Obesity-related Comorbidities Research Articles

Obesity in Children and Adolescents: 2022 Update of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity.

The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has been gradually increasing in recent years and has become a major health problem. Childhood obesity can readily progress to adult obesity. It is associated with obesity-related comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and the risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is important to make an accurate assessment of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with consideration of growth and development. Childhood obesity can then be prevented and treated using an appropriate treatment goal and safe and effective treatment strategies. This article summarizes the clinical practice guidelines for obesity in children and adolescents that are included in the 8th edition of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity.

Equity in bariatric surgery use: a cohort study

BackgroundMetabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective and durable treatment for obesity; however, access to MBS is not equitable. ObjectiveTo determine the rate of MBS among eligible adults with obesity by demographics, health characteristics, and geography to better define populations that would benefit from resources to reduce barriers to access for this treatment. SettingAdults with obesity were identified in the US employer-based retrospective claims database (Merative™). MethodsRates of MBS were examined across demographics (age, sex, region, year, health plan type) health characteristics (obesity-related comorbidities, healthcare costs, inpatient admissions), and by state. Given differences in coverage requirements, rates are examined for 2 populations: Class 2 (BMI 35–39.9 kg/m2) and Class 3 (BMI 40+ kg/m2) obesity. ResultsOf the 777,565 eligible adults, 49,371 (6.4%) had MBS; 3.2% of those with Class 2 and 8.3% of those with Class 3 obesity had MBS. MBS rates varied substantially by demographic and health characteristics, ranging from 1% to 14%, and from 2% to 41% among those with Class 2 and Class 3 obesity, respectively. Geographically, rates ranged from 0% (Hawaii) to 7.4% (New Mexico) for those with Class 2 Obesity and from 4.2% (Hawaii) to 15.3% (Mississippi) among those with Class 3 Obesity. ConclusionsUse of MBS among eligible adults with obesity varies substantially across characteristics, indicating inequity in access to this treatment. To ensure greater access to the most effective treatment for obesity, policies should be implemented to reduce or eliminate barriers to care.

Alteration in the gut microbiome is associated with changes in bone metabolism after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), the most common bariatric surgical procedure, leads to durable weight loss and improves obesity-related comorbidities. However, it induces abnormalities in bone metabolism. One unexplored potential contributor is the gut microbiome, which influences bone metabolism and is altered after surgery. We characterized the relationship between the gut microbiome and skeletal health in severe obesity and after LSG. In a prospective cohort study, 23 adults with severe obesity underwent skeletal health assessment and stool collection preoperatively and 6mo after LSG. Gut microbial diversity and composition were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were measured with LC-MS/MS. Spearman's correlations and PERMANOVA analyses were applied to assess relationships between the gut microbiome and bone health measures including serum bone turnover markers (C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen [CTx] and procollagen type 1N-terminal propeptide [P1NP]), areal BMD, intestinal calcium absorption, and calciotropic hormones. Six months after LSG, CTx and P1NP increased (by median 188% and 61%, P< .01) and femoral neck BMD decreased (mean -3.3%, P< .01). Concurrently, there was a decrease in relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes. Although there were no change in overall microbial diversity or fecal SCFA concentrations after LSG, those with greater within-subject change in gut community microbial composition (β-diversity) postoperatively had greater increases in P1NP level (ρ= 0.48, P= .02) and greater bone loss at the femoral neck (ρ= -0.43, P= .04). In addition, within-participant shifts in microbial richness/evenness (α-diversity) were associated with changes in IGF-1 levels (ρ= 0.56, P< .01). The lower the postoperative fecal butyrate concentration, the lower the IGF-1 level (ρ= 0.43, P= .04). Meanwhile, the larger the decrease in butyrate concentration, the higher the postoperative CTx (ρ= -0.43, P= .04). These findings suggest that LSG-induced gut microbiome alteration may influence skeletal outcomes postoperatively, and microbial influences on butyrate formation and IGF-1 are possible mechanisms.

Differences in segmental fat accumulation patterns by sex and ethnicity: An international approach.

