Obesity In Preschool Children Research Articles

Prediction model study of overweight and obesity in preschool children with allergic diseases from an ecological perspective

BackgroundAllergic diseases have a high incidence in childhood and a high chance to be carried over into adulthood unless appropriately treated during childhood, it is important that healthcare providers actively manage these diseases. This study was to identify multidimensional factors that affect weight gain in preschool children with allergic diseases.MethodsThe overweight and obesity prediction model for children with allergic diseases was analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis and a decision tree model and the present study was a secondary data analysis study that used data from the Panel Study on Korean Children conducted by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education.ResultsThe significance of this study is identify multidimensional factors that affect weight gain in preschool children with allergic diseases, which found that children (gender, sitting time during weekdays, sleeping hours during weekends,), parent (education level, mother’s job, quality of the home environment), local community (convenience of local community facilities, satisfaction level with local community facilities, quality of childcare in the local community) characteristics affected overweight and obesity at multidimensional levels as risk factors.ConclusionsThe significance of this study is identify multidimensional factors that affect weight gain in preschool children with allergic diseases using the data of the Panel Study on Korean Children, which found that children, parent, local community characteristics affected overweight and obesity at multidimensional levels as risk factors.

Sleep disorder breathing in obese preschool children: case series and review of literatures

Sleep disorder breathing in obese preschool children: case series and review of literatures

Impact of medical and social factors on obesity in preschool children in northern Vietnam: a case-control study

Impact of medical and social factors on obesity in preschool children in northern Vietnam: a case-control study

Overweight and obesity among preschool children attending a rural family health unit in Menoufia governorate

Abstract Background: Obesity in preschool children is a growing problem as it is a predictor of adulthood obesity, morbidity and mortality. Objectives: assess prevalence of overweight and obesity and identify risk factors associated with them among preschool children. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 248 preschool children of both sexes, aged between 2-5 years in rural area in Menoufia Governorate. Sociodemographic data of the studied children and their eating practices were collected. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Egyptian practice guidelines were used for cut-off values of BMI-for-age, and percentiles were used to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Results: The overall prevalence of combined overweight and obesity was 21% )15% for overweight and 6% for obesity). Higher prevalence was found among those aged from 3-4 years old (46.7%) and among males (80%). Mothers’ education, frequency of junk food and fried food were significantly associated with overweight and obesity (p < 0.05). Also, BMI was significantly affected by mothers’ feeding behavior such as allowing the child to eat alone, offering him sweets regularly, using sweets as a reward, mothers’ concern about overweight and keeping food out of reach. Conclusion: Prevalence of preschool obesity increases with multiple risk factors, such as mother’s education, frequency of eating junk food and fried food. BMI was affected by mothers’ feeding behavior. So, the first five years of life are the best period for primary prevention of obesity.

Potential interaction effect on obesity between sleep duration and dietary patterns in preschool children in Bengbu City in 2018-2019

