Obese Wistar Rats Research Articles

Combined Sleeve Gastrectomy and Omentoplasty Improves Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Obese Rats with Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trials

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is often associated with obesity, which can lead to chronic inflammation. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a common treatment for obesity. Combining SG with omentoplasty, might help reducing inflammation in pancreatic beta cells. However, there is limited research regarding the combined effects of SG and omentoplasty in type 2 DM (T2DM). This study was conducted to fill this gap by evaluating the impact on body weight, insulin resistance, glucagon expression, and levels of interleukins (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-10 in obese rats with type II DM.METHODS: An experimental study was conducted on 18 obese Wistar rats with DM that were randomized into: control, T1 (SG), and T2 (SG + omentoplasty). SG involved the surgical removal of a portion of the stomach to reduce its size, while omentoplasty utilized the omentum to target inflammation in pancreatic beta cells. Venous blood samples were taken from subjects one day before and ten days after the intervention to measure the biomedical parameters with various methods. Data was statistically analyzed using paired t-tests for pre-test and post-test differences, and Post Hoc tests or Mann-Whitney tests for hypothesis testing.RESULTS: All rats were confirmed to have obesity and DM according to the Lee index and blood glucose levels. T2 group exhibited a significant decrease in body weight, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were lower, and glucagon expression, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were significantly greater compared to both control and T1 groups.CONCLUSION: The combination of SG and omentoplasty significantly improves inflammation and insulin resistance in obese rats with T2DM.KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, sleeve gastrectomy, omentoplasty, inflammation, obesity

Preconceptional paternal caloric restriction of high-fat diet-induced obesity in Wistar rats dysregulates the metabolism of their offspring via AMPK/SIRT1 pathway

BackgroundObesity is a metabolic syndrome where allelic and environmental variations together determine the susceptibility of an individual to the disease. Caloric restriction (CR) is a nutritional dietary strategy recognized to be beneficial as a weight loss regime in obese individuals. Preconceptional parental CR is proven to have detrimental effects on the health and development of their offspring. As yet studies on maternal CR effect on their offspring are well established but paternal CR studies are not progressing. In current study, the impact of different paternal CR regimes in diet-induced obese male Wistar rats (WNIN), on their offspring concerning metabolic syndrome are addressed.MethodsHigh-fat diet-induced obese male Wistar rats were subjected to caloric restriction of 50% (HFCR-I) and 40% (HFCR-II) and then they were mated with normal females. The male parent’s reproductive function was assessed by sperm parameters and their DNMT’s mRNA expression levels were also examined. The offspring’s metabolic function was assessed by physiological, biochemical and molecular parameters.ResultsThe HFCR-I male parents have shown reduced body weights, compromised male fertility and reduced DNA methylation activity. Further, the HFCR-I offspring showed attenuation of the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway, which is associated with the progression of proinflammatory status and oxidative stress. In line, the HFCR-I offspring also developed altered glucose and lipid homeostasis by exhibiting impaired glucose tolerance & insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia and steatosis. However, these effects were largely mitigated in HFCR-II offspring. Regarding the obesogenic effects, female offspring exhibited greater susceptibility than male offspring, suggesting that females are more prone to the influences of the paternal diet.ConclusionThe findings highlight that HFCR-I resulted in paternal undernutrition, impacting the health of offspring, whereas HFCR-II largely restored the effects of a high-fat diet on their offspring. As a result, moderate caloric restriction has emerged as an effective weight loss strategy with minimal implications on future generations. This underscores the shared responsibility of fathers in contributing to sperm-specific epigenetic imprints that influence the health of adult offspring.

Hypocholesterolemic potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KAVK1 modulates lipid accumulation on 3T3-L1 adipose cells and high fat diet-induced obese rat model.

