Measures Of Obesity Research Articles

Breastfeeding: science and knowledge in pediatric obesity prevention.

The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity worldwide is a significant concern due to its link to severe health issues in adulthood, such as non-communicable diseases (NCDs). To address this issue, this review evaluates the effectiveness of various preventive measures for childhood obesity, focusing on maternal nutrition and breastfeeding. The study underscores the criticality of the periconceptional period, where the diets of both parents can influence epigenetic modifications that impact the child's metabolic pathways and obesity risks. Breastfeeding is a potent protective mechanism against early-onset obesity, significantly enhancing the infant's metabolic and immune health by modifying DNA methylation and gene expression. Furthermore, the perspective underscores the significance of the Mediterranean diet during the periconceptional period and lactation. This diet can effectively prevent gestational complications and improve breast milk quality, fostering optimal infant development. Recognizing that obesity results from genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and social factors, the paper advocates for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach from the earliest stages of life. This approach champions a balanced maternal diet, exclusive breastfeeding, and timely introduction to complementary foods. In conclusion, addressing pediatric obesity requires a multifaceted strategy emphasizing improving prenatal and postnatal nutrition. Further research is necessary to understand the epigenetic mechanisms influenced by nutrition and their long-term effects on children's health. This will help refine interventions that curb the obesity epidemic among future generations.

The relationships between obesity and epilepsy: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

There is ongoing debate regarding the association between epilepsy and obesity. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the correlation between epilepsy and obesity. This study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. On The Prospero website, this study has been successfully registered (CRD42023439530), searching electronic databases from the Cochr-ane Library, PubMed, Web of Sciences and Embase until February 10, 2024.The search keywords included "Epilepsy", "Obesity", "Case-Control Studies", "cohort studies", "Randomized Controlled Trial" and "Cross-Sectional Studies". The medical subject headings(MeSH) of PubMed was utilized to search for relevant subject words and free words, and a comprehensive search strategy was developed. Two reviewers conducted article screening, data extraction and bias risk assessment in strict accordance with the predefined criteria for including and excluding studies. The predefined inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) Inclusion of case-control, cohort, randomized controlled trial, and cross-sectional studies; 2) Segregation of subjects into epileptic patients and healthy controls; 3)Obesity as the outcome measure; 4) Availability of comprehensive data; 5) Publication in English. The exclusion criteria were as follows: 1) Exclusion of animal experiments, reviews, and other types of studies; 2) Absence of a healthy control group; 3) Incomplete data; 4) Unextractable or unconvertible data; 5) Low quality, indicated by an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality(AHRQ) score of 5 or lower,or a Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) score less than 3. The subjects included in the study included adults and children, and the diagnostic criteria for obesity were used at different ages. In this study, obesity was defined as having a body mass index(BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or higher in adults and being above the 85th percentile of BMI for age in children. We used obesity as an outcome measure for meta-analysis using RevMan, version 5.3. A meta-analysis was conducted on a total of 17 clinical studies, which involved 5329 patients with epilepsy and 480837 healthy controls. These studies were selected from a pool of 1497 articles obtained from four electronic databases mentioned earlier. Duplicate studies were removed based on the search strategies employed. No significant heterogeneity was observed in the outcome measure of obesity in epileptic patients compared with healthy controls(p = 0.01,I2 = 49%). Therefore, a fixed effects model was utilized in this study. The findings revealed a significant difference in obesity prevalence between patients with epilepsy and healthy controls(OR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.20-1.38, p<0.01). The results of this meta-analysis indicate that epilepsy patients are more prone to obesity than healthy people, so we need to pay attention to the problem of post-epilepsy obesity clinically. Currently, there is a scarcity of largescale prospective studies. Additional clinical investigations are warranted to delve deeper into whether obesity is a comorbidity of epilepsy and whether obesity can potentially trigger epilepsy.

