Object-oriented Modeling Approach Research Articles

Acausal equation-based and object-oriented modeling of heating systems: The College Thermal library

With the growing demand for adequate thermal comfort and increasingly sophisticated and interconnected energy systems, software tools able to easily and effectively study complex thermal systems need to be developed. Here, a novel acausal equation-based and object-oriented modeling (OOM) approach is used to model the seasonal performance of a residential heating system taken as a case study. To this end, a purpose-built library named College Thermal was developed using Modelica language in the Wolfram System Modeler simulation environment. In detail, dynamic simulations under varying operating conditions were performed to assess the ability of the system to ensure the design conditions, and to estimate the resulting energy consumption during the heating season. Then, the effect of key parameters of the thermal components on the overall energy performance of the system is analyzed. The developed OOM library, which is characterized by interoperability, modularity, and scalability features and thus could easily incorporate extensions/evolutions of the studied system, would be prospectively suitable for optimizing system layouts and testing control strategies in various thermal engineering applications.

Development of Covid-19 Patient Data Submission Application at RT/RW (Sublocal/Local Area Governments) to Public Health Center Based on The Web

Indonesia becomes one of the countries known with the highest positive cases of COVID-19 in the world. Every day there are new positive cases reported to the health facilities. Currently health facilities still use reporting data system for corona affected patient manually using files. This causes a lot of spaces used for storage or files which increases every day and affecs the service that becomes slower. The purpose of this research is to build an application that makes it easier for RT/RW in submitting and reporting data, and there is no need for in-person meetings to provide COVID-19 patient data to local health facilities. The development of this application uses an object-oriented modeling approach (UML) using the waterfall method. The programming languages used are PHP and javascript with Bootstap framework. The result of this research is a patient data reporting application that can facilitates health facilities in managing and increasing data validity to accelerate the handling of COVID-19 in Indonesia

Design Design of Information System Monitoring Complaints Targeting COVID-19 Vaccination for the General Public Based on the Web (Case Study of Bandung Health Office)

Bandung Health Office as a Health Agency that always provides quality services is currently focused on handling pandemics, especially in the implementation of vaccination programs as a strategy to combat the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, monitoring of complaints experienced by the community after vaccination is required. The problem experienced today is the unavailability of containers to accommodate and manage data on COVID-19 vaccination complaints using the information system. The purpose of this research is to design a website-based information system that supports the process of monitoring and handling COVID-19 vaccination complaints in the Bandung Health Office by presenting informative and transparent data so as to facilitate the public in reporting and obtaining complaint information easily. The system development method uses waterfall model, while the system functional design method uses object-oriented modeling approach with Unified Modelling Language (UML). Black box test results obtained a 100 percentage of system functionality success. Evaluation test results with System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire obtained the final test score of 77.6 with Acceptable category and B Grade Scale. So based on the test results, the system can run easily according to the needs of the user. This research resulted in a web-based information system that makes it easier for health workers to efficiently manage COVID-19 vaccination complaint reporting data.

Toward Object-oriented Modeling in SCCharts

Object orientation is a powerful and widely used paradigm for abstraction and structuring in programming. Many languages are designed with this principle or support different degrees of object orientation. In synchronous languages, originally developed to design embedded reactive systems, there are only few object-oriented influences. However, especially in combination with a statechart notation, the modeling process can be improved by facilitating object orientation as we argue here. At the same time the graphical representation can be used to illustrate the object-oriented design of a system. Synchronous statechart dialects, such as the SCCharts language, provide deterministic concurrency for specifying safety-critical systems. Using SCCharts as an example, we illustrate how an object-oriented modeling approach that supports inheritance can be introduced. We further present how external, i.e., host language, objects can be included in the SCCharts language. Specifically, we discuss how the recently developed concepts of scheduling directives and scheduling policies can be used to ensure the determinism of objects while retaining encapsulation.

Physical modelling and computer simulation of the cardiorespiratory system based on the use of a combined electrical analogy

ABSTRACT Modelling the human cardiorespiratory system using computer simulation tools can serve to help physicians to comprehend the causes and development of cardiorespiratory diseases. The objective of this paper is to develop an integrated model of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, along with their intrinsic control mechanisms, by combining analogous hydraulic-electric and diffusion-electric circuits, respectively. This modelling task is performed in object-oriented language in SIMSCAPE using the physical interconnected components to define the underlying dynamic equations. Simulation steady state results under rest and under variable physical exercise conditions, as well as under limiting conditions show a high qualitative agreement with clinical observations reported in literature. This object-oriented modelling approach, based on the combined use of electrical analogies, proves to be avaluable tool as a test bench for different strategies aimed to qualitative prediction of the effects of cardiorespiratory interactions during exercise, thus avoiding the formulation of complex mathematical models.

