Object-oriented Techniques Research Articles

MVC Pattern Based on JAVA

With development of software scale, programmer has been noticed the importance of design pattern. Each pattern has different realization in different platform. As the object-oriented technique develops, application of MVC pattern has been widely used. MVC pattern doesn’t only used in component construction, but also it used in large-scale object-oriented system design, such as e-commerce system. This paper discusses application of MVC on JAVA platform, and analysis advantages and disadvantages of MVC and MVC2.

AN INVESTIGATION OF AUTOMATIC CHANGE DETECTION FOR TOPOGRAPHIC MAP UPDATING

Abstract. Changes to the landscape are constantly occurring and it is essential for geospatial and mapping organisations that these changes are regularly detected and captured, so that map databases can be updated to reflect the current status of the landscape. The Chief Directorate of National Geospatial Information (CD: NGI), South Africa's national mapping agency, currently relies on manual methods of detecting changes and capturing these changes. These manual methods are time consuming and labour intensive, and rely on the skills and interpretation of the operator. It is therefore necessary to move towards more automated methods in the production process at CD: NGI. The aim of this research is to do an investigation into a methodology for automatic or semi-automatic change detection for the purpose of updating topographic databases. The method investigated for detecting changes is through image classification as well as spatial analysis and is focussed on urban landscapes. The major data input into this study is high resolution aerial imagery and existing topographic vector data. Initial results indicate the traditional pixel-based image classification approaches are unsatisfactory for large scale land-use mapping and that object-orientated approaches hold more promise. Even in the instance of object-oriented image classification generalization of techniques on a broad-scale has provided inconsistent results. A solution may lie with a hybrid approach of pixel and object-oriented techniques.

Item, Document, Carrier: An Object Oriented Approach

I discuss the concept of Item as stated by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) in the conceptual model Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and the object-oriented version of it (FRBROO). Using object-oriented modeling techniques I analyze the relationship of the Item with the Manifestation entity, the concept of Document, and the physical object as a Carrier of a Content. A class scheme is proposed, not only as an implementation example, but as a way of clarifying some bibliographic concepts as well.

Object-oriented simulation of coral competition in a coral reef community

A 3-dimensional individual-based model, the ReefModel, was developed to simulate the dynamical structure of coral reef community using object-oriented techniques and Smalltalk/V language. Interactions among six functional groups of reef organisms: tabular coral, foliaceous coral, massive coral, macroalga, corallivorous gastropod and herbivorous fish were examined. Results from the simulation of interaction among the three coral groups are presented here. The behaviours of the coral groups were described with simple mechanistic rules that were derived from their general behaviours (e.g. growing habits, competitive mechanisms) observed in natural coral reef communities. All corals were allowed to grow in a 3-dimensional spatial environment. The model was implemented to explore the competitive mechanisms governing coral community structure. Simulation results suggest that a fast-growing habit with overtopping competitive mechanism is probably the most effective strategy for corals to gain spatial dominance in a coral community under stable environmental conditions. In addition, multimodality exists in the final states of individual coral group as a result of small random spatial events that occurred during the early stages of interactions among the corals in the community. This suggests that alternative stable states may exist in a coral community as a result of inter-specific coral competition.

A framework for facilitating multi-dimensional information integration, management and visualization in engineering projects

Abstract This research proposes an application framework, named PIIM Framework (Project Information Integration Management Framework), to effectively solve the problems of integrating project information and system interfaces among different participating parties and engineering application systems, as well as to provide five kernel modules to encapsulate complicated management and visualization functions. The PIIM Framework is constructed on the basis of object-oriented techniques, such that users can take advantage of object oriented programming to easily develop applications required. In addition, this research conducted an actual engineering project example, and developed a prototype system based on the PIIM Framework to verify its feasibility. Through the feasibility study, it has been demonstrated that the PIIM Framework can provide not only provide a more efficient method to integrate, manage and visualize project information, but can also save programming time for the project management team when developing a project management system from scratch.

