Object Of Legal Regulation Research Articles

Hunting resources as an object of legal regulation

Hunting resources are a special object of legal regulation, in relation to which a specific regime for their protection and use can be established. The current legislation provides for differentiation of requirements in relation to hunting resources, in relation to which a prohibition or permit regime is introduced.The article provides the main examples of establishing appropriate permits or prohibitions related to the extraction of hunting resources, which accordingly form the legal regime for the use and protection of wildlife.

Socio-legal monitoring and its importance for identifying and establishing the limits of the scope of legal regulation

At any stage of the development of the state and society, there arises a need to identify the objective necessity for legal regulation of social relations. In addressing this issue, the legislator is confronted with two main challenges: on the one hand, they must avoid artificially expanding the scope of legal regulation, and on the other hand, unnecessarily narrowing it, since both may diminish the regulatory properties of law, thereby negatively affecting its effectiveness. Establishing the limits of legal regulation necessitates the use of various law-making technologies, which include socio-legal monitoring. The objective of this study is to delineate the essence of socio-legal monitoring as an independent law-making technology and a form of legal activity of the same name that enables setting the limits of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the research comprises the universal dialectical-materialistic method, as well as general scientific techniques (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization, comparison, and some others) and specific scientific methods (formal legal, comparative legal) of scientific knowledge. Socio-legal monitoring is a law-making technology aimed at analyzing and evaluating the content and form of law-making, interpretation, law enforcement activities, legal provisions, as well as public relations by collecting diverse information in order to enhance the efficiency of legal regulation. This law-making technology forms the basis for implementing the same type of legal activity. The social nature of legal monitoring is determined by the inclusion of social relations (the object of legal regulation) among the objects of monitoring, the analysis of which enables to identify the scope of legal regulation and consolidate it as the subject of legal regulation. In terms of identifying and establishing the limits of the scope of legal regulation, three significant types of socio-legal monitoring can be distinguished. The specifics of each type will determine the place and potential use of this technology, as well as its significance: monitoring of public relations, monitoring of interpretive practice and monitoring of law enforcement practice.

UNIVERSAL VALUES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AS LEGAL STANDARDS IN LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE (THEORETICAL-LEGAL ASPECT)

This article is dedicated to a scientific-practical analysis of the provisions of the Law of Ukraine dated August 24, 2023, No. 3354-IX "On Legislative Activity" (hereinafter referred to as the Law), which regulates social relations in the sphere of legislative activity in Ukraine in the context of Eurointegration. Specifically, it addresses activities and regulation related to planning, development, adoption (issuance), application of normative legal acts, and legal monitoring. The article provides an analysis of individual provisions of the law, legal and organizational principles of legislative activity, methods, and the sequence of its implementation, as well as the elimination of gaps and conflicts in normative legal acts. The study's main findings reveal that the Law establishes the framework for legislative activity in Ukraine "from beginning to end," including the delineation of stages in developing draft laws. Specifically, it stipulates that a draft legislative act should be developed based on the concept of the legislative act project. This concept reflects a fundamental approach to regulating social relations, the purpose and objectives of legal regulation, new rights and obligations of legal participants, as well as anticipated socio-economic and other consequences of its implementation upon adoption (issuance) of the legislative act, etc. The departure from the Soviet principle of monopoly on legislative activity entails expanding the circle of subjects who, in accordance with the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, have the right to adopt legislative acts. This also necessitates public oversight of the aforementioned process, requiring a conceptual reconsideration of legal practice in the legislative activity process in Ukraine. Problems related to organizational and legal support have a negative impact on human rights and freedoms, the efficiency of legislative subjects' work, and the overall perfection of the legislative system. This underscores the urgent need for legislative regulation of legislative activity in Ukraine to avoid negative consequences for society and ensure the effective functioning of the country's legal system.

Территориальное планирование агломераций — институт единой публичной власти Российской Федерации

The article presents an analysis of the formation of a new type of documents — long-term plans for the socio-economic development of agglomerations. Based on the idea that agglomeration is an object of legal regulation and is not endowed with legal personality, the consideration of long-term development plans should be positioned as the implementation of the institution of the unity of public power in the Russian Federation.

