Obese Wistar Rats Research Articles

Matrix Metalloproteinases in Obesity After Gastric Bypass Surgery—an Experimental Study

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the modulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and adipocytes and preadipocyte differentiation. The pathophysiology of obesity has characterized by many cellular and molecular processes such as inflammatory processes, macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue, and remodeling of ECM via MMP. The purpose of the study was to determine if we can consider MMPs as a marker of effectiveness in bariatric surgery and if sulodexide administration pre- and postoperative has a benefit in terms of tissue remodeling of weight loss. An experimental study has performed using 40 obese Wistar rats (10 rats in the control group and 30 obese rats in study groups). Those in the study group were divided into three groups and underwent gastric bypass (B group), sulodexide administration (S group), gastric bypass, and sulodexide administration (BS group). Sulodexide was administered because of its antithrombotic effect in the procoagulant status of obese subjects. The pre- and postoperative weight, glucose level, cholesterol, triglycerides, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were analyzed. We compared the results to see if bariatric surgery modifies the MMPs status and if there is a correlation between the weight loss and the other parameters and also if sulodexide has any contribution to the results. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were detectable, but MMP-2 was significantly higher than MMP-9. MMP-2 correlates with body weight parameters before surgery and after surgery, after significant bodyweight reduction as a result of bariatric surgery (r = 0.478, p = 0.017). There is a strong correlation between the weight loss, glucose level, and cholesterol and the values of MMP-2 (r = 0.92, p = 0.022, respectively, r = 0.759, p = 0.033). MMP-9 is correlated with weight loss and triglycerides level. But it was not as sensitive as MMP-2. Sulodexide administration in group S had a positive influence on the MMP-2 and MMP-9 compared with the values of groups B and C but without statistical significance. MMP-2 and MMP-9 are the two most important ECM enzymes involved in adipose tissue remodeling after bariatric surgery. The correlations between cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, weight loss, excess weight, and body mass index (BMI) parameters and MMPs level demonstrate the direct relationship of these enzymes in obesity. Although we believe that more in-depth studies are required, MMPs may be considered a marker of the effectiveness of bariatric surgery.

Comparative evaluation of the pharmacological value of virgin coconut oil, omega 3 fatty acids, and orlistat in experimental study on obesity with normo/hyper-lipidaemic diet

In this study, we compared the anti-obesitogenic effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO), omega3 fatty acids (N-3), and orlistat in obese Wistar rats fed with normo- or hyper-lipidaemic diets. The eighty rats (n = 10) that were used for this study were divided into 8 groups. The results revealed that VCO, N-3, and orlistat showed comparable effects on lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, c-reactive protein, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, uric acid, total protein, atherogenic and Lee indices, lipid profile, and insulin resistance. However, VCO demonstrated superior actions than N-3 and orlistat on malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and interleukin -6, while orlistat and N-3 proved to have a better effect on total antioxidant capacity and alanine aminotransferase respectively. Moreover, VCO and orlistat had an equivalent but more desirable effects than N-3 on glucose and insulin resistance, while VCO and N-3 precipitated a parallel but dominant action than orlistat on total bilirubin. The histological findings largely agreed with the biochemical assays. Conclusively, like orlistat, VCO and N-3 showed considerable anti-obesitogenic effects.

SAT-LB108 Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Different Insulin Resistance Models in Rats: Lean Goto-Kakizaki and Diet-Induced Obese Wistar Rats