Agent Oriented Software Testing – Role Oriented approach

Several Agent Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) methodologies were proposed to build open, heterogeneous and complex internet based systems. AOSE methodologies offer different conceptual frameworks, notations and techniques, thereby provide a platform to make the system abstract, generalize, dynamic and autonomous. Lifecycle coverage is one of the important criteria for evaluating an AOSE methodology. Most of the existing AOSE methodologies focuses only on analysis, design, implementation and disregarded testing, stating that the testing can be done by extending the existing object-oriented testing techniques. Though objects and agents have some similarities, they both differ widely. Role is an important attribute of an agent that has a huge scope and support for the analysis, design and implementation of Multi-Agent System (MAS). The main objective of the paper is to extend the scope and support of role towards testing, thereby the vacancy for software testing perception in the AOSE series will be filled up. This paper presents an overview of role based testing based on the V-Model in order to add the next new component as of Agent-Oriented Software testing in the agent oriented development life cycle.

Design of Six Freedom Vibration Acquisition System for Military Vehicle

Design and implementation of six freedom transportation vibration spectrum collection system is presented in this paper. The Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) is used to capture signals including x, y, z, direction linear acceleration, angular rates around Z-axis and pitch, roll degree. The software’s architecture and modules for host computer is designed with object-oriented analysis and design techniques, and the software is implemented with VC++6.0. The test results show that the system was able to collect vehicular vibration information on time and the collection data was replayed on the vibration platform.

Use of SWIRLS nowcasting system for quantitative precipitation forecast using Indian DWR data

Local severe storms are extreme weather events that last only for a few hours and evolve rapidly. Very often the mesoscale features associated these local severe storms are not well-captured synoptically. Forecasters have to predict the changing weather situation in the next 0-6 hrs based on latest observations. The operational process to predict the weather in the next 0-6 hrs is known as “nowcast”. Observational data that are typically suited for nowcasting includes Doppler Weather Radar (DWR), wind profiler, microwave sounder and satellite radiance. To assist forecasters, in predicting the weather information and making warning decisions, various nowcasting systems have been developed by various countries in recent years. Notable examples are Auto-Nowcaster (U.S.), BJ-ANC (China-U.S.), CARDS (Canada), GRAPES-SWIFT (China), MAPLE (Canada), NIMROD (U.K.), NIWOT (U.S.), STEPS (Australia), SWIRLS (Hong Kong, China), TIFS (Australia), TITAN (U.S.) (Dixon and Wiener, 1993) and WDSS (U.S.). Some of these systems were used in the two forecast demonstration projects organized by WMO for the Sydney 2000 and Beijing 2008 Olympic. A common feature of these systems is that they all use rapidly updated radar data, typically once every 6 minutes.The nowcasting system SWIRLS (“Short-range Warning of Intense Rainstorms in Localized Systems”) has been developed by the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) and was put into operation in Hong Kong in 1999. Since then system has undergone several upgrades, the latest known as “SWIRLS-2” to support the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. SWIRLS-2 is being adapted by India Meteorological Department (IMD) for use and test for the Commonwealth Games 2010 at New Delhi with assistance from HKO. SWIRLS-2 ingests a range of observation data including SIGMET/IRIS DWR radar product, raingauge data, radiosonde data, lightning data to analyze and predict reflectivity, radar-echo motion, QPE, QPF, as well as track of thunderstorm and its associated severe weather, including cloud-to-ground lightning, severe squalls and hail, and probability of precipitation. SWIRLS-2 uses a number of algorithms to derive the storm motion vectors. These include TREC (“Tracking of Radar Echoes by Correlation”), GTrack (Group tracking of radar echoes, an object-oriented technique for tracking the movement of a storm as a whole entity) and lately MOVA (“Multi-scale Optical flow by Variational Analysis”). This latest algorithm uses optical flow, a technique commonly used in motion detection in image processing, and variational analysis to derive the motion vector field. By cascading through a range of scales, MOVA can better depict the actual storm motion vector field as compared with TREC and GTrack which does well in tracking small scales features and storm entity respectively. In this paper the application of TREC and MOVA to derive the storm motion vector, reflectivity and QPF using Indian DWR data has been demonstrated for the thunderstorm events over Kolkata and New Delhi. The system has been successfully operationalized for Delhi and neighborhood area for commonwealth games 2010. Real time products are available on IMD website