The effectiveness of various obesity measurement methods to predict the risk of insulin resistance in non-diabetic young adults

The effectiveness of various obesity measurement methods to predict the risk of insulin resistance in non-diabetic young adults

Genetic Architecture of Body Fat Composition in Mice

Body fat composition is a quantitative measure of obesity, a major health concern in humans. Laboratory mice are considered an excellent model for dissecting the genetic basis of obesity due to the genetic variation present in inbred strains for body size and fat composition, as well as their historical use as a model organism for human disease studies. To identify the loci controlling fat pad weights and body weight in mice, we performed a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of 513 (SM/J x NZB/BINJ) F2 individuals fed a high-fat diet for 14 weeks. Our analysis separated fat composition genetic effects from those affecting overall body sizes in mouse. Composite interval mapping (CIM) results showed that body weight was conditioned by three major additive QTLs, explaining 3 to 30% of the phenotypic variation. One significant QTL on chromosome 19 conditioned all fat pads with the exception of the inguinal fat weight, which was controlled by a different QTL also on chromosome 19. Significant QTLs associated with fat compositions were detected on chromosomes 17 and 19 and differed from those of body weight. The fat pad QTLs also showed mainly additive gene effects and they explained 2 to 7% of variation in fat composition. Joint analysis of correlated traits detected five additional large effect QTLs on five different linkage groups. These findings have indicated that fat composition and body weight in mouse are conditioned by one to three major additive genes and can therefore be potentially manipulated in controlling obesity.

Comorbid Diabetes and Hypertension: Gender differences in prevalence and risk factors among adults (≥18 years) in an urban community in Kathmandu District in Nepal

Chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension are often influenced by biological, behavioural, environmental and social factors in women and men. This study aimed to identify the gender differences in prevalence and risk factors of comorbid diabetes and hypertension (CM) among adults aged 18 years and above in an urban community in Kathmandu, Nepal. A community-based cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in Gokarneshwor Ward 1, 2 and 3 among adults aged 18 years and above from September 2020- May 2023. Diabetes (DM) was defined as persons previously diagnosed by a physician and/or on anti-diabetic medication. Hypertension (HTN) was defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of ≥140 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of ≥90 mm Hg or those who were diagnosed by a physician and/or receiving antihypertensive medication. Comorbidity (CM) was defined as persons with diabetes and hypertension. Information regarding socio-demographic data, behavioural and biological risk factors, anthropometric assessment and morbidity were obtained from adults aged 18 years and above using a Family study proforma. Multinomial logistic regression analyses with the referent category being persons with no diabetes or hypertension (NDH) were performed for three categories HTN vs NDH, DM vs NDH and CM vs NDH. Among 1538 adults with 776 women, overall prevalence of comorbidity was 5.3% (95% CI: 4.3 – 6.5); among men 6.1% and 5.5% among women. After adjusting for age, for both women and men, being currently married, alcohol use, family history of diabetes and generalized obesity were associated with comorbidity. However, these associations were more robust for men. Moreover, measures of central obesity were associated with comorbidity for men alone. Though alcohol use was higher among men, the association with comorbidity was more robust for women. Paradoxically, lower educational status among women and higher education among men were associated with higher odds of comorbidity. In conclusion, prevalence of comorbid diabetes and hypertension may differ marginally among men and women. Though comorbidity rates appear to be lower in Nepal in comparison to other countries in South Asia, the rising burden emphasizes the need for tailored public health interventions that address modifiable risk factors among men and women. Further research may help to elucidate the role of gender on cardiovascular risk and hard outcomes such as cardiovascular events and mortality among persons with comorbid diabetes and hypertension.