Excess fat on the body impacts obesity-related co-morbidity risk; however, the location of fat stores affects the severity of these risks. The purpose of this study was to examine segmental fat accumulation patterns by sex and ethnicity using international datasets. An amalgamated and cross-calibrated dataset of dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured variables compiled segmental mass for bone mineral content (BMC), lean mass (LM), and fat mass (FM) for each participant; percentage of segment fat (PSF) was calculated as PSFsegment = (FMsegment/(BMCsegment + LMsegment + FMsegment)) × 100. A total of 30 587 adults (N = 16 490 females) from 13 datasets were included. A regression model was used to examine differences in regional fat mass and PSF. All populations followed the same segmental fat mass accumulation in the ascending order with statistical significance (arms < legs < trunk), except for Hispanic/Latinx males (arms < [legs = trunk]). Relative fat accumulation patterns differed between those with greater PSF in the appendages (Arab, Mexican, Asian, Black, American Caucasian, European Caucasian, and Australasian Caucasian females; Black males) and those with greater PSF in the trunk (Mexican, Asian, American Caucasian, European Caucasian, and Australasian Caucasian males). Greater absolute and relative fat accumulation in the trunk could place males of most ethnicities in this study at a higher risk of visceral fat deposition and associated co-morbidities.

A case-control regression analysis of liver enzymes in obesity-induced metabolic disorders in South Asian females.

Excessive body weight may disrupt hepatic enzymes that may be aggravated by obesity-related comorbidities. The current case-control study was designed to evaluate the extent of liver enzyme alteration in obesity-related metabolic disorders. Obese females with BMI ≥ 30 suffering from metabolic disorders were grouped according to existing co-morbidity and their hepatic enzymes were compared with non-obese healthy females. The resultant data was subjected to analysis of variance and mean difference in liver enzymes were calculated at P = 0.05. Analysis of variance indicated that obese diabetic and obese hypertensive females had almost 96% and 67% increase in the concentration of gamma-glutamyl transferase than control, respectively (P<0.0001). The obese females suffering from diabetes and hypertension exhibited nearly 54% enhancement in alanine transaminase level (P<0.0001) and a 17% increase in aspartate aminotransferase concentration (P = 0.0028). Obesity along with infertility decline liver enzyme production and a 31% significant decline in aspartate aminotransferase was observed while other enzyme concentrations were not significantly altered. Regression analysis was performed on the resultant data to understand the association between liver enzyme alteration and the development of metabolic diseases. Regression analysis indicated that obese diabetic and obese diabetic hypertensive women had 20% production of normal liver enzymes and 80% enzymes produced abnormally. Obese hypertensive and obese infertile females had only 5% and 6% normal production of liver enzymes, respectively. This research leads to the conclusion that the ability of the liver to function normally is reduced in obesity-related diabetes and hypertension. This may be due to inflamed and injured liver and poses a serious threat to developing fatty liver disease and ultimately liver cirrhosis.

Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Presentation at a National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center and a Safety-Net Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: The clinical setting where patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), especially young adults, accessed the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic to obtain their diagnosis is understudied. We hypothesized that patients with early-onset CRC (EO-CRC) present at disproportionate rates to emergency departments compared to patients with average-age onset CRC (AO-CRC). Patient and Methods: Clinical chart review was conducted for patients discussed at tumor board from the University of Texas Southwestern and Parkland Health Hospitals from August 2020 to August 2022 to compare the site of presentation that led to diagnosis: emergency department or primary care setting. Results: Two-hundred and ninety-three patients with CRC were included (69% AO-CRC, 31% EO-CRC), presenting at similar rates to primary care providers and emergency department (55% vs 45%, respectively). Most patients who presented to the emergency department received their cancer care at the safety net hospital (70%, p &lt;0.001). Race/ethnicity, and comorbidities like obesity and metabolic dysregulation were also associated with emergency department presentation. Patients from the safety net hospital and those with obesity-related comorbidities were more likely present to the emergency department (OR 5.98, 95% CI 2.88 - 12.41, p&lt;0.001; OR 4.18, 95% CI 1.18 - 14.81, p=0.03). Patients with rectal cancer are less likely to present to the emergency department (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.21 - 0.85, p=0.02). No differences were observed between EO-CRC and AO-CRC with respect to the presentation site. Conclusion: Here we identified factors linked to CRC diagnostic access to the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic in a racially and ethnically diverse population. Future research in this area can inform specialized CRC screening and diagnostic pathways for vulnerable young adults, guiding resource allocation to improve access to care and prompt diagnosis. Additionally, these insights can guide diagnostic access plans during global health crises for at-risk populations.