The significance of microorganisms occurring in foods is predominantly targeted due to their application for identifying a novel range of the bacterial spectrum. Diverse microbial species are capable of exhibiting potential pharmacological activities like antimicrobial and anticancer. Microbial strains capable of reducing obesity-related syndromes have also been reported. In the present study, the hypocholesterolemic efficacy of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolated from dairy products was scrutinised by in vitro (3T3-L1 adipose cells) and in vivo (high-fat diet-induced obese Wistar albino rats) methods. Potential cholesterol-lowering isolates were screened using a plate assay method and optimised by physical parameters. Molecular identification of the topmost five cholesterol-lowering isolates was acquired by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene region. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain KAVK1, followed by strains KAVK2, KAVK3, KAVK4, and KAVK5 were molecularly determined. Further, cholesterol-lowering strains degraded the spectral patterns determined by the side chain of a cholesterol molecule. The anti-lipase activity was demonstrated using the porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory method and compared with the reference compound Atorvastatin. Lyophilised strain KAVK1 revealed maximum pancreatic lipase inhibition. Strain KAVK1 attenuated lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipose cell line predicted by Oil Red O staining method. Significant reduction of body weight and change in lipid profile was recognised after the supplement of KAVK1 to obese rats. Histopathological changes in organs were predominantly marked. The result of this study implies that the cholesterol-lowering B. amyloliquefaciens KAVK1 strain was used to treat hypercholesterolemia.

The Long Non-Coding RNA Obesity-Related (Obr) Contributes To Lipid Metabolism Through Epigenetic Regulation.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is part of today's epidemic and also increases the risk of other metabolic diseases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) provide one tier of regulatory mechanisms to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Although lncRNAs are a significant constituent of the mammalian genome, studies aimed at their metabolic significance, including obesity, are only beginning to be addressed. Here, a developmentally regulated lncRNA, termed as obesity related (Obr), whose expression in metabolically relevant tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas is altered in diet-induced obesity, is identified. The Clone 9 cell line and high-fat diet-induced obese Wistar rats are used as a model system to verify the function of Obr. By using stable expression and antisense oligonucleotide-mediated downregulation of the expression of Obr followed by different molecular biology experiments, its role in lipid metabolism is verified. It is shown that Obr associates with the cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) and activates different transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism. Its association with the Creb histone acetyltransferase complex, which includes the cAMP response element-binding protein (CBP) and p300, positively regulates the transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism. In addition, Obr is regulated by Pparγ in response to lipid accumulation.

The Effect of Endurance Training with Garlic and Stevia Supplementation on AgRP and α-MSH in Brain Tissue of Obese Wistar Rats

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of endurance training with garlic and stevia supplementation on AgRP and α-MSH in the brain tissue of obese Wistar rats. Methods: 36 obese male Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet (24 g fat, 24 g protein, and 41 g carbohydrate/100 g) were divided into six groups, including: 1) sham; 2) stevia supplementation; 3) garlic supplementation; 4) endurance training; 5) stevia supplementation plus endurance training, and 6) garlic supplementation plus endurance training. Moreover, 6 rats were included in the healthy control group to investigate the effects of obesity on the research variable. Training groups performed incremental endurance training for 15-50 minutes at a speed of 15-25 m/min, for eight weeks. Garlic and stevia supplements were added to the diet of the supplementation groups at a dose of 250 mg/kg. Results: Levels of AgRP in stevia supplementation group were significantly higher than endurance training (P=0.019) and endurance training plus stevia supplementation (P=0.018) groups. Levels of α-MSH in the garlic supplementation (P=0.001), endurance training (P=0.002), stevia supplementation plus endurance training (P=0.001), and garlic supplementation plus endurance training (P=0.001) groups were significantly higher than the sham group. In addition, in the endurance training plus stevia supplementation group, the levels were significantly higher than the stevia supplementation group (P=0.002). Conclusion: Endurance training plus garlic supplementation as well as endurance training plus stevia supplementation seem to play a synergistic role in appetite control protein; however, more studies on AgRP changes, following training and garlic and stevia supplementation are needed.

