Object Monitoring Systems Research Articles

In-Depth Analysis of Low-Cost Micro Electromechanical System (MEMS) Accelerometers in the Context of Low Frequencies and Vibration Amplitudes

Shock and vibration hazards to civil structures are common and come not only from earthquakes but most often from mining operations or foundation work involving the installation of piles using hammer-driving and vibrating technology. The purpose of this study is to present test methods for low-cost MEMS accelerometers in terms of their selection for low-amplitude acceleration vibration-prone object-monitoring systems. Tests of 24 commercially available digital accelerometers were carried out on a custom-built test bench, selecting four models for detailed tests conducted on a specially built precision vibration table capable of inflicting accelerations at frequencies of 1–2 Hz, using displacements as small as a few micrometers. The analysis of the results was based, among other things, on a modified method of determining the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and also on the idea of the effective number of bits (ENOB). The results of the analysis showed that among low-cost MEMS accelerometers, there are some that are successfully suitable for the monitoring and warning of excessive vibration hazards in situations where objects are extremely sensitive to such impacts (e.g., treatment rooms in hospitals). Examples of accelerometers capable of detecting harmonic vibrations with amplitudes as small as 10 mm/s2 or impulsive shocks with amplitudes of at least 70 mm/s2 are indicated.

#4500 IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW GENERATION DIGITAL STETHOSCOPE FOR ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA MONITORING IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

Abstract Background and Aims The management of complications of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis, principally stenosis, remains a major challenge for clinicians with a substantial impact on health resources. Stenosis not infrequently preludes to thrombotic events with the loss of AVF functionality. A frequent monitoring with physical examination is at the basis for an appropriate clinical care. It includes a regular inspection, palpation and auscultation of the arm. A normally functioning AVF, when listened by a stethoscope, has a continuous systolic-diastolic low-frequency murmur while with stenosis the frequency of the murmur increases and the duration of diastolic component decreases, disappearing in severe stenosis. These evidences are strictly subjective and dependent from operator skill and experience. New generation digital stethoscopes are able to record sound and subsequently dedicated software allows to extract quantitative variables (amplitude and frequency) that characterize the sound in an absolutely objective and repeatable way. The aim of our study was to analyze with an appropriate software listenable sound from AVFs taken by a commercial digital stethoscope and to investigate the potentiality to develop an objective new monitoring system to detect stenosis. Method Between September 2022 and January 2023, we screened forty-eight patients from two hemodialysis centers in Catanzaro (Italy). Patients were screened from two blinded experienced examiners for recognized criteria for stenosis by doppler ultrasound (DUS). We recorded the sound coming from the AVFs using a 3M™ Littmann® CORE Digital Stethoscope 8570 (Figure 1-A), in standardized sites: on the anastomosis chamber, at a distance of 5 and 10 cm from it, on the site of stenosis and immediately after. The sound waves were transformed into quantitative variables (amplitude and frequency) using a sound analysis software. Results Based on doppler evaluation, 14/48 patients (29%) were classified as stenotic of which three were hemodynamically significant. The sounds detected in the stenosis sites had a significant higher average frequency compared to non-stenotic sites (Figure 1-B). Characteristics of sound waves were significant different for stenotic and non-stenotic patients in term of average power, mean amplitude and mean frequency. Analysis of waves permitted us to determine peculiar shape for stenosis and another for normal AVF (Figure 1-C,D). Conclusions The analysis of sound waves by a digital stethoscope permitted us to distinguish between stenotic and no stenotic AVFs. The standardization of this technique and the introducing of data in a deep learning algorithm could allow an objective and fast method for a frequent monitoring of AVF.

Computational approach to the structure spectral analysis of GERT-network models of mobile object monitoring systems

The paper considers the application of the computational approach to the structure spectral analysis of GERT-network models of mobile object monitoring systems. The structure of the system for monitoring mobile objects using satellite communication channels is presented, in particular, the structure of the system for monitoring the flight path of aircraft. It is shown that the structure of monitoring systems can be represented as a GERT-network model, which allows at the initial stage to consider various options for the formation of interaction between a mobile object, for example, a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle, and a ground control complex. The main idea of the approach is to transform a known graph into a graph with the desired spectrum, which corresponds to a valid implementation of the GERT network graph. Obviously, the set of admissible implementations also includes a graph with the maximum probability of completing the process in a given time. The results are presented, which allow, when analyzing the GERT-network structure of a monitoring system, to assess, by fairly simple methods, the compliance of a structure variant with a number of requirements that apply to the system as a whole.