Співвідношення державного та громадського контролю у сфері охорони здоров’я

The scientific article focuses on factors that indicate the relevance of the study of state and public control in the field of health care as an object of legal regulation. Such factors include the unsatisfactory state of health of the population, the observance of human rights in the field of health care, the quality and efficiency of the medical reform, the quality of the provision of medical services, etc. Therefore, the study of the characteristics of the relationship and legal regulation of state and public control in the field of health care is extremely relevant. In order to thoroughly reveal the purpose of the scientific article, the concept of the category "control" in various spheres of social existence was investigated and the peculiarities of control were considered through the prism of the opinions of experts in legal scientific research. The existing legislative provisions and the established practice of state and public control in the field of health care are analyzed. The existing regulatory and legal basis for monitoring compliance with legislation in the field of health care in Ukraine by the state and public organizations is characterized. The activity of subjects of state and public control and supervision in the field of health care is characterized. The competence and powers, the order of formation and regulation of the performance of their functions by the bodies of state and public control of the supervisory boards at health care institutions and management bodies of the health care system were studied. The procedure for public control by members of observation and public councils is determined. Issues within the competence of the specified councils were considered. It was found that their main authority is to control compliance with the legislation in the activities of a certain authority or health care institution.

Ціннісні виміри правомірної поведінки

The article provides a theoretical and legal analysis of the definition of lawful behavior, an understanding of its criteria, types, mechanism of formation and implementation in modern circumstances. Lawful behavior as a type of social behavior is a complex process of human and law interaction. This interaction consists in the influence of law on the behavior of an individual who, guided by the value system established in his mind, chooses his own model of behavior. It is the values that form and characterize the inner world of an individual: his spiritual state, will, feelings, mind, attitude to the macrocosm. On the other hand, an individual, being in society, performing certain acts and performing specific actions, may not always be educated about their regulation by law, but is mostly able to analyze his own behavior and evaluate it in relation to the task of harming or benefiting other members of society. Lawful behavior is the basis of the legal order of modern civil society and the rule of law. It is through universal observance of lawful behavior that the state is able to perform its delegated functions realistically and optimally, and the right to realize its direct purpose. Therefore, state legal institutions, realizing that the key to their effectiveness is the ability to adopt fair laws and correct decisions that will be followed by society, should act in such a way that will maximally stimulate a lawful model of behavior. The social role of legal behavior is directly related to the social purpose of law. In the process of its implementation, the goals and objectives of legal regulation are achieved. The lawful behavior of an individual in accordance with its results and objective meaning, and is actually a right in action. Legitimate behavior is a socially beneficial activity of an individual aimed at ensuring state, legal, public and personal interests, values and goals. It is a value for the law precisely because the individual itself is a real value for it. It was found that lawful behavior is based on the following basic value elements: legal awareness and legal culture; an individual's understanding that his rights and freedoms are guaranteed by laws and can be optimally implemented in practice; freedom of choice, which enables the individual to act at his own discretion and without any interference; the presence of a special relationship between the government and the individual, when the latter is an equal partner of the state, who participates in decision-making, exercises control over the activities of the state and its institutions, as well as in other processes.

Problems of defining the concept and nature of virtual assets as an object of legal regulation in economic activity in Ukraine

The article reveals the problem of defining the concept and nature of virtual assets through the prism of their legal regulation at the national and international levels. The factors determining the use of virtual assets in economic activity around the world and, accordingly, the relevance of the chosen topic of scientific research are determined: informatization of all areas of social life, technological boom, emergence of new information and communication technologies, which can significantly optimize business processes, globalization processes in the international economy, etc. Attention is focused on the lack of a unified approach to defining the concept and legal nature of a virtual asset and the presence of various approaches to solving this issue in national and foreign science of law: identification of virtual assets with the category of virtual currency; definition of a virtual asset through the concept of "information” or "data”; distinguishing the categories "virtual currency” and "virtual assets” as a part and a whole, etc.
 A conclusion was made about the importance of using the classification of virtual assets according to the criterion of their functional purpose for the formation of the mechanism of their differentiated legal regulation. Attention is also focused on the lack of a single legal approach to determining the essence of virtual assets in the Ukrainian legal system. There were analyzed relevant provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Virtual Assets”, the draft Concept of State Policy in the Field of Virtual Assets, drafts of the Law "On the Circulation of Cryptocurrencies in Ukraine” No. 7183 dated 06.10.2017, the Law "On Stimulating the Market of Cryptocurrencies and Their Derivatives in Ukraine” No. 7183 dated 10.10.2017 and the Law "On Amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine (regarding stimulation of the market of cryptocurrencies and their derivatives in Ukraine)” No. 7246 dated 30.10.2017 in the article. Attention is also focused on the need to harmonize the provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine "On Virtual Assets” in terms of defining a virtual asset as an object of civil rights. As the conclusions of the conducted scientific research, the author identified the conceptual problems of defining the essence and nature of virtual assets as an object of legal regulation and proposed specific ways to solve some of them, namely: specification of the legal definition of virtual assets in the Law of Ukraine No. 2074-IX; consolidation of the legal definition of the nature of the virtual asset; legislative consolidation of activity in the field of virtual assets and virtual currencies in the Classifier of types of economic activity, etc.

