Object-oriented Analysis Research Articles

Quantification of Loess Landforms from Three-Dimensional Landscape Pattern Perspective by Using DEMs

Quantitative analysis of the differences and the exploration of the evolution models of different loess landform types are greatly important to the in-depth understanding of the evolution process and mechanism of the loess landforms. In this research, several typical loess landform areas in the Chinese Loess Plateau were selected, and the object-oriented image analysis (OBIA) method was employed to identify the basic loess landform types. Three-dimensional (3D) landscape pattern indices were introduced on this foundation to measure the morphological and structural features of individual loess landform objects in more detail. Compared with the traditional two-dimensional (2D) landscape pattern indices, the indices consider the topographic features, thereby providing more vertical topographic information. Furthermore, the evolution modes between different loess landform types were discussed. Results show that the OBIA method achieved satisfying classification results with an overall accuracy of 88.12%. There are evident differences in quantitative morphological indicators among loess landform types, especially in indicators such as total length of edge, mean patch size, landscape shape index, and edge dimension index. Meanwhile, significant differences are also found in the combination of loess landform types corresponding to different landform development stages. The degree of surface erosion became increasingly significant as loess landforms developed, loess tableland area rapidly reduced or even vanished, and the dominant loess landform types changed to loess ridge and loess hill. Hence, in the reconstruction and management of the Loess Plateau, the loess tableland should be the key protected loess landform type. These preliminary results are helpful to further understand the development process of loess landforms and provide a certain reference for regional soil and water conservation.

Migrating rivers, consequent paleochannels: The unlikely partners and hotspots of flooding

Furious floods have become an omnipresent reality with the dawn of climate change and its transition to adulthood. Since climate change has now become an accepted reality, analysing the factors that favour or disfavour floods are an urgent requirement. Here we showcase the role of paleochannels, a product of migrating rivers, in a catastrophic flood in the south-western part of the Indian Peninsula. This study exposes whether these geomorphic features facilitate or impede floods. For the purpose of extracting paleochannels and floodwater mapping, we utilized multiple satellite datasets and took advantage of diversified feature selection algorithms. Paleochannels were demarcated viz., initial identification of a few paleochannels from literature and confirmation through high-resolution Google Earth (GE) images, followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of Sentinel-2 images using Google Earth Engine (GEE), and a supervised classification of the principal bands 1, 2, and 3. False-positives were eliminated using Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA), which reduced the 964,254 polygons to 23,254. These polygons were visually affirmed using GE images that resulted in 115 paleochannels as the final collection. A few locations were verified through Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using the Schlumberger method. The features were analysed with the floodwaters of the 2018 catastrophic flood, extracted from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, which was delineated for different temporal limits including the day of peak flood of August 17, 2018. During the peak flood, the inundation of the study area extended to 534.86 km2 with all the paleochannels getting immersed in floodwater. After 44 days of peak flood, the post-flood analysis revealed that when the floodwater receded 50%, the paleochannels emptied 87.39%, with the midland paleochannels discharging more than those of lowlands. Thus, such geomorphic features can be flood hotspots, but can be considered for discharging floodwater to mitigate flood risk in case of unprecedented rain.

System of Parametric Modelling and Assessing the Production Staff Utilisation as a Basis for Aggregate Production Planning

The requirement to achieve effective solutions in the shortest possible time in the manufacturing environment is essential, and it can be solved only by effective production planning methods. The scientific problem is that traditional methods for creating and assessing the production plans are insufficient for the future and it is necessary to look for new alternatives. The planners in the framework of designing the production layouts and subsequent capacity planning of the employees are missing the information, methods and tools for making clear decisions. The production costs in general and especially the costs for the workforce create a large part of the operating costs in many manufacturing enterprises. The scientific goal of the article is to present a design of the system for parametric modelling and assessing the working utilisation of the production staff intended for reducing costs. The described solution is based on object-oriented analysis and contains a methodology of planning and controlling the production process in the industrial environment. The designed methodology was used for developing a planning module of project software and was shown through a case study in a company dealing with the production of automotive components. Effective modelling of the digital copy of the manufacturing system in the software environment is one of the most difficult and important steps for developing reliable information systems for planning and inspection in the industry. The methodology’s results in a company are that the solution can be used as a basis for the aggregate production planning that brings savings and efficiency increases. The research results can be used in any company with strictly defined working positions, working activities, and limiting conditions.