Seismic Damage Information Extent about the Buildings Based on Low-Altitude Remote Sensing Images of Mianzu Quake-Stricken Areas

Using large-scale true-color images of Zundao Town of Mianzhu quake-hit areas gained form low-altitude remote sensing platforms, the author processed those images based on the 3S and image processing technology, then to presents a new object-oriented scheme of damaged building information extraction in the 5.12 Earthquake from the high-resolution low-altitude remote sensing in Zundao Town of Mianzhu. The scheme has two steps. The first step is that the whole imagery was segmented into image objects which do not intersect mutually. The second step is that to extract damaged buildings and undamaged ones with the features used to classify, like spectral, texture, shape and context. The experimental results indicate that the fast image processing method of UAV and the new object-oriented information extraction technique have high accuracy compared to the traditional classification methods and have a great application potential.

New Product Development with Discrete Event Simulation: Application to Portfolio Management for the Pharmaceutical Industry

New product development (NPD) constitutes a challenging problem in the pharmaceutical industry. Formally, the NPD problem can be stated as follows: Select a set of R&D projects from a pool of candidate projects to satisfy several criteria (e.g., economic profitability, time to market) while coping with the uncertain nature of the projects. More precisely, the recurrent key issues are to determine the projects to be developed, together with the order in which they enter the pipeline and the corresponding resource allocation. In this context, this work presents the development and implementation of a discrete event simulator for drug portfolio management based on object-oriented techniques and used as a tool for evaluating each drug or sequence of drugs. Evaluation methods based on bubble charts are used for selecting the best drugs according to the considered evaluation criteria. Imprecision modeling has been tackled in two ways: a classical probability approach and an interval-based one. Both approaches are illustrated by a numerical example, which shows that the tendencies obtained by the interval-based approach can be difficult to interpret for the decision maker, because of the growing uncertainty along the pipeline. In addition, the risk, which is taken into account through failure probability for some stages and which is strongly involved in the NPD process, must be an integral part of the modeling approach. The repetitive use of simulation with representative sampling turns out to be the most efficient strategy.

교육용 해양플랜트 Rig 굴착 시뮬레이션 구현

본 논문은 해양구조물 rig의 굴착시스템의 하부 부분의 3차원 모델링과 굴착과정의 시뮬레이션에 있다. 최근 조선사들은 높은 부가가치성과 신조의 감소로 인해 해양구조물 rig에 관심이 집중되고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 경우 해양구조물 rig의 기본 설계, 설치 및 운영은 외국회사들이 수행하고 있다. 따라서 굴착에 대한 지식과 정보를 얻기가 쉽지 않다. 본 논문에서는 해양구조물 rig의 핵심장비로 굴착장비, 폭발방지장치인 BOP, 시멘트 작업 및 머드 순환 장치 관련 장비들을 포함하였다. 이들의 구조와 기능은 객체지향기술 관점에서 분석하였다. 이 분석에 기초하여 3차원 소프트웨어 도구인 CATIA와 3DVIA Composer 를 이용하여 이 장비들을 모델링하였다. 굴착과정은 굴착작업의 시나리오에 따라 시뮬레이션되었다. 이 시뮬레이션 시스템은 해양플랜트 산업분야의 엔지니어와 학생들에게 교육도구로 유용하게 활용될 수 있다. The purpose of this study is 3 dimensional modeling of lower part of drilling system in offshore rig and simulation of drilling process. Recently, shipbuilding companies have been focusing on offshore rigs due to their high added-value and the reduced demand of new shipbuilding. In most cases, however, the basic design, installation and management of offshore rig are carried out by foreign companies. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain the knowledge and information of drilling system. In this study drilling devices, BOP(Blowout Preventor) and cementing job and mud circulation related components are included as the main components of offshore rig. The structure and function of them were analyzed from a viewpoint of object-oriented technique. On the basis of this analysis they were modeled in the 3 dimensional structure with 3D software tool such as CATIA and 3DVIA Composer. The drilling process was simulated according to the scenario of drilling operation. This simulation system can be effectively used for an educational tool for students and engineers in ocean plant industries.