To examine the interaction effect between sleep duration and dietary patterns on obesity, in order to explore the possible risk factors for preschool children&apos;s obesity. During September of 2018 to March of 2019(1148 boys and 981 girls, 1199 living in urban and 930 living in rural, 756 only child and 1373 not only child), a total of 2129 preschool children used two-stage cluster sampling method from 22 kindergartens aged 3-6 years old were investigated. Social-demographic information(included sex, age, only child or not, left-behind children or not, economic status of family, parents 'cultural level and caregivers&apos; information), sleep duration and dietary intake were collected through "Sleep Duration and Physical Development Questionnaire(SDPDQ) of children aged 3-6 years old in Bengbu city". Factor analysis was applied to determine major dietary patterns, unconditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the multiplication interaction effect between sleep duration and dietary patterns on obesity. Four dietary patterns-"traditional", "animal", "calcium" and "snack" were identified in our study by principal component analysis. The factor contribution rate of the four dietary patterns was 16. 568%, 11. 462%, 7. 317% and 4. 562%, respectively, the total variance was 39. 909%. Among the preschool children, the prevalence of overweight and obesity were 18. 0%(n=383) and 10. 5%(n=223), respectively. After controlling the confounding factors, the shorter sleep duration(OR=1. 25, 95%CI 1. 07-1. 72), scores in the top quintile of "animal" pattern(OR=1. 32, 95%CI 1. 15-1. 54) and "snack" pattern(OR=1. 46, 95%CI 1. 16-1. 78) showed greater odds with the prevalence of overweight/obesity among preschool children. Both multiplication and additive interactions were observed between levels of low sleep duration and animal dietary pattern with overweight/obesity(OR=1. 23, 95%CI 1. 16-1. 32). Multiplication interaction was observed between lower sleep time and the snack dietary pattern(OR=1. 16, 95%CI 1. 09-1. 24), with RERI, AP and SI was 0. 38, 0. 20 and 1. 24, respectively. However, neither multiplication interaction or additive interaction was noticed between sleep duration and the traditional dietary pattern, the calcium dietary pattern with OR=0. 76(95%CI 0. 51-1. 11) vs. OR=1. 04(95%CI 0. 65-1. 73), respectively. Levels of low sleep duration presented a risk factor for overweight/obesity in preschool children. Both multiplication and additive interactions were observed between low sleep time and the animal dietary pattern. Multiplication interaction was noticed between children&apos;s sleep duration and the snack dietary pattern.

Is there an association between body weight and early childhood caries experience?

Data sources PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Study selection Papers reporting a primary study in non-syndromatic preschool children aged 0-6 years, reporting body weight and dental caries experience as outcomes.Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts of the identified citations for relevance. The full text articles were subsequently assessed for eligibility for both qualitative and quantitative review. Body weight outcomes were standardised into four groups; 'underweight' (BMI-for-age percentile less than five), 'normal weight' (BMI-for-age percentile between five and 85), 'overweight' (BMI-for-age percentile between 85 and 95), and 'obese' (BMI-for-age percentile greater than 95). Dental caries outcomes were based on decayed, missing, and filled teeth/surfaces (dmft/dmfs) index. The risk of bias in individual studies were assessed based on the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. The GRADE system was used to perform quality assessment for each outcome reported.Results Following screening of 293 articles, a total of 32 studies qualified for qualitative review and 12 of them reported data that was used to conduct a meta-analysis. All included studies were cross-sectional in nature and presented a high risk of bias. Findings from meta-analysis showed that children who are overweight have a significantly higher dmft index (95% CI -0.64 to -0.14, P = 0.002, I2 equals 62 percent). The quality of evidence was found to be moderate.Conclusions Overweight and obese preschool children are at a greater risk of developing caries. Public health prevention programmes must target both conditions together to reduce their burden and effectiveness of prevention strategies.

Breastfeeding History, Preschool Children’s Sleep, and Obesity

ABSTRACT Breastfeeding and sleep are both considered medically and physiologically protective factors for child health. Most existing research studied their impact on child health outcomes, respectively. Few studies examined the two factors collectively to explore any potential associations among a history of breastfeeding and quantity of sleep in children and child health. This study sought to uncover the association among breastfeeding history, the amount of sleep, and obesity in preschool-aged children to provide additional insights into their protective physical and psychological effects on health outcomes. As part of a larger study examining obesity in preschool children, the current investigation explored the association among obesity, a history of breastfeeding, and the total number of hours of preschool children’s sleep, as reported by parents. Actual heights and weights were collected on a total of 1,693 children 3–5 years of age enrolled in licensed child care facilities in Mississippi. Descriptive analyses of the demographic and parent survey variables were conducted to explore the status related to breastfeeding in Mississippi. To understand the relationships between breastfeeding and covariates, bivariate analyses such as chi-square independent tests, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square tests, and Fisher’s exact tests were performed. Obesity was negatively correlated to breastfeeding, and Caucasian mothers were significantly more likely to breastfeed than African American mothers. Obesity was also negatively correlated to the amount of sleep, and African American children reportedly slept significantly less than Caucasian children. The average amount of time of sleep reported for children with a history of being breastfed was significantly higher than for those who were not breastfed, suggesting that breastfeeding could have a significant positive association with preschool children’s sleep, serving as an additional protective factor obesity. The interaction between breastfeeding and subsequent sleep as children mature is an important area for future research to fully explore their foundational impact in family health practices that combat obesity in children and promote other subsequent health outcomes.

