Obesity Class Research Articles

The Relationship of Sedentary Behavior and Sleep Duration to The Incidence of Obesity in Children under Five in Central Jakarta and The Review of Islamic Perspective

Introduction: Children under five should have their nutritional status checked regularly due to their susceptibility to diseases and nutritional problems. Inappropriate or excessive accumulation of fat, called obesity, can jeopardize their health. Assessment of nutritional status in obese toddlers can use anthropometric standards that are converted into Z-score values based on IMT/U with the category of obesity if the Z-score value is > +3 SD. Sedentary behaviour is when a person spends sitting or lying down with low energy expenditure outside sleep. Children and adolescents with high sedentary behaviour are prone to an increase in adipocytes that cause obesity. Children aged 3-5 years with poor sleep duration (<10 hours/day) are at greater risk of obesity. Methods: This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The sample of this study was 70 children aged 2-5 years in Sawah Besar District, who were included in the inclusion criteria. Results: Out of 70 toddlers in Central Jakarta, 37 people (52.9%) were obese, and 33 (47.1%) were ordinary. Based on the results of statistical tests using the Chi-Square test, the p-value is <0.05, which can be concluded that there is a relationship between sedentary behaviour and obesity and a relationship between sleep duration and obesity. Conclusion: The research results show a significant relationship (p 0.03) between sedentary behaviour and obesity, with an Odd Ratio value of 3.137. There is also a meaningful relationship (p 0.016) between sleep duration and obesity, with an Odd Ratio value of 3.646 in Sawah Besar District, Central Jakarta toddlers.

Hubungan Tingkat Konsumsi Energi Dan Status Gizi Dengan Daya Tahan Otot Atlet Judo Di Satria Jaya Judo Club Kota Denpasar

Muscle endurance is the ability of muscles to make repetitive movements over a period of time. The purpose of research is to find out about relathionship of energy consumption level and nutritional status with the muscular endurance of judo athlete in Satria Jaya Judo Club Denpasar City. Type of observational research by cross sectional design. The study sample was 58 people by the simple random sampling method. Data collected in the form of sample characteristics, muscular endurance, obtained from the results of muscle endurance 24 people (41,4%) in the excellent category and 2 people (3,4%) in the less category. From the results of energy consumption level of 27 people (46,6%) in the normal category and 5 people (8,6%) in the very poor category. From the results of nutritional status of 40 people (69,0%) in the normal category and 6 people (10,3%) in the obesity category. Pearson correlation test results showed a significant value of 0,00 0,01 that there is a significant relationship, the level of strength and direction of muscle strength with consumption. Kendall’s correlation test results showed a significant value of 0,003 0,01 that there is a significant relationship, the level of strength is quite strong and reversed between muscular endurance and nutritional status. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship of energy consumption level and nutritional status with the muscular endurance of judo athlete.Keywords: Muscular Endurance, Energy Consumption Level, Nutritional Status

Is anyone truly healthy? Trends in health risk factors prevalence and changes in their associations with all-cause mortality.

The purpose of the study was to determine trends in the prevalence of individual health risk factors across time and to examine if their associations with mortality have changed over time. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES III- 1988-1994 and NHANES 1999-2014; age ≥20 years) was used to examine differences in the odds ratio (OR) of 5-year mortality risk associated with various common health risk factors over the two survey periods using weighted logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, obesity category and white ethnicity (n = 28,279). Over 97% of individuals had at least one of the 19 risk factors examined with no difference in the prevalence over time (P>0.34). The prevalence of lifestyle, social/mental and physical risk factors (2.2 to 19.1%) increased over time (P<0.0002), while the prevalence of having physiological risk factors decreased by ~6.5% (P<0.0001). Having any lifestyle or social/mental risk factor was significantly associated with a higher 5-year OR for mortality risk in 1999-2014, than 1988-94. In particular, having low education or use of mental health medication were not associated with mortality risk in 1988-94 (P>0.1), but were significantly associated with a higher 5-year OR for mortality in 1999-2014 (P<0.0001). Conversely, physiological risk factors were more weakly related with mortality risk in 1988-1994, than 1999-2014. Having any physical risk factor, and poor self-rated health were similarly related with 5-year mortality risk at both timepoints. Health risk factors have both increased and decreased in prevalence over time, along with changes in the association between many of the risk factors and mortality risk. Taken together, these changes complicate interpretation of temporal trends and warrant cautious interpretation of population health patterns based on surveillance data.