Detection of Flood Damage in Urban Residential Areas Using Object-Oriented UAV Image Analysis Coupled with Tree-Based Classifiers

Timely clearing-up interventions are essential for effective recovery of flood-damaged housing, however, time-consuming door-to-door inspections for insurance purposes need to take place before major repairs can be done to adequately assess the losses caused by flooding. With the increased probability of flooding, there is a heightened need for rapid flood damage assessment methods. High resolution imagery captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offers an opportunity for accelerating the time needed for inspections, either through visual interpretation or automated image classification. In this study, object-oriented image segmentation coupled with tree-based classifiers was implemented on a 10 cm resolution RGB orthoimage, captured over the English town of Cockermouth a week after a flood triggered by storm Desmond, to automatically detect debris associated with damages predominantly to residential housing. Random forests algorithm achieved a good level of overall accuracy of 74%, with debris being correctly classified at the rate of 58%, and performing well for small debris (67%) and skips (64%). The method was successful at depicting brightly-colored debris, however, was prone to misclassifications with brightly-colored vehicles. Consequently, in the current stage, the methodology could be used to facilitate visual interpretation of UAV images. Methods to improve accuracy have been identified and discussed.

Derivation of spatially detailed lentic habitat map and inventory at a basin scale by integrating multispectral Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and USGS Digital Elevation Models

Aquatic habitats are essential for aquaculture, agriculture, and municipal water supply. The geographical location and quantitative information about the aquatic habitats are critical for inventorying, monitoring, and managing these valuable resources. This paper presents a novel method that integrates the object-oriented image analysis and DEM-based stream network analysis to map and quantify lentic aquatic habitats, using freely available ESA Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery and USGS DEMs. This integrated method has been applied to the entire Mobile River Basin, USA, and lentic habitats at the basin scale have been delineated and inventoried at the 10-m spatial resolution. The surface water pixels of aquatic habitats are extracted through the Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique (ISODATA) unsupervised classification of the Sentinel-2 multispectral images. An object-oriented image analysis approach is then used to group contiguous water pixels to form and map discrete aquatic habitat objects. The stream network in the basin has been hydrologically derived from the USGS DEMs at the 10-m spatial resolution. The combination of the geometric and shape information from the object-oriented image analysis and hydrological information from the DEM-based stream network analysis enables the separation of lotic and lentic habitats. A set of planimetric, geometric, and shape attributes has been numerically derived for each lentic habitat object. The abundance pattern, shape pattern, and spatial distribution pattern of the lentic habitats in the basin have been analyzed. The vast majority of the aquatic habitat objects identified in the Mobile River Basin are lentic habitats. The most striking spatial pattern of lentic habitats is that small, oblong lakes and fish ponds are densely distributed along the Black Prairie Belt in the basin, laying the foundation for the catfish aquacultural industry in the regions of mid-west Alabama and east Mississippi. This research demonstrates that the integration of the recently emerged Sentinel-2A/B satellite multispectral imagery with USGS DEMs represents an effective approach to the inventory and environmental investigation of lentic habitats at a basin scale.

Improving object-oriented land use/cover classification from high resolution imagery by spectral similarity-based post-classification

To classify an image, traditional classifiers depend mainly on the spectral and/or textural distinctions between different land-cover units, while this study attempts to explore the properties of statistical distinction. Using the historical classification results, we present a novel algorithm for imagery classification that achieves high accuracy, automation and efficiency. Based on object-oriented image analysis, it exploits the advantages of d ch (the Chaudhuri’s metric) using a multi-step approach, and the objective is not to reclassify an image, but to refine or update the existing land-use/-cover classification results by comparing the pairwise d ch value (namely similarity) between different image segments. Finally, the similar/homogeneous segments will be confirmed as their original class labels, while the inhomogeneous/dissimilar segments will be masked out with an appropriate threshold on the similarity image and be relabelled. We have systematically evaluated the algorithm by running it on the basis of the existing GIS base maps, which indicated the good performance of it.

Optimization Of An Online Store Price Recommendation System Using Hybrid

Recommender Systems (RSs) are software tools and techniques that provide suggestions for items that are most likely of interest to a particular user. We take a look at the online-store price recommendation system, the processes and methodology and the steps taken to design the system. We will also evaluate the research methodology and elaborate on the basic functionalities of the recommendation system. Store price Recommender Systems (RSs) are software tools and techniques that provide suggestions for products that are most likely of interest to a particular user. This paper aim to design and develop an online store price recommendation system using Hybrid techniques, its goal is to suggest viable products to users and also provide real time cost/price of products. The system is based on user’s evaluation of items or previous purchases records. However, this has been known to expose two major issues: sparsity problem and scalability problem The proposed system is designed using the Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology (OOADM) owing to the fact that it is a data driven methodology and concentrates on several views and perspectives of data. The system to be developed is an online web application that allows interaction from both user and administrator.

