Obese Female Students Research Articles

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Young Female Emirati Adults.

IntroductionMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a growing problem in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Moreover, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is rapidly increasing in the UAE especially among young females. However, few studies have evaluated the prevalence of MetS among young female adults in the UAE. This study determined the prevalence of MetS in Emirati females aged 17–25 years and its relation to overweight and obesity.MethodsIn total, 555 Emirati female college students were enrolled in a cross-sectional study, conducted during 2013–2014 at United Arab Emirates University in Al Ain, UAE. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and biochemical measurements were collected. MetS was defined according to the harmonised International Diabetes Federation criteria.ResultsOf the 555 participants enrolled, 23.1% were overweight and 10.4% were classified as obese. The overall prevalence of MetS was 6.8%. MetS prevalence was highest among obese participants (34.5%), as compared with normal-weight (1.7%) and overweight (10.1%) participants. MetS was significantly associated with overweight (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.15–12.52) and obesity (aOR = 11.2, 95% CI; 3.1–40.9), as compared with normal-weight. Waist-hip ratio ≥ 0.8 (aOR = 3.04, 95% CI; 1.10–8.44) was significantly associated with MetS, as compared with waist-hip ratio <0.8. The odds of MetS were 22 fold higher in participants with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5% (aOR = 22.5, 95% CI; 6.37–79.42) compared to HbA1c <6.5%. This difference was 9 fold higher when HbA1c between 5.6%–6.4% was compared to HbA1c <5.6% (aOR = 8.9, 95% CI; 3.4–23.5).ConclusionThe prevalence of MetS among obese Emirati female students was significantly higher than overweight and normal weight students. The high prevalence of MetS highlights the importance of regular screening and intervention programmes targeting weight reduction.

Comparison of Disorder in Sleep Quality, Aggression and Educational Performance between Obese and Normal Weight Elementary-school Female Students

The present research aimed to draw a comparison of disorder in sleep quality, aggression and educational performance between obese and normal weight elementary-school female students. The research sample comprised 200 girls (100 obese, 100 normal) aged between 10 and 13 years old who were selected through convenience sampling. The data gathering tools included Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and Aggression Questionnaire (AGQ) and the students’ GPA was considered as the indicator of their educational performance. The research employed a casual-comparative method and the results of multivariate variance analysis indicated that, there is significant between-group difference in terms of sleep quality, aggression and educational performance. It can be concluded that, obese girls rate higher as compared to normal girls in disorder in sleep quality and aggression. Furthermore, obese girls rate lower than normal weight girls in educational performance.

Effect of Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle on Cardio-respiratory Efficiency in Normal, Overweight and Obese Female Undergraduate Students.

The influence of obesity on cardio-respiratory efficiency in the various phases of menstrual cycle is not well understood until now. As majority of Indian women have a favourable attitude towards participation in sports it is significant to understand the variation in exercise performance during different phases of menstrual cycle to have an optimum performance. To evaluate the endurance capacity and cardio-respiratory responses in normal, obese and overweight female undergraduate students during different phases of menstrual cycle. Twenty normal weight, 20 obese and 20 over weight, unmarried, undergraduate female volunteers between the age group of 18-22 years, were recruited by convenient sampling. Cardio-respiratory efficiency was assessed by cardiac efficiency test, respiratory endurance test and respiratory blast test. Overall, exercise efficiency varied significantly during the different phases of the menstrual cycle with the highest during luteal phase and lowest during menstrual phase. Similar trend was observed in all the three weight sub-categories, but it was statistically significant in the normal and overweight category only. There was no significant difference in blast test during menstrual phase, follicular phase and luteal phase of menstrual cycle among three groups of individuals. Overall the obese and overweight females had a decreased value for blast test compared to the normal individuals. Significant difference was observed in endurance test among follicular and luteal phase of normal females but there is no change in overweight and obese. Significant difference was observed in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) among luteal phase in normal and overweight individuals but there is no change in obese females. Overall obese individuals have a significant low PEFR compared to normal and overweight individuals. Significant increase in cardiac and respiratory efficiency was observed in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in normal weight where as in overweight and obese females, there is an overall decrease in fitness capacity with increase in the Body Mass Index (BMI). Therefore, practice of regular exercise and intake of healthy diet which help in reducing the weight and in turn the BMI will help in enhancing the physical fitness of the individuals.