KONTRIBUSI ENERGI SOFT DRINK TERHADAP KONSUMSI ENERGI DAN STATUS GIZI SISWA SMP NEGERI 3 SUKAWATI

In a community a soft drink has become a daily drink, especially among adolescents and children are now consuming carbonated drinks. These lifestyle changes result in changes in diet that refer to high-calorie diets, especially soft drinks which have an impact on increasing obesity. The general objective of this study was to determine the Soft Drink Energy Contribution to Energy Consumption and Nutritional Status of Students in SMP Negeri 3 Sukawati. This type of research is observational type research with cross sectional approach. The population in this study was 83 students. While the sample of part of the population with criteria, class VII and VIII at SMP Negeri 3 Sukawati who are registered as students and class VII and VIII students in the 2019/2020 academic year who are active in attending lessons at SMP Negeri 3 Sukawati, were present at the time of research and were willing to be a sample by filling out informed consent (a statement is willing to be a sample). Based on the calculation of the sample formula in this study there were 35 people. The results in this study are the contribution to energy consumption by 11.50% while soft drink energy consumption based on nutritional status in the high categories of obesity (42.9%) and over nutrition (22.2%) compared to good nutritional status (0%).Keywords: Soft Drinks, Teenagers, Obesity

Evaluating potential predictors of weight loss response to liraglutide in adolescents with obesity: A post hoc analysis of the randomized, placebo-controlled SCALE Teens trial.

As childhood obesity prevalence increases, determining which patients respond to anti-obesity medications would strengthen personalized approaches to obesity treatment. In the SCALE Teens trial among pubertal adolescents with obesity (NCT02918279), liraglutide 3.0 mg (or maximum tolerated dose) significantly reduced body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score on average versus placebo. That said, liraglutide effects on BMI reduction varied greatly among adolescents, similar to adults. To identify post hoc characteristics predictive of achieving ≥5% and ≥10% BMI reductions at 56 weeks with liraglutide versus placebo in adolescents from the SCALE Teens trial. Logistic regression analysis was performed in 251 adolescents treated with liraglutide (n = 125) or placebo (n = 126) for 56 weeks. Baseline characteristics (selected a priori) included sex, race, ethnicity, age, Tanner (pubertal) stage, glycemic status (hyperglycemia [type 2 diabetes/prediabetes] vs. normoglycemia), obesity category (Class II/III vs. I), severity of depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and weight variability (weight fluctuations over time). The effects of early responder status (≥4% BMI reduction at week 16) on week 56 response were assessed using descriptive statistics. Baseline characteristics did not affect achievement of ≥5% and ≥10% BMI reductions at week 56 in adolescents treated with liraglutide. Further, there was no association between weight variability and BMI reduction. Early liraglutide responders appeared to have greater BMI and body weight reductions at week 56 compared with early non-responders. This secondary analysis suggests that adolescents with obesity may experience significant BMI reductions after 56 weeks of liraglutide treatment, regardless of their sex, race, ethnicity, age, pubertal stage, glycemic status, obesity category, severity of depression symptoms, or weight variability. Early response may predict greater week 56 response.

Algoritmos de clasificación para la detección de obesidad en adolescentes: Un estudio comparativo entre KNN y árboles de decisión

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that focuses on developing statistical algorithms and models for computer systems to learn and improve their performance from data. Classification algorithms are a type of machine learning model used to predict the class or category of an object based on observed features or attributes. In obesity classification, these algorithms have been used to develop models that predict whether an individual has obesity based on data such as body mass index, age, gender, and other risk factors. This can help identify obesity early and implement more effective preventive and treatment interventions. This article compares the effectiveness of two algorithms in predicting obesity in adolescents using a dataset of 200 participants aged 15 to 19 and four variables (weight, age, height, and gender). The decision tree and k-nearest neighbor algorithms are compared, and it is concluded that both are effective in the classification of obesity in adolescents, although decision trees are a more accurate option.