Obesity is growing worldwide and one of the main causes of death. It is highly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and certain forms of cancer. The presence of two types of adipose tissue, which have the opposing function, has been known for a long time. White adipose tissue (WAT) is the tissue of energy expenditure storage, while Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is characterized to dissipates energy as heat and is required for non-shivering thermoregulation, presents a high thermogenesis capacity, regulating systemic metabolism and participating of the glycemic homeostasis, and displayed a high metabolic activity, which is due the presence of UCP1 (uncoupling protein-1) and through this the ability to dissipate energy, to burn away (extra) food, and it had been a proposal as a potential target to obesity treatment. Was identification a novel type of adipocytes, brite/beige adipocytes, localized within the WAT depots and possess the ability to increase energy expenditure. The BAT activity is regulated by the adrenergic receptor and Sympathetic Nervous System; however, its regulation by the insulin resistance state is not completely elucidated yet. In this study, we evaluated the BAT activity and response different animal models of insulin resistance: lean type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats and high-fat diet-induced obese Wistar rats. Animals at eight weeks-old were fed ad libitum with a control diet (Wistar-Control and GK-CD), high-fat diet (Wistar-HFD) and/ or plus condensed milk (wistar-HFD+CM) for eight weeks. To evaluate the BAT activity, 18F-FDG small-animal PET/CT was performed at 30 min after CL316,243 or saline injection. The activity of brown adipose tissue by 18F-FDG uptake sob basal conditions, when injecting saline, not shown a significant difference between the groups, however, shown lower 18F-FDG uptake in animals GK than compared with other groups. After CL 316,243 stimuli a highly specific beta 3- adrenoceptor agonist, the animals GK showed decreased 18F-FDG uptake in brown adipose tissue than the control group (by 56%). The analyze between to the groups sob saline or CL 316, 243 conditions by two-way ANOVA test, showed after stimuli that control group showed increased 18F-FDG uptake when compared to the HFD +CM and GK (by 68,9%) and (by 71%), respectively. The GK animals showed lower 18F-FDG uptake when compared with HFD and HFD+CM groups (by 62,3%) and (by 51%). The 18F-FGD showed decreased BAT activity after CL316,243 stimuli in GK animals. The encephalon18F-FDG uptake, under saline, showed higher uptake the animals HFD when compared with the GK group (by 171,3%). After stimuli CL 316, 243, the HFD group displayed higher 18F-FDG uptake than CM+HFD group and control group (by 35,3%) and (by 56,2%), respectively. The analyze between groups, baseline or CL 316, 243, showed that the baseline the HFD group displayed higher 18F-FDG uptake when compared with GK and CM+HFD group (by 63,1%) and (by 73,4%), respectively. These data showed decreased 18F-FDG uptake in response the stimuli CL 316, 243 in all groups, except GK group. These findings suggest a transition from brown to white adipose tissue in GK rats, a process known as “whitening”.

Protective effect of adropin against high fat diet-induced obese diabetic wistar rats via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway

Introduction: Liver steatosis (fatty liver) is frequently found during the conditions such as diabetes and obesity. The current experimental study was executed the effect of adropin against high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese diabetic Wistar rats via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups and divided as follows: normal, HFD control, HFD + adropin (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg), and HFD + Glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg), respectively. Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, hepatic parameters, antioxidant, and proinflammatory cytokines were estimated at the end of the experimental study. Nrf2 transcription and nuclear level were also estimated. In vitro adropin diminished the accumulation of lipid droplets in dose-dependent manner and no effect was observed on the lipolysis. Type II diabetic rats fed with HFD exhibited a marked reduction in hepatic extraction faction and hepatic steatosis after the adropin and glibenclamide treatment. Results: Adropin significantly (P

Effects of vibratory platform training on the histomorphometric parameters of the soleus muscle in obese Wistar rats

The increasing of obesity is one of the main challenges of public health, with an incentive to the development of healthy life habits and practise of physical exercise. Among the physical exercises, the use of whole body vibration is highlighted, which can promote gain of muscle strength. This study aimed atevaluating the effects that vibratory platform causes on the histomophometry and fiber types of the soleus muscle of Wistar rats with induced obesity by monosodium glutamate (MSG). Thirty-two male Wistar rats were used, 16 of which were induced by obesity with intradermal injections of MSG, equally randomized into four groups: control (GC), control with intervention (GCP), obese (GO), and obese with intervention (GOP). At the 70 days, the training on vibratory platform was started adapted to a frequency of 60 Hz and amplitude of 2 mm, performed 3 times a week, with a duration of 10 min, during 8 consecutive weeks. At 130 days, the animals were weighed and the nasoanal length was measured; then they were euthanized and the soleus muscles were collected and processed for analysis. Data were statistically analyzed about the homogeneity of variances by the Bartlett’s test, about the normality by Shapiro–Wilk’s test, then ANOVA of two factors and Tukey-HSD follow-up tests, adopting the significance level of 5%. Morphometrically, the obese groups presented muscle hypotrophy (p < 0.01) and the training caused increase in the fibers (p = 0.03), increase in the number of nuclei (p < 0.01), and decrease of connective tissue (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, there was no distinction among the muscle fiber types after the training on the vibratory platform, which is composed of oxidative fibers. The training on the vibratory platform induced beneficial effects in the muscle tissue of obese rats; however, both obesity and training did not influence on the fiber type of the soleus muscle.