Innovative Application Study Of Label-free Concept In Packaging Design

The lack of an objective evaluation system and monitoring system for product design has led to an endless stream of "formalism" in product engineering, exacerbating the current situation of excessive and disproportionate product design, and even creating an economic and social hazard. This paper focuses on the important role of the "label-free" concept in the design of beverage packaging products, based on three aspects: national environmental protection, product differentiation, and international market trends, while conducting experimental research through data collection and project studies. The aim is to solve the problem of resource waste and environmental pollution caused by beverage packaging through this new design trend.

Investigation of the possibility of combining a fiber-optic communication line and an object monitoring system

Investigation of the possibility of combining a fiber-optic communication line and an object monitoring system

Intraoperative visualization and quantitative assessment of tissue perfusion by imaging photoplethysmography: comparison with ICG fluorescence angiography.

Intraoperative monitoring of tissue perfusion is of great importance for optimizing surgery and reducing postoperative complications. To date, there is no standard procedure for assessing blood circulation in routine clinical practice. Over the past decade, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography is most commonly used for intraoperative perfusion evaluation. Imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) potentially enables contactless assessment of the blood supply to organs. However, no strong evidence of this potential has been provided so far. Here we report results of a comparative assessment of tissue perfusion obtained using custom-made iPPG and commercial ICG-fluorescence systems during eight different gastrointestinal surgeries. Both systems allow mapping the blood-supply distribution over organs. It was demonstrated for the first time that the quantitative assessment of blood perfusion by iPPG is in good agreement with that obtained by ICG-fluorescence imaging in all surgical cases under study. iPPG can become an objective quantitative monitoring system for tissue perfusion in the operating room due to its simplicity, low cost and no need for any agent injections.

Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool-Thai Version: Translation, Validity, and Reliability.

In 2019, 14.0% of infants in Thailand were exclusively breastfed up to 6 months of age. To increase exclusive breastfeeding, an objective assessment measure would be useful to maternity care providers for appraising the problems encountered by new mothers' experiences with breastfeeding. To translate the Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool from English into Thai; to assess the reliability and validity of the Thai Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool; and to explore the relationship of a mother's self-efficacy to successful breastfeeding. Using a methodological design, we purposively sampled 302 new mothers from two tertiary hospitals in Thailand who had given birth to a single baby with an uncomplicated vaginal birth. The Thai Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool's structure was examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Concurrent and convergent validity were assessed using the Thai LATCH instrument and Thai Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale, respectively. The inter-item Thai Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool correlation coefficients were positive and strong. The correlation between scores of the Thai Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool and Thai LATCH instrument were positive and strong and had acceptable concurrent validity. The confirmatory factor analysis model fit the Thai Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool data perfectly and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient had acceptable internal reliability. The Thai Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool is a cross-culturally translated instrument equivalent to its English version and demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. The instrument provides a mechanism for an objective assessment and monitoring system of optimal breastfeeding practices in Thai mothers with newborns.

Underwater object detection based on bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition and Gaussian Mixture Model approach

Monitoring objects and observing changes in the undersea environment are important for exploring resources and studying ecology. These conditions are challenging because the depth of the sea varies the transmission of light in the water medium intensely. Many object detection algorithms exist so far to observe the changes and for the detection of foreground objects. A new approach of underwater object detection is proposed to differentiate the foreground object from its background. It evolves with the idea of blob generation based on features extracted from underwater scenes using the Bi-dimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition (BEMD) Algorithm. The features such as weight factor, Hurst exponent, and texture strength decide the blob. These extracted features are then accustomed to the generic Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to provide a basis for an object monitoring system. The proposed model is primarily developed and tested for fish detection in underwater sequences. The proposed approach is compared with state-of-art object detection schemes and analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Use of the Territorial Defence Forces (TDF) in counter-subversive operations

The Territorial Defence Forces (TDF, Polish abbrev. WOT) are to participate in combat counter-subversive operations, alone or in cooperation with other security actors. Using both offensive and protective-defensive forms and methods, they will create freedom of action for operational troops. Precise reconnaissance of the area, infrastructure knowledge in permanent areas of responsibility (Polish abbrev. SRO), cooperation with the non-military system (Polish abbrev. UPM), and cooperation with the local population in combination with the training of the TDF commanders and soldiers equipped with modern weaponry, reconnaissance and object monitoring systems will ensure good quality of protection while reducing the number of human resources involved. All forms and methods of conducting combat counter-subversive activities presented in the article are a compilation of the content contained in the literature on the subject and the practical conduct of training classes with cadets and officers at the Military University of Land Forces.