Central obesity, obesity, and physical activity among university staffs

Waist circumference (WC) is considered as a superior indicator to predict central obesity and its related comorbidities. Limited studies were conducted to infer central obesity using WC among university staffs. A cross-sectional study through the convenience sampling method was employed using the short form international physical activity questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and WC measurement to infer a level of physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and central obesity. Seventy staff from three private universities in Malaysia participated in this study. There is a high prevalence (78.6%) of central obesity among the participants irrespective of their age. Majority of the participants fall under the overweight (37.1%) and obese (21.4%) category of BMI 48.6% reported to be involved in low level of physical activity. No difference in prevalence of central obesity based on age, gender, and level of physical activity. There is a moderately strong correlation between BMI and WC. In this study notably a high prevalence of central obesity in participants with underweight and desirable weight category of BMI was reported, which synergizes the concept of including WC measurement in health promotion activities. Appropriate multi- component and multi-level interventions can be considered to this population to prevent/combat obesity.

Effect of bariatric surgery on atherogenicity and insulin resistance in patients with obesity class II: a prospective study

ObjectiveEnormous efforts have been made to evaluate reliable, simple and practical indicators for predicting patients at risk of progression of cardiovascular disease events, whereby bariatric surgery has remained understudied. Thus,...

Obesity-related complications, healthcare resource use and weight loss strategies in six European countries: the RESOURCE survey

BackgroundObesity-related complications (ORCs), such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease, contribute considerably to the clinical and economic impacts of obesity. To obtain a holistic overview of health and weight management attempts for people with obesity in Europe, we designed the cross-sectional RESOURCE survey to collect data on comorbidities, healthcare resource use (HCRU) and weight loss strategies from people with obesity in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK.MethodsAdults (≥18 years old) with self-reported body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 who reported interacting with primary or secondary healthcare services in the past 12 months, but had not been pregnant during this time, were recruited from an existing consumer research panel. All data were self-reported via an online survey (May–June 2021). Weight changes over the past year were calculated from participants’ estimated weights.ResultsOf the 1850 participants in the survey, 26.3% reported that they had ≥3 ORCs from a set of 15 conditions of interest. The most frequently reported ORCs were hypertension (39.3% of participants), dyslipidaemia (22.8%) and T2D (17.5%). Participants in obesity class III (BMI 40 to <70 kg/m2) were more likely to report multiple ORCs than those in lower obesity classes. The presence of multiple ORCs was linked to various types of HCRU, including a significantly increased chance of reporting hospitalization in the past year. Most participants (78.6%) had attempted to lose weight in the past year, but of those who also reported estimated weight changes, 73.4% had not experienced clinically meaningful weight loss of ≥5%.ConclusionsORCs are common in people with obesity, and are linked to increased HCRU. Together with the low reported success rate of weight loss attempts, this highlights an unmet need in Europe for enhanced weight management support for people with obesity.

Differences in Anthropometric Parameters of Children in Six European Countries.

The databases of children's anthropometric parameters are often outdated, rarely representative and are not always available at an international level. To present children's anthropometric parameters in six European countries that contributed to the Feel4Diabetes project and find country-specific differences. The Feel4Diabetes study was performed between 2016 and 2018, targeting children in Belgium, Bulgaria, Finland, Greece, Hungary and Spain. The current study presents data from the baseline and the yearly follow-up anthropometric measurements. In total, 20,832 measurements of children (48.7% boys) between 6 and 10 years of age were conducted. weight, height, BMI. Belgian boys had the lowest body weight and height, while Greek boys had the highest body weight, and Finnish had the highest body height. The highest proportion of overweight (percentile above 85%) and obese boys (percentile above 95%) was in Greece, followed by Hungarian, Spanish, Bulgarian and Finnish boys. In contrast, Belgian boys had the lowest ratio in both categories. Among girls, Greece had the highest; Belgium had the lowest body weight; Finland was the highest in all age categories. The ratio in the overweight range was the highest in Greece, followed by Spanish, Bulgarian and Hungarian girls, who were second in the obese category. Finnish girls had lower and Belgian girls had the lowest ratio in both BMI categories. All the detailed data are presented in tables, and the trends are figures. Our study presents fresh and comparable anthropometric data of children between 6 and 10 years of age in six European countries, supporting the need for appropriate obesity prevention.