Antioxidant, Hypolipidemic and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Flavonoid-rich Fraction of Hyphaene thebaica (Doum Palm) Fruits on Fat-fed Obese Wistar Rats

Aims: This study investigated the antioxidant, hypolipidemic and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory effects of flavonoid-rich fraction of H. thebaica on fat-fed obese wistar rats.&#x0D; Study Design: Twenty-five rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each: Control (standard diet, untreated), Obese control (Fat-fed, untreated), Standard control (Fat-fed, treated with 70 mg/kg Atorvastatin), Groups 4 and 5 (Fat-fed, treated with 100 and 250 mg kg-1 flavonoid-rich fraction, respectively). The rats were given high fat diet to induce obesity, after which treatment was administered for fourteen (14) days, and on the 15th day, rats were sacrificed and blood samples collected.&#x0D; Results: From the results, induction of obesity significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased body weight, some lipoproteins, ACE activity, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels, while HDL cholesterol and malondialdehyde levels decreased. Treatment of obese rats with the standard drug, atorvastatin and flavonoid-rich fraction of H. thebaica significantly (P&lt;0.05) decreased ACE activity, total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL cholesterol, while HDL cholesterol and malondialdehyde increased.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that the flavonoid-rich fraction of H. thebaica is hypolipidemic, possesses antioxidant activities, and may contain potent ACE inhibitors.

Increased Endothelin-1 Lung Level in Obesity Mice

Obesity is also strongly associated with various respiratory diseases, such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and aspiration pneumonia. In other hand, Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a peptide chain which is the most potent vasoconstriction in human body, participates in various pathology mechanisms of respiratory disease at a certain level, but relation between them is less known.This study intends to measure the lung ET-1 levels in obese wistar rats. We used 10 male wistar rats (Ratus Norvegicus), three months in aged, divided in two groups, nonobese group and obese group which were fed with high fat and carbohydrate diet for 21 weeks. The rohrer index was evaluated twice a week to control development of obesity. Lung endothelin-1 from the two groups were assessed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The data were then compared using independent T test. The results exhibit the significant enhancement of the endothelin-1 lung levels in the obese male rats compared with the lean male rats (p = 0.005). As a conclusion, it is clear that the levels of ET-1 lung in obese rats increase significantly. The further study is needed to find out the role of ET-1 in lung diseases-related obesity.

Strength training reduces lipid accumulation in liver of obese Wistar rats

Obesity has a positive relation to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and studies have demonstrated that strength training can regulate lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes of obese rats. AimsOur aim is to evaluate the effects of high fat diet and strength training on markers of oxidation and lipogenesis in the liver of Wistar rats. Main methodsForty Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 10): control (CTL), strength training (TR), high fat diet consumption (HF) and high fat diet consumption with strength training (HFT). Animals were subjected to physical strength training and high fat diet consumption for 12 weeks, 3 session per week. Then, the animals were euthanized, and liver markers were evaluated via immunolabeling. Key findingsOur results indicated that strength training reduced the expression of adiposity as well as the accumulation of glycogen and lipids in the liver. This reduction of fatty acid (FA) stored in hepatocytes is related to reduction of proteins linked to β-oxidation such as Fas/CD95, LIMP-II and CD36, as well as other proteins linked to lipogeneses such as SREBP-1. SignificanceFinally, we observed that high fat diet can alter lipogenesis and reduce β-oxidation promoted hepatic fat accumulation. In conclusion, there was a reduction of obesity-related hepatic lipogenesis after 12 weeks of strength training.