Routing Nutrient Concentrations in a River Reach Using an Object-Oriented Modeling Based on the Concepts of System Dynamics

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) are key nutrients in eutrophication. This phenomenon has been mostly studied in lakes and reservoirs. Eutrophication could not be controlled in lakes and reservoirs due to water stationarity. In order to mitigate the rate of eutrophication, we should determine specific points in a river reach and control the rate of eutrophication by implementing possible solutions. Also we should take into account as many as possible sources of nutrients entering into water bodies in a watershed scale including farm lands and waste water to determine the point of effect in decision-making. To reach this aim, an object-oriented modeling approach based on the concepts of system dynamics (SD) is used in this paper. It aims to build a model capable of considering dynamic feedback loops influencing the flow of nutrients in a watershed for managerial purposes. A watershed composed of different sub basins is set out as a system to configure its objects and their associations. Also physical rules are used as main equations to clarify the inter-relationships of different objects within the system. In this research, the qualitative feature refers to the amount of N and P parameters, which are the main factors of eutrophication phenomenon. The results of study show that the model is capable of estimating the value of discharge and the concentration of N and P in a river reach as well. The value of R2 for both calibration and validation at Doab stations are 0.61, and 0.5 respectively. Also the value of R2 is 0.73 and 0.65 for of N and P concentration, respectively.

Predesign of a flexible multibody system excited by moving load using a mechatronic system approach

In this paper, a new analytical approach to object oriented modeling is presented for the predesign of a multibody system. We investigate the dynamic behavior of a system of interconnected components using the modeling language Modelica. In engineering, beam-masses are often used as design models. In fact, the considered system is composed of a flexible beam subjected to a moving load and supporting one or more translating elastic subsystems. Each subsystem is controlled by a vibration absorber and the structure is affected dynamically only through the moving character of the load. The problem of calculation of the dynamic response of this system is very important in many engineering applications such as in the predesign and analysis of a robotic portal systems, machine tools and bridge crane systems. The object oriented modeling approach will be presented to demonstrate the importance of this approach to parametric investigation. It will illustrate how subsystems from Modelica Standard Library can be connected to the developed structure in order to study the vibrational behavior of such a system. For validation purpose, results are compared with those reported in the literature.

Process Innovation and Improvement Using Business Object-Oriented Process Modelling (BOOPM) Framework

In the past decades, a number of methodologies have been proposed to innovate and improve business processes that play an important role in enhancing the operational efficiency of an organisation in order to attain business competitiveness. Traditional business process modelling (BPM) approaches are process-centric and focus on the workflow, ignoring the data modelling aspects that are essential for today’s data-centric landscape of modern businesses. Hence, a majority of BPM initiatives have failed in several organisations due to the lack of data-driven insights into their business performance. On the other hand, the information systems of today focus more on dataflows using object-oriented modelling (OOM) approaches. Even standard OOM approaches, such as unified modelling language (UML) methods, exhibit inherent weaknesses due to their lack of formalized innovation with business objects and the dynamic control-flows of complex business processes. In addition to these issues, both BPM and OOM approaches have been augmented with an array of complex software tools and techniques which have confused businesses. There is a lack of a common generalized framework that integrates the well-formalised control-flow based BPM approach and the dataflow based OOM approach that is suitable for today’s enterprise systems in order to support organisations to achieve successful business process improvements. This paper takes a modest step to fill this gap. We propose a framework using a structured six-step business process modelling (BPM) guideline combined with a business object-oriented methodology (BOOM) in a unique and practical way that could be adopted for improving an organisation’s process efficiency and business performance in contemporary enterprise systems. Our proposed business object-oriented process modelling (BOOPM) framework is applied to a business case study in order to demonstrate the practical implementation and process efficiency improvements that can be achieved in enterprise systems using such a structured and integrated approach.

Modeling Crop Genetic Resources Phenotyping Information Systems.