The Relationship of Os. Femur with Height influenced by Gender, Race, and Nutrition for Medical Student In Faculty of Medicine University Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

Height is an important identity in forensics. Several long bones are known to be used for size estimation, one of which is the femur (Os. Femur). Personal height growth is affected by many factors, including gender, breed, and diet. This study aimed to analyze the correlation of Os length. Thigh height in UWKS medical students is influenced by gender, ethnicity and diet. This study used an observational descriptive analysis approach to conduct a cross-sectional study. Forty-four students from the UWKS School of Medicine participated in the study. Height measurement using Microcotoise, Os. Femoral New Deland with sliding calipers and weights with scales. Data were analyzed using normality test, Pearson correlation test, and simple linear regression test. The results show that there is a positive and very strong correlation between the Os lengths. Femur size, non-Javanese ethnicity, and normal, obese, and obese dietary categories in a male sample. There is now a strong positive relationship between femur length and height in the female sample. Meanwhile, the Os length has no correlation. Keywords: l ength os femur, height, gender, e thnicity, nutrition

Modifiable Risk Factors for Prevention in Dupuytren Disease: A UK Biobank Case-Control Study.

Dupuytren disease is associated with significant comorbidity and mortality, and it has no existing prevention strategies. It is unclear which modifiable risk factors are most amenable for prevention. This study aimed to determine the strength of modifiable risk factors for Dupuytren disease, and to investigate associations with other diseases. Using UK Biobank data, this case-control study analyzed the association between phenotypic variables and Dupuytren disease through multivariable logistic regression. Exposures assessed were age, sex, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, Townsend deprivation index, smoking status, alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, liver disease, respiratory disease, rheumatoid arthritis, epilepsy, psoriasis, and gout. There were 4148 cases and 397,425 controls. Male sex (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 2.90 to 3.60; P = 1.07 × 10 -100 ), increasing age (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.08; P = 6.78 × 10 -167 ), material deprivation (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.02; P = 0.0305), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.58 to 1.96; P = 3.35 × 10 -24 ), smoking exposure, and alcohol intake were all associated with increased odds of Dupuytren disease. With increasing obesity class, there was approximately 25% decreased odds (OR, 0.774; 95% CI, 0.734 to 0.816; P = 4.71 × 10 -21 ). Diabetes with microvascular or end-organ complications was associated with more than 2.5 times increased odds of Dupuytren disease (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.92 to 3.44; P = 1.92 × 10 -10 ). Within this group, increasing hemoglobin A1c values by 10 mmol/mol, or 0.9%, increased the odds by 31% (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.51; P = 2.19 × 10 -4 ). Diabetes and poor glycemic control are major risk factors for Dupuytren disease, which present an opportunity for prevention. Risk, III.

GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN AND RISK OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS IN OFFSPRING : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in social behavior, language skills, and communication abilities. A correlation was found between ASD patients and their mothers' excessive weight gain during pregnancy. However, the relationship between BMI before pregnancy and ASD incidence is inconclusive. In addition, research investigates the potential role that preventative factors, such as folate and fatty acid consumption, play in the development of the disease. There is growing evidence that certain factors, including advanced maternal and paternal age, valproate consumption, exposure to toxic chemicals, maternal diabetes, enhanced steroidogenic activity, immune activation, and possibly altered zinc–copper cycles and treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring. The large, multisite case-control study discovered that severe maternal obesity (obesity Class 2/3) was associated with approximately double the risk of ASD (with or without ID) and increased odds of DD. In the United States, an investigation was conducted. ASD was also associated with GWG when gestational age was considered, and this association was particularly strong in male offspring. Still, no connection between GWG and DD could be established. No correlations were found between the GWG rate and ASD or DD when the data was evaluated based on how well it matched clinical recommendations. Patients with autism spectrum disorder whose mothers gained an unhealthy quantity of weight during pregnancy were found to have a correlation. However, there is little correlation between BMI before pregnancy and the risk of having a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Relationship between thyroid function tests and bioelectrical impedance measurement parameters according to degree of obesity