Automated Detection of Symptomatic Autonomic Dysreflexia Through Multimodal Sensing.

Objective: Autonomic Dysreflexia (AD) is a potentially life-threatening syndrome which occurs in individuals with higher level spinal cord injuries (SCI). AD is caused by triggers which can lead to rapid escalation of pathophysiological responses and if the trigger is not removed, AD can be fatal. There is currently no objective, non-invasive and accurate monitoring system available to automatically detect the onset of AD symptoms in real time in a non-clinical setting. Technology or Method: We developed a user-independent method of symptomatic AD detection in real time with a wearable physiological telemetry system (PTS) and a machine learning model using data from eleven participants with SCI. Results: The PTS could detect onset of AD symptoms with an average accuracy of 94.10% and a false negative rate of 4.89%. Conclusions: The PTS can detect the onset of the symptoms AD with high sensitivity and specificity to assist people with SCIs in preventing the occurrence of AD. It would enable persons with high level SCIs to be more independent and pursue vocational activities while granting continuous medical oversight. Clinical Impact: The PTS could serve as a supplementary tool to current solutions to detect the onset of AD and prepare individuals who are newly injured to be better prepared for AD episodes. Moreover, it could be translated into a system to encourage individuals to practice better healthcare management to prevent future occurrences.

Results of research in the field of remote sensing methods for detecting oil pollution on the water surface conducted at the RSHU

The article presents the scientific results which are a generalization of almost twenty years of experience of the staff of the department of information technology and security systems of the Russian State Hydrometeorological University in the field of remote sensing methods of oil pollution on the water surface. The choice of radar systems for the implementation of remote monitoring of the water surface on the characteristics of efficiency and coverage of the area of responsibility is substantiated. Structurally, the radar monitoring system should consist of a network of centimeter and millimeter range radar systems. The use of centimeter-range radar systems is due to the preservation of their operability during intense precipitation. Millimeter-wave radar systems are characterized by higher radar contrast, which significantly increases the effectiveness of environmental monitoring of water areas, their performance depending on the weather conditions. Thus, a combination of radars of two ranges allows continuous monitoring of the water area in any weather conditions. Radar systems are a recording module as part of an object monitoring system. The facility monitoring system, in addition to existing systems at the regional level, allows to receive information on the environmental situation promptly. This is especially true in case of emergency situations that occur during loading and transportation of oil products and other environmentally hazardous substances. The most significant result of many years of research is the concept of an automated distributed system for remote environmental monitoring of the water surface. For each module of the system, methods and models for processing spatial data and algorithms for the distribution of measuring instruments in the monitoring space are proposed. The purpose of the functioning of such a system is associated with detecting oil spills on the water surface, monitoring the dynamics of pollution and predicting the development of emergencies resulting from environmental disasters. International cooperation in the field of environmental protection is shown to be international in nature, the joint projects being an effective tool for development of scientific and educational potential of higher education in the field of ecology. Participation in international projects not only allows to increase the scientific and educational potential of higher education, but also influences the formation of environmental policy

Privacy Aware Monitoring of Mobile Users in Sensor Networks Environment

<p><strong>Abstract—</strong>Due to complex monitoring systems in various business domains, secrecy and privacy has become critical issue for movable resources including human being. In a mobile object monitoring systems, balancing computing resources and quality of privacy is required. Objects can be mobile devices or users or any other moving entity. This work is presented in wireless sensor network environment. Earlier work does not consider presence of mobile objects in 3D space. We can observe that objects also carry Z axis in city area where high rise buildings are present. Earlier monitoring applications are mainly designed in two dimensional space to protect privacy. Our novelty is to suggest and design mechanism that reflect Z position (height) of mobile objects for protecting privacy. While calculating cloaking area and counting of objects, height is also considered as third dimension. This results in better location privacy as compared to the privacy delivered by the scheme that considers two dimensional space. We have presented performance, communications cost and privacy strength of modified 3D quality algorithm and 3D resource algorithm. Moreover, we present novel containment resolution algorithm that handles duplicate counting due to 3D presence of wireless system and mobile devices.</p>

Location-Based Services

In the current information technology trend, GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and GPS (Global Positioning Systems) are potential systems providing convenient, valuable services. They are a fundamental base in location-based services (LBS). LBS is an object positioning and monitoring system with a major combination of advanced technologies such as mobile communications, GPS technology, GIS and the Internet. The article consists of two sections in which the overview of the LBS system is presented first, followed by the introduction of the LBS system structure used to build the VTS - Vehicle Tracking System at Dong A Bank. 
 