The Benefit of Healthy Lifestyle in the Era of New Medications to Treat Obesity.

Incretin-based medications for treating obesity produce substantial short- and long-term weight loss and improve obesity-related comorbidities. However, associating lifestyle modification with new medications to treat obesity is generally advisable for several reasons. Firstly, healthy eating patterns and physical activity may offer important additional benefits, enhancing the patient's health and well-being. In addition, regular specialist counselling in lifestyle modification can help patients maintain their motivation levels and develop specific skills for addressing obstacles during the lengthy process of weight loss and maintenance, potentially improving outcomes in the long term. Given the high efficacy of the new weight-loss drugs, it would be timely to streamline and simplify the current gold standard of obesity management based on lifestyle modification. For example, it now seems redundant to prescribe strict diets or meal replacements to reduce calorie intake, or to recommend patients practice 200 to 300 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity exercise for enhanced weight loss. Moderate calorie restriction and, at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and two sessions of muscle-strengthening activities per week may be more achievable and appropriate goals for sustainable weight loss in most patients on pharmaceutical obesity treatment. As regards lifestyle modification counselling, future studies should assess its optimal intensity and duration in the "new medications for obesity era".

Review on Bariatric Surgery in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients

Bariatric surgery (BS) is a surgical intervention that aims to reduce excess body weight and improve obesity-related comorbidities. Obesity is a growing health problem among patients with human im¬munodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, especially with the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, there is limited evidence on the safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery in this pop¬ulation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on bariatric surgery in HIV patients, focusing on the types of procedures, the impact on HIV-related outcomes, antiretroviral considerations, concerns, and possible complications. The available data suggest that bariatric surgery is safe and well tolerated in HIV-infected individuals and does not adversely affect HIV disease progression or virologic suppression. However, bariatric surgery may increase the risk of postoperative complications such as strictures and micronutrient deficiencies and may require adjustments in ART regimens due to altered pharmacokinetics. Therefore, careful selection of candidates, multidisciplinary collaboration, and close monitoring are essential for optimal outcomes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of bariatric surgery in HIV patients and to compare different surgical techniques.

Laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass versus laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in redosurgery after failed vertical banded gastroplasty with long gastric pouch

Background Up to 50% of patients who undergo vertical band gastroplasty (VBG) experienced weight regain or complications, like band erosion or slippage, within 5–10 years of the procedure, the aim of the study to evaluate laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass versus laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass as a redosurgery after failed VBG. Patients and methods We analyzed the data of 102 patients (38 males and 64 females) underwent revisional surgery after failed VBGs from July 2021 to August 2022, with mean age 45.92 years, follow up for 1 year in Ain Shams University Hospitals. Results The mean hospital stay was 1.8 days (1–4 days), 2.9 days (2–7 days) in Redo laparoscopic mini gastric bypass (R-LMNGB) and Redo laparoscopic roux en Y gastric bypass (R-LRYGB) respectively. Postoperative BMI after 1 year 31.16±27.83 and 31.94±3.69 in R-LMNGB and R-LRYGB, respectively, %EWL show significant difference between two groups after 3 months and 1 year. Postoperative complications rates were 3.92% in R-LRYGB. Conclusions R-LMNGB after failed VBG has almost the same results of R-LRYGB as regard weight loss, improvement of obesity-related comorbidities with less operative time, hospital stay, less anastomosis, and complications.