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between thyroid function tests and bioelectrical impedance measurement parameters showing body composition in groups of patients with varying degrees of obesity as determined by body mass index (BMI). Methods: A total of 120 people between the ages of 18 and 65 years were enrolled in the study, including 20 individuals with stage 1 obesity, 20 with Stage 2 obesity, 20 with Stage 3 obesity, and 40 with normal body weights. In the collection of data, a case report form prepared by the researcher for gathering information about the participants and the results of blood tests and bioelectrical impedance measurements made with a Tanita device were used. Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein between 09:00 and 10:00 in the morning after at least 8 hours of fasting. HOMA-IR values were calculated by measuring fasting plasma glucose and insulin. Results: No significant correlation was found between median BMI and TSH, fT3 and fT4 levels in the whole population. While a negative correlation was found between median TSH and BMI in the group with normal body weight (r=-0.430, p=0.006), a positive correlation was found in the Stage 1 obese group (r=0.553, p=0.011). This relationship was not significant in the Stage 2 and morbidly obese groups. There was no significant correlation between BMI and fT4 and fT3 in all groups. A positive correlation was found between fat percentage and TSH (r=0.391, p=0.014) and fT3 (r=0.333, p=0.038) levels in the group with normal body weight, while no correlation was found with T4 levels. Conclusion: No statistically significant differenceswere found in terms of thyroid functions in different obesity classes as determined by BMI. Elevations of thyroid-stimulating hormone in obese patients are thought to be a result of obesity, not the cause.

Effect of Body Mass Index on Chiari Malformation 1 Tonsil Ectopia Length in Adults

Diagnosis of Chiari I malformation (CM-1) is based on measurements of the inferior extension of the cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum on cranial or cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging. Imaging may be obtained before the patient is referred to the neurosurgical specialist. The length of time raises questions about the possibility that body mass index (BMI) fluctuations could affect the measurement of ectopia length. However, previous literature on BMI and CM-1 has reported conflicting findings on BMI. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 161 patients who were referred to a single neurosurgeon for CM-1 consultation. Patients with multiple recorded BMI values (n= 71) were compared to see if BMI changes correlated with changes in ectopia length. In addition, we compared and tested 154 recorded ectopia lengths from the patients (1 per patient) and patient BMI values with Pearson correlation and Welch t tests to determine if BMI changes either influenced or were associated with ectopia changes. For the 71 patients with multiple BMI values, change in ectopia length ranged from-4.6-9.8mm but was not statistically significant (r=0.019; P=0.88). For the 154 measured ectopia lengths, changes in BMI did not correlate with ectopia length (P>0.05). Likewise, differences in ectopia length between patients in normal, overweight, and obese categories were not statistically significant (|tstat|<|tcrit|, P>0.05). In individual patients, we found that BMI and changes in BMI were not accompanied by changes in tonsil ectopia length.

Evaluating the application of the 2009 Institute of Medicine gestational weight gain guidelines on pregnant Chinese women

ABSTRACT Background The 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) gestational weight gain (GWG) guidelines were initially developed for pregnant women in the United States. Objective This study aimed to investigate whether the IOM guidelines were suitable for pregnant Chinese women. Methods A retrospective cohort study comprising 20,593 singleton pregnant women was conducted at the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital (1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019). Applicability was evaluated by comparing the GWG corresponding to the lowest point of the predicted composite risk curve with the 2009 IOM GWG Guidelines. The IOM Guidelines serve as the standard for the GWG categories and the pre-pregnancy body mass index. An exponential function model was used to fit the weight gain during pregnancy and the probability of caesarean section, preterm birth, small for gestational age, and large for gestational age. A quadratic function model was used to fit the combined probability of the above-mentioned adverse pregnancy outcomes. The applicability of the IOM guidelines was evaluated by comparing the weights corresponding to the lowest predicted probability with the GWG range recommended by the IOM guidelines. Results According to the 2009 IOM GWG Guidelines, 43% of the women achieved adequate weight, almost 32% gained excessive weight, and 25% gained inadequate weight. The GWG range proposed by the IOM included the lowest predicted probability value for underweight women and exceeded the lowest predicted probability for normal weight, overweight, and obese women. Conclusions The 2009 IOM guidelines were suitable for Chinese women whose pre-pregnancy body mass index was classified as underweight. The guidelines were not suitable for normal, overweight, or obese pre-pregnancy body mass index classifications. Therefore, based on the above evidence, the 2009 IOM guidelines are not suitable for all Chinese women.