Judicial communication as a object of legal regulation

Judicial communication has a great influence on the effectiveness of procedural mechanisms for the protection of violated rights, because in its main manifestation is the actual content of the procedural legal relationship. Despite this, judicial communication does not receive the necessary attention at the legislative level due to the weak theoretical development of this issue. As a consequence of this approach, the full potential of the civil (arbitration) procedural form cannot be implemented, and in some cases neglecting the interests of judicial communication creates obstacles to the right to judicial protection and entails a violation of key principles of the process. Overcoming the negative effects is possible, first of all, by reconsidering the limits of the use in judicial enforcement of the classical legal means of regulating social relations (the rule of law, principles, legal consciousness, legal culture).

К ВОПРОСУ О МЕХАНИЗМЕ ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНОГО ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ И ЕГО ОСНОВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТАХ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПРАВОВЫХ РЕЖИМОВ ПОВЫШЕННОЙ ГОТОВНОСТИ И ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНОЙ СИТУАЦИИ)

The article deals with a comparative analysis of the provisions of the current emergency legislation, which stipulates the procedure for the establishment and implementation of extraordinary (special) legal regimes. It studies the acts of federal legislation regulating the legal regimes of military, state of emergency, emergency situations, counteraction to terrorism and extremist activities, as well as regional legislation on natural and man–made emergencies (a total of 93 normative acts). It also notes that the legislator (especially the regional one) approaches the issue of normative and legal consolidation of the subject of regulation in different ways, the definition and differentiation of the grounds for the introduction of extraordinary (special) legal regimes, the powers of public administration bodies and their officials who ensure the implementation of such regimes. For example, the legislation on the public protection from natural and man-made emergencies, countering terrorism and extremist activities does not provide grounds for the introduction of appropriate regimes. The author reveals a discrepancy between the normative content of the legislative acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of securing the extraordinary powers of the public administration. In order to eliminate uncertainties in the issues of correlation between the objects of legal regulation and the grounds for the introduction of extraordinary (special) administrative and legal regimes, a proposal is substantiated on the need to formulate blank legal norms defining the grounds for the introduction of extraordinary (special) legal regimes and aimed at ensuring their implementation. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion is made that it is necessary to bring into line the content of regulatory legal acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation, which give public administration bodies and their officials extraordinary powers in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergency situations. Possible directions for improving legislation in the sphere are described.

Legal particularities of AI technology usage in real-world data formation

In recent decades, technological progress has contributed to a consistent change in approaches to organizing the provision of medical care in various regions of the world. Electronic data-gathering systems make it possible to create extensive information databases about the health status of the population of certain territories or entire states. The introduction of technological solutions based on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies makes it possible to provide a systematic analysis of large volumes of information, as well as to develop new treatment methods of life-threatening diseases. The use of AI technologies not only has significant potential for improving the organization of medical care, but also brings essential risks of human rights restriction, it may also form discriminatory practices or even cause harm to health. The authors demonstrate the importance of AI technologies in improving separate stages of medical care and the circulation of healthcare technologies, and also present various approaches to defining the notion of “artificial intelligence”, that is a crucial element in specifying the object of legal regulation. The article systematizes the list of threats and challenges to human security associated with the use of AI technologies. The development of legal regulation of this sphere at the national (United States of America) and supranational (European Union) levels is analyzed, and also the main directions of development of this field in the Russian Federation are presented.