Abstract B025: IL6 signaling in pre-malignant obese endometrium and endometrial cancer

Abstract Objective: Obesity associated chronic inflammatory status plays a role in the increased endometrial cancer incidences, IL-6 is one of those inflammatory molecules. To explore the potential of targeting pro-inflammation factors for endometrial cancer prevention, using multi-platform and multi-model analysis, we investigated IL6 and its associated signaling in pre-malignant endometrium and low-grade endometrial cancer. Methods: Illumina microarray and Nanostring nCounter® Pancancer Immune profiling panel gene expression profiling was performed on pre-malignant obese endometrium from diet induced obese Wistar rats, and endometrium from obese patients, lean endometrium was used as control. Clariom D assay was performed on RNA extracted from the gland and stroma of human obese endometrial carcinoma (OEC) and obese normal endometrium (ONE). IPA, nSolver, Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC), and CIBERSORTx were used for data analysis. Ishikawa cells were 2D and 3D cultured, or 3D co-cultured with endometrial stroma cell line SHT290. Western blot was used for testing cell signal activity. Results: Pronounced IL-6 signaling (Z-score:2.3333, p=2.48E-02) was shown in pre-malignant obese endometrium of diet induced obese rats compared with lean littermates: NF-kB signaling (Z-score:2.714, p=3.47E-02), STAT3 signaling (Z-score:2.53, p=6.56E-04), and tumor microenvironment pathway (Z-score: 3.441, p=6.81E-05) were enhanced; PTEN signaling (Z-score:-1.997, p=2.76E-03) was attenuated. IL6R (FC=1.64, p=0.017), MMP2 (FC=1.938, p=0.026), IL1R2 (FC=1.75, p<0.0001), and CCL2 (FC=2.251, p=0.002) expression were increased. IL6 induced stronger STAT3 signaling, and weaker activation of MAPK signaling in Ishikawa cells 3D co-cultured with stroma cells, compared with 3D cultured Ishikawa cells without stroma cells. No IL-6 induced activation of MAPK signaling was observed with activation of Stat3 signaling in 2D-cultured Ishikawa cells. In pre-malignant obese endometrium from patients with high serum IL-6 levels, attenuated pro-inflammation signaling was seen compared with that from patients with low serum IL6 level: expression of IL1A (FC=-2.21, p=0.001), IRF8 (FC=-1.83, p=0.012), GAGE1 (FC=-3.49, p=0.028), and LBP (FC=-2.03, p=0.038) were decreased. Compared with pre-malignant obese endometrium, more regulatory T cell (Tregs, 0.1276 vs 0.077, p=0.04), and less eosinophils (0.003 vs 0.022, p=0.028) in the stroma, and more neutrophils (0.0145 vs. 0, p=0.02) in the tumor glands were observed in obese EC, implicating immuno-suppression in OEC. Conclusion: Due to the elevated systemic pro-inflammation status, pre-malignant obese endometrium demonstrated activated IL-6 signaling. IL-6 induced cell signaling varied by cellular microenvironment. In pre-malignant endometrium from obese women with high systemic IL-6 level, attenuated inflammation signaling was observed compared to those with low serum IL6 levels. Immuno-suppression was implicated in obese EC. Citation Format: Qian Zhang, Brenda Melendez, Xiaoping Su, Mikayla Bowen, Joseph Celestino, Melinda Sue Yates, Karen Lu. IL6 signaling in pre-malignant obese endometrium and endometrial cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Endometrial Cancer: Transforming Care through Science; 2023 Nov 16-18; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(5_Suppl):Abstract nr B025.

Use of Callistemon citrinus as a gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory agent on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in obese rats.

Obesity leads to an elevated risk of developing gastrointestinal disease such as gastric ulcers. Callistemon citrinus leaf extract has shown antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and chemoprotective effects against colon cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of C. citrinus leaf extract on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in obese rats. Gastric ulcers were induced in female obese Wistar rats using a single oral dose of indomethacin (IND). In the first stage, the rats were fed with a high fat sugar diet (HFSD) for 15 weeks to induce obesity and, at the same time, the diet of the other group of animals included daily administration of ethanolic C. citrinus leaf extract (250 mg/kg) in addition to HFSD. In the second stage, gastric ulcers were induced with IND (30 mg/kg). The gastroprotective activity of C. citrinus, the inflammatory enzyme activities, and cytokines in the stomach were determined. C. citrinus produced a reduction of gastric lesions caused by IND. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activities also decreased. Although inflammatory biomarkers such as TNFα, IL-6, AOPP, and leptin were significantly decreased by C. citrinus, adiponectin levels increased. Moreover, C. citrinus decreased weight gain and morphological and biochemical parameters. The use of indomethacin in rats fed with a high fat-sugar diet increased gastric ulcers. Gastroprotective effect of C. citrinus in obese rats is attributed to the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the inflammatory enzymes.