 
 

Analysis of health risks of the population of the city of Obninsk from the eff ects of harmful substances emissions into the atmosphere

The article shows the results of the analysis of the environmental situation in the city of Obninsk, formed as a result of the current and previous activities of industrial enterprises, including the nuclear ones. In the course of the research, the data on federal, regional and object monitoring systems for emissions and the state of the natural environments in terms of their contamination with technogenic products with radiation and toxic effects on human health was collected, analyzed and systematized. Particular attention is paid to air pollution due to the significant contribution of the inhalation component to the entry of harmful substances into the human body. The content of pollutants in the air in the city was identified by monitoring results and the distribution calculation of surface concentrations. The quality of surface water and soil was also analyzed. A comparative assessment of radiation and chemical risks for the population of Obninsk was carried out. Based on the obtained values of potential risks, the leading factors in the formation of the technogenic burden on the population were identified. The conducted assessment and the analysis of risks of anthropogenic origin can be used in ranking the factors of possible impact on public health. Also, the results of environmental studies using math simulation can be useful for enhancement the existing monitoring system in order to ensure the environmental safety of the studied region.

Editorial Note

Innovation is the only pathway for manufacturer, visionary and scholars, to improve the quality of human beings daily life. This is where robotics and mechatronics engineering has been adopted since 1984, as one of the most pioneering solutions to many of our industrial challenges. The distinction about such resolution is its flexibility to meet the well-known innovation platforms, i.e. empowering, sustainable and efficient innovation. It’s the creatively of applied research to implement some superintendent roles rather than creation ones. Industrial market has become very challenging to secure businesses, maintain products development, and sustain its growth, since it is not any more about knowledge and existing know-how. It is nowadays about what industrialist can embed into their evolving products using cutting edge emerging technology and how they manufacture it. This is where the International Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics (IJRM) will play a vital role, through the exchange of the innovative ongoing research and development in this area of intelligence and automation across the world. The first issue of the IJRM Journal presents selection of high standards research and development papers that bring together the latest ongoing and developed endeavours. The first paper by Takahiko Nakamura and Satoshi Suzuki (Tokyo Denki University, Japan) focused on childcare service and presented an automatic method to develop an indoor mapping system using the SLAM technique. The outcomes of this research introduce a novel automation system to maintain good childcare service and support kindergarten staffs using objective monitoring system. The paper by Masafumi Miwa and Sinya Marubashi (Institute of Technology & Science, The University of Tokushima, Japan) presents an innovative 3-axes Ducted Fan Flying Object (DFO3) for Radio Controlled Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). UAV is mainly used in aerial photography and aerial investigation. The newly developed DFO3 equipped with normal and reverse rotation ducted fan and is to cancel the Gyro moment effect and provide the necessary industrial safety standards required. The development presents a real breakthrough and succeeded to achieve a stable take-off, landing and hovering. The next papers deal with some of the existing industrial challenges in robotics and mechatronics engineering and provide a number of ground-breaking solutions, for instant: Takayuki Matsuo, et al, (Kitakyushu National College of Technology, Japan) presents a design method for a phase lag adjustment system using neural oscillators for a snake-like robot. The research offers a motion control system that enables a snake-like robot to adjust the phase lag of target joint trajectories according to changing environments. Mahmoud Shafik (College of Engineering and Technology, University of Derby, UK) presents the state of art of the latest development in Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) system technology. The paper covers the current and recent development using the electromagnetic and piezoelectric ultrasonic servo control feed drive technology. It also demonstrates how the ultrasonic technology renovates the EDM system and transfers its industrial applications into a new era. EDM process is one of the most common processes in automotive and aerospace industry. EDM is principally used to machine and process alloys and very hard materials for key manufacturing components, such as film cooling holes for Turbine Blades, engine strip sheets, steel sheets for automotive industry, outer vehicle body… etc. Murali Krishna (Intelligent Systems and Robotics Division, India) presents a biologically inspired Central Pattern Generator (CPG) based controller for a quadruped minimule robot. The CPG based minimule robot offers a real opportunity to realise both trot and walk gait by varying the phase relationship between the limbs and is stable due to the inherent property of CPG. Takahiko Nakamura (Tokyo Denki University, Japan) focused on childcare service and presented an automatic method to develop an indoor mapping system using the SLAM technique. The outcomes of this research introduce a novel automation system to maintain good childcare service and support kindergarten staffs using objective monitoring system. The final paper of this issue is focused in one of the 21st century renewable energy storage source challenge. It introduces a pioneering approach to optimise and minimise the cost of supercapacitor-battery. Chia Yen Yee, Niusha Shafiabady, Dino Isa (The University of Nottingham, Malaysia) presents an approach to optimise the size of a supercapacitor-battery hybrid energy storage system for solar applications using the Genetic Algorithm. The potential contribution of this approach is optimising the cost of the Supercapacitor-battery hybrid energy storage system in renewable energy system which cannot be solved in most of the commercial simulation tools, such as HOMER and HYBRIDS. We hope that all of you find the issue inspiring beneficial and has also given you a good on-site of the ongoing research and development in this fascinating fast-moving area of innovation and technology. We look forward to receive your contribution to the future journal issues. Mahmoud Shafik