Design and Implementation of a Unified Identity Number System in Nigeria Using Object Oriented Programming Approach

This study covers the exploration of the integrity of the national identification system in Nigeria, and thus, helps to minimize the existence of multiple forms of identities with the aid of a unified resident’s identification number system that will provide a platform that links all existing identities of residents as well as providing each resident with a unique identity number. The system provides ease of access to all citizens identification registry. This system is an android based system developed and implemented with XML and java programming language. Firebase database was deployed as the database engine because of real time features. OOADM (object-oriented analysis and design methodology) was used as the choice of methodology because it is the best choice for web-based and android applications. Simple front-end validation was used to authenticate users’ entry (input of invalid characters). Google authenticator served as the third-party random number generator for the new unique identity number.

Web-Based Programming of Geographic Information System Programming Of Broken Road Mapping In Kampar Regency

In Kampar Regency, congestion occurs at many points, both on protocol roads and village roads. In addition to the fact that Kampar Regency has a large population, the density of transportation or congestion that occurs is also caused by damage to roads. This is also a factor that causes traffic accidents on the highway. The damage to the road could not be handled quickly by the Kampar government. This is because Kampar Regency has a fairly large area, and the survey process that must be carried out is quite time-consuming and costly. Difficulties are also experienced by the community who wants to report a road damage, including because they do not know the procedure that must be done to report it. The Road Reporting System, offers a reporting mechanism, where the reporter can send his report anywhere in Kampar Regency to the Department of Highways of Kampar Regency. The purpose of this research is to make it easier for the public to report damaged road conditions using a damaged road reporting system website that can be accessed online. . The research method used in this research is the waterfall method. This waterfall method has a sequential flow of software starting from planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. This system design uses Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Object-Oriented Analysis Design (OOAD). The programming language used is PHP Framework Yii and MySQL database.

Web-Based Planning of Geographic Information System Mapping of Broken Roads in Kampar Regency

Road is a land transportation infrastructure and transportation route that is very vital at this time. Damage to the road is a big problem for some people who use the road every day. Kampar Regency during 2020 damaged roads including high, lightly damaged asphalt surface conditions 59.20 km, gravel heavily damaged along 4.00 km, and heavily damaged dirt road surface conditions along 2.80 km. Damage to roads in Kampar Regency can cause various kinds of losses, such as obstruction of road access to the destination, accidents, and damage to vehicles due to passing through bumpy and potholed roads, thereby increasing vehicle repair operational costs. Damage to roads can be overcome by making plans in a web of public complaints to the authorities in reporting the location of damaged roads. The purpose of this research is to help make it easier for the public when reporting damaged roads to PUPR by using the online damaged road reporting system by entering their name and email. The research method used in this research is the waterfall method. This waterfall method has a sequential flow of software starting from planning. The design of this system uses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Object-Oriented Analysis Design (OOAD).

A Cloud Computing Platform On File Storage And Sharing Using Rijndeal Algorithms

In today’s business world, every organization, companies and private individuals store their files online which is being monitored by untrusted individuals (Third Party) which are the manager and owner of cloud. Optimized security mechanism for file storage and sharing in a cloud computing platform using Rijndeal encryption algorithms is a platform to optimize the security of file and document against fraudsters. The goal of this paper is to implement file storage and sharing in a cloud computing platform using Rijndeal encryption algorithm. The proposed system aid encryption and sharing of encrypted files, it also lock the files in cloud before sharing it and ensure that users have full control of their files by using two factor authentications mechanism and encrypting the files before storing it which will prevent it from being hacked. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design methodology (OOAD) was used to analyze and design the system, whereas the implementation was carried out using PhP and My-SQL database management system. The accomplishment of this project enables firms, individuals and companies to store files and document in cloud environment without fear of any kind.

Research on modeling of equipment supporting command automation system based on colored petri net

UML (Unified Modeling Language) has become the factor standard for object-oriented analysis and design modeling. The design result of the UML-based equipment support command automation system model is a static representation of the system, while the nature of the equipment support command automation system is dynamic. Colored Petri Net (Colored Petri Net, CPN) has a strong description ability, a rigorous mathematical foundation and a variety of analysis methods, and it can be run in simulation. A method for mapping from UML products to CPN (Colored Petri Nets) executable models that can be used for logic, behavior, and performance evaluation of the architecture is proposed. First, the general description of UML modeling of the equipment support command automation system is carried out. Then it elaborated the process of the equipment support command automation system mapping from UML products to CPN to build executable models.