Systematic review and meta-analyses of the relationship between short sleep and incidence of obesity and effectiveness of sleep interventions on weight gain in preschool children.

The aim of this study is to determine (a) whether short sleep is associated with the incidence of obesity and (b) whether interventions beneficial for sleep reduce weight gain in preschool children. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane up to 12/09/2019. (a) Studies that were included were prospective, had follow-up ≥1 year, with sleep duration at baseline and required outcome measures. (b) Intervention trials with sleep intervention and measures of overweight or obesity were included. Data were extracted according to PRISMA guidelines. (a) The risk of developing overweight/obesity was greater in short sleeping children (13 studies, 42 878 participants, RR: 1.54; 95% CI, 1.33 to 1.77; p < 0.001). Sleep duration was associated with a significant change in BMI z-score (10 studies, 11 cohorts and 29 553 participants) (mean difference: -0.02 unit per hour sleep; -0.03 to -0.01; p < 0.001). (b) Four of the five intervention studies reported improved outcomes: for BMI (-0.27 kg/m2 ; -0.50 to -0.03; p = 0.03); for BMI z-score (-0.07 unit; -0.12 to -0.02; p = 0.006). Short sleep duration is a risk factor or marker of the development of obesity in preschool children. Intervention studies suggest that improved sleep may be beneficially associated with a reduced weight gain in these children.

Factors associated with overweight and obesity in preschool children

Aim To determine factors associated with overweight/obesity in preschool children. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out in paediatric outpatient departments of the Public Institution Primary Health Care Centre of Canton Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study included 300 preschool children who were divided into two groups: normal weight (n=150) and overweight/obese (n=150). Children were weighed and measured and body mass index was calculated. Data concerning potential childhood overweight/obesity risk factors (sociodemographic characteristics of child and mother, physical activity and sedentary behaviour of the child) were collected using a designed questionnaire filled in by the mothers. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between potential risk factors and overweight/obesity in preschool children. Results Male gender of the children (p=0.043) and maternal overweight (p=0.000) were positively associated with child overweight/obesity. Male children were 1.6 times more likely to be overweight/obese than female (95% CI: 1.01-2.53). Children of overweight mothers were 3.34 times more likely to be overweight/ obese than children with mothers of normal weight (95% CI: 1.77- 6.28). Physical activity <60 minutes/day ) (p=0.014), screen time >180 minutes/day (p=0.020), regular snacking while watching television, using computer/tablet/ mobile phones (p=0.000) were associated with overweight/obesity status of the preschool children. Conclusion Public health programs that aim to reduce overweight/ obesity in preschool children should mainly help mothers understand the serious risk of childhood obesity and the importance of them creating a healthy lifestyle in childhood.

Determinants and prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in pre-school children of Duwakot, Bhaktapur

Introduction: Adverse dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyle predispose to overweight-related non-communicable diseases both in children and in adults. In Nepal, childhood overweight is one rapidly growing public health concern in the urban areas. Many studies have focused on the relationship between overweight and its associated risk factors. We aimed to find the prevalence of overweight including obesity and its determinants in pre-school children aged 2 to 4 years in Duwakot community, Bhaktapur..&#x0D; Materials and methods: In a community-based cross-sectional survey, total 122 pre-school children both males and females of age between 2-4 years were studied. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socioeconomic characteristics and life style factors of children. WHO Anthro Software Version 3.2.2 was used for analyzing anthropometric parameters of the children.&#x0D; Results: The prevalence of overweight in pre-school children was 13.9%. The prevalence of overweight including obesity was significantly higher among male children (17.7%) than female children (10%). The study revealed that overweight was significantly associated with sedentary lifestyles of children and higher socio-economic status of the family.&#x0D; Conclusions: The magnitude of overweight is big and increasing rapidly in Nepal due to sedentary lifestyles and improper dietary habits among pre-school children, especially in the cities. Proper interventions should be implemented to minimize the overweight among pre-school children in order to avoid further health ailments in future.

