Object-oriented Programming Techniques Research Articles

Object-Oriented Design and Programming

The Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) technique is nowadays the most popular programming technique among tertiary education institutions. However, learning OOP is a cognitively demanding task for undergraduate students. Several difficulties and misconceptions have been recorded in the literature for both OOP concepts and languages, mainly Java. This article focuses on reviewing and advancing research on the most fundamental OOP concepts, namely, the concepts of “object” and “class” and their role during program execution. The results of a long-term investigation on the subject are presented, focusing on a study exploring undergraduate students’ conceptions on “objects” and “classes.” The study advances related research on categories of conceptions on “objects” and “classes” by providing quantitative results, in addition to qualitative results, regarding the frequency of the recorded conceptions. Nearly half the students seem to comprehend the modeling and static/dynamic aspects of the concepts “object” and “class.” Implications for achieving a deep conceptual understanding of text, action, and modeling aspects of these fundamental concepts are also discussed. Information regarding the programming environments utilized in the course and key features of the applied teaching approach are presented, in order to facilitate both a better understanding of the context and a better employment of the results of the presented study. Finally, proposals for enhancing the contribution of this and similar studies are made.

Development of an Automation Tool for the Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Machine Tool Spindles

In this study, an automation tool was developed for rapid evaluation of machine tool spindle designs with automated three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA) using solid elements. The tool performs FEA with the minimum data of point coordinates to define the section of the spindle shaft and bearing positions. Using object-oriented programming techniques, the tool was implemented in the programming environment of a CAD system to make use of its objects. Its modules were constructed with the objects to generate the geometric model and then to convert it into the FE model of 3D solid elements at the workbenches of the CAD system using the point data. Graphic user interfaces were developed to allow users to interact with the tool. This tool is helpful for identification of a near optimal design of the spindle based on, for example, stiffness with multiple design changes and then FEAs.

Two-Population Social Cycle Theories

In this chapter, we explore whether various true, endogenous social cycle theories share common patterns and characteristics.We examine a number of prominent social theories describing cyclical patterns, and attempt to abstract an ideal type common to all of them, based on the idea of two populations disrupting each other and adjusting to the other’s disruptions.At the core of such theories we typically find a variation of a two-population model. In these theories, cycles emerge when one of the populations seems to disrupt the other population’s plans, leading to recurring adjustments and disruptions that constitute the cycle.Finding such commonalities in the world of theories can be useful for several reasons. For one thing, noticing that two theories share certain traits may help us understand each of them better. Furthermore, we show that agent-based modelers using modern object-oriented programming techniques can benefit from finding common patterns in theories.

Teaching advanced object-oriented programming techniques via a DBMS project

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is prevalent in academia and in industry, yet few problems offer enough complexity to allow students to develop a clear understanding of the advantages and power of OOP. Polymorphic code requires different classes of objects that share a common interface which is not a common requirement of many systems. Information hiding can be practiced in the simplest of OOP examples, yet trivial examples where an integer or string is hidden do little to convey the true power and complexity of this technique. In the course of teaching students how to implement a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) from scratch, we have discovered a problem that not only benefits from using polymorphism and information hiding but is virtually impossible to implement without these techniques.

Toward Unified Design of Hardware and Software Components Using ${\bf C} \!+ \! + $

The increasing complexity of current embedded systems is pushing their design to higher levels of abstraction, leading to a convergence between hardware and software design methodologies. In this paper, we aim at narrowing the gap between hardware and software design by introducing a strategy that handles both domains in a unified fashion. We leverage on aspect-oriented programming and object-oriented programming techniques in order to provide unified <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\rm C}\! +\! + $</tex> </formula> descriptions of embedded system components. Such unified descriptions can be obtained through a careful design process focused on isolating aspects that are specific to hardware and software scenarios. Aspects that differ significantly in each domain, such as resource allocation and communication, were isolated in aspect programs that are applied to the unified descriptions before they are compiled to software binaries or synthesized to dedicated hardware using high-level synthesis tools. Our results show that our strategy leads to reusable and flexible components at the cost of an acceptable overhead when compared to software-only C/ <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\rm C} \!+ \! + $</tex> </formula> and hardware-only <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\rm C} \!+ \! + $</tex> </formula> implementations.