REDEFINING OBESITY: A RATIO OF FAT AND MUSCLE MASS COMPARED TO BODY MASS INDEX IN OLDER ADULTS

Abstract Body composition is an important determinant of physical fitness and overall health in older adults. Body mass index (BMI) is currently the standard used to categorize clinical thresholds for body composition (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese). However, BMI does not account for key aspects of body composition like skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat mass (FM). This can lead to misclassification and inaccurate inferences about metabolic health. A FM/SMM ratio may better capture age-related changes in body composition like sarcopenia and obesity, but it is unknown whether FM/SMM correlates more closely with muscularity and adiposity than BMI. This cross-sectional study assessed 103 older adults (16 men, 87 women; mean age 75.7 ± 7.19 years; BMI 26.8 ± 5.22 kg/m2) for SMM, FM, and body fat percentage (BF%) using bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody S10). BF% was more highly correlated with FM/SMM (r = 0.979, p &amp;lt; 0.001) than BMI (r = 0.702, p &amp;lt; 0.001), and a Fisher’s R-to-Z analysis indicates that the difference is significant (95% CI [0.826, 0.926], z = 12.217, p &amp;lt; 0.001). However, SMM showed weak correlation with both FM/SMM (r = -0.306, p = 0.002) and BMI (r = 0.349, p &amp;lt; 0.001). FM/SMM may better detect changes in adiposity compared to BMI, suggesting utility as an obesity measure. Further research should examine the longitudinal validity of FM/SMM in older adults and its ability to predict metabolic and musculoskeletal health.

Gender differences in midlife to later-life cumulative burden and variability of obesity measures and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Previous studies have reported the gender-specific association between general and central obesity measures, using snapshot assessments, and mortality events. This study seeks to further explore this link by examining how the longitudinal cumulative burden and variability of obesity measures from midlife to later-life impact mortality events in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study population, specifically in relation to gender differences. Using data from the ARIC study, a total of 7615 (4360 women) participants free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and early mortality events were included in the data analysis. Longitudinal cumulative burden (estimated by the area under the curve (AUC) using a quadratic mixed-effects method) and variability (calculated according to average successive variability (ASV)) were considered as exposures, separately and all together. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted standardized hazard ratios. The mean age was 62.4 and the median follow-up was 16.9 years. In men, AUCs of waist-related obesity measures, and also ASVs of all obesity measures were associated with increased all-cause mortality risk. In women, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio AUCs were associated with increased all-cause mortality risk. Regarding cardiovascular mortality, all adiposity measures ASVs in both genders and waist-related obesity measures AUCs in men were associated with increased risk. Significant gender differences were found for the associations between cumulative and variability of waist-to-hip ratio for all-cause mortality and all adiposity measures ASVs for cardiovascular mortality risk with higher impact among men. Cumulative burden and variability in general and central obesity measures were associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities among men. In women, general obesity measures variability, as well as cumulative and variability of central adiposity measure, increased all-cause mortality risk.

Associations between metal(loid) exposure with overweight and obesity and abdominal obesity in the general population: A cross-sectional study in China

Previous studies have revealed links between metal(loid)s and health problems; however, the link between metal(loid)s and obesity remains controversial. We evaluated the cross-sectional association between metal(loid) exposure in whole blood and obesity among the general population. Vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sb), thallium (T1), and lead (Pb) were measured in 3029 subjects in Guangdong Province (China) using ICP-MS. The prevalence of overweight and obesity (OWO) and abdominal obesity (AOB) was calculated according to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that elevated blood Cu, Cd, and Pb levels were inversely associated with the risk of OWO, and these associations were confirmed by a linear dose-response relationship. Elevated blood Co concentration was associated with a decreased risk of AOB. A quantile g-computation approach showed a significantly negative mixture-effect of 13 metal(loid)s on OWO (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.99). Two metals—Ni and Mo—were inversely associated with the risk of OWO but positively associated with AOB. We cross-grouped the two obesity measurement types and found that the extremes of metal content were present in people with AOB only. In conclusion, blood Cu, Mo, Ni, Cd, and Pb were inversely associated with the risk of OWO. The presence of blood Co may be protective, while Ni and Mo exposure might increase the risk of AOB. The association between metal(loid) exposure and obesity warrants further investigation in longitudinal cohort studies.

