Object Of Sociological Study Research Articles

“Living law” and human rights as a value-based coordinate system

The article considers the concept of human rights in terms of sociology of law. The modernization and expansion of the interpretationof human rights in the context of the sociological approach are emphasized. It is noted that the term “human rights” is quite comp -lex, its semantic meaning is multifaceted, it can be interpreted as philosophical, as political (if demonstrated, for example, as an objectof political will), as legal (if positioned, for example, as a subject of judicial protection), and as sociological (if studied as a social phenomenonby means of public opinion). From the sociological point of view, the understanding of the term “human rights” encompassesseveral aspects expanding its content. Firstly, the main purpose of human rights is to ensure the individual’s dignity, the conditions forthe realization of his or her rights, including: a) the system of international and national norms enshrining the individual’s status, therules of relations between individuals and between an individual and a state; b) a social opportunity provided by a norm and protectedby the state and belonging to a specific subject. Secondly, human rights, along with other sociological terms and categories, are integratedinto sociology as they are directly and inextricably linked to various aspects of public life.It is emphasized that without ensuring the rights and freedoms of all social strata and groups, it is impossible to create a fullfledgeddemocratic system. At the same time, it is through the structures and institutions of civil society that the basic rights and freedomsof all citizens are ensured, including those who are under investigation, serving sentences or having been declared incompetentdue to any reason.It is concluded that human rights in its sociological interpretation are a phenomenon integrated in society, which has its ownexpressed social nature, internal and external subject relations and interdependence of various aspects; human rights belong to everyone,and their ensuring serves as a guarantee for socially active behavior. From the sociological point of view, this synthesis of nume -rous aspects of the concept of human rights allows proposing the concept of human rights, according to which they are the object ofsociological study of reality, its integral component.

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ КЛИМАТ В КОЛЛЕКТИВЕ КАК ОБЪЕКТ СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИЗУЧЕНИЯ

The socio-psychological climate of the collective is a sociocultural phenomenon. It is an object of study in a number of sciences and fields of knowledge. The relevance of its study is due to its high practical significance. First of all, we are talking about the influence of the socio-psychological climate on the effectiveness of the team and the organization as a whole. Nevertheless, it is possible to single out not only the applied aspect of the study, but also the theoretical aspect. This means the need to increase theoretical knowledge in the field of collectives as microsystems. The author notes that the socio-psychological climate of the team is an interdisciplinary object of study, but most definitions of the concept are psychological in color. The article presents a methodological analysis of the concept, from a sociological point of view. In sociology, the socio-psychological climate is studied in different theoretical paradigms, namely: in the framework of systemic, communicative and interpretative approaches, theories of exchange and conflict; theories of subcultures. In addition, the socio-psychological climate as an object of study of sociology is at the intersection of various sectoral sociology (sociology of the "middle level"). So, the socio-psychological climate of the team is studied by the sociology of small groups, the sociology of labor and professions, the sociology of organizations, the sociology of personality, the sociology of conflict, network sociology. Based on theoretical analysis the author has identified a number of concepts that limit the field of sociological research of the socio-psychological climate of the team: the quality of relations, solidarity, trust, tight social ties, job satisfaction, the "rules of the game", value unity, and others. It is concluded that the object of sociological study, in the end, is the quality of social relations in the collective and is a sociocultural phenomenon that functions in the communicative space of the collective.

Sociological Approach to Human Rights Research

The article deals with the concept of ‘human rights’ in terms of sociology of law. The emphasis is laid on updating and expanding the interpretation of human rights in the context of the sociological approach. It is noted that the term ‘human rights’ is rather complex, it conveys different meanings, it can be interpreted both as a philosophical one and as a political one, and as a legal one, and as a sociological one. From the standpoint of sociological science, the understanding of the term ‘human rights’ covers several aspects that extend its meaning. Firstly, the main purpose of human rights is to safeguard the dignity of individuals, the conditions for the realization of their rights. Secondly, human rights, along with other sociological terms and categories, are integrated into sociological science, since they are directly and inextricably linked with different aspects of a society's life. It is concluded that human rights in their sociological interpretation are the phenomenon of reality which is integrated into society and has its pronounced social nature, internal and external subject relations and interdependence of various aspects; they belong to everyone without exception, and their provision serves as a pledge of socially active behavior. Such a synthesis of numerous aspects of the concept of ‘human rights’ from the standpoint of sociological science makes it possible to propose a construct of human rights, according to which they are an object of sociological study of reality, its integral part.

