes by drawing out the implications for (re)positioning men within workplace gender equality debates and activities.