Associations between body mass index and smoking behaviour: A cross-sectional study of the German adult population

BackgroundBoth smoking and high body weight are risk factors for disease, hence, the association between smoking and body weight is an important health issue. Furthermore, concern about weight gain after quitting smoking is for many smokers a barrier to smoking cessation. The present study aims to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and current tobacco smoking status in the population of Germany, and smoking and quitting behaviour amongst smokers (and recent ex-smokers =<12 months since quitting). MethodsCross-sectional analysis of two waves of data collected from March through June 2021 through a representative face-to-face household survey in Germany (N = 3 997 respondents aged ≥18). The associations between smoking and quitting behaviours and BMI were analysed through four regression models adjusted for socio-demographic, socio-economic, and smoking characteristics of respondents. ResultsLong-term ex-smokers (>= 12 months since quitting smoking) were more likely to have a higher BMI compared to never smokers (β = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.10–1.19). There was no statistically significant association between current smoking status or recent ex-smoking status and BMI (β = -0.29,95 %CI = -0.75–0.17 and β = -0.53, 95 %CI = -2.45–1.40). Among current smokers, no statistically significant association was found between BMI and the motivation to stop smoking (OR = 1.01, 95 %CI = 0.99–1.03). Neither number of cigarettes smoked a day nor outcome of most recent quit attempt were related to BMI (β = 0.01, 95 %CI = -0.04–0.05 and OR = 0.41, 95 %CI = 0.05–3.05). ConclusionIn the German population long-term ex-smoking but not current and recent ex-smoking was associated with increased BMI. Future research should further explore the association between smoking behaviour and abdominal obesity, preferably using a more accurate measure for abdominal obesity than BMI.

MAFLD and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment in the Primary Care Setting

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of disorders, characterized by multisystemic manifestations and heterogenous etiology associated with varying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The high risk-associated frequent NAFLD-phenotype, considered a consequence of the metabolic syndrome (MS), was recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The complex bidirectional interplay between visceral obesity-type 2 diabetes (T2D)-NAFLD-CVD is incompletely clarified, and the role of fatty liver disease suspected as an independent CVD risk factor is less addressed in the medical practice.Simple identification of MAFLD and risk stratification of MS patients at increased CVD risk in the primary care could contribute to the reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with the growing NAFLD epidemic.In 221 central Romanian IDF-criteria-diagnosed MS patients, MAFLD diagnosis and NAFLD-developed indices (FLI/Fatty-Liver-Index, HSI/Hepatic-Steatosis-Index, ZJU/Zhejiang-University-Index) were investigated, related to HOMA/QUICKI-assessed insulin resistance and diagnosed CVD.In the 59.34+/-9.54 year-old MS patients, FLI, HSI, ZJU showed moderate correlation with obesity (BMI/waist circumference: r=0.5/0.7-0.8/0.48-0.64/0.5,p<0.001), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR/IRI: r=0.33-0.37-0.45,p=0.001), fasting glucose (r=0.28-0.33-0.34,p<0.01) and other NAFLD- indices (r=0.38-0.59,p<0.001). Increased CVD risk associated with elevated HSI (>36: OR=2,p=0.03) and FLI (>60: OR=7,p=0.006), without reaching statistical significance in case of ZJU, to our best knowledge uninvestigated in European populations (>38: OR=2.75,p>0.05), and MAFLD in the diagnosis (OR=1.7,p>0.05).In conclusion, in MS patients with visceral obesity, NAFLD indices available in the primary care setting, based on obesity measurements, T2D presence and liver enzymes, correlate with insulin resistance and associate with an increased CVD risk, and may assist identification of MAFLD cases needing imperious management.

Correlation between visceral adiposity index and erectile dysfunction in American adult males: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES.

The risk of visceral obesity on erectile function has recently attracted much attention. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a brief and reliable indicator of visceral obesity measurement. Nevertheless, the association between VAI and erectile dysfunction (ED) is not completely clarified. Data from NHANES 2001-2004 were enrolled in this study. Erectile function was assessed by a database-self-administered questionnaire. VAI was calculated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The weighted logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the association between VAI and ED. Ultimately, 3380 participants were enrolled in the study, including 900 with ED and 2480 without ED. Compared to participants without ED, those with ED generally had higher levels of VAI (1.76 vs. 1.53). The weighted logistic regression analyses demonstrated increased odds of developing ED in participants within the 4th quartile (Q4) of VAI compared to the 1st quartile (Q1) of VAI (OR = 2.023; 95% CI, 1.534-2.669; P < 0.001). Similar results were still obtained after adjusting for the relevant covariates (OR = 1.404; 95% CI, 1.008-1.954; P = 0.044). In subgroup analyses grouped by smoking status, higher VAI was associated with increased odds of developing ED only in the current smoking group (OR = 1.092; 95% CI, 1.021-1.167; P = 0.010). This study indicated that higher VAI is independently related to ED risk and that early intervention is necessary to reduce the progression of ED with high VAI levels.