Legal Regulation in the Field of Artificial Intelligence: Assessment and Prospects

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need for advanced development of the regulatory framework for the practical application of artificial intelligence technologies and regulation of property turnover of objects equipped with artificial intelligence technologies. Theoretical framework: The combination of information studied in advance by several authors and with the contribution of the findings presented in this work allows maximizing the knowledge of future researchers who decide to study and to determine the role of artificial intelligence within the framework of legal relations. The rapid development of AI technologies raises questions about the need to establish legal norms and regulation. Design/methodology/approach: The research method is a comparative analysis of the current state and legal regulation of artificial intelligence technologies, a conceptual assessment of the impact and characteristics of legal risks of using artificial intelligence technologies. Findings: This study emphasizes the importance of developing appropriate regulations and preparing the legal field for the wider adoption of artificial intelligence. Research, Practical & Social implications: The authors analyze different points of view on how AI should be perceived - as an object of legal regulation or as a subject of law. The authors conclude that artificial cognitive capacity today's intelligence has not yet reached a level of development that allows it to replicate the thought processes of a lawyer in resolving a legal dispute. In addition, artificial intelligence has a huge potential to become an indispensable technological "assistant" of the lawyer, contributing to the improvement of quality and efficiency of legal services.

Subjects of challenging normative legal acts in the court of first instance

The article examines the subjects of contestation of regulatory legal acts in the court of first instance in administrative proceedings. The problem of the subject of law is one of the central problems of the entire theory of law. The subject of law is a necessary element of legal relations, without them it is impossible to build an adequate idea of the functioning of administrative proceedings, since it is impossible to analyze any type of social relations without taking into account the people who carry out these relations. Administrative justice as a form of ensuring the functioning of the legal state considered from two sides: as an institution of judicial control over public administration, regulatory creativity and law enforcement activities; as a complex of legal measures and procedures aimed at protecting the rights of citizens during the resolution of administrative and legal disputes. Legislation determined by the competence of courts of first instance in administrative proceedings. The administrative-legal status of subjects of administrative proceedings realized in the corresponding administrative-legal relations. In the course of these relations, the bodies of the executive power are engaged in regulatory creativity; participate in the implementation of the rights, freedoms and duties of citizens, their protection and protection. The content of legal relations in the field of management is of a public nature. Administrative relations are the object of legal regulation, and administrative legal relations are their legal form. Administrative legal rights of individuals and legal entities in administrative proceedings are recognized and guaranteed by the state, enshrined in the sources of administrative law, the ability to perform actions or refrain from actions within the established limits, to demand from obliged subjects of state, local and other public bodies the implementation certain actions (abstention from implementation) regarding the creation of conditions for the realization of legal opportunities. The effectiveness of public administration activities directly depends on the degree of satisfaction of the legitimate needs of individuals and legal entities, which is determined during the consideration of administrative disputes in courts of first instance.

AXIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PRINCIPLE OF HUMANISM IN CRIMINAL LAW

Criminal law principles are the conceptual basis for the formation of an effective criminal law. In thecurrent Russian legislation, the principles have received normative consolidation, which is positive, theprinciples themselves in this regard should be the basis for the formation of criminal law norms. The authorof the work, using the integration method, studies the principle of humanism, both in general scientificand in a narrowly sectoral meaning, explores the axiological meaning of the principle of humanism. Theintegrative method in scientific research allows us to consider legal phenomena, processes, objects of legalregulation on the basis of methodological approaches of other sciences, not only the humanities, but alsousing mathematical methods, techniques of cybernetics. The article analyzes the criminal-legal significance of the principle of humanism from the perspective of the ratio of punishment and correction, as well as thepriorities of the implementation of the principle under consideration. The author identifies independentelements by means of which the axiological meaning of the principle of humanism is realized in modernRussian criminal law. Such elements include — content, structural, model.