Web System Dedicated to Parallel Computation for Modeling of Mushy Steel Deformation

Abstract The paper presents web base system for an application of parallel object-oriented programming technique in modelling of rolling process of steel plates with semi-solid zone. It also throws light on the problem of semi-solid steels yield stress relationship, one of the main input data of the simulation, and on application of inverse solution, the only possible method of development of the stress-strain curves at extremely high temperatures. Due to limitations of available computer resources a very accurate computation can sometimes be impossible or the time performance can be a barrier for practical application of complex sequential models. Taking advantage of parallel computing the authors have developed an algorithm allowing for fast computation using multiple processors, which is the main subject of the presented paper.

Cosmo++: An object-oriented C++ library for cosmology

This paper introduces a new publicly available numerical library for cosmology, Cosmo++. The library has been designed using object-oriented programming techniques, and fully implemented in C++. Cosmo++ introduces a unified interface for using most of the frequently used numerical methods in cosmology. Most of the features are implemented in Cosmo++ itself, while a part of the functionality is implemented by linking to other publicly available libraries. The most important features of the library are Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies power spectrum and transfer function calculations, likelihood calculations, parameter space sampling tools, sky map simulations, and mask apodization. Cosmo++ also includes a few mathematical tools that are frequently used in numerical research in cosmology and beyond. A few simple examples are included in Cosmo++ to help the user understand the key features. The library has been fully tested, and we describe some of the important tests in this paper. Cosmo++ is publicly available at http://cosmo.grigoraslanyan.com.

FREE-FORM SURFACE SUBDIVISION METHOD FOR CAR STYLE DESIGN

Bezier patches subdivision and manipulation methods are developed to design 3–D automobile surface models in this study. A program is constructed based on the object–oriented programming technique with the language C++. With this tool, the designer can construct the desired car styles started with a basic configuration by subdividing the surfaces and manipulating the continuity between the connected patch boundaries. The local shape control of a region is performed by subdividing a surface. Although the Bezier surfaces arc used, the shortcoming of lack of flexibility in local control can be prevented. This approach also easily avoids cracks between patches and surfaces. Thus, it is suitable for the generation of a 3–D surface model for many engineering applications.

Introduction to Develop Some Software Programs for Dealing with Neutrosophic Sets

In this paper, we have developed an Excel package to be utilized for calculating neutrosophic data and analyze them. The use of object oriented programming techniques and concepts as they may apply to the design and development a new framework to implement neutrosophic data operations, the c# programming language, NET Framework and Microsoft Visual Studio are used to implement the neutrosophic classes. We have used Excel as it is a powerful tool that is widely accepted and used for statistical analysis. Figure 1 shows Class Diagram of the implemented package. Figure 2 presents a working example of the package interface calculating the complement. Our implemented Neutrosophic package can calculate Intersection, Union, and Complement of the nuetrosophic set. Figure 3 presents our neutrosphic package capability to draw figures of presented neutrosphic set. Figure 4 presents charting of Union operation calculation, and figure 5 Intersection Operation. nuetrosophic set are characterized by its efficiency as it takes into consideration the three data items: True, Intermediate, and False.

Formula Translation in Blitz++, NumPy and Modern Fortran: A Case Study of the Language Choice Tradeoffs

Three object-oriented implementations of a prototype solver of the advection equation are introduced. The presented programs are based on Blitz++ (C++), NumPy (Python) and Fortran's built-in array containers. The solvers constitute implementations of the Multidimensional Positive-Definite Advective Transport Algorithm (MPDATA). The introduced codes serve as examples for how the application of object-oriented programming (OOP) techniques and new language constructs from C++11 and Fortran 2008 allow to reproduce the mathematical notation used in the literature within the program code. A discussion on the tradeoffs of the programming language choice is presented. The main angles of comparison are code brevity and syntax clarity (and hence maintainability and auditability) as well as performance. All performance tests are carried out using free and open-source compilers. In the case of Python, a significant performance gain is observed when switching from the standard interpreter (CPython) to the PyPy implementation of Python. Entire source code of all three implementations is embedded in the text and is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL license.