Proteomic insights into the associations between obesity, lifestyle factors, and coronary artery disease

BackgroundWe aimed to investigate the protein pathways linking obesity and lifestyle factors to coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsSummary-level genome-wide association statistics of CAD were obtained from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium (60,801 cases and 123,504 controls) and the FinnGen study (R8, 39,036 cases and 303,463 controls). Proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to identify CAD-associated blood proteins, supplemented by colocalization analysis to minimize potential bias caused by linkage disequilibrium. Two-sample MR analyses were performed to assess the associations of genetically predicted four obesity measures and 13 lifestyle factors with CAD risk and CAD-associated proteins’ levels. A two-step network MR analysis was conducted to explore the mediating effects of proteins in the associations between these modifiable factors and CAD.ResultsGenetically predicted levels of 41 circulating proteins were associated with CAD, and 17 of them were supported by medium to high colocalization evidence. PTK7 (protein tyrosine kinase-7), RGMB (repulsive guidance molecule BMP co-receptor B), TAGLN2 (transgelin-2), TIMP3 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3), and VIM (vimentin) were identified as promising therapeutic targets. Several proteins were found to mediate the associations between some modifiable factors and CAD, with PCSK9, C1S, AGER (advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor), and MST1 (mammalian Ste20-like kinase 1) exhibiting highest frequency among the mediating networks.ConclusionsThis study suggests pathways explaining the associations of obesity and lifestyle factors with CAD from alterations in blood protein levels. These insights may be used to prioritize therapeutic intervention for further study.

Associations of EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet or Finnish Nutrition Recommendations with changes in obesity measures: a follow-up study in adults

Background: Knowledge on the association between the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet (PHD) or the Finnish Nutrition recommendations (FNR) and anthropometric changes is scarce. Especially, the role of the overall diet quality, distinct from energy intake, on weight changes needs further examination.&#x0D; Objectives: To examine the association between diet quality and weight change indicators and to develop a dietary index based on the PHD adapted for the Finnish food culture.&#x0D; Methods: The study population consisted of participants of two Finnish population-based studies (n = 4,371, 56% of women, aged 30−74 years at baseline). Dietary habits at the baseline were assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire including 128−130 food items. We developed a Planetary Health Diet Score (PHDS) (including 13 components) and updated the pre-existing Recommended Finnish Diet Score (uRFDS) (including nine components) with energy density values to measure overall diet quality. Weight, height, and waist circumference (WC), and the body mass index (BMI) were measured at the baseline and follow-up, and their percentual changes during a 7-year follow-up were calculated. Two-staged random effects linear regression was used to evaluate β-estimates with 95% confidence intervals.&#x0D; Results: Adherence to both indices was relatively low (PHDS: mean 3.6 points (standard deviation [SD] 1.2) in the range of 0−13; uRFDS: mean 12.7 points (SD 3.9) in the range of 0−27). We did not find statistically significant associations between either of the dietary indices and anthropometric changes during the follow-up (PHDS, weight: β −0.04 (95% CI −0.19, 0.11), BMI: β 0.05 (−0.20, 0.10), WC: β −0.08 (−0.22, 0.06); uRFDS, weight: β 0.01 (−0.04, 0.06), BMI: β 0.01 (−0.04, 0.06), WC: β −0.02 (−0.07, 0.03)).&#x0D; Conclusion: No associations between overall diet quality and anthropometric changes were found, which may be at least partly explained by low adherence to the PHD and the FNR in the Finnish adult population.