Praktické klinické doporučení pro perioperační péči v bariatrické chirurgii 2023: adaptace doporučení společnosti ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) s konsenzuálním hlasováním pracovní skupiny Společné sekce bariatricko-metabolické chirurgie České chirurgické společnosti a České obezitologické společnosti

Summary: Introduction: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for the morbid obesity. It results in sustained weight loss as well as pronounced effects on obesity-related comorbidities. In the last twenty years the number of procedures performed worldwide increased. Therefore, the effort to establish a consensus in perioperative care based on best evidence in this issue is evident. Methods: Working Group of Joint Section of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery of Czech Surgery Society and Czech Obesitology Society reached practical recommendations for ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) in perioperative care in bariatric surgery. It issued from ERAS recommendations published in 2021. Working group adopted the original text, consequently adapted and in particular cases affixed its commentary. The electronic voting of all members of working group was the final phase, by which the strength of consensus of particular elements was expressed. Results: The Czech working group reached the consensus with recommendations ERABS (Enhanced Recovery After Bariatric Surgery) in the most elements. For some interventions of ERAS protocol for bariatric surgery the quality of evidence is low. Therefore, evidence-based practices may need to be extrapolated from other surgeries. Conclusion: The recommendation is appointed for clinical practice in bariatric surgery with protocol ERAS based on updated evidence and recommendations. It is based on recent and comprehensive ERAS recommendation, which was adopted and adapted by the Czech working group of Joint Section of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery of Czech Surgery Society and Czech Obesitology Society. The Czech version contents some supplementations and specifications in commentaries. Original article was published in Rozhledy v chirurgii [1]. Key words: bariatric and metabolic surgery – Enhanced Recovery After Surgery – practical clinical recommendations

Tackling Obesity Through Bariatric Surgery: Long-Term Outcomes and Complication Rates

Background: The prevalence of obesity and its associated health risks have led to a growing interest in bariatric surgery as a treatment option. Sleeve gastroplasty, a common bariatric procedure, has shown promise in addressing obesity-related issues. However, comprehensive studies evaluating its long-term effectiveness and safety are needed to understand its full impact on patient health, including both physical and mental aspects. Objective: This study aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of sleeve gastroplasties by assessing patients who underwent the surgery (Patient Group, PG) against those who did not (Control Group, CG). The primary focus was on the resolution of obesity comorbidities, overall surgical morbidity, severe surgical complications, mental health outcomes, and total weight loss percentage (TWL%) over two years. Methods: The study involved 136 participants, evenly divided between the PG and CG. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was utilized to ensure balanced comparisons. Key measures included TWL%, resolution of obesity comorbidities, severe surgical complications, total surgical morbidity, and mental health adverse events. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify significant differences between the groups at the two-year follow-up. Results: After one year, the PG exhibited a TWL% of 32.7%, whereas the CG showed 36.6%, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.002). Surgical morbidity was notably higher in the PG (28%) compared to the CG (17%), with a significant difference (p = 0.01). Severe surgical complications were similar between groups (4% in PG vs. 3% in CG, p = 0.44). Mental health adverse events were more prevalent in the PG. Both groups had comparable remission rates of obesity-related comorbidities at the one-year mark. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that sleeve gastroplasties result in effective weight reduction, as evidenced by the TWL% differences. However, the higher incidence of surgical morbidity and mental health issues in the PG underscores the need for comprehensive care, addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of bariatric surgery. Future research should focus on identifying factors influencing these outcomes to optimize the benefits of sleeve gastroplasties, considering individual patient profiles.

Physical Activity Interventions for Postnatal Weight Management: A Systematic Literature Review.