Hypolipidemic effect and modulation of hepatic enzymes by different edible oils in obese Wistar rats

The current study assessed the hypolipidemic effect and modulation of hepatic enzymes by different edible oils in obese Wistar rats. In order to conduct this study, 36 Wistar rats that were collected at 5 weeks of age and weighed an average of 70 g were split into two groups: 28 of them were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and 8 of them were fed a control diet. After 5 weeks of feeding, rats from the HFD (obese, n = 4) and the control diet group (n = 4) were sacrificed. Subsequently, the rest of obese rats (n = 24) were separated into six groups, including the continuing high-fat (CHF) diet group, rice bran oil (RBO) diet group, olive oil (OO) diet group, soybean oil (SO) diet group, cod liver oil (CLO) diet group, and sunflower oil (SFO) diet group, and the continuing control diet group (n = 4). Rats from each group were sacrificed following an additional 5 weeks, and all analytical tests were carried out. The results found that the interventions of RBO, CLO, and SFO in obese rats reduced their body weight non-significantly when compared with CHF. It was also observed that a non-significant reduction in weight of the heart, AAT, and EAT occurred by RBO, OO, SO, and CLO, while SFO reduced the AAT level significantly (p < 0.05). Besides, RBO, OO, SO, CLO, and SFO decreased IBAT and liver fat significantly compared to CHF. Similarly, the administration of RBO, OO, SO, and CLO reduced ALT significantly. RBO reduced GGT (p < 0.05) significantly, but other oils did not. The given oil has the efficiency to reduce TC, TAG, and LDL-C but increase HDL-C significantly. These findings suggest that different edible oils can ameliorate obesity, regulate lipid profiles, and modulate hepatic enzymes.

Effect of Guduchi Triphala Kwatha with Lohabhasma as Prakshepa Churna in the Management of Obesity

Obesity a complex metabolic disorder, involves the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue and it is recognised as a major global health challenge. Preclinical study conducted on obesity provides valuable insights into the revalidation of the treatment approach of Sthoulya. Methods: In this study the efficacy of Guduchi Triphala Kwatha added with Lohabhasma, as Prakshepa Churna evaluated in High fat diet (HFD) fed, obese Wistar albino rats. A Control group containing 6 rats were administered with distilled water (9.86ml/kg), another group received standard drug Orlistat (30mg/kg) and the trial group was given Kwatha (9.86ml/kg) added with Lohabhasma (25.65mg/kg). High fat diet was continued throughout the study period. All the drugs were administered orally once a day for 30 days. At the end of the experimental period various physical, biochemical and histopathological observations were made. Results: Data of in-vivo studies revealed that significant reduction in body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), upon trial drug treatment. Elevated levels of, insulin, leptin, lipid profile, liver function, kidney function and antioxidant status were also showed significant results. Milder changes were observed in histopathological examination of Liver, Kidney and Adipose tissue even though HFD was continuing throughout the study period. Conclusion: The trial drug showed significant result in the assessment parameters after treatment.

Anti-obesity activity of Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr leaves extract in high fructose-induced obesity in Wistar rats

Introduction: Obesity is known to lead to the development of metabolic disorders and Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr has shown the potential in alleviating some diseases. This study aimed to assess the anti-obesity activity of the ethanol extract of E. subumbrans leaves (EES) in obese Wistar albino rats. Methods: The rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 5): normal group (no obesity inducement, treated with standard feed); high fructose (60%)-induced obesity (obesity induced, no treatment); control-1 group (obesity-induced, treated with orlistat 10.8 mg/kg BW); control-2 group (obesity-induced, treated with Isprinol 45 mg/kg); control-3 group (obesity-induced, treated with metformin 45 mg/kg); three test groups (obesity-induced, treated with EES 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively). The obesity inducement was conducted for 7 weeks. The rats were observed for body weight (BW), feed residue, feces index, triglycerides, organ index, and leucocyte profile. Results: The screening for secondary metabolites in EES revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols, and tannins. EES decreased the percentage of BW gain, appetite, organ index (spleen), total fat, triglycerides, and leucocyte profile of the rats. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of the leaves of E. subumbrans has the potential to be developed as an anti-obesity agent, although the molecular mechanism of its pathway modulation is still unknown.