Проблема определения субъектов юридической ответственности за вред, причиненный искусственным интеллектом: анализ путей решения

Abstract: Introduction. The current processes of digitalization, the development and implementation of artificial intelligence have an impact on many spheres of public life. Law is no exception. The danger emanating from artificial intelligence, associated with technical failures, errors, machine learning defects, causes a high probability of harm to legally protected public relations. In this regard, the issues of legal liability are becoming acute.
 The purpose of the research is to study the issue of determining the subjects of legal liability for harm caused by artificial intelligence, to analyze ways to solve it.
 Research methods. The author used the dialectical method of cognition, a set of general scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction), as well as a number of special methods of cognition (formal legal, comparative legal, systemic, functional).
 Results. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that today artificial intelligence cannot act as an independent subject of legal liability due to the fact that it is a technology, the implementation and its use needs legal regulation. Artificial intelligence is considered as an object of legal regulation. Only individuals and legal entities that ensure its functioning can be brought to legal liability for the damage caused by artificial intelligence. The idea of endowing artificial intelligence with legal personality, which is popular in science today, leads away from real issues that need to be solved to ensure its development and large-scale use. The author suggests focusing on those forms of artificial intelligence that surround us at the moment, and considering theoretical and practical issues as applied to them. Not only robotic devices can act as such forms, but also various programs (software) that do not have a cyber-physical shell.

ДО ПИТАННЯ ПРО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ОБ’ЄКТНОПРЕДМЕТНОГО СКЛАДУ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО КОНСТИТУЦІОНАЛІЗМУ

The article examines the theoretical issues and problems of defining the object-subject composition of ecological constitutionalism, as an actual, qualitatively new phenomenon of international legal life and national constitutional-legal reality, systemic and complex phenomenology, which is the result of an integrative and synthetic combination of various factors-tendencies of national constitutional and international legal regulation in conditions of legal globalization. Such an approach is seen as a rather difficult task within the limits of both the modern theory of constitutional law and the modern theory of international law, which operates with a number of new concepts and definitions that indicatively and identifiably reflect the latest trends in state and international development - "human rights in their national and international measurement" , "international legal standards of human rights and freedoms", "global legal trends - trends of state and international development", "soft law", "fundamental principles of international public law and the expansion of their number", "dichotomy of local and global development", finally, "constitutionalization of international law and internationalization of the constitutional legal order of states." It is noted that this is determined, first of all, by powerful horizontal-vertical connections of a managerial nature that arise within the state and its society, functioning in the conditions of global constitutionalism, that is, in the conditions of the presence of general methodological approaches, principles and norms, management paradigms that determine the prospects for the general and further development of the fundamental subjects of general international law, as well as the same functional and methodological approaches to the implementation of domestic and international legal activities of public authorities in relation to the fundamental dominants of the development of statehood - the priority of human rights over the rights of the state, recognition of human rights as fundamental indicators democratic activity of the state and the international community, the principle of the rule of law as the fundamental basis of the connection of the state and its public authority by law, etc. It is proved that solving the question of determining the object-subject composition of ecological constitutionalism is characterized by a number of methodological difficulties. These include, first of all, the issue of clear understanding, interpretation and identification of the categories "object of legal regulation" and "subject of legal regulation". It is also complicated by the innovative and synthetic nature of environmental constitutionalism, which is independently determined by international legal institutions on the basis of relevant identification features. Taking into account the system-complex nature of profile phenomenology, its object is a set of social relations related to the protection and protection of the environment, as well as the rights of a person to the environment, which has an appropriate and safe condition for his life activities. The subject of legal regulation of environmental constitutionalism is social relations that are directly or indirectly related to the environment. Based on the fact that the environment is the fundamental natural space of human life, such relations can be characterized as global, but with the obligatory local, local-regional, regional, state-wide, interstate, macro-regional, global understanding, measured and implemented.

Понятие радиоактивных отходов и отработавшего ядерного топлива в праве ЕС. Преимущества использования отработавшего ядерного топлива

The formation of the unified legal terminology “radioactive waste”, “spent nuclear fuel” and the legal regulation of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel management in the European Union law started in 1992 and was completed in 2011 with Directive 2011/70/Euratom, which became the key legal act for further development of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel management as an object of legal regulation in European Union law. The methods of scientific knowledge based on dialectical and historical materialism, the methods of logical, system-structural and comparative legal analysis were used in the research. With a unified legal toolkit, Directive 2011/70/Euratom has created a legal framework for a more intensive integration of the Member States of the European Union in the nuclear power industry, which further strengthens the unified European nuclear industry. At the same time, it exposed the contradictions between the Member States of the European Union in their approach to the use of spent nuclear fuel. The struggle between the proponents of a closed and open nuclear fuel cycle in European Union law continues. These different approaches are reflected in the laws of the Member States of the European Union, which apply them in their nuclear industries. A compromise has been reached through Directive 2011/70/Euratom. However, proponents and opponents of a closed nuclear fuel cycle continue to argue about its economic and environmental feasibility. At the same time, new technologies for reprocessing spent nuclear fuel have already demonstrated their tangible economic benefits and environmental safety in practice.