Object-oriented techniques for the extraction of forest cover from historical panchromatic frames

Object-oriented techniques for the extraction of forest cover from historical panchromatic frames

The Design of Component Level Software Architecture for Multi-Sensor Data Fusion System

Through investigating the architecture of multi-sensor data fusion system, a universal software architecture which can be used in distributed multi-radar fusion systems is proposed in this paper. In this architecture, functionally independent modules will be extracted from system, it will be standardized as components by object-oriented techniques, and the interface specifications of all the modules are also specified. Aiming at the different objects, system flow and modules can be framed quickly by selecting or expanding proper components based on different scenes feature and object properties. The architecture improves software reusability and scalability, and is propitious to increase software development efficiency.

RAVE—A Detector-Independent Toolkit to Reconstruct Vertices

A detector-independent toolkit for vertex reconstruction (RAVE = “Reconstruction (of vertices) in Abstract, Versatile Environments”) is presented that allows geometric and kinematic reconstruction of vertices. Both linear and adaptive estimation techniques are covered. Non-Gaussian input data can be handled via the Gaussian-sum technique. Kinematic constraints are taken into account via the Lagrangian formalism. Finally, the toolkit also contains a simple flavor-tagger. Main design goals are ease of use, flexibility for embedding into existing software frameworks, extensibility, and openness. The implementation is based on modern object-oriented techniques, is coded in C++ with interfaces for Java and Python, and follows an open-source approach.

Analysis of seasonal land use in Usangu wetlands, Tanzania: an object-oriented technique for multi-temporal analysis with high-resolution data

A multi-temporal analysis of Landsat panchromatic data was applied to the Usanga wetlands in Tanzania, where there are concerns that irrigated agricultural development is reducing downstream water availability. As there are many small fields, and even smaller areas of continuous vegetable cultivation throughout the year, 15-m resolution multi-temporal Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) panchromatic data, acquired in the months of March, May and October, were used to extract information on the seasonal land use/cover in order to investigate agricultural water use. Object-oriented analysis was used to interpret these high-resolution data through definition of image segments, which were then classified using a pixel-based unsupervised classification method. This hybrid approach helps to process high-resolution data quickly and efficiently, so as to economically and effectively understand and classify land use/cover in highly heterogeneous and seasonally dynamic tropical conditions, where land units are typically small.

Model-based design of integrated production systems: a review

Pest resistance and water pollution are major issues caused by the excessive use of pesticides in intensive agriculture. The concept of integrated production system (IPS) has been thus designed to solve those issues and also to meet the need for better food quality and production. Methodologies such as agronomic diagnosis-based design, prototyping, and model-based design have been developed. Here we review the model-based design of IPS. We identify tools for the development of comprehensive models. Once comprehensive models have been developed, model-based design of IPS can be formulated as an optimization problem to be solved using different approaches. Thus, we review the choice of corresponding criteria, constraints, and mathematical formulations found in the literature. We analyze successful model-based design in transportation and drug development. We learn from these areas to overcome the inherent difficulties involved in the model-based design of IPS. We recommend the following major points: IPS model-based design should use integrative modeling platforms, process-oriented modeling, and object-oriented techniques to improve the genericity, modularity, reuse of crop models, and the data sharing. The spatial dimension of IPS has to be accounted for by making crop models spatially explicit. The design evaluation criteria have to be standardized and carefully chosen by promoting stakeholders involvement. The design of IPS should be formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem, for which non-aggregative approaches should be preferred. Finally, it is necessary to establish a true dialogue between prototyping and model-based design practitioners in order to test, and if necessary to improve, the proposed systems.