The interactive effects of gestational obesity and maternal high- and normal-protein diets on food intake, body weight, composition, and glucose metabolism in male offspring of obese Wistar rats.

More than two-thirds of women during childbearing years (20-39 years old) are overweight or obese in the United States, with protein intake among 20-49-year-old women being 1.6 times higher than recommended (75.4 g/day versus 46 g/day) that can be considered as a relatively high-protein diet (HPD). Both gestational obesity and HPDs during gestation adversely affect offspring health. This study investigates the impact of HPDs fed during gestation and lactation on obese mothers and their offspring in Wistar rats. Dams randomized to either a normal-protein diet (NPD) or HPD (n = 12/group). Pups from each maternal group were weaned to either NPD or HPD for 17 weeks (n = 12/group). No effect of maternal or weaning diet on food intake, body weight, or body fat/weight ratio was observed. However, NPD dams exhibited higher glucose area under the curve compared with HPD dams (p < 0.03). At weaning, offspring born to NPD dams showed higher fasting plasma glucose (P < 0.03) and insulin/glucose ratio (P = 0.05) than those born to HPD dams. The Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index was higher in offspring born to NPD dams (P < 0.04) and weaned to NPD (P < 0.05) at week 17. These findings underscore the role of high-protein maternal and weaning diets in pregnancy outcomes for obese mothers, particularly in glucose homeostasis, although gestational obesity may overshadow other parameters. Further research is needed to fully understand the impact on both maternal and offspring health and their underlying mechanisms in this context.

Changes in Biochemical Components of Obesity in Wistar Rats Fed Mentha Piperita-Supplemented High-Fat Diet

The research is designed to assess changes in biochemical components of obesity in Wistar rats fed peppermint-supplemented high-fat diet. Twenty (20) female Wistar rats of about 117.88±10.82g were divided into four (4) groups of five (5) rats each and randomly assigned to the formulated diets. The groups had similar average weights. Groups A and B were fed standard diet and High-fat diet respectively, while groups C and D were respectively fed 4% peppermint-supplemented standard diet and 4% peppermint-supplemented high-fat diet. The changes in weight and blood glucose level were monitored on weekly basis. At the end of six (6) weeks of the experiment, organ to body weight ratio, serum insulin level and HOMA-IR were determined. Markers of hepatic functions (transaminases, total bilirubin, albumin, globulin, conjugated bilirubin and total protein), markers of renal functions (electrolyte concentrations, urea and creatinine), serum activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase) and serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were also determined. No significant (p≤0.05) differences were observed among the groups in weight gain, organ to body weight ratio, blood glucose levels, activities of antioxidant enzymes and serum MDA concentrations. The group fed 4% peppermint-supplemented high-fat diet had significantly (p≤0.05) higher activities of ALT, AST, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but significantly (p≤0.05) lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol when compared with the group fed standard diet or high-fat diet. Serum creatinine and bicarbonate were significantly (p≤0.05) lower in the group fed 4% peppermint-supplemented high-fat diet compared with the group fed the standard diet. It is therefore concluded that including peppermint leaf powder in the diet for a period of 6 weeks may not have a significant impact on the body weight, organ development and glucose utilisation. However, it is important to note that consumption of high-fat diet supplemented with peppermint might lead to dyslipidemia, liver and kidney dysfunctions without altering oxidative balance in Wistar rats.