Effect of exercise interventions on sarcopenic obesity in middle-aged and older adults: a comprehensive review

Purpose: This study examined the definitions, diagnostic criteria, and measurements of sarcopenic obesity and identified effective exercise interventions that improve cardiometabolic outcomes in middle-aged and older adults, in whom the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity is increasing. Methods: This comprehensive review followed the principles of literature search, data extraction, and review, as described in the PRISMA 2009 guidelines. Results: The 11 articles included in this study presented different concepts of sarcopenic obesity. Exercise interventions for sarcopenic obesity varied in their effects. Resistance exercise improved muscle mass and physical function, while aerobic exercise primarily impacted obesity and cardiometabolic indicators. Combined exercise had mixed results across indicators.Conclusion: This study addressed a pressing public health concern in the context of an aging population, acknowledged the unique challenges of sarcopenic obesity, and attempted to clarify definitions and assessment methods, while identifying effective exercise interventions to reduce cardiometabolic risk. Sarcopenic obesity is a multifaceted condition with varying definitions and diagnostic criteria. Its association with cardiometabolic risk underscores the need for comprehensive assessments considering both muscle and obesity indicators. While exercise interventions hold promise for managing sarcopenic obesity, further research is required to establish effective strategies.

The ZJU index is associated with the risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in Chinese middle-aged and older people: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe ZJU index, a novel calculation that combines body mass index, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose and the ratio of alanine aminotransferase to aspartate aminotransferase, is a closely related measure of obesity and insulin resistance. Studies of the ZJU index in relation to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have not been reported. This study assessed the correlation between the ZJU values and OSAS risk.MethodsA total of 2,130 participants who underwent polysomnographic monitoring were included in the study. The participants’ basic information and laboratory biochemical indicators were collected, and the ZJU index was computed. The ZJU index was divided into quartiles. The correlation between the different ZJU index levels and OSAS risk was assessed using logistic regression. Drew a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) relationship curve, with prediction efficacy judged by the area under the curve (AUC), and found the optimum cut-off point for ZJU index to predict OSAS. Relative risks were presented as odds ratios (OR). The range of OR values is expressed in the form of 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsThe number of patients diagnosed with OSAS increased progressively with increasing ZJU index (T1: 9.4%; T2: 20.6%; T3: 28.3%; T4: 41.7%; P < 0.001). The additional confounders were adjusted by the logistic regression models, the study revealed an independent correlation between ZJU index and OSAS. (P < 0.001). The OSAS risk was notably higher at the highest ZJU index levels. (OR = 2.046 [95% CI: 1.057 to 3.964]). The ROC curve for the ZJU index showed an AUC of 0.64 (P < 0.001) for males and 0.75 (P < 0.001) for females, with a specificity of 64% and 55% and a sensitivity of 60% and 92% for males and females, respectively, with the optimum cut-off values of 36.568 and 34.722, respectively.ConclusionA high ZJU index was significantly associated with an increasing risk of OSAS. The ZJU is expected to be a meaningful index for detecting OSAS in the general population.

Association between Cytogenetic Risk and Obesity in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A Meta-Analysis

Background: The global obesity epidemic has been well characterized over decades of research, linking increased body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 to multiple medical conditions including increased cancer risk, morbidity, and mortality. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) group found a positive correlation between obesity to 13 cancers and multiple studies suggest leukemia should be added to this list. The causation behind this risk in leukemia however is not well understood and the prognostic factors have not been well characterized. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) specifically defines risk based on cytogenetics between favorable, intermediate and unfavorable which significantly affects treatment decisions. The link between obesity and cytogenic risk factors in AML have not previously been thoroughly evaluated. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis aiming to evaluate the cytogenetic risk with obesity and prognostic significance in patients with AML. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across major databases until June 2023, using tailored search structures, subject headings, and keywords developed in collaboration with a medical research librarian. Two investigators independently screened the studies for inclusion. The inclusion criteria encompassed retrospective and prospective clinical studies that reported on the association between established cytogenetic classifications and standardized measures of excessive weight (BMI 25-30) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30). Meta-analysis was conducted using restricted maximum likelihood random-effects model. Results: From an initial pool of 1673 identified studies, eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 5887 patients. Among these patients, 1363 met the criteria for obesity (BMI ≥ 30) and 2176 met the criteria for excessive weight (BMI 25-30). The median patient's age was 54 (ranging from 15 to 89). The included studies originated from diverse geographic regions, including the USA, Japan, and France. Baseline patient characteristics are summarized in Table 1. Compared to overweight patients, our meta-analysis revealed a significant association between obesity and higher odds of unfavorable/intermediate cytogenetic risk (odds ratio [OR] 1.27, 95% CI [1.04; 1.54]), as seen in Figure 1. However, no meaningful statistical inference could be made regarding the association between obesity and specific gene mutations (such as FLT3, NPM1, CEBPa, TET2, IDH1, IDH2, RUNX1, and KRAS) due to the limited number of studies and small number of patients involved. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis demonstrates a significant association between obesity and unfavorable/ intermediate cytogenetic risk in patients with AML. Although the precise biological mechanisms remain elusive, several potential explanations have been proposed. These include the impact of obesity leading to chronic low-grade inflammation, altered adipokine secretion and insulin resistance, and metabolic changes on leukemic cell growth and survival. Despite the limitations of unknown cytogenetic risk in 590 patients and limited mutation data in some studies, our findings suggest that obesity may impact the prognosis of AML. Future research should address these limitations and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between obesity, cytogenetics, and AML prognosis.