Protective effect of Betula utilis bark extract on high fat diet induced obesity in Wistar rats

BackgroundThe metabolic complications due to increased incidence of obesity, is now recognized as a major public health problem. In current era herbal medicine has been recognised as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of several clinical implications. ObjectivesThe current investigation is aimed to explore the anti-obesity effects pertaining to Betula utilis (BU) ethanolic extract in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity and hyperlipidemic rat model. MethodsExperimental obesity was developed in the male rats by administering HFD for 10 weeks. Initial and final body weight, Lee index, Body mass index (BMI), fat pads weight, serum glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and various lipoproteins were estimated in the current study. ResultsAfter four week of HFD treatment, BU (100–400 mg/kg/day p.o) was given along with high fat diet for further 6 weeks which significantly reduced HFD induced body weight gain and increase in adipose tissue mass in a dose dependant manner. Moreover, BU attenuated HFD induced augmented serum glucose, TG and TC. The anti-obesity potential of BU was comparable to a well established marketed drug orlistat. ConclusionThese results reflect that BU supplementation decreases body weight, improves obesity serum biomarkers (TG, TC, LDL), and the weight reducing activity of BU may be mediated by decreased fat absorption from the GIT.

Menthol‐induced hyperthermia and its implication for a pharmacological approach to obesity prevention and treatment

We have previously shown that short‐term repeated treatment with topical menthol results in less body mass gain in lean Wistar rats compared to controls due to a persistent increase in energy expenditure, with limited compensatory thermoregulatory adaptations and, most unexpectedly, without affecting food intake (Vizin et al, J Appl Physiol. 2018 124(3):672–683). Menthol seems thus to be a promising drug for the prevention of obesity. Whether repeated topical application of menthol affects body weight gain in obese animals is not known. We tested the effects of topical menthol (5%) treatment on body weight gain and body temperature on both genetic obese ob/ob mice and in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity in Wistar rats. In control mice (WT) repeated application of menthol (9 days) resulted in a reduction of body mass gain, as a consequence of increased energy expenditure, as measured by the persistent hyperthermic response after menthol. However, in obese ob/ob mice repeated application of menthol for 9 days was not sufficient to cause a significant reduction in body mass gain. The hyperthermic response of ob/ob mice to menthol was reduced as compared to WT thermoregulatory response. In HFD‐obese rats, topical menthol treatment for 9 days resulted in a decrease in ~20g in mean body weight, which is correspondent to a 5% reduction in body mass. Menthol treatment was accompanied by a hyperthermic response in obese rats, which most probably accounted for the increased energy expenditure that allowed body mass reduction. Our data support the suggestion that menthol is a promising drug not only for obesity prevention (as it reduces body mass gain in lean animals) but also for the treatment of HFD‐induced obesity as well.Support or Funding InformationFapesp (grants 2017/13062‐5 and 2015/02991‐0)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Antiobesity Activity of Flavanoids Isolated from Solanum macrocarpum in Wistar Rats

Aims: To correlate obesity/atherosclerosis with body mass index, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum low density lipoprotein and serum high density lipoprotein of diet induced obese wistar rats.&#x0D; Study Design: Department of Home Science, Nutrition and Dietetics (Animal research house) and Department of veterinary science both in University of Nigeria Nsukka. The study was conducted between January to March 2012.&#x0D; Methodology: Four groups of twenty male Wistar rats were fed a highly palatable diet for 2 weeks to induce obesity resembling mild obesity condition in human population after one week acclimatization period. DIO rats received rat chow and flavonoids extract daily for 6 weeks. Group 1 received rat chow alone; Group 2- 0.05% of flavonoids extract and rat chow; Group 3- 0.15% of flavonoid extract and rat chow; and Group 4- 0.25% of flavonoid extract and rat chow. BMI, Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and Triglyceride were evaluated using standard assay technique. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and mean separated using LSD.&#x0D; Results: Feeding the rats with palatable diet showed increased in BMI (from 0.35-0.40 to 0.60-0.65), total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride levels along with decrease in HDL (p&lt;0.05). Consumption of flavonoids resulted in the significant reduction in BMI, LDL, total cholesterol and triglyceride level and exhibit significant elevation in HDL cholesterol compared to the rats fed only rat chow (p&lt;0.05). It was observed that the decrease in BMI, Triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol level of rats fed 0.25% of flavonoids were significantly different (p&lt;0.05) from those fed 0.15% and 0.05% flavonoids.&#x0D; Conclusions: The results suggest that flavonoids extract from Solanum macranthum has atherogenic effect which can help to reduce obesity.