Compounds in the Stem of Etlingera elatior can reduce the levels of Free Fatty Acid and Blood Glucose in Obesity Wistar Rats

This study aimed to determine the potential of methanolic extracts of Etlingera elatior stems in reducing levels of free fatty acids, blood glucose, and triglycerides in obese Wistar rats and to identify the active compounds. The study was conducted using18 rats which were divided into 3 treatment groups with post-test only control groups design, namely the standard group (P0, control), the high-fat diet group (P1), and the high-fat diet + 100mg/kg BW of Etlingera elatior stem methanol extract group (P2). After 4 weeks or the last day of treatment, the rats were fasted for approximately 10-14 hours to collect their blood. Identification of the active compound components was carried out usingthe Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) instrument. The results showed that the methanolic extract of Etlingera elatior stems was able to reduce levels of free fatty acids, blood glucose, and triglycerides in obese Wistar rats. Glucose levels in the Etlingera elatior stem methanol extract group decreased by 42.08% against the high-fat diet group. The free fatty acid content of the Etlingera elatior stem methanol extract group decreased by 13.64% compared to the high-fat diet group. The triglyceride levels in the Etlingera elatior stem methanol extract group decreased by 56.84% compared to the high-fat diet group. The results of the LC-MS/MS analysis of the Etlingera elatior stem methanol extract identified five compounds with compounds thought to have the potential to reduce free fatty acids and blood glucose, namely umbelliferone and sophoricoside.

The Effects of Dietary Chromium Supplementation along with Discontinuing a High-Fat Diet on the Microbial Enzymatic Activity and the Production of SCFAs in the Faeces of Rats.

The present study assessed the changes in faecal microbial activity in obese Wistar rats fed high-fat or low-fat diets supplemented with various forms of chromium (picolinate or nanoparticles). The 18-week study was divided into two phases: an introductory period (9 weeks; obesity status induction via a high-fat diet) and an experimental period (9 weeks; maintained on a high-fat diet or switched to a low-fat diet and Cr supplementation). During the experimental period (10-18 weeks of feeding), samples of fresh faeces were collected on chosen days. The bacterial enzymatic activity and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration were assessed to characterise the dynamism of the changes in faecal microbial metabolic activity under the applied dietary treatments. The results indicated that faecal microbial metabolic activity displayed several adaptation mechanisms in response to modifications in dietary conditions, and a beneficial outcome resulted from a pro-healthy dietary habit change, that is, switching from a high-fat to a low-fat diet. Dietary supplementation with chromium nanoparticles further modulated the aforementioned microbial activity, i.e., diminished the extracellular and total enzymatic activities, while the effect of chromium picolinate addition was negligible. Both the high-fat diet and the addition of chromium nanoparticles reduced SCFA concentrations and increased the faecal pH values.

Effects of Cilostazol on the Myocardium in an Obese Wistar Rat Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

This study aims to determine the protective effect of cilostazol on myocardium in obese Wistar rats with induced ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Four groups with 10 Wistar rats were included: 1] Sham Group: IRI was not established in normal weight-Wistar rats. 2] Control Group: IRI but no cilostazol in normal weight-Wistar rats. 3] Cilostazol in normal weight-Wistar rats: IRI and cilostazol was administered. 4] Cilostazol in obese- Wistar rats: IRI and cilostazol was administered. Tissue adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were significantly higher and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels significantly lower in the control group than in the sham group and normal weight cilostazol group (p=0.024 and p=0.003). Fibrinogen levels were 198 mg/dL in the sham group, 204 mg/dL in the control group, and 187 mg/dL in the normal-weight cilostazol group (p=0.046). Additionally, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were significantly higher in the control group (p=0.047). The level of ATP was significantly lower in the normal-weight cilostazol group than in the obese group (104 vs 131.2 nmol/g protein, p=0.043). PAI-1 level was 2.4 ng/mL in the normal weight cilostazol group and 3.7 ng/mL in the obese cilostazol group (p=0.029). Normal-weight Wistar rats with cilostazol had significantly better histologic outcomes than the control group and obese Wistar rats (p=0.001 and p=0.001). Cilostazol has a protective effect on myocardial cells in IRI models by decreasing inflammation. The protective role of cilostazol was reduced in obese Wistar rats compared with normal-weight Wistar rats.