Physical activity (PA) maintains weight and reduces postnatal weight retention (PWR), thereby lowering obesity-related comorbidities. There is only limited evidence on the most effective postnatal PA for Malaysian women. This review identified evidence-based literature on the effectiveness of PA interventions in managing weight in postnatal women and the preferred type of intervention for them. A systematic literature search was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental research related to PA interventions for women during the postnatal period (18 months after delivery) published in English from 2011 to 2021 were searched in ProQuest, Scopus, Springer Link and PubMed using the following keywords: 'physical activity', 'weight management' and 'postnatal women'. Intervention groups with weight and body mass index measured after any supervised PA guidance/counselling with a minimum follow-up of 10 weeks were included in the analysis. Those with pharmacological management and a comparator control group were excluded. A total of six articles met the inclusion criteria. Using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials, one of these articles was classified as low-risk, two as having some concerns and three as having a high risk of bias. Walking, yoga and Pilates were found to be the most appropriate and preferred types of physical activity, despite having a small but significant impact on postnatal women's weight management. Healthcare professionals should adopt programmes that explicitly target these PA interventions to manage PWR.

Molecular dynamic of omega-3 compounds as an anti-obesity agent into GPR-120 receptor

Obesity is a cause of comorbid diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension which is based on low-level chronic inflammation. The GPR-120 receptor plays a role in insulin sensitization which is related to diabetes mellitus which is a comorbid obesity. Omega-3 fatty acids are believed to possess anti-inflammatory properties, hence potentially serving as a preventive measure against obesity-related comorbidities. The aim of this study is to do a stability analysis of the binding affinity between nine specific chemicals derived from omega-3 and the active site of the human GPR120 receptor using molecular dynamics simulations. Docking analysis was performed using Discovery Studio Visualizer, AutoDock Tools 1.5.6, and molecular dynamic simulation with AMBER 16. In this study, we used neurotensin 8–13 as a natural ligand to bind with the neurotensin receptor. Based on the neurotensin receptor docking results, the ΔG values for the following compounds are close to the values for neurotensin 8–13 -6.41 kcal/mol; docosahexaenoic acid -8.96 kcal/mol; eicosapentaenoic acid -7.41 kcal/mol; and heneicosapentaenoic acid -6.34 kcal/mol. Neurotensin 8–13 forms hydrogen bonds with TYR146, ARG213, and PHE344 of the neurotensin receptor, whereas docosahexaenoic acid forms hydrogen bonds with TYR146. Meanwhile, the average RMSD fluctuations for each system, namely docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and heneicosapentaenoic acid, were 0.672, 0.437, and 0.650, respectively. The SASA of the neurotensin receptor-ligand complex showed similar fluctuations, with the average values for docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and heneicosapentaenoic acid being 230.40, 229.89, and 230.20 nm2.

A phase 2 randomised controlled trial of mazdutide in Chinese overweight adults or adults with obesity

Mazdutide is a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptor dual agonist. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of 24-week treatment of mazdutide up to 6 mg in Chinese overweight adults or adults with obesity, as an interim analysis of a randomised, two-part (low doses up to 6 mg and high dose of 9 mg), double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04904913). Overweight adults (body-mass index [BMI] ≥24 kg/m2) accompanied by hyperphagia and/or at least one obesity-related comorbidity or adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) were randomly assigned (3:1:3:1:3:1) to once-weekly mazdutide 3 mg, 4.5 mg, 6 mg or matching placebo at 20 hospitals in China. The primary endpoint was the percentage change from baseline to week 24 in body weight. A total of 248 participants were randomised to mazdutide 3 mg (n = 62), 4.5 mg (n = 63), 6 mg (n = 61) or placebo (n = 62). The mean percentage changes from baseline to week 24 in body weight were −6.7% (SE 0.7) with mazdutide 3 mg, −10.4% (0.7) with 4.5 mg, −11.3% (0.7) with 6 mg and 1.0% (0.7) with placebo, with treatment difference versus placebo ranging from −7.7% to −12.3% (all p < 0.0001). All mazdutide doses were well tolerated and the most common adverse events included diarrhoea, nausea and upper respiratory tract infection. In summary, in Chinese overweight adults or adults with obesity, 24-week treatment with mazdutide up to 6 mg was safe and led to robust and clinically meaningful body weight reduction.