Administrative, financial, criminal-legal and theoretical-methodological aspects of regulating social relations in government bodies

The purpose of the research was to define the theoretical, administrative and civil law aspects of the regulation of social relations. Consequently, the article specifies the means of social regulation, which include components of legal, moral, corporate and customary, etc. type. It has been shown that legal regulation of social relations is defined as an intentional action on the behavior of people and social relations with the help of legal (juridical) means. The methodological basis of the research is presented as comparative-legal and systematic analysis, formal-legal method, method of interpretation, hermeneutic method, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. By way of conclusion it has been proved that since the object of legal regulation is presented as social relations, legal regulation is determined by some objective and subjective factors. As contributions, the following factors of social relations have been determined: level of economic development of society; social structure of society; level of maturity and stability of social relations; level of legal culture of citizens; level of certainty of the subject of social relations, means and methods of legal regulation.

National Security of Indigenous Minorities of the North, Siberia and Russia’s Far East as an Object of Legal Regulation

National Security of Indigenous Minorities of the North, Siberia and Russia’s Far East as an Object of Legal Regulation

Legal support of social entrepreneurship: regional and international experience

The search for understanding the essence of "social entrepreneurship" provides a unique opportunity for scientists and practitioners to study and rethink different concepts and assumptions from areas of business, law and management. This article puts forward a point of view on social entrepreneurship as a process that catalyzes social change and satisfies important social needs in such a way that direct financial benefits do not dominate in the work of social enterprises. It is believed that social entrepreneurship differs from other forms of entrepreneurship in the higher priority given to the promotion of social value, rather than obtaining economic benefits. The article examines the essence and concept of social entrepreneurship as an object of legal regulation, the practical experience of different countries in this direction, the assessment of the legal regulation of the sphere of social entrepreneurship and socially oriented business on the example of the Republic of Moldova, successful examples and practical recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the mechanisms for implementing socially oriented business projects.

ИЕРАРХИЯ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ПРАВА РОССИИ: АНАЛИЗ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА И ДОКТРИНЫ ЧЕРЕЗ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНО-ПРАВОВУЮ ПРИЗМУ БОЛГАРСКОГО ПРАВА

Introduction: the article analyzes the conceptual problem of the formation of the ‘law on laws’, evaluates different approaches to the study of the system of normative legal acts, formulates the prerequisites for the uniform legal regulation of the hierarchy of sources of law. Purpose and objectives: the aim of the study is a legislative and doctrinal analysis of Russian and Bulgarian law from the perspective of the development of the law on normative legal acts. To this end, the authors set the following research tasks: firstly, to study the hierarchy of law as a conceptual problem and object of legal regulation; secondly, to study the problem of the status of judicial sources; thirdly, to research the place of doctrine in the hierarchy of law; fourthly, to analyze legislative regulation of the hierarchy of law through the prism of application of doctrinal developments. Results: the article discusses various bills aimed at legal regulation of sources of law (1996, 2014, 2021). The authors analyze the Bulgarian law of 1973 ‘On Normative Legal Acts’, which is one of the earliest and most famous ‘laws on laws’ in Eastern Europe, as a positive experience of legal regulation of the hierarchy and system of normative legal acts. The paper describes the general characteristics of the systems of normative legal acts in Russia and Bulgaria. Similar features include the priority place of constitutional acts in the system of normative legal acts, the problem of interaction between international and domestic law, the essential importance of judicial practice for the development of legal systems, the secondary position of legal doctrine, discrepancies in the principles of law, controversial issues of the recognition of legal custom, etc. The authors analyze related problems of sources of law, the role of legal doctrine, the relationship between domestic and international law.