Documentation of phenotype information is a priority need in biodiversity, crop modeling, breeding, ecology, and evolution research, for association studies, gene discovery, retrospective statistical analysis and data mining, QTL re-mapping, choosing cultivars, and planning crosses. Lack of access to phenotype information is still seen as a limiting factor for the use of plant genetic resources. Phenotype data are complex. Information on the context, under which they were collected, is indispensable, and the domain is continuously evolving. This study describes comprehensive data and object models supporting web interfaces for multi-site field phenotyping and data acquisition, which have been developed for Central Crop Databases within the European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources over the years and which can be used as blueprints for phenotyping information systems. We start from the hypothesis, that entity relationship and object models useful for software development can picture domain expertise, similar as domain ontologies, and encourage a discussion of scientific information systems on modeling level. Starting from information requirements for statistical analysis, meta-analysis, and knowledge discovery, models are discussed in consideration of several standardization and modeling approaches including crop ontologies. Following an object-oriented modeling approach, we keep data and object models close together and to domain concepts. This will make database and software design better understandable and usable for domain experts and support a modular use of software artifacts to be shared across various domains of expertise. Classes and entities represent domain concepts with attributes naturally assigned to them. Field experiments with randomized plots, as typically used in the evaluation of plant genetic resources and in plant breeding, are in the focus. Phenotype observations, which can be listed as raw or aggregated data, are linked to explanatory metadata describing experimental treatments and agronomic interventions, observed traits and observation methodology, field plan and plot design, and the experiment site as a geographical entity. Based on clearly defined types, potential links to information systems in other domains (e.g., geographic information systems) can be better identified. Work flows are shown as web applications for the generation of field plans, field books, templates, upload of spreadsheet data, and images.

An Object-Oriented Modeling Approach for Production Scheduling on CNC-Machines in Flexible Manufacturing System to Maximize Cutting Tool Utilization

This paper discusses production scheduling problems on CNC-machines having a set of cutting tools in a Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) to maximize the cutting tools utilization. This objective has been selected because it is frequently found that cutting tools are under-utilized as they are used far below their respective lifetime limits. We will consider the situation where several identical CNC-machines are operated in an FMS; each of which is equipped with the same cutting tool configuration. The jobs to be scheduled are machining parts, and each of the parts requires one to two stages of processes, and each of the stages consists of several sequential operations, where a specific operation requires a certain type of cutting tool. Whenever a certain cutting tool is being used, the time consumption will be accumulated to calculate its remaining lifetime. The assignment of an operation to a particular CNC-machine will be based on the sufficiency of the cutting tool remaining lifetime to complete the operation. We formulate the problem in a mathematical model and then solve it using a solution method based on the object-oriented modeling approach, where the FMS elements are grouped as classes of the objects, i.e. the CNC-machine, the cutting-tool, the product (job) and the storage classes. Numerical examples show that the proposed solution method can effectively solve the scheduling problem.

A Boundedly Rational Day-to-Day Rerouting Model with Dynamic Indifference Band and Net Marginal Cost Preference

This paper suggests factoring both dynamic indifference band (DIB) and marginal decision rule into boundedly rational day-to-day traffic dynamics modeling. To this purpose, a relative indifference band based DIB is employed to capture the variation of indifference band against dynamical network traffic conditions, and the net marginal cost preference (NetMCP) is newly introduced and quantified to replace the routine marginal cost preference as an amended behavior criterion for rerouting decision. To concentrate on the essence, DIB and NetMCP are mathematically formulated into the traffic evolution equation of the classical proportional-switch adjustment process with a new revision protocol, leading to the present dynamically bounded rational swapping process with NetMCP (DBRSP-NetMCP), of which the stationary state is defined and proved. It is also proved that DBRSP-NetMCP is a bounded rational behavior swapping process; and given separable link travel times, DBRSP-NetMCP is globally stable. It is numerically demonstrated that i) an object-oriented modelling approach may cause obvious deviation in rerouting behavior from the behavior-oriented one, and thus is inadvisable to model the day-to-day traffic dynamics; and ii) both DIB and NetMCP show striking effect on traffic evolution, and NetMCP helps to shorten the evolution path towards the stationary states, which may contribute to better the performance of a swapping algorithm to solve the deterministic traffic equilibrium.

Computational Modelling of Liver Metabolism and its Applications in Research and the Clinics.

Computational models of liver metabolism are gaining an increasing importance within the research community. Moreover, their first clinical applications have been reported in recent years in the context of personalised and systems medicine. Herein, we survey selected experimental models together with the computational modelling approaches that are used to describe the metabolic processes of the liver in silico. We also review the recent developments in the large-scale hepatic computational models where we focus on object-oriented models as a part of our research. The object-oriented modelling approach is beneficial in efforts to describe the interactions between the tissues, such as how metabolism of the liver interacts with metabolism of other tissues via blood. Importantly, this modelling approach can account as well for transcriptional and post-translational regulation of metabolic reactions which is a difficult task to achieve. The current and potential clinical applications of large-scale hepatic models are also discussed. We conclude with the future perspectives within the systems and translational medicine research community.