For overweight or obese preschool children (≤ 6 years of age), what are the long-term effects (≥ 6 months post intervention) of multicomponent interventions that include diet, physical activity, and behavioral components?

For overweight or obese preschool children (≤ 6 years of age), what are the long-term effects (≥ 6 months post intervention) of multicomponent interventions that include diet, physical activity, and behavioral components?

Maternal antibiotic use and vaginal infections in the third trimester of pregnancy and the risk of obesity in preschool children.

SummaryBackground/objectivesSeveral exposures during pregnancy are associated with offspring body mass index (BMI). The objective of this study was to evaluate whether third trimester antibiotic use and vaginal infections are associated with BMI in preschool children.Subjects/methodsThe study population included singletons from the NINFEA birth cohort with available anthropometric measurements at the age of 4 (3151 born with vaginal and 1111 born with caesarean delivery). Self‐reported use of antibiotics and the presence of vaginal infection in the third trimester were analysed in association with the child's BMI, classified into three categories: thinness, normal and overweight/obesity, using both the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended cut‐offs.ResultsMaternal vaginal infections in the third trimester of pregnancy were associated with higher relative risk ratios (RRR) for overweight/obesity at age of four in children delivered vaginally: 1.92 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37 to 2.70). This association appeared stronger for children born to women with pre‐pregnancy BMI >25 kg/m2 (RRR: 4.78; 95% CI 2.45 to 9.35), and was robust when different obesity cut‐offs were used. The results regarding third trimester antibiotic use in vaginal deliveries were less conclusive (RRRs for overweight/obesity: 1.43 (0.92 to 2.21) and 1.11 (0.57 to 2.20), for the IOTF and WHO cut‐offs, respectively). Third trimester vaginal infections were not associated with BMI in children delivered by caesarean section.ConclusionsMaternal third trimester vaginal infections are associated with an increased overweight/obesity risk in children born by vaginal delivery, and especially in children of mothers with pre‐pregnancy overweight/obesity.

Demand for health services and drug prescriptions among overweight or obese preschool children

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between excess weight and the demand of health services in preschool children compared with healthy weight.MethodsThe data come from the Longitudinal Study of Childhood Obesity cohort...

Obesity in Toddlers and Young Children: Causes and Consequences.

The rapid rise in obesity in toddlers and young children (aged 0-5 years) is a major concern for public health globally. Understanding risk factors for obesity in the early years is therefore fundamental to help guide parents, educators, and health care professionals caring for young children and to develop preventative strategies. Most research has focused on biological risk factors, which can be broadly categorized as genetic predisposition, poor diet (and the behaviors that influence excessive food intake), insufficient physical activity, and the role of developmental factors in early life that influence long-term health. The latter includes establishment of dietary habits and dietary patterns in young (preschool) children and the effect of a high protein intake on the increasing risk of later obesity. Other risk factors particularly relevant to young children include inadequate sleep, high consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks, and large food portions. Understanding the causes of obesity in preschool children is particularly important in view of long-term detrimental consequences of obesity in this age group on the risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disease in adults. The present chapter reviews causes of obesity in preschool children and its consequences for long-term health, focusing particularly on modifiable nutritional risk factors.

Association Between Breastfeeding and Obesity in Preschool Children.