A Research on Object Oriented Programming and Its Concepts

Object Oriented Software Engineering(OOSE) is popular and widely used in developing the real time complex projects and products due to innovations in the Software Engineering and the Development of Software Industry. Object Oriented Programming(OOP) is one of the key elements of Object Oriented Software Engineering(OOSE) besides Object Oriented Analysis(OOA) and Object Oriented Design(OOD).Object Oriented Programming(OOP) is one of the Programming Paradigms for the past few decades. The OOP Paradigm Has oven taken the Procedure Oriented Paradigm or POP, where real time complex projects an products can be developed by using OOP in an easy and reliable way. The main difference between the Object Oriented Programming(OOP) and Procedure Oriented Programming(POP) is “Data controlling access to Code” in OOP where as “Code acting on Data” in POP. In this Paper I am going to discuss about the Principles of Object Oriented Programming(OOP) , its concepts and some of the Popular and widely used Object Oriented Programming Languages. I also discussed the difference between Object Oriented Programming and Procedure Oriented Programming. Merits and Issues of Object Object Oriented Programming

Web-based document certification system with advanced encryption standard digital signature

<span>Web-based degree document certification system with a digital signature in Semarang University has a purpose to support academic to do online document certification through a system. The main problem which occurs in academic administration is a long document certification process that causes an ineffective and inefficient certification process. To solve the problem, a system that can encrypt a document for better security is required. This system is built with the advanced encryption standard algorithm with a 128-bit sized key to encrypt confidential information inside the document. During the encryption process, this algorithm operates using 4x4 bit array blocks and passing many encryption processes for at least 10 (ten) times. The application is analyzed with object-oriented analysis and modeled with Unified modeling language. The result of this research is a system which can secure document with AES algorithm with a 256-bit sized key. The security element in this algorithm will make easier to identify the owner of the document. The secured document is easily accessible through PHP-based web or available QR code. When decrypting the document, the application will activate the camera function and decrypt the information document.</span>

Implementasi Sistem Informasi Bongkar Muat KIP INNI Pada PT. Gusti Glori Sukses Pangkalpinang

In managing the administrative data of loading and unloading production suction vessels at PT. Gusti Glori Sukses still uses manual administrative data management. All recapitulation of company administrative documents is still archived on sheets of paper, document preparation is still manual, which is considered less effective and efficient. Because data collection is still inaccurate, the effect on report presentation and administrative data processing tends to be slow. So that PT. Gusti Glori Sukses wants to have an information system for managing the loading and unloading administrative data of production suction vessels that is accessed internally which makes it easier for the company to run the company's operations smoothly. An information system that is made must be effective and in accordance with needs. The research method used in the development of this information system uses object-oriented design and analysis methods, with the FAST model, and the tools used are the Unified Modeling Language (UML). With the implementation of the information system for loading and unloading production suction vessels at PT. Gusti Glori Sukses based on computerization, all problems faced can be resolved, so that the administration of loading and unloading production suction boats can run optimally so that it becomes more effective and efficient.

Learning Software Development through Modeling using an Object Oriented Approach with Unified Modeling Language: A Case of an Online Interview System

This paper demonstrates the learning of software engineering through modeling using Object-Oriented Analysis and Design approach with Unified Modeling Language. An online interview management system case project to the whole class was used to develop the software requirement specification. Through modelling, the processes to be considered in software development were also elaborated, where it starts with the identification of major or basic processes of the domain of application, followed by the identification of activities to be performed under each basic process and, finally, transforming the activities highlighted in the functional requirements presentation. Modeling was practised by students through group case projects, and students were active, engaging and focusing on the learning process in such a way that more than 85.9% of students had the courage to attempt design questions during university examinations.

Application of Genetic Algorithm to Optimize Lecture Scheduling Based on Lecturers’ Teaching Day Willingness

The scheduling of lectures is an important activity that is carried out every beginning of the semester. The process of making a lecture schedule in the Informatics Engineering Study Program of Universitas Catur Insan Cendekia Cirebon still uses office applications, so it takes a long time to complete. This is because certain criteria or conditions that make the scheduling of lectures complicated, such as the willingness of teaching days and courses for each lecturer to differ and the availability of parallel classes. The research methods used consist of several stages, namely data collection, analysis, and system design, as well as the implementation of software created. The method of data collection used is observation and library study. The method of analysis and design of the system used is Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) using Unified Modelling Language (UML). Applications created using the PHP programming language with the Yii Framework and MySQL as databases, as well as applying genetic algorithms to solve scheduling problems. The result of this research is a lecture scheduling application used by BAAK Staff to create a lecture schedule in the Informatics Engineering Study Program. The application of this application can save time in the creation of lecture schedules.