Military Vehicle Start-Up Process Simulation and Analysis Based on Matlab

Based on object-oriented modeling technique, Vehicle dynamic model is divided into several separate sub-modules through physical modeling software Matlab/SimDriveline. The main components effect vehicle dynamics are simulated and analyzed. Whole vehicle dynamics model is established and its start-up process is simulated and compared with test results. It shows that simulation results agree with test results.

CADAC: Multi-use Architecture for Constructive Aerospace Simulations

In today’s network-centric world, aerospace vehicles interact with many objects. They navigate by overhead satellites, synchronize their flight paths with other vehicles, swarm over hostile territory and attack multiple targets. Studying these engagements with high-fidelity constructive simulations has become an important task of modeling and simulation (M&S). The simulation framework Computer Aided Design of Aerospace Concepts (CADAC) has its roots in FORTRAN code that dates back to the 1960s and was used by industry and the U.S. Air Force to simulate aerospace vehicles in all flight environments. To adapt CADAC to the new environment, a complete rewrite was carried out in C++, taking advantage of object-oriented programming techniques. The architecture of CADAC++ is based on the hierarchical structure of inherited classes. The vehicles (aircraft, missiles, satellites or ground targets), inherit the six-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) equations of motion from the classes ‘Flat6’ or ‘Round6’, conveying either the flat or elliptical Earth model. In turn, these classes inherit the communication structure from the base class ‘Cadac’. The components of the vehicle, e.g., aerodynamics, propulsion and autopilot, are represented by modules, which are member functions of the vehicle class. Communication among the modules occurs by protected module-variable arrays. Every instantiated vehicle object is encapsulated with its methods and data. To communicate between vehicles, data packets are loaded onto a global data bus for recall by other vehicles. Input occurs by ASCII file and output is compatible with CADAC Studio, a plotting and data processing package. CADAC++ is chiefly an engineering tool for refining the components of the primary vehicle and exploring its performance as it interacts (possibly repeatedly instantiated) with the multi-object environment. Its modular structure enables reuse of component models across simulations. In the 10 years of development, CADAC++ based constructive simulations have been built for many types of aerospace vehicles and integrated with mission-level simulations.

A web-based travel system using mashup in the RESTful design

According to the progress of web applications, websites are always designed toward facilitating interactive information sharing, establishing user-oriented service, and providing interoperability, and collaboration mechanisms. Colloquially, web applications in a service-oriented architecture are implemented as web services with XML-based protocols to provide plentiful information to users by object-oriented techniques. However, the above approach usually builds the complex and completed service combining and reusing separated function units instead of rapid development and URI-based service. This study establishes a travel website as a mashup-based web application based on an alternative approach as the architectural style of the website itself, representational state transfer. Using the mashup scheme, the proposed website is developed with the announced APIs of the third party to include rich service or resource from other web applications. The proposed case study also presented the efficient development with low cost and the effective finished features conforming users requirement. The advantages for the adopted schemes are described by implementing the proposed travel website.

Land Use Cover Mapping of Water Melon and Cereals in Southern Italy

The new high-resolution images from the satellites as IKONOS, SPOT5, Quickbird2 give us the opportunity to map ground features, which were not detectable in the past, by using medium resolution remote sensed data (LANDSAT). More accurate and reliable maps of land cover can then be produced. However, classification procedure with these images is more complex than with the medium resolution remote sensing data for two main reasons: firstly, because of their exiguous number of spectral bands, secondly, owing to high spatial resolution, the assumption of pixel independence does not generally hold. It is then necessary to have a multi-temporal series of images or to use classifiers taking into account also proximal information. The data in this study were (i) a remote sensing image taken by SPOT5 satellite in July 2007 and used to discriminate the water melon cover class and, (ii) three multi-temporal remote sensing images taken by SPOT5 satellite in May, June and July 2008 used to discriminate water melon and cereal crop cover classes. For water melon recognition, providing a single image in 2007, an object-oriented technique was applied instead of a traditional, per pixel technique obtaining an increase of overall accuracy of 15%. In 2008, since it was available a multi-temporal data set, a traditional ‘Maximum Likelihood’ technique was applied for both water melon and cereal crop cover class. The overall accuracy is greater than 95%.