Introduction:Childhood obesity is a significant problem nowadays, with breastfeeding being one of many factors responsible for this issue. Breastfeeding as a natural way of feeding infants has many benefits for the child, the mother, and society.Aim:The present study aimed to investigate the association between overweight children in preschool age and breastfeeding duration.Methods:The current study included 674 preschool children aged 2-5 who attended various municipal kindergartens in South Athens. Questionnaires were given to parents where they recorded the child’s personal and body data, parenting, and questions about pregnancy and lactation. The effect of BMI on the duration of breastfeeding in children was examined by the chi-square independence test. Fisher’s and Monte Carlo simulations were also used. For data processing, Z scores and percentiles BMI for the first, second until fifth year of the child were found and based on these values the following categorization was performed; for values below -2 as low weight, values from -2 to 1 as normal weight, from 2 to 3 as overweight and over 3 as obese children. The Corresponding categorization was based on the 3rd, 85th, 97th, and 99.9th percentage position.Results:The percentage of children at preschool age who have been breastfed for over six months and had normal weight was higher than those who breastfed below six months. Moreover, the proportion of children who were low weight, overweight and obese was lower in children who had been breastfed more than six months compared to those who breastfed for a shorter period. Additionally, a statistically significant difference was found for the effect of breastfeeding on childhood obesity in children aged 2 to 5 years.Conclusion:There is a statistical association between breastfeeding duration and body weight in preschool age. Breastfeeding for more than six months has a positive impact on the child’s weight.

Perception that Mothers and / or Guardians of Overweight or Obese Preschool Children Have of a Text Messaging Program to Support Behaviour Change in their Children.

In most childhood obesity preventive programs, parents are targeted as they are key in achieving lifestyle behavior change in their children. Because their participation is generally low, new technologies, such as text messaging, are being tested to assess if their participation increases. The objective of this study was to determine the perception that mothers of overweight/ obese preschool children have of a textmessaging program developed to support their children’s lifestyle behavior change. Text messages were sent to 60 mothers twice a week for 12 weeks; 58 of them said they received all of them. During the process mothers were contacted twice regarding their opinion on all aspects related to the messages. At follow-up, we determined perception by in depth interviews administered to participants. Results show that text messaging implemented in a personalized manner was considered successful in regards to providing useful information to support their children’s behavior change.

Associations between dietary patterns, eating behaviours, and body composition and adiposity in 3‐year‐old children of mothers with obesity

The relationships between eating habits, behaviours, and the development of obesity in preschool children is not well established. As children of mothers with obesity are themselves at risk of obesity, we examined these relationships in a cohort of 482 three-year-old children of mothers with obesity from the UK Pregnancy Better Eating and Activity Trial (UPBEAT). Dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis of an 85-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Eating behaviours were assessed using the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). Measures of body composition included age-specific BMI cut-offs, WHO z scores, sum of skinfolds, waist and arm circumferences, and body fat percentage. Using adjusted regression analysis, we examined associations between dietary patterns, eating behaviours, and measures of body composition. Three distinct dietary patterns were defined: "healthy/prudent," "African/Caribbean," and "processed/snacking." The "processed/snacking" pattern was associated with greater odds of obesity; OR 1.53 (95% CI, 1.07-2.19). The "African/Caribbean" and the "healthy/prudent" patterns were associated with a lower arm circumference (β = -0.23 cm [-0.45 to -0.01]) and sum of skinfolds (β = -1.36 cm [-2.88 to -0.37]), respectively. Lower enjoyment of food and food responsiveness, and greater slowness in eating and satiety, were associated with lower arm and waist circumferences, WHO z scores, and obesity (all P < .05). In children of mothers with obesity, those who had higher scores on a "processed/snacking" dietary pattern had greater odds of obesity. In contrast, slowness in eating was associated with lower measures of body composition. These novel findings highlight modifiable behaviours in high-risk preschool children which could contribute to public health strategies for prevention of childhood obesity.