Comparison of Nutrient Intake Status and Dietary Quality between Normal Weight Obesity and Obesity University Female Students

The purpose of this study was to evaluation of nutrient intake status and dietary quality in university female students with normal weight obesity (NWO) and Obesity. The term “NWO” described those individuals with normal weight and BMI ( 25kg/m²) with increased BF% (30%). The subjects were 27 obese university female students (NWO n=14, Obesity n=13). The dietary intakes were obtained using a food frequency questionnaire. Metabolic Syndrome risk factors were no significant difference. Waist Circumference was higher than 85cm in both groups. All nutrient intake were significantly higher in obesity groups than NWO groups (p.05). Balanced energy ratios of carbohydrate, protein and fat were noted in both groups. There is a big difference between energy of most intake on weeks and energy of the least intake on weeks (p.001). With regards to dietary quality, Nutrient adequacy ratio(NAR) in NWO group was significantly lower than Obesity group (p.05). MAR values for NWO group and Obesity group was 0.61 and 0.78, respectively and revealed a statistical significance (p.01).

The Effect of Tomato Juice Consumption on Antioxidant Status in Overweight and Obese Females

Tomatoes and their products are the main source of lycopene, a powerful potent antioxidant. Tomato products improve antioxidant defenses and reduce the risk of oxidative stress, at least partly, due to the presence of lycopene. Lycopene, as an antioxidant, induces the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and reinforces the total enzyme capacity of the human body. Obesity is a chronic condition in which destructive mechanisms increase the reactive oxygen species and attenuation of antioxidant status. We hypothesized that the consumption of a lycopene-rich food would improve the antioxidant defense of women who were overweight or obese. A total of seventy-five overweight or obese female students of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences were enrolled and randomly allocated to one of two groups, intervention (n = 40) or control (n = 35), consuming 330 ml/d of tomato juice or water, respectively, for a 20-day period. At baseline and day 20, total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) were analyzed using ELISA kits and spectrophotometric methods and then compared between the two groups. Lycopene consumption had no effect on these aforementioned variables. Therefore, it seems that more research with longer duration and more sensitive indicators will be required.

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on anthropometric indices in vitamin D-deficient obese Saudi females; a randomized controlled trial

Background and Aim: Vitamin D (VD) is well-known for its traditional but essential role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. However, the evidence suggests that VD endocrine system is linked to obesity as well. In adults, an inverse relationship has been reported between adiposity and circulating VD. The purpose of present study, therefore, was to investigate the effect of VD supplementation on anthropometric indices in a population of VD deficient obese Saudi females. Materials and Methods: It was a randomised controlled trial (RCT) for which 30 vitamin D deficient obese female students were recruited from our university and divided as: 1) Vitamin D group (oral 50,000 IU cholecalciferol/week for 8 weeks and 2) Placebo group (sterile drops). Weight, height, waist and hip circumference were recorded. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio were calculated at the beginning and in the end. Statistical Analysis: Two sample t-test, paired t-test and Pearson correlation. Results: After treatment with 50,000 IU of VD weekly for 8 weeks, a significant decrease in waist circumference was observed in VD group compared to their pre-treatment measurement (100.8 ± 8.4 vs 96.7 ± 10.4; P = 0.04), although there was no significant change in any other variables ( P > 0.05). No significant differences were observed among the groups in the beginning or in the end. Serum VD levels were not significantly related to any of the anthropometric variables at baseline in both groups. Conclusions: Correction of 25 (OH) D concentrations led to significant reduction in waist circumference in VD deficient young Saudi obese female students without affecting other anthropometric indices.

Develop a Participatory Model in Nutrition Education to Prevent Childhood Obesity

Purpose: To investigate the effect of nutrition education and the engagement of students, parents and teachers in addressing school-specific environmental influences in eating problem. Design: This study adopted the action research process of diagnosing, action planning, taking action, evaluating, and specifying learning. Each of obese and non-obese male and female students was randomly selected based on physical screening based on obesity criteria. Dietary intake records were taken over seven days as the pre-intervention period. These four students, one of each of their parents and the teacher from the primary school, were given 3 sessions of nutrition education. After the nutrition education, dietary intake records were taken over the subsequent 7 days as the post-intervention period. Lunch observation and lunch menu review were included to identify eating problem of primary school children in school level. Findings: Students were found to consume less whole grains and more food items belonged to the “limited” and “strongly discouraged” as set in government lunch guidelines. Students’ dietary intakes before and after the nutrition education were found improved in their energy intake (p = 0.012), total fat, saturated fat, calcium, sodium, and cholesterol. Conclusion: A participatory model in elementary nutrition education could be effective.