Research on the Control System of Flexible Polishing Machine Based on the Motion Control Card

According to the difficulties encountered polishing Non-circular busbar axisymmetrical workpiece, analysis of Non-circular busbar axisymmetrical workpiece polishing requirements, proposes a new model of flexible polishing machine. Then according to the control precision and the developing cost into consideration, determine the "PC+ motion control card" as a form of structure of control system for polishing machine. In this paper, through the analysis of the polishing machine model, established the polishing machine control functions and tasks of each part, formulated the overall hardware frame of polishing machine control system. Then accrod of the polishing function in the program, using vc++6.0 development of form a complete set of application software. In the process of software development, The polishing machine control system operation platform for Windows xp, Using the object-oriented and modularized programming technique, designed and developed Man-machine interface , the initialization module, status display module, parameters setting module, operation module, fault diagnosis module and so on, each part is independent and interrelated, and through calling the dynamic link library. to control the GT400SV motion control card directly.

CU++: an object oriented framework for computational fluid dynamics applications using graphics processing units

The application of graphics processing units (GPU) to solve partial differential equations is gaining popularity with the advent of improved computer hardware. Various lower level interfaces exist that allow the user to access GPU specific functions. One such interface is NVIDIA's Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) library. However, porting existing codes to run on the GPU requires the user to write kernels that execute on multiple cores, in the form of Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD). In the present work, a higher level framework, termed CU++, has been developed that uses object oriented programming techniques available in C++ such as polymorphism, operator overloading, and template meta programming. Using this approach, CUDA kernels can be generated automatically during compile time. Briefly, CU++ allows a code developer with just C/C++ knowledge to write computer programs that will execute on the GPU without any knowledge of specific programming techniques in CUDA. This approach is tremendously beneficial for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code development because it mitigates the necessity of creating hundreds of GPU kernels for various purposes. In its current form, CU++ provides a framework for parallel array arithmetic, simplified data structures to interface with the GPU, and smart array indexing. An implementation of heterogeneous parallelism, i.e., utilizing multiple GPUs to simultaneously process a partitioned grid system with communication at the interfaces using Message Passing Interface (MPI) has been developed and tested.

An approach to prioritize the regression test cases of object-oriented programs

We propose a regression test case prioritization technique for object-oriented programs. We first construct an intermediate graph model of a program from its source code. When the program is modified, the model is updated to reflect the changes. Our constructed model represents control and data dependencies, and information pertaining to various types of dependencies arising from object-relations such as association, inheritance and aggregation. We determine the affected nodes in the model by constructing the union of the forward slices corresponding to each changed model element. A test case that covers a larger number of affected model elements is given higher priority. Our experimental results indicate that our approach on an average achieves an increase in the APFD metric value by 25.70 % as compared to a related approach.

Obfuscation for object-oriented programs: dismantling instance methods

Code obfuscation can help software developers protect technological secrets. Code readability is greatly enhanced with object-oriented technology that represents dynamic binding using instance method invocation. Therefore, dismantling instance methods is proposed in this paper as a critical obfuscating technique for object-oriented programs. The interception classes are interpolated first into the project. The static images and the up forwarders are then created. For each virtual function system and each interface function system, a respective dispatching function is set up. By properly arranging the class identifiers and binding identifiers, the switch statement in the dispatching function can be compiled into constant-time low-level code. After using dispatching functions to simulate virtual function system or interface function system invocations, all original instance methods in the project will be removed. Interception functions and export functions are indispensable in supporting the operation of callback methods. A prototype of our obfuscation system was implemented and successfully tested on some practical scale applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A new approach to very short term wind speed prediction using k-nearest neighbor classification

Wind energy is an inexhaustible energy source and wind power production has been growing rapidly in recent years. However, wind power has a non-schedulable nature due to wind speed variations. Hence, wind speed prediction is an indispensable requirement for power system operators. This paper predicts wind speed parameter in an n-tupled inputs using k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classification and analyzes the effects of input parameters, nearest neighbors and distance metrics on wind speed prediction. The k-NN classification model was developed using the object oriented programming techniques and includes Manhattan and Minkowski distance metrics except from Euclidean distance metric on the contrary of literature. The k-NN classification model which uses wind direction, air temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity parameters in a 4-tupled space achieved the best wind speed prediction for k=5 in the Manhattan distance metric. Differently, the k-NN classification model which uses wind direction, air temperature and atmospheric pressure parameters in a 3-tupled inputs gave the worst wind speed prediction for k=1 in the Minkowski distance metric.