STUDY OF STATIC STRENGTH STABILITY OF THE ABDOMINAL, TRUNK AND GLUTEAL MUSCLES OF CHILDREN IN PRE-SCHOOL AGE WITH OVERWEIGHT

The increasing incidence of overweight and obese pre-school children is a serious medical and social problem for almost all countries [10]. There is also a need for starting prevention from the earliest possible age. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of infant weight on the static-strength stability of the abdominal, trunk, and gluteal muscles in normal and overweight children. Study cohort:104 children at 5 to 6 years of age for the period 2017-2018 at the territory of the Stara Zagora municipality. A modified Kraus-Weber test according to V. Zhelev, L. Venova was applied to determine the static-strength stability of the trunk, abdominal and gluteal muscles. The study found an increase in the strength of the abdominal, trunk and gluteal muscles with age in the study group. Girls exhibited better static strength of abdominal flexors, gluteal muscles and trunk extensors than boys. The presence of an indirect, weak statistical relationship between the infant's weight and the strength of the flexors of the abdomen and hip joint, the trunk extensors and the lower limb extensors is demonstrated.

Association between both maternal and fetal angiotensinogen gene single nucleotide polymorphism and preeclampsia/eclampsia

Objective: To explore the association between preeclampsia/eclampsia and maternal and fetal angiotensinogen SNPs. Methods: From January 2008 to October 2015, a case-parents/mother-control designed study was conducted among 347 preeclampsia/eclampsia cases and 700 controls to collect related information on their demographic characteristics and to detect the related angiotensinogen SNPs' genotypes. Both log-linear and unconditional logistic regression methods were employed to investigate the genetic effects of maternal/fetal angiotensinogen SNPs on preeclampsia/eclampsia. Multivariate binary unconditional logistic regression model and covariance were used to analyze the relationship between BMI before pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy and overweight and obesity in preschool children. Results: Both fetal angiotensinogen rs3789679 GA and AA genotype were associated with the reduced risks of preeclampsia/eclampsia, with ORs as 0.73 (95%CI: 0.55-0.96) and 0.62 (95%CI: 0.39-0.98), respectively. For fetal angiotensinogen rs2493132, individuals that carrying the TT genotype, presented a positive association with the risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia, with OR as 1.60 (95%CI: 1.08-2.37). However, these associations were not statistically significant after the correction of the false discovery rate. It was observed that fetal rs3789679 could reduce the risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.55-0.96) under the dominant model (GA+AA/GG) while fetal rs2493132 increased the risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.13-2.44) under the recessive model (TT/CC+CT). Maternal rs5051 presented an association with preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.01-1.76) under the dominant model (TC+CC/TT). Conclusions: Results from the dominant model showed that both fetal rs3789679 GA and AA genotype reduced the risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia and maternal rs5051 TC while CC genotype increased the risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia. Fetal rs2493132 TT genotype seemed to be associated with the risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia under the recessive model.

Sugar-Containing Beverages Consumption and Obesity in Children Aged 4-5 Years in Spain: the INMA Study.

The consumption of sugar-containing beverages (SCB) has been associated with obesity although the evidence in preschool children is scarce. Cross-sectional analyses were performed to assess the association between obesity and SCB consumption (packaged juices and sugar-sweetened soft drinks) in 1823 children at the age of 4–5 years from the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Project. One drink was defined as a glass of 175 mL, and the consumption of SCB was categorized in <1, 1–7 drinks/week and > 1 drink/day. We used multiple logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR). The average SCB consumption was 79.1 mL/day, mainly from packaged juices (80.9%). The SCB consumption was lower in non-obese children than in children with obesity, 76.6 vs 118.4 mL/day (p = 0.02). After adjusting for covariates, children who consumed >1 drink/day showed elevated odds of obesity, OR = 3.23 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48–6.98) compared to children who consumed <1 SCB drink a week. Each additional SCB drink per day was associated with higher odds of obesity, OR = 1.55 (1.14–2.09). Higher consumption of packaged juices, but not sugar-sweetened soft drinks, was significantly associated with higher odds of obesity, OR = 1.55 (1.09–2.15) and OR = 1.59 (0.76–3.39), respectively. A higher SCB consumption is associated with obesity in preschool children, mainly due to the consumption of packaged juices.