Self-Reported Height and Weight for BMI Calculation Compared With Measured Height, Weight, and BMI in Patients Undergoing Liposuction of the Upper and Lower Abdomen: A Single-Center Retrospective Review

Self-reported height and weight is commonly used in medical practice for the determination of body mass index (BMI). Self-reported height and weight can be underestimated or overestimated resulting in inaccurate BMI calculations. In our practice the self-reported height and weight are obtained at the time of cosmetic surgery consultation. The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of preoperative height, weight, and BMI calculations in patients undergoing liposuction of the abdomen in comparison to measurements obtained by nursing staff the day of surgery. Clinically, these data may affect perioperative risk stratification and preoperative planning with respect to deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis. Using Nextech electronic medical records (EMR) system, charts were reviewed from July 2019 to July 2022. Patients identified as having underwent liposuction of the upper and lower abdomen were reviewed. All patients had been consented for the prescribed procedure. Data extracted included the self-reported height/weight and calculated BMIs obtained at the time of consultation as well as measured height/weight and BMIs from the day of surgery. The study sample included 50 patients (31 women and 19 men), with an average age of 44 ± 11 years (range, 20-71 years). Time from consult to surgery ranged from 2 to 270 days with an average of 58 days. Time of consult (TOC) height average was 169.1 cm (range, 152.4-190.5 cm) versus day of surgery (DOS) height average of 169.5 cm (range, 149-190 cm). Time of consult weight average was 82.4 kg/181.66 lbs (range, 54.5-115.9 kg/120.15-264.89 lbs) versus DOS average of 84 kg/185.19 lbs (range, 53.8-116 kg/118.61-255.74 lbs). Time of consult BMI average was 28.5 kg/m2 (range, 21.1-43.9 kg/m2) with a DOS average of 29 kg/m2 (range, 20.9-47 kg/m2). Height was on average underestimated by 0.03 cm. Weight was on average underestimated by 1.6 kg at the TOC compared with DOS. BMI difference between TOC and DOS had an average underestimate of 0.5 kg/m2. A total of 8 patients upstaged to a higher obesity classification based on DOS BMI calculation. Subgroup analysis of male and female height and weight estimations versus measured data are also reviewed. When averaged the time of consultation height, weight, and BMI correlated with height, weight, and BMIs measured and calculated the day of surgery in patients undergoing liposuction of the abdomen. Sixteen percent of our study population were reclassified to a higher obesity class based on DOS height and weight. For the purposes of accurate perioperative risk management and deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis planning, height and weight should be obtained accurately at the time of consultation or at a preoperative visit within 1 month of surgery.

Paradoxical Associations Exist Between BMI Category and Perioperative Complications Following Lower Extremity Arterial Bypass

Paradoxical Associations Exist Between BMI Category and Perioperative Complications Following Lower Extremity Arterial Bypass

(396) Effects of Long-term Testosterone Therapy in Men with Functional Hypogonadism and Obesity on Weight, Waist Circumference, and Erectile Function – Results from a Registry Study