Technological Convergence Under Windows: An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming

This article will discuss the various windowing systems which are currently (or will be shortly) available. The difficulties of developing under these new environments will lead into a discussion of object-oriented programming techniques and how they can be used to facilitate the development of complex windows-based programs.

Open and efficient type switch for C++

Selecting operations based on the run-time type of an object is key to many object-oriented and functional programming techniques. We present a technique for implementing open and efficient type switching on hierarchical extensible data types. The technique is general and copes well with C++ multiple inheritance. To simplify experimentation and gain realistic performance using production-quality compilers and tool chains, we implement a type switch construct as an ISO C++11 library, called Mach7. This library-only implementation provides concise notation and outperforms the visitor design pattern, commonly used for case analysis on types in object-oriented programming. For closed sets of types, its performance roughly equals equivalent code in functional languages, such as OCaml and Haskell. The type-switching code is easier to use and is more expressive than hand-coded visitors are. The library is non-intrusive and circumvents most of the extensibility restrictions typical of the visitor design pattern. It was motivated by applications involving large, typed, abstract syntax trees.

Object-oriented modeling for three-dimensional multi-block systems

This paper presents an object-oriented computer model for three-dimensional multi-block systems based on the object-oriented programming (OOP) technique. The intricate structures of rock systems are deciphered by implementing an object-oriented analysis (OOA), and a universal class library is developed using an object-oriented design (OOD). The geometries of a multi-block system are created by cutting a computational domain into element-blocks and then combining the element-blocks into complex-blocks (convex or concave). The established multi-block system model would be available for various discontinuum-based methods. A computer program, BLKLAB, is developed based on the proposed method, and a case study is performed on a large-scale, underground, water-tight oil depot.

3차원 콘텐츠의 효율적인 병렬 시각화를 위한 CUDA 환경 기반 객체 지향 프로그래밍 기법

본 논문에서는 3차원 콘텐츠의 효율적인 병렬 시각화 프로그래밍을 위한 CUDA(Compute Unified Device Architecture) 환경에서의 객체 지향 플랫폼을 제안한다. 이러한 목적을 위해 GPU 프로그래밍을 위한 CUDA 환경에서의 C++ 객체 지향 프로그래밍의 특성과 제약을 논의하고 그 해결 방안을 제시하며 MVC (Model/View/Controller) 디자인 패턴에 기초한 3차원 병렬 시각화 플랫폼의 구현을 제안한다. 또한 이 MVC 디자인 패턴에 따라 적분형 MLS(iMLS)와 부호 거리장(SDF)을 이용한 3차원 모델링 기법을 Marching Cubes 및 Raytracing으로 시각화하는 예제의 구현을 논의한다. 제안하는 방법은 간단한 인터페이스의 구현만으로 GPU 병렬 처리가 자동화된다는 특징이 있으며 개발자 입장에서 객체 지향 프로그래밍의 일반적인 장점들, 즉, 코드 관리 용이성, 코드 재활용 등의 이점을 추상화와 상속을 통해 병렬 환경에서도 실현한다. 본 논문에서는 제안하는 플랫폼에 대해 두 가지 사례만 구현했으나 다양한 모델링 기법과 시각화 기법을 조합할 수 있기 때문에 컴퓨터 그래픽스 전반에서 널리 활용 가능할 것으로 기대한다. This paper presents a parallel object-oriented programming (OOP) platform for efficient visualization of three-dimensional content in CUDA environments. For this purpose, this paper discusses the features and limitations in implementing C++ object-oriented codes using CUDA and proposes the solutions. Also, it presents how to implement a 3D parallel visualization platform based on the MVC (Model/View/Controller) design pattern. Also, it provides sample implementations for integral MLS (iMLS) and signed distance fields (SDFs) based on the Marching Cubes and Raytracing. The proposed approach enables GPU parallel processing only by implementing simple interfaces. Based on this, developers can expect general benefits that are common in general OOP techniques including abstractization and inheritance. Though I implemented only two specific samples in this paper, I expect my approach can be widely applied to general computer graphics problems.

The Development of GSM Mobile Phone MMI Software

This article discusses the design and implementation of MMI software of GSM mobile phone. In this design, object-oriented programming techniques are used. The way to design the interface between chip and MMI hardware of GSM is introduced too. These skills make the software has clear program structure, high code efficiency and good reusable modules. In this article the development of GSM mobile phone MMI software modules organization, window management techniques, and shortcuts are talked about.