Sleeve gastrectomy in obese Wistar rats improves diastolic function and promotes cardiac recovery independent of weight loss

BackgroundHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction is the most common cause of heart failure and is characterized by impaired diastolic relaxation. Bariatric surgery significantly improves diastolic relaxation, but a mechanism beyond weight loss remains unknown. ObjectivesWe tested the hypothesis that a sleeve gastrectomy (SG) will improve diastolic dysfunction independent of weight loss due to postoperative alterations in the enterocardiac axis. SettingUniversity research laboratory. MethodsMale Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) for 10 weeks and then divided into SG-HFD, pair-fed sham HFD, ad-lib sham HFD, or ad-lib sham LFD groups (n = 9–14 per group). At least 2 months postoperatively, cardiac function, meal tolerance, glucose tolerance, and cardiac gene expression were compared between groups. ResultsOnly the SG cohort showed significant improvements in postoperative diastolic relaxation (isovolumetric relaxation time pre-SG: 14.7 ± 2.3 msec, post-SG: 11.2 ± 1.8 msec, P < .001). SG significantly increased active glucagon-like peptide-1 (P = .03). Compared to pair-fed sham HFD rats, SG-HFD rats had significantly altered mRNA cardiac gene expression, including sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 a (SERCA2 a) (P < .001). ConclusionsSG improves diastolic function independent of weight loss in a rat model of obesity with beneficial alterations in cardiac gene expression of multiple known targets related to cardiac failure, including SERCA2 a. These data support that a greater curve gastrectomy induces beneficial intracellular cardiac signaling for diastolic function mediated by the enterocardiac axis that is independent of weight loss. These findings could translate to offering metabolic surgery to patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

The Effect of Exercise and Protein Source on Food Intake Regulation and Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Female Wistar Rats

Background: Beneficial effects of dietary proteins and exercise in treatment of obesity is well-recognized. The effect of exercise and protein source on food intake, body weight and characteristics of metabolic syndrome in obese female Wistar rats was examined. Female Wistar rats received an obesogenic diet for 12 weeks. Then, rats were allocated to four groups and received one of the following treatments for eight weeks: 1- Whey protein Diet + Exercise (WPE), 2- Soy protein diet + exercise (SPE), 3- Whey protein diet, no exercise (WPN), 4- Soy protein diet, no exercise (SPN). The exercise comprised of 30 minutes on a treadmill, three times/week. Body weight (BW) and food intake (FI), blood pressure, pulse, glucose and intake regulatory hormones were measured. Results: FI and plasma ghrelin (2.7 times) were higher in exercise groups compared with non-exercise groups. BW was lower (6.7%) in groups fed a whey protein diet compared with those fed a soy protein diet. Abdominal fat (% BW) was lower (22.8%) in WPE compared with other groups. Diastolic blood pressure (11.1%) and pulse (6%) were lower in groups fed a soy protein diet compared with groups fed a whey protein diet. Conclusion: While exercise affects food intake, source of protein determines BW and BC. Whey protein showed more favorable effect on BW and body composition.

Beneficial effect of sitagliptin on high fat diet induced obesity in wistar rats

PurposeObesity is one of the rising health problems and has become a major concern with highest prevalent global epidemiology. Various evidences suggest that the action or effect of glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1), which acts as a satiety signal may be impaired in obese subjects. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is the principal enzyme that metabolizes GLP-1 and sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor which prevents the breakdown of GLP-1. Thus the purpose of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effect of sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor on body weight gain, adiposity and biochemical anomalies in rats. Materials and methodsIn the present study chronic administration of sitagliptin (10, 20 and 40 mcg/kg/day p.o) for 6 weeks along with high fat diet to the obese rats which were pretreated with high fat diet feeding for 4 weeks on the various parameters of obesity were analyzed. Their effects on body weight, feed intake (kcal), weight and size of fat pads, levels of serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoprotein were analyzed. ResultsTreatment with sitagliptin (10, 20 and 40 mcg/kg/day p.o) produced significant dose dependent decrease (p < 0.05) in body weight gain, feed intake (kcal), weight and size of fat pads, levels of serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins as compared to high fat diet group. Moreover level of serum high density lipoproteins were increased as compared to high fat diet group. Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor positively modulates the parameters of obesity and the effect was comparable to orlistat, a well reported drug for obesity.