Sleeve gastrectomy for the treatment of adolescent obesity in children aged 13 and under: a retrospective study

BackgroundSleeve gastrectomy (SG) induces weight reduction and improves metabolic co-morbidities in children with severe obesity but remains underutilized, especially for young adolescents and preadolescents. ObjectiveWe hypothesized there would be no differences in weight loss or co-morbidity resolution at 1 year post-SG in children who underwent SG at 13 years or younger compared to children who underwent SG at 17–18 years old. SettingAcademic medical center, United States. MethodsMedical records of children who underwent laparoscopic SG at a quaternary academic center from September 2014 to October 2022 were reviewed. A cohort of 15 patients, ≤13 years of age, was compared to a matched cohort of 15 older adolescent patients. Preoperative characteristics and postoperative outcomes were collected. ResultsBoth cohorts had similar baseline characteristics. Median preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 51.8 kg/m2 for the ≤13 cohort compared to 50.9 kg/m2 in the older cohort (P = .87). Time to postoperative enteral feeds and length of stay were similar between both groups, and there were no 30-day readmissions or immediate postoperative complications. Median percentage excess BMI loss at 1 year postoperation was 54% (IQR, 25.5%–94.5%) for the ≤13 cohort compared with 44% (IQR, 34.0%–51.0%) for the older cohort (P = .34). Two of 11 patients were lost to follow-up in the younger group compared to 4 of 15 in the older group (P = .61). Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in metabolic syndrome co-morbidities after SG. ConclusionSG in younger children is associated with successful postsurgical outcomes compared with adolescents, with effective weight loss and improvement of obesity-related metabolic co-morbidities.

Updates in Bariatric Surgery.

Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective long-term treatment for morbid obesity as well as type-2 diabetes mellitus. The field of metabolic and bariatric surgery has seen tremendous growth over the past decade with dramatically reduced risks. This article aims to provide an update on bariatric surgery, highlighting the latest outcomes, improvements, and challenges in the field. Recently, the American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) released a major update to the indications for bariatric surgery at BMI ≥35kg/m2 regardless of co-morbidities and 30-34.9kg/m2 with obesity-related comorbidities. Sleeve gastrectomy has emerged as the most popular bariatric procedure in the last 10years with its remarkable efficacy and safety profile. The implementation of the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have significantly improved the quality of care for all bariatric patients. The recent introduction and FDA approval of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists for chronic obesity has garnered significant media coverage and popularity, but no guidelines exist regarding its use in relation to bariatric surgery. This update underscores the need for tailored approaches, ongoing research, and the integration of evidence-based medicine and innovations to enhance patient care.

Mind the gap! Factors that predict progression to bariatric surgery indicate that more psychological treatment may be required.

In the UK, the number of adults living with obesity is increasing. Bariatric surgery is an available treatment for those living with a BMI (kg/m2 ) ≥40 and above, or ≥35 with obesity-related comorbidities. Guidelines highlight the importance of providing psychological support pre- and post-surgery owing to the complex psychopathology present in those living with obesity. There are a lack of studies examining which patients proceed to surgery and the factors that predict progression. Routine patient data were collected within one NHS regional service in the UK, comprising 733 patients between 3 August 2018 and 26 July 2019, aged between 17 and 76 years (M = 43.20, SD = 12.32). The only exclusion criteria were patients still awaiting a final decision for surgical outcome at the point of analysis (N = 29), which resulted in 704 patients included in analysis. Binary Logistic Regression revealed those who were more likely to progress to surgery had a lower-level use of maladaptive external substances; lower level of self-harm and/or suicidality, were older in age; had a lower BMI; and had less comorbidities than those who did not progress. Findings support existing literature in that bariatric patients often present with physical and mental health complexity. Two thirds of patients in this study did not progress to surgery. Service commissioning decisions meant that these patients did not have access to psychology treatment. Consequently, in cases where bariatric surgery is considered, a final treatment option and otherwise clinically appropriate, lack of access to specialist services may result in unmet patient need owing particularly to a lack of psychological treatment provision.