Практики питания как объект социологического изучения

Практики питания как объект социологического изучения

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ "ТЕРРИТОРИЙ ТРЕЗВОСТИ" В СЕЛЬСКИХ ПОСЕЛЕНИЯХ И ПОСЕЛКАХ В КОНТЕКСТЕ МЕСТНОГО САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ: СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ

The article presents the main results of the practical research on “sobriety territories”, conducted in 2017 by the research group ZIRCoN. The methodological basis for the study was formed by the materials of three expeditions conducted in the orenburg region, the Republic of Altai and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with the participation of the author. The expeditions results facilitated defining the main factors-incentives and barriers to making a collective decision to ban the sale of alcohol in rural settlements and townships. Article gives the definition of “sobriety territory” as an object of sociological study and for the first time in Russian sociology it presents a classification of “sobriety territories”. As an example, a detailed description of one of the cases – the village of Byas’-Kyuyol’ (the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)) is given. The peculiarities of the formation of “sobriety territories” are considered in the article in the context of the features of local self-government in Russia.

Science as an object of sociological study

Abstract.-“Science as an object of sociological study” presents a theoretical reflection about the attributes of science that makes it a sociological matter of interest. Since science operates in a world composed of strong territorial, linguistic, cultural and political / ideological differences, it has been in the midst of a controversy between those who maintain that it is determined by social factors and those who conceive it as an entity that develops with a relative autonomy of them. The article argues that the tension between one conception and another diminishes when conceiving the rigorousness that distinguishes scientific methodology, not only as cognitive rules but also as symbolic ways which have been created and shared socially to materialize the consubstantial ethical principles of scientific rationality. Keywords: Sociology of Science, Scientific Knowledge, Scientific Method, Ethic of Science La Ciencia Como Objeto de Estudio Sociológico Resumen.- "La ciencia como objeto de estudio sociológico" presenta una reflexión teórica sobre los atributos de la ciencia que la convierten en una cuestión de interés sociológico. Dado que la ciencia opera en un mundo compuesto por fuertes diferencias territoriales, lingüísticas, culturales y político / ideológicas, ha estado en medio de una controversia entre quienes sostienen que la misma está determinada por factores sociales y aquellos que la conciben como una entidad que se desarrolla con una relativa autonomía de ellos. El artículo argumenta que la tensión entre una concepción y otra disminuye al concebir la rigurosidad que distingue a la metodología científica, no solo como reglas cognitivas sino también como formas simbólicas que se han creado y compartido socialmente para materializar los principios éticos consustanciales de la racionalidad científica. Palabras clave: Sociología de la Ciencia, Conocimiento Científico, Método Científico, Ética de la Ciencia.

Wat telt als godsdienstsociologie?

In 1960, the Dutch journal of the Catholic Social-Ecclesial Institute (Kaski) Sociaal Kompas became Social Compass. This shift rounded off a period now considered as the heyday of Dutch sociology of religion. Ironically, in those years, Catholic sociologists in particular contested the legitimacy of taking religion as an object of sociological study. Each period in the history of sociology of religion appears to present a different face of it due to the interplay between the political field, the religious field, and the academic field, while the self-identification of its practitioners as sociologists of religion is far from self-evident. After 1980, further secularization resulted in a subsequent decline of chairs in sociology of religion. As direct, competitive government funding of academic research gained traction, the social-scientific study of religion continues to be funded. In so far as politicians and religious professionals continue to be concerned about issues such as the rise of Islam and new spirituality, the call for the social-scientific study of religion remains. The identification of these researchers with sociology of religion as a specialty, however, is less self-evident. What makes a sociologist of religion?

El noticiario cinematográfico en Argentina. Un estado de la cuestión

En este artículo se analizan las principales contribuciones realizadas desde las ciencias sociales al estudio del noticiario cinematográfico producido en Argentina. Se toma en cuenta tanto la historia del género como las conceptualizaciones propuestas desde las perspectivas semiótica y sociohistórica y se define su especificidad a partir del estudio de aquello que lo homologa y lo diferencia del cine documental y la prensa gráfica. El aporte del mismo consiste, por lo tanto, en sistematizar, analizar y poner en discusión los conceptos y teorizaciones formulados hasta la fecha para arribar, a partir de ellos, a una perspectiva analítica original que construya al noticiario cinematográfico como un objeto de estudio sociológico.

Social Functions of Clothes: Dress as an Object of Sociological Study

Addresses the key interdisciplinary approaches to the study of clothes as well as basic conceptual models of the sociological analysis of dress. The authors believe that in any sociological research, it is not reasonable to use just one approach and argue that a combination of diverse approaches optimised for a specific task matches better. Nevertheless, the semiotic approach offers the most interesting and effective tools for the interpretation of clothes’ functions and codes in a changing cultural and historical context.

Religion and Television in the Arab World: Towards a Communication Studies Approach

AbstractThis paper explores the contribution communication studies can make towards a better scholarly understanding of religious talk on Arab television. It offers four theoretical avenues, backed up by examples, to address not only what is at stake in the televising of religion on Arab channels but also the validity of adopting a communication studies approach. First, the political economy of communication can situate religious programs as a link in the chain of a veritable industry of religious by-products and services, where commercial benefits are not guaranteed. Secondly, discourse analysis situates religious speech on television at the intersection of internal and external logics, to consider how much religion there is in religious programs. Thirdly, to theorize religious talk in terms of the public sphere is to problematize the application of a concept with historically specific connections (to the Enlightenment) to discussion of non-Western contemporary reality. Fourthly, conceptual tools from sociological audience studies can help us to see whether the craze for religious programs is related to their intrinsic qualities or whether there are other, more contextualized, ways of reading the relationship that viewers maintain with on-screen religion. The four pathways proposed here converge in seeing religious talk on television as a social phenomenon and, as such, capable of being construed as an object of sociological study.