Towards a reference model for the cold chain

PurposeGeneric business process models for the supply chain do not cover the specific requirements of the cold chain catering to the needs of temperature-sensitive, perishable goods. The purpose of this paper is to draft a reference model specific to the cold chain.Design/methodology/approachFollowing an object-oriented modeling approach, conceptual elements that have been synthesized from a literature review are transferred into the static view (object model) of the reference model. In addition, the reference model’s dynamic properties representing the business process view are outlined.FindingsWhile a few atomic process steps are sufficient to model the cold chain’s dynamic properties, the complexity of the cold chain lies in the object model. The classes of the object model are highly interrelated and cover four domains: perishable product, information technology, infrastructure/equipment and regulatory framework. This technical approach is more adequate to the complex nature of cold chains than typical business process models.Research limitations/implicationsIn the present draft status, the reference model is limited by the pure conceptual approach of this paper. As it is in the nature of things for a draft of a reference model, case studies to challenge the draft and a discourse of experts are required before detailed specifications can be added or any software implementation can be started. It is expected that the reference model is able to substantially support further research on cold chain design and optimization.Practical implicationsThe cold chain reference model is intended to be a standard toolbox for planning and evaluating cold chains. By integrating the technical, information technology and regulatory objects behind the business processes, it allows to design and analyze cold chains from a more holistic perspective.Originality/valueTo the best knowledge of the author, this paper is the first to outline a reference model for the cold chain that goes beyond the business processes.

Performance Analysis of Solar-Assisted Desiccant Cooling System Cycles in World Climate Zones

The demand for affordable, environment-friendly, and reliable water conditioning systems has led to the introduction of several standalone and/or hybrid alternatives. The technology of desiccant evaporative cooling (DEC) has proven to be dependable and has gained success at places where initially it was deemed unfeasible. Today, a number of related technologies and configurations are available. Among them, solar-assisted desiccant cooling system (SADCS) offers a cheap eco-friendly alternative, especially in hybrid configurations. Most studies have investigated the performance of numerous SADCS configurations in specific climatic conditions; however, at the global- and system-level scale, no such study is available. The current study investigates five different SADCS configurations using equation-based object-oriented modeling and simulation approach in five different climatic conditions. The selected climatic conditions cover a wide range of global weather data including arid/semiarid (Karachi), dry summer tropical (Adelaide), and mesothermal (Sao Paulo, Shanghai) to continental conditions (Vienna). The performance of all selected SADCS configurations (ventilation cycle, recirculation and ventilated-recirculation cycles, dunkle and ventilated-dunkle cycle) is analyzed for specified cooling design day of the selected cities. A uniform system control strategy based on the idea of displacement distribution (ventilation) system is used for each configuration and climatic zone. By monitoring their performances based on the values of cooling capacity (CC) and coefficient of performance (COP), the best SADCS configuration is proposed for each considered climatic condition in the world. The results revealed that the climates of Vienna, Sao Paulo, and Adelaide favor the use of ventilated-dunkle cycle configuration with average COP of 0.36, 0.84, and 0.93, respectively, while ventilation cycle based on DEC configuration suits the climate of Karachi and Shanghai with an average COP of 2.32 and 2.90, respectively.

An Object-Oriented Modeling Approach to Virtual Prototyping of Marine Operation Systems Based on Functional Mock-Up Interface Co-Simulation

This paper presents an object-oriented modeling (OOM) approach to model development of marine operation systems, specifically the hydraulic systems of marine cranes. Benefited from the rapid development of computation technology, many modeling and simulation techniques and software tools have proved to be very useful during the product and system development process. However, due to the increasing complexity of the physical systems, many challenges still exist regarding model flexibility, model integration, simulation accuracy, stability, and efficiency. The goal of introducing OOM to complex dynamic systems is to provide flexible, effective, and efficient models for different simulation applications. Previous work presented a virtual prototyping (VP) framework based on the functional mock-up interface (FMI) standard. The advantage of using FMI co-simulation is that modeling and simulation of stiff and strongly coupled systems can be distributed. As a result, the modeling tradeoffs between simulation accuracy and efficiency can be evaluated. The essential features of OOM and its application within dynamic operation system domain are highlighted through a case study. These features include model causality, model encapsulation, and inheritance that facilitate the decomposition and coupling of complex system models for co-simulation. The simulation results based on the proposed VP framework showed speedups in the computation efficiency at the cost of moderate accuracy loss.

Equation-Based Object-Oriented modelling and simulation of large-scale Smart Grids with Modelica

The design, control, and management of large-scale Smart Grids poses a number of challenging problems. Successfully addressing them requires high-level, flexible, efficient and scalable dynamic modelling and simulation frameworks. In this paper, the requirements for such frameworks are first stated. Then, it is shown how the equation-based, object-oriented modelling approach and the Modelica modelling language can fit those requirements.