Effect of Vitamin D supplementation on Insulin Resistance in Vitamin D-Deficient Obese Saudi Females; Randomized Controlled Trial

This study evaluates the effects of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance in vitamin D deficient obese Saudi females. Thirty vitamin D deficient obese female students were recruited from University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia and divided into a vitamin D group and a placebo group. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was compared between the groups and within the groups by two sample t test and paired t test, respectively. After treatment with 50,000 IU of vitamin D weekly for 8 weeks, the mean plasma levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D was significantly increased from 2.9 to 31.3 ng/ml in the vitamin D group. The results in the vitamin D supplemented group at baseline and at the end, for fasting plasma glucose were 97.90 ± 2.13 and 101.01 ± 1.67 mg/dl (P = 0.21), for insulin, 5.14 ± 3.22 and 4.68 ± 3.24 µIU/ml (P = 0.15) and for Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, 1.28 ± 0.81 and 1.23 ± 0.87 (P = 0.62), respectively. This data showed insignifi cant changes in insulin resistance after treatment with vitamin D, suggesting that vitamin D supplementation may not have any eff ect on insulin resistance in vitamin D deficient obese females.&#x0D;

DÜZENLİ AEROBİK EGZERSİZ PROGRAMININ ÜNİVERSİTELİ OBEZ KIZ ÖĞRENCİLERİN FİZİKSEL, MOTORİK VE PSİKO-SOSYAL PARAMETRELERİNE ETKİSİ

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of regular aerobic exercise program participation on the physical, motoric and psychosocial developments of obese female university students. The volunteer students who were determined as obese via body mass index (BMI) were randomly distributed to the groups of exercise (EG) and control (CG) and each group consisted of 20 students. The participants of exercise group participated in tae bo aerobic exercise program of 60 minutes, 3 days a week, for 16 weeks. Physicalmotoric measurements (height, body weight, skinfold, body fat percent, BMI, hand-leg-back strength) and psychosocial measurements (satisfaction by the body parts, social physique anxiety, physical self-perception) were administered as pre and post-test. The findings were analyzed by SPSS Statistical Package Program; descriptive statistics (percent, frequency, mean and standard deviation) were given; Wilcoxon Signed Rank and Mann Whitney U tests were used. The results of the study showed that exercise of tae bo affected physical, motoric and psychosocial features of the participants positively

Leptin and Insulin Resistance in Young Adult Obese Females: Effect of Eight Weeks Resistance Training

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks resistance training on leptin levels changes and insulin resistance in obese females. Twenty inactive and obese female students (mean age 23.5± 1.56, the average height of 160.1± 4.4 and the average BMI 31.17 ± 1.51) participated in this study. Subjects randomly were divided into two groups: controls 10 and experimental 10. Subjects in experimental group were performed 8 weeks resistance training program (chest press, leg press, lat pull down, leg curl, bicep curl, leg extension) with 60 - 70 percent of 1RM. Data were analyzed using by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and independent t-test. (P ≤ 0.05). The results of this study showed that, there was no significance differences in leptin, insulin and glucose levels and insulin resistance between control and experimental groups (P＞ 0.05), after 8 weeks of resistance training. However, there was a significant difference between two groups (P ＜0.05) in body weight, body mass index and percent body fat. After eight weeks resistance training, body weight, BMI, WHR and percent body fat in the experimental group were decreased. Our study showed that 8 weeks resistance training have a positive effect on reducing body weight, BMI, WHR and percent body fat but could not decrease leptin, insulin and glucose levels and insulin resistance.

Body Image, Risk of Disturbed Eating Attitudes and Weight Control of Female Junior High School Students by the Body Mass Index in Seoul

Objectives: In this study, perception of body image, eating attitudes and weight control were examined by the degree of obesity using Body Mass Index (BMI). Methods: Out of 420 questionnaires distributed to the female middle school students (aged 12-16 years), 407 were returned (97% response rate) and 395 were analyzed (94% analysis rate). Female students were divided into two groups based on the BMI percentile using the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. (1) normal weight (5 percentile ≤ BMI < 85 percentile) (2) obese (85 percentile ≤ BMI) by 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. Satisfaction of self-body shape, risk of disturbed eating attitudes (Eating Attitude Test : EAT-26), and weight control behaviors were examined. Results: Distribution of the subjects by BMI was 74.5% of normal and 25.5% of obese. There were significant differences between self-perceived current body image and self-perceived ideal body image. The dissatisfaction of body image was higher in obese than in normal groups (p < 0.001). 51.4% of female students were unsatisfied with their body image, while 2.6% were very satisfied. Among the students unsatisfied with their body image, 150 (52.1%) were of normal weight and 48 (49.4%) were obese. EAT-26 total scores were significantly higher in the obese group (16.42 ± 8.23) compared with normal group (13.72 ± 8.10) (p < 0.01). Attempted to weight control were significantly different by the BMI (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study concludes that there was desire to become thinner than current status in female students, even those with normal BMI. Many female students were dissatisfied with their body image and attempted to lose weight. It is harmful to their health and nutritional status if they choose undesirable methods. These findings suggested that there are needs to encourage female students for maintaining healthy weight. A higher score of EAT-26 was associated with dissatisfaction of selfbody image and this may lead to unhealthy behaviors in obese female students. Korean J Community Nutr 19(2): 111~121, 2014