Des causes aux conséquences du divorce : histoire critique d'un champ d'analyse et principales orientations de recherche en France

L’article presente une histoire critique de la constitution du divorce comme objet d’etude sociologique et rend compte des principales orientations actuelles de recherche en France dans ce domaine. Sensible au contexte politique dans lequel elle s’est developpee, la sociologie du divorce a longtemps ete influencee par des considerations ideologiques, comme en temoigne l’opposition de Durkheim au retablissement du divorce par consentement mutuel. L’etude sociologique du divorce prend veritablement son essor lors de la refonte du Code civil a la fin des annees 1960, alors que se constitue derriere le doyen Carbonnier une equipe de recherche interdisciplinaire chargee de faire progresser la connaissance de la divortialite des Francais. La demographie quantitative occupe alors une place centrale dans les recherches. A partir des annees 1980, face a la banalisation du divorce dans la societe francaise mais aussi devant le developpement des unions sans mariage et des separations sans divorce, la sociologie du couple connait un tournant a la fois theorique, methodologique et epistemologique. Elle se consacre des lors quasi exclusivement a l’apres-divorce, delaissant les causes et les processus de rupture. Une rapide comparaison internationale montre que l’analyse causale et statistique du divorce reste, au contraire, tres presente a l’etranger.

Le politique dans le travail du sociologue de l'entreprise

Joseph Romano, Politics and Policy in the Work of the Sociologist of Business Enterprise When the « enterprise » is the object of sociological study and no longer « work », sociology tends to valorize management at the expense of knowledge and its critical function. This approach, which eliminates the political dimension so fundamental to social science, contributes to an unbalenced legitimation of an essentially economic logic. Since the 1980s, a particularly important example of this phenomenon is the creation of institutions designed to integrate businesses and universities. The question is how the intervention of the State in scientific policy has influenced or even determined the work of the sociologist. this phenomenon is the creation of institutions designed to integrate businesses and universities. The question is how the intervention of the State in scientific policy has influenced or even determined the work of the sociologist.

Chagga Truth: A note on Gutmann's account of the Chagga concept of truth in Das Recht der Dschagga

Opening ParagraphGutmann's Das Recht der Dschagga is one of the classics of anthropology, for it is based on that sound and valid knowledge of a people which, even when outdated, sets standards for knowledge and its presentation. Here I wish to consider only one of the most stimulating chapters of the book, that containing Gutmann's analysis of Chagga concepts of truth, veracity, lying, and feeling guilty.Before turning to a critical appreciation of this Chagga material, I should like to outline, as briefly as possible, my own viewpoint. First, I must insist that any concept of truth to which observable behaviour relates and which can thereby be made the object of sociological study, is something very different from a logician's concept of truth. I do not mean by this that the Westerner, holding the logician's concept of truth, finds among the Chagga another and incompatible sort of concept.

The Power Phenomenon

O 0WER is a basic social phenomenon which has interested humanity from Homer and the Greek tragedies until our day. The struggle for political power is one of the main features of history and dominant themes of literature. Statesmanship is the art of using political power adequately. Revolutionists sometimes devote their whole lives to the gaining of power, i.e., of getting dominant positions in a large social group. The phenomenon of power has been analyzed many times, but usually in only one of its aspects and from some specific point of view, such as the power of the state, and, as this is power in its most complex form, students have not succeeded in finding suitable explanations. The power phenomenon in its totality has received little scientific study. Generally, it has been studied from the legal point of view. Students have tried, and still try, to describe according to legal rules what human behavior ought to within a power structure. This is, of course, useful, but it does not explain adequately how the state and personal or collective dominators actually exercise their power. In this connection, only the to dominate has been studied; the readiness to obey has been neglected. This will frequently was conceived as similar to individual will; such procedure was necessarily valueless for causal explanation of the actual power phenomenon. Developing an idea already expressed by Hume,' the Russian jurist Korkunoff made an attempt to explain the phenomenon of power from the opposite side. For him, the domination ascribed to the monarch or to the state is an illusion. What actually exists is the sentiment of submission common to all citizens, their feeling of dependence on leaders.2 This was an important but insufficient step towards explaining the power phenomenon. If the sentiment of dependence does not correspond to any actuality, Korkunoff's theory is like explaining religion as an invention of priests. If the sentiment of dependence corresponds to something really existing, the problem remains unsolved; further research is needed to discover this something. At the end of the nineteenth century, the power phenomenon became an object of sociological study.3 To-day a bibliography of the problem would be rather long.4 However, these studies, some of which are excellent, have