Object-oriented modelling of wind turbines and its application for control design based on nonlinear dynamic inversion

ABSTRACTThis article presents the object-oriented modelling of wind turbine aero-elastics. The article details the undertaken modelling approach and demonstrates its validity by comparing the results to a domain-specific simulation tool. The resulting object-oriented models can be generically adapted to meet different tasks or combined with models from other domains. Also the combination object-oriented Modelica and functional mock-up interface technology enable a rapid design of nonlinear controllers. As one possible application example, the article presents the model-based design of a corresponding controller. Its goal is to extend the turbine lifetime by reducing the structural loads. To this end, a modern control scheme is proposed that takes full advantage of the underlying object-oriented modelling approach. The controller is based on nonlinear dynamic inversion control methods combined with pseudo control hedging. The controller uses wind speed measurement information to adjust to wind gust load. Simulation-based comparisons to conventional control designs show a large potential reduction of the gust load on the wind turbine using the proposed controller.

Computational Modeling of Lipid Metabolism in Yeast.

Lipid metabolism is essential for all major cell functions and has recently gained increasing attention in research and health studies. However, mathematical modeling by means of classical approaches such as stoichiometric networks and ordinary differential equation systems has not yet provided satisfactory insights, due to the complexity of lipid metabolism characterized by many different species with only slight differences and by promiscuous multifunctional enzymes. Here, we present an object-oriented stochastic model approach as a way to cope with the complex lipid metabolic network. While all lipid species are treated objects in the model, they can be modified by the respective converting reactions based on reaction rules, a hybrid method that integrates benefits of agent-based and classical stochastic simulation. This approach allows to follow the dynamics of all lipid species with different fatty acids, different degrees of saturation and different headgroups over time and to analyze the effect of parameter changes, potential mutations in the catalyzing enzymes or provision of different precursors. Applied to yeast metabolism during one cell cycle period, we could analyze the distribution of all lipids to the various membranes in time-dependent manner. The presented approach allows to efficiently treat the complexity of cellular lipid metabolism and to derive conclusions on the time- and location-dependent distributions of lipid species and their properties such as saturation. It is widely applicable, easily extendable and will provide further insights in healthy and diseased states of cell metabolism.

An Object-Oriented Modelling of Production Scheduling for Flexible Manufacturing System

This paper presents an object-oriented modelling approach to production scheduling for FMS. The purpose of this study is to prepare a simulation tool to try a method of production scheduling that allocates jobs to the machines and cutting tools in an FMS. This model is developed by using Pharo as the language software for object-oriented programming through UML system design. This model consists of three types of classes. The first type is the Equipment-class, which related to the physical equipment in the FMS, for example machining-centers, cutting tools, pallet stocker, stacker crane. The second type is the Product-class that related to the information how to process the product. This class has sub-class such as process plan, machining operation and required cutting tools. The third class is the Production Planning and Controlling (PPC) class, which related to create the schedule to equipment. The PPC-class has sub-classes such as the daily order or job, job sequence, job allocation on machine and scheduling methods. A numerical example is provided in this paper to show that the object-oriented model for FMS and production scheduling is verified. The FMS consist of four identical machining centers and eight jobs. Each job has a process plan that requires some specific cutting tool types. The method for production scheduling in this model is Shortest Processing Time (SPT). The production scheduling performance is measured in this model.

객체지향 물리적 모델링 기법을 활용한 BIM기반 통합 건물에너지 성능분석 모델 구축 및 활용을 위한 프레임워크 개발 - 건물 열부하 시뮬레이션 중심으로 -

Purpose: This paper presents a framework development for BIM (Building Information Modeling)-based OOPM (Object-Oriented Physical Modeling) for Building Thermal Simulation. The framework facilitates decision-making in the design process by integrating two object-oriented modeling approaches (BIM and OOPM) and efficiently providing object-based thermal simulation results into the BIM environment. Method: The framework consists of a system interface between BIM and OOPM-based building energy modeling (BEM) and the visualization of simulation results for building designers. The interface enables a BIM models to be translated into OOPM-based BEM automatically and the thermal simulation from the created BEM model immediately. The visualization module enables the simulation results to be presented in BIM for building designers to comprehend the relationships between design decisions and the building performances. For the framework implementation, we utilized the Modelica Buildings Library developed by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as a thermal simulation solver. We also conducted an experiment to validate the framework simulation results and demonstrate our framework. Result: This paper demonstrates a new methodology to integrate BIM and OOPM-based BEM for building thermal simulation, which enables an automatic translation BIM into OOPM-based BEM with high efficiency and accuracy.