Effect of ethanolic extract of Cuscuta reflexa on high fat diet- induced obesity in Wistar rats

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of ethanolic extract of Cuscuta reflexa on high fat diet induced obesity in Wistar rats. MethodsIn the present study, male Wistar rats were selected and fed with HFD for 4 weeks. They were then treated with different doses of Cuscuta reflexa (200 and 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.o.d.) for 6 weeks along with HFD. Orlistat (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.o.d.), a potent lipase inhibitor and standard drug for obesity was used as a standard control in the present study. The effects of these treatments on body weight parameters, feed intake (Kcal), levels of serum glucose, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were analyzed. ResultsTreatment with ethanolic extract of Cuscuta reflexa produced significant dose dependent decrease in the body weight, BMI, Lee's index, feed intake (in Kcal) as compared to HFD treated rats. Oral administration of graded doses of Cuscuta reflexa extract caused reduction in the levels of serum TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and glucose and the level of HDL was enhanced as compared to HFD fed group. ConclusionThe results suggest that administration of Cuscuta reflexa can inhibit the development of obesity in HFD-induced obesity.

Effect of Ventromedial Hypothalamus on Food Intake, Body Weight, Insulin Resistance, Lipid Profile and Thyroid Profile in High-Fat Diet Obese Female Wistar Rats

Effect of Ventromedial Hypothalamus on Food Intake, Body Weight, Insulin Resistance, Lipid Profile and Thyroid Profile in High-Fat Diet Obese Female Wistar Rats

Evaluation of Anti-obesity Potentials of Phenolic-Rich Fraction of Solanum aethiopicum L. and Solanum macrocarpon L on Diet-induced Obesity in Wistar Rats

Evaluation of Anti-obesity Potentials of Phenolic-Rich Fraction of Solanum aethiopicum L. and Solanum macrocarpon L on Diet-induced Obesity in Wistar Rats

Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus induce lipopolysaccharide tolerance in rat neutrophils

Obesity and diabetes implicate in various health complications and increased mortality caused by infection. Innate immune system is broadly affected by these diseases, leading the patients to an immunosuppressive state. A mechanism that leads innate immune cells to a less capacity of killing microorganism is the impaired TLR4 activation. TLR4 recognizes a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and when activated increases the production of inflammatory substances. Neutrophils are components of the innate immune system and are the first responders to an invading agent. The correct activation of TLR4 in these cells is required for the initiation of the inflammatory process and elimination of the microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of type 2 diabetes and obesity in the TLR4 pathway in rat neutrophils. Two experimental models were used: Goto-Kakizaki rats and high-fat-diet induced obese Wistar rats. To evaluate neutrophil response to LPS, intratracheal LPS instillation was used. Neutrophils from obese and diabetic animals exhibited tolerance to LPS, mainly by the impaired production of cytokines and chemokines and the low content of phospho-NFκB and phospho-IKBα. Neutrophils from both experimental models had increased cell death, impaired in vivo migration and myeloperoxidase activity.

Bacupari peel extracts (Garcinia brasiliensis) reduces the biometry, lipogenesis and hepatic steatosis in obese rats

The aim was to evaluate the effect of the ethanol extract of bacupari peel (EEB) on biometric measurements, hepatic lipogenesis and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese Wistar rats. Chemical analysis of the bacupari peel extract identified 7-epiclusianone as the major constituent (140.02 mg/g) followed by morelloflavone (35.86 mg/g). Animals treated with high fat diet plus EEB (BHFD) reduced body mass index (BMI), liver weight and hepatosomatic index in relation to the obese control. The food intake was similar between hyperlipid group (HFD) groups with or without EEB. However, the normal control group (AIN-93 M) presented higher food intake and lower final weight compared to the obese control (HFD). The PPAR-α, CPT-1a and the ADIPOR2 genes expressions, and the concentration of the PPAR-α and the adiponectin protein level increased in the BHFD group in relation to the obese control. The EEB promoted reduction of the SREBP-1c gene expression and the percentage of hepatic fat and the degree of steatosis in relation to HFD. It was concluded that EEB showed a protective effect on NAFLD, as it promoted a reduction in BMI, induced lipid oxidation, reduced lipogenesis and hepatic steatosis. Moreover, our results suggest an interaction that can lead to an agonist activity of the EEB to the PPAR-α receptor.

427 The diet based on oil of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excels) minimizes the alterations on testicular morphology related to obesity in Wistar rats

427 The diet based on oil of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excels) minimizes the alterations on testicular morphology related to obesity in Wistar rats