Interaction of common variants of FTO gene and Dietary Inflammatory Index on obesity measures: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

BackgroundThis study aimed to examine the interaction of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on change in obesity measures.MethodsA total of 4480...

The association between weight-adjusted-waist index and depression: Results from NHANES 2005–2018

ObjectiveThe weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) serves as an innovative obesity measure, seemingly surpassing body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in evaluating lean and fat mass. This study aimed to explore the relationship between WWI and depression in United States (US) adults. MethodsThis population-based study investigated adults with comprehensive WWI and PHQ-9 (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire) data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2018. WWI was computed by dividing WC by the square root of body weight. Weighted multivariate logistic regression and smoothed curve fitting were employed to examine linear and non-linear associations. Additionally, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted. ResultsA total of 34,528 participants were enrolled with a prevalence of depression of 7.61 %. WWI was positively related to depression with the full adjustment [odds ratio (OR) = 1.21, 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI): 1.13–1.29]. After converting WWI to a categorical variable by quartiles (Q1–Q4), compared to Q1 the highest WWI quartile was linked to an obviously increased likelihood of depression (OR = 1.51, 95 % CI: 1.29–1.76). Subgroup analysis revealed the stability of the independent positive relationship between WWI and depression (all P for trend >0.05). ConclusionWWI levels were positively related to an increased likelihood of depression in US adults. Our findings indicated that WWI may serve as a simple anthropometric index to predict depression.

The Associations of Dispositional Optimism with Multiple Measures of Obesity among African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study

The Associations of Dispositional Optimism with Multiple Measures of Obesity among African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study

Tri-ponderal mass index as a screening tool for obesity prediction in children aged 6-9 years.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) in determining obesity in Chinese children aged 6-9 years, using the criteria of percentage of body fat (PBF) and body mass index z-scores (BMI-Z). The cross-sectional study included 5365 children, aged 6-9 years, who participated in the project survey "Group prevention and treatment of obesity among students and school health promotion in Shanghai" from September 2007 to September 2009. Height, weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), TMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and PBF were recorded. Statistical analyses including Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, chi-square test, receiver operating characteristics curve, and kappa chi-square test were performed. TMI for both sexes was relatively constant with increasing age, and statistically significant differences were not observed at some ages (P > 0.05 at 6, 7, 8, and 9 years). WHtR showed subtle changes, while BMI and PBF increased significantly with age in boys and girls (P < 0.01). Using BMI-Z criteria as the measure of general obesity, the results indicated that TMI cutoff values for 6-9 years were 14.60 kg/m3 for boys and 14.84 kg/m3 for girls (P < 0.001). Analysis of the agreement between TMI and BMI-Z showed that the kappa statistic was 0.826 in boys and 0.709 in girls (P < 0.001). TMI, as a constant tool, holds great potential as an alternative screening method for identifying children aged 6-9 years who may be at risk of obesity at an early stage.