Depth Semantic Segmentation of Tobacco Planting Areas from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing Images in Plateau Mountains

The tobacco in plateau mountains has the characteristics of fragmented planting, uneven growth, and mixed/interplanting of crops. It is difficult to extract effective features using an object-oriented image analysis method to accurately extract tobacco planting areas. To this end, the advantage of deep learning features self-learning is relied on in this paper. An accurate extraction method of tobacco planting areas based on a deep semantic segmentation model from the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing images in plateau mountains is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the tobacco semantic segmentation dataset is established using Labelme. Four deep semantic segmentation models of DeeplabV3+, PSPNet, SegNet, and U-Net are used to train the sample data in the dataset. Among them, in order to reduce the model training time, the MobileNet series of lightweight networks are used to replace the original backbone networks of the four network models. Finally, the predictive images are semantically segmented by trained networks, and the mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) is used to evaluate the accuracy. The experimental results show that, using DeeplabV3+, PSPNet, SegNet, and U-Net to perform semantic segmentation on 71 scene prediction images, the mIoU obtained is 0.9436, 0.9118, 0.9392, and 0.9473, respectively, and the accuracy of semantic segmentation is high. The feasibility of the deep semantic segmentation method for extracting tobacco planting surface from UAV remote sensing images has been verified, and the research method can provide a reference for subsequent automatic extraction of tobacco planting areas.

Design of school development information system in the district

The development of primary schools in a district needs to be monitored to make it easier for the education office to manage primary school resources effectively. This monitoring can be done through a system that provides information about the profiles of principals, teachers, and students in each elementary school in the district area. Documents containing primary school data are sometimes so numerous that a paper-free computerized information system can be chosen to overcome them. Based on these problems, the purpose of this study is to build an information system for elementary school development in web-based districts. This information system is designed using the Unified Approach method which consists of stages of object-oriented analysis, design and programming. The results of the study are systems that can store school data, school principals, teachers and students to make school progress reports per school year. The resulting system can be studied by users in the education office in about two hours with an absorption rate of 87%. The benefit gained is that it is known that the development of elementary school conditions in all districts is used to plan further development of primary schools.

Онтологічний підхід до консолідації 3D-моделей об’єктів історико-культурної спадщини та ГІС

The development of the information society, the rise of the knowledge economy, the implementation of the latest technologies in the IT industry have provided the opportunity for free mass access to the digitized heritage of world civilization using augmented and virtual reality in three-dimensional space. The leaders in modeling the three-dimensional geometry of real heritage conservation objects are 3D panorama and 3D GIS technologies, the combination of whose capabilities has not yet become widespread. The paper subject is the processes of consolidation of ontological 3D models of heritage conservation objects and geoinformation systems for the formation of virtual excursion routes, which will provide new opportunities in the study of the world cultural, historical, scientific digital documentary heritage by integrating transdisciplinary distributed information resources describing the selected object into a piece of unified information and research space. The paper purpose is to increase the efficiency of user interaction with distributed information resources and museum knowledge systems by creating models and developing a method and on their based on – information technology for the formation of transdisciplinary virtual museum spaces, the implementation of ontological interaction in their environments with the integrated use of spatially distributed information based on integration with geoinformation systems through an ontological interface. Objectives: to analyze modern approaches and the most common software tools for 3D modeling of heritage conservation objects; to develop an infological model of an ontological excursion route; formalize the process of dynamic redistribution of heritage conservation objects during the excursion; to develop an algorithm for consolidating 3D models of heritage conservation objects and GIS for the formation of an excursion route. To achieve this goal, a set of methods was used: to develop operational ontological models of heritage conservation objects – system analysis, set theory, graph theory, to formalize knowledge representation – algebraic-logical and obvious methods; for software implementation of information technology – design patterns and object-oriented analysis. The following results were obtained: analysis of software solutions for three-dimensional representation and analysis of data in GIS made it possible to determine that most of them are intended only for geometry visualization and do not have information management tools; it is shown that the most suitable for practical implementation in terms of including time, labor and financial resources is GIS with integrated 3D panoramas of heritage conservation objects; it was determined that the ontological approach to the consolidation of multi-format data, created according to various standards and technologies, provides a solution to the problems of heterogeneity and interoperability of transdisciplinary distributed information resources that describe heritage conservation objects, is the most appropriate and effective; an algorithm for the consolidation of 3D models of heritage conservation objects and GIS for the formation of an excursion route is presented; an ontological model of an excursion route is presented, the taxonomy of which is implemented in the form of a graph. Conclusions. The conceptual and system-technical foundations of the transdisciplinary representation of models of heritage conservation objects with the integrated use of distributed information, in particular geographic information, including the format of ontological interaction in the form of an excursion in the GIS environment, have been developed.