Abstract Introduction Obesity is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). Long-term testosterone therapy (TTh) has been shown to improve anthropometric parameters as well as erectile function. Objective to investigate effects of long-term TTh up to 13 years in men with functional hypogonadism and obesity compared to an untreated control group. Methods In an ongoing registry study in men with hypogonadism (total testosterone ≤350 ng/mL and at least moderate symptoms on the Aging Males’ Symptoms scale, AMS) in a single urology office, 491 men had functional hypogonadism and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). 292 men received testosterone undecanoate (TU) injections 1000 mg/12 weeks following an initial 6-week interval (T-group), 199 opted against TTh and served as controls (CTRL). Weight, waist circumference, and IIEF-EF (5+1 questions, maximum score: 30) were assessed at each visit. Absolute measures with standard deviations (SDs) as well as changes over time, adjusted for age, weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose, blood pressure, lipids, and quality of life to account for baseline differences between groups, are reported for a duration of 13 years. Results Mean (median) follow-up: T-group 10.1±3.1 (11), CTRL 9.4±3.3 (10) years, total observation time: T-group 2944, CTRL 1861 patient-years. Baseline age was 59.5±6.0 (T-group) and 63.0±5.0 years (CTRL) (p&amp;lt;0.0001). In the T-group, 35.3%, 44.9% and 19.9% had obesity class I (BMI 30.0-34.4), II (BMI 35.0-39.9) and III (BMI ≥40 kg/m2), respectively. In CTRL, 71.9%, 22.1%, and 6%, had obesity class I, II, and III, respectively. At baseline, PDE5-Inhibitors were used by 25.0% (T-group) and 25.6% (CTRL) (p=0.875). T-group: weight (kg) decreased by 23.9±0.4 (least squares means ± standard errors) from 114.5±11.8 to 87.5±6.7 (means ± standard deviations) after 13 years. CTRL: weight increased by 8.4±0.6 from 105.6±10.5 to 107.9±6.2 (p&amp;lt;0.0001 for all). T-group: waist circumference (cm) decreased by 13.8±0.3 (least squares means ± SEs) from 115.0±13.2 to 97.5±4.6 (means ± SDs) after 13 years CTRL: waist circumference increased by 9.3±0.4 from 118.6±11.4 to 121.2±6.1 (p&amp;lt;0.0001 for all). T-group: BMI (kg/m2) decreased by 7.7±0.1 (least squares means ± SEs) from 36.8±3.6 to 28.3±2.1 after 13 years CTRL: BMI increased by 2.7±0.2 from 33.9±3.3 to 34.9±2.2 (p&amp;lt;0.0001 for all). Per cent weight loss from baseline was 22.8±4.9% in the T-group, per cent weight gain was 8.4±3.7% in CTRL (p&amp;lt;0.0001 for both). In the T-group, 118 patients (40.4%) achieved weight loss of ≥20% after a mean observation time of 92 months (minimum: 27, maximum: 189). No patient in CTRL achieved weight loss of ≥20%. 290 men (99.3%) in the T-group vs. 8 men (4.0%) in CTRL achieved weight loss of ≥5%. T-group: IIEF-EF increased by 11.4±0.3 (least squares means ± SEs) from 17.2±5.9 (means ± SD) at baseline to 29.4±1.0 after 13 years. CTRL: IIEF-EF decreased by 15.1±0.4 from 19.0±3.9 at baseline to 7.0±1.0 after 13 years (p&amp;lt;0.0001 for all). Conclusions Long-term TTh in men with functional hypogonadism and obesity improved weight, waist circumference and erectile function. In the untreated control group, anthropometric measures and erectile function deteriorated. Disclosure Yes, this is sponsored by industry/sponsor: Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany Clarification Industry funding only - investigator initiated and executed study Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Bayer AG

Association between obesity and fecundity in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination

To determine if an association exists between body mass index (BMI) and fecundity after intrauterine insemination (IUI). Retrospective cohort study. Academic-based fertility clinic. Patients undergoing IUI July 2007 to May 2012. None. Primary outcome: live-birth rate (LBR) per IUI cycle; secondary outcomes: positive pregnancy test and clinical pregnancy rates (CPRs). A total of 1959 cycles were performed on 661 women (mean age, 31.9 ± 4.9 years). When examined by obesity class, LBR and CPR were similar for women with class I, II, and III obesity when compared with women with normal BMI. However, class III obese women (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-2.59) had increased pregnancy rates compared with normal BMI, but no differences in pregnancy rates were observed for women with class I or II obesity. In addition, pregnancy rates (aRR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.12-2.02) and CPR (aRR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.07-2.14) were higher in overweight women relative to normal BMI. Notably, among patients with ovulatory dysfunction, CPRs after IUI were reduced by 43% in obese women (aRR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37-1.07), whereas women without ovulatory dysfunction were twice as likely to achieve a clinical pregnancy when they were obese (aRR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.19-3.24). The CIs for the obesity risk ratios in each stratum of ovulatory function exhibited no overlap, suggesting evidence of potential effect modification by ovulatory function. LBRs after IUI were similar across BMI subgroups. This is in contrast to research of invitro fertilization treatments showing lower LBR with increasing BMI. However, obesity may adversely affect IUI CPR in those with ovulatory dysfunction in particular. The reason for this discrepancy is unclear and warrants further study.