P07-067-23 The Effect of Source of Protein Fed During Pregnancy on Development of Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome in Offspring of Obese Wistar Rats

P07-067-23 The Effect of Source of Protein Fed During Pregnancy on Development of Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome in Offspring of Obese Wistar Rats

Functional properties of β-glucan extracted from Algerian barley, and its effect on different parameters of overfed rats

This paper aims to propose a preventive strategy for obesity using barley β-glucan, which is a soluble dietary fiber contnent in cereals. In this study, the effect of barley β-glucan in the prevention of induced obesity in Wistar rats is highlighted. For that, 24 male rats were divided into 4 groups, the 1st group presented control and received a standard diet (CT), the 2nd received a standard diet supplemented with 5% of barley β-glucan (CT + BG), the 3rd received a high-fat diet (HFD), and the 4th received the same high-fat diet supplemented with 5% of barley β-glucan (HFD + BG). After 12 weeks of diet, the rats were sacrificed and the biochemical and microbiological assays were carried out. The obtained results show that a highly significant increase (p < 0.001) is observed in body weight, epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue in the HFD group compared to the CT group. Further, a highly significant decrease is observed (p < 0.001) in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the HFD + BG group compared to the HFD group. Barley β-glucan balanced the ecophysiology of the intestinal microbiota reducing significantly (p < 0.001) the level of pathogenic bacteria in the colon and jejunum and increasing the beneficial bacteria. The supplementation with 5% of barley β-glucan for 12 weeks also decreased fasting blood glucose and the Hemoglobin A1C (HBA1C). Therefore this miraculous molecule could be used as a therapeutic element to treat dyslipidemia as well as the imbalance of the microbiota linked to obesity.

Oral Administration of Perilla (Perilla frutescens) Leaves Extract Inhibited the Increase of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, Interleukin-6 and Did Not Inhibit the Increase of Foam Cell Amount in Obese Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Oral Administration of Perilla (Perilla frutescens) Leaves Extract Inhibited the Increase of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, Interleukin-6 and Did Not Inhibit the Increase of Foam Cell Amount in Obese Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Elemental composition of tissues in normal and obese Wistar rats

The article presents a study of the elemental composition of tissues in normal and obese Wistar rats under the influence of premixes from algae Spirulina plat. and Chlorella. Analysis of the mineral composition of the tissues of animals that consumed algae premix with feed did not reveal significant changes in the content of trace elements, with the exception of a signifcant increase in Fe and Cr in the liver (p=0,03). A similar trend of changes in the concentrations of trace elements was observed in animals with modeling obesity by consuming HFD: Cr in the liver, p=0,03.The content of ions in them was distributed according to the degree of decrease: K&gt;Na&gt;Mg&gt; Ca&gt;Fe&gt;Zn&gt;Cu&gt;Mn&gt;Cr. An analysis of the concentration of the element, in comparison with all the studied organs, confirmed this distribution and probably reflects the pool (reserve) of minerals in the body. However, the range of change in the content of each element in tissues is not the same. Thus, the highest content of Fe, Mn and Zn was found in the liver, Na in the kidney, Ca in the pancreas, while Ca and Na were accumulated least of all in the liver, Mn and Mg in the kidneys, and K in the pancreas. Changes and imbalances in the state of the identified bioelements may be a sign of obesity.

Investigating the effect of Pinus brutia bark on Pancreatic lipase and adiposity index in high-fat diet induced obese rats

Obesity has become a global health problem. Orlistat is currently approved as an anti-obesity drug. However, its gastrointestinal side effects may limit its use, and with an alarming increase in obesity percentage there is a need to find new anti-obesity drugs. One of the most common approaches in treating obesity is inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity. In this study, the in vitro inhibitory activity of different polar solvent extracts of Pinus brutia bark against pancreatic lipase was measured using Para-nitrophenyl palmitate as a substrate. The ethanol extract showed the best anti-lipase activity with IC50 value of 0.07 mg/ml and was better than Orlistat. The anti-obesity activity of this extract was evaluated in vivo using high-fat diet induced obesity in wistar rats. Oral treatments with ethanol extract for 6 weeks precluded the increase in rats body weight and serum triglyceridesin in Pinus group similar to Orlistat group (positive control). Moreover, the adiposity index in Pinus group was similar to Orlistat group (p&gt;0.05). However, the reduction in total cholesterol levels in Orlistat group was better than that in Pinus group (p=0.02). This study showed that ethanol extract of Pinus brutia bark may be useful as a natural anti-obesity agent. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action of bark extract on triglycerides and obesity.