Standardized Assessment of Metabolic Bariatric Surgery Outcomes

A standardized definition and reporting of metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) outcomes is not available for actual clinical practice and science. To assess the feasibility of using a clinically relevant and feasible MBS outcome score (Swiss-Finnish Bariatric Metabolic Outcome Score [SF-BARI Score]). This assessment of a bariatric surgery outcome score is based on the secondary analysis of merged 5-year individual patient data (N = 457) of 2 large randomized clinical trials (Swiss SM-BOSS [Swiss Multicenter Bypass or Sleeve Study], conducted from January 2007 to November 2011, and Finnish SLEEVEPASS [Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass Vs Sleeve Gastrectomy to Treat Morbid Obesity], conducted from March 2008 until June 2010) that compared laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in the treatment of severe obesity. This secondary analysis was performed from January 2022 to January 2023. The main outcome was the feasibility of the SF-BARI Score and the SF-BARI Score QOL (quality of life) as tools to assess MBS outcomes. The score includes percentage of total weight loss (%TWL), 4 obesity-related comorbidities (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea), complications, and QOL, if available. Among the 457 included patients, 323 (70.7%) were female and 134 (29.3%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 45.6 (10.7) years. Outcomes for the SF-BARI Score were available for 435 patients (95.2%) at 1 year and 398 patients (87.1%) at 5 years and for SF-BARI Score QOL in 289 (63.2%) patients at 1 year and 318 patients (69.6%) at 5 years. The SF-BARI Score was correlated with both the SF-BARI Score QOL (r = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95-0.96; P < .001) and %TWL (r = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.84-0.89; P < .001) and with the Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System (r = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.51-0.65; P < .001). Score outcomes were categorized as excellent, very good, good, fair, and suboptimal response. There was a statistically significant difference in scores at 1 vs 5 years (4.0; 95% CI, 1.4-6.6; P = .003), and the gastric bypass group had a higher score compared with the sleeve gastrectomy group (7.4; 95% CI, 3.4-11.5; P < .001). These findings indicate that this metabolic bariatric surgery outcome score is a simple, relevant, and feasible composite tool to define and measure MBS outcomes, enabling standardized reporting. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT00356213 (SM-BOSS) and NCT00793143 (SLEEVEPASS).

IBC-Oxford University2023_BJSPoster_17Bariatric Surgery on Patients with Epilepsy

Abstract Introduction Obesity is a common comorbid condition in patients with epilepsy, its occurrence is multifactorial and antiepileptic medications may contribute to the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Bariatric surgery can be offered to patients with epilepsy and obesity related comorbidities. Currently, there is lack of information regarding bariatric surgery on seizure control and antiepileptic drug concentration/toxicity. Methods A retrospective review of a local database was performed in a tertiary centre for Bariatric Surgery. All consecutive patients with epilepsy referred to the Bariatric MDT since 2010 were identified. Standard clinical data, postoperative complications, seizure frequency, antiepileptic therapy and weight loss were extracted. Results We identified 11 patients with epilepsy who underwent Bariatric Surgery (3 Sleeve gastrectomy, 4 gastric bypass, 4 gastric band). The %TWL 1 year after Bariatric Surgery (BS) was 22.4(20-24)%; 3 years following BS was 19.9(5-25)% and 5 years following BS was 18.9(4-24)%. 7 Patients remained seizure free during 5 year follow up after BS, in 3 people their seizure frequency did not change after BS and one patient had a cluster of dissociative seizures. There were no medication side effects reports due to impact of surgery. Conclusion Bariatric Surgery is a safe treatment option for individuals with epilepsy. The majority of patients with epilepsy who underwent bariatric surgery had no worsening in seizure frequency or experienced any medication side effects due to the impact of surgery on absorption. Individuals with morbid obesity and epilepsy can be considered for bariatric surgery. More research is required to adequately explore the impact of BS on patients with epilepsy.

EE630 The Economic Burden of Obesity in 4 Selected South-Eastern European Countries: Healthcare Resource Use and Costs Associated with Obesity-Related Comorbidities

EE630 The Economic Burden of Obesity in 4 Selected South-Eastern European Countries: Healthcare Resource Use and Costs Associated with Obesity-Related Comorbidities