Simplified EKF-SLAM by Combining Laser Range Sensor with Retro-Reflective Markers for Use in Kindergarten

Recently in Japan, work contents imposed to childminders have increased due to several reasons such as variety of children's growth stage, requirement from parents, and administrative advices. To maintain good childcare service and to support kindergarten staffs, an objective monitoring system to watch over children is expected. In this paper, for the monitoring system, an automatic method to make an indoor map using the SLAM technique is discussed. To solve problem specific to the kindergarten use, using special landmark (LM) markers consisting of retro reflective material, an approach of a simplified EKF-SLAM which is effective by short-distance survey is proposed. Thorough simulation, the SLAM algorithm with an extraction method of the special LM from the laser range finder (LRF) sensor data was verified, and it was confirmed that the estimation error was as small as 0.57% against total length of robot locomotion. Same algorithm was implemented to an actual robot that was mounted with the LRF sensor, and practical effectiveness was validated. As a result, the ability of the presented SLAM with a margin of estimation error of 5.3% was also confirmed in the experiment.

Design and Implementation of Object Monitoring and Management System for Satellite Location

The overall design was explained from three aspects about object monitoring and management system for satellite location. The functions of information comprehensive process, situation integrated display, information terminal were proposed. Then the system which interconnected center control node and terminal nodes was developed by integrating communication technology, GIS technology, GPS technology, and Beidou navigation technology, thus it realized the bidirectional information interaction between all the nodes. Based on MapGIS, the objects dynamical monitoring and management were implemented on the tactical situation map, as well the key technologies for the system were described.

PROBABILISTIC QUERYING OVER UNCERTAIN DATA STREAMS

Inherent imprecision of data in many applications motivates us to support uncertainty as a first-class concept. Data stream and probabilistic data have been recently considered noticeably in isolation. However, there are many applications including sensor data management systems and object monitoring systems which need both issues in tandem. Our main contribution is designing a probabilistic data stream management system, called Sarcheshmeh, for continuous querying over probabilistic data streams. Sarcheshmeh supports uncertainty from input data to final query results. In this paper, after reviewing requirements and applications of probabilistic data streams, we present our new data model for probabilistic data streams and define our main logical operators formally. Then, we present query language and physical operators. In addition, we introduce the architecture of Sarcheshmeh and also describe some major challenges like memory management and our floating precision mechanism toward designing a more robust system. Finally, we report evaluation of our system and the effect of floating precision on the tradeoff between accuracy and efficiency.

Continual quality improvement: A trayline accuracy model

The purpose of this project was to combine the clinical quality assurance monitor and foodservice quality control monitor to one monitoring device using an objective monitoring system, and one that could show continual improvement. Twenty trays were assessed for accuracy by checking each tray as it was prepared on trayline. Errors were tallied according to severity of the diet, and error and productivity rates were computed for each individual station; and the trayline as a whole. Intervention, in the form of education and employee input was completed to decide on a goal for the employee group, and the method for assessing the goal. An additional twenty traylines were assessed for errors made, using the new guidelines. Significantly fewer critical errors were made by employees during the post-intervention period, while productivity remained stable. Employee input was critical in decreasing the number of errors made. A standard for trayline productivity has now been established, and can be used for productivity reporting purposes, employee performance appraisal, and work station ergonomics to further the mission of continual quality improvement.