Tomato juice consumption reduces systemic inflammation in overweight and obese females

Tomatoes are the richest source of lycopene, a potent antioxidant. Tomato products improve antioxidant defences and reduce the risk of inflammatory diseases, at least partly, due to the presence of lycopene. Lycopene, as an anti-inflammatory agent, prevents the production of inflammatory cytokines. Obesity is a chronic inflammatory condition in which the increased level of body fat leads to an increase in circulating inflammatory mediators. We hypothesised that the consumption of a lycopene-rich food would reduce inflammation in people who are overweight or obese. A total of 106 overweight or obese female students of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences were enrolled and randomly allocated to an intervention group (n 53) or a control group (n 53) consuming 330 ml/d of tomato juice or water, respectively, for 20 d. At baseline and day 20, serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and TNF-α were analysed by ELISA and compared between the groups. Serum concentrations of IL-8 and TNF-α decreased significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group and with baseline. Subgroup analysis indicated that this effect was confined to subjects who were overweight. Among obese subjects, serum IL-6 concentration was decreased in the intervention group compared with the control group, with no differences in IL-8 and TNF-α observed. Tomato juice reduces inflammation in overweight and obese females. Thus, increasing tomato intake may provide a useful approach for reducing the risk of inflammatory diseases such as CVD and diabetes, which are associated with obesity.

The interdependence of nutritional status and blood pressure in female students

Introduction: The value of blood pressure is affected by a number of factors, nutritional status being of utmost importance. The aim of the study was an assessment of the interdependence between the nutritional status and systolic blood pressure (SBP) as well as diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in female students. Material and method : The research included 66 women aged 20.5±0.71, studying in Bydgoszcz. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure was taken. The nutritional status of the students was estimated with the use of anthropometric parameters. To assess the status, nutritional indexes such as the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the percentage of fat in the body (%FM) were applied. Results: The mean systolic and diastolic pressure of the female students was optimal. Hypertension was identified only in one person (1.5% of the female students) and high normal blood pressure - in the eight all those (12% of the female students). The normal BMI was found in 42.4% of the female students. However, low body mass was found in every 5th person and undernutrition in every 3rd person. The percentage of body fat was high (31.1±4.6%), and obesity was identified in about 60% of the students (%FM>30%). A significant correlation was observed between systolic pressure and body mass (r=0.4 p<0.001), %FM (r=0.5 p<0.001) and BMI (r=0.4 p=0.002). A significantly higher systolic pressure (121 vs. 111 mmHg p<0,001) and diastolic pressure (77 vs. 73 mmHg p=0.013) was observed in the obese female students compared to the non-obese students. Conclusions: 1. Disorders in nutritional status (including underweight, low body mass, overweight and obesity) were identified in over a half of the students. 2. Interdependence between body mass, body mass index, body fat in female students and systolic pressure was shown. 3. A significantly higher blood pressure and more frequent occurrence of higher blood pressure categories were observed in obese female students.

Laser Acupuncture Reduces Body Fat in Obese Female Undergraduate Students

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacies of laser acupunctures with different laser irradiation doses for body weight loss and body fat reduction in obese persons. Twentyeight subjects with simple obesity were divided into four groups receiving laser acupunctures at 0, 358, 478, and 597 J/cm2, respectively, which were applied to the acupoints of Cv 8, St 25, and Sp 15, six times per week for four weeks. Body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), body fat percent, waist girth, hip girth, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured before and after treatment. The laser groups receiving 358 and 597 J/cm2showed significant reductions in BW, BMI, BFM, waist girth, hip girth, and WHR after treatment compared with the placebo group. The percent reductions of BFM in the laser groups receiving 358 and 597 J/cm2were 4.29% and 3.94%, respectively, and the corresponding values of BW were 1.99% and 1.63%, respectively. In conclusion, laser acupuncture could reduce body fat mass and lower body weight in a dose-dependent manner in obese persons. Among the doses of 358, 478, and 597 J/cm2, both the 358 and 597 J/cm2doses were effective in the 4-week trial.

Obesitas sentral berhubungan dengan toleransi glukosa terganggu pada remaja perempuan

Background: Obesity in adolescents has become health problem in Indonesia. Central obesity is associated with insulin resistance.Theoretically, insulin resistance will cause impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and could develop into type 2 diabetes.Objective: The aim of this study were to evaluate the difference in IGT prevalence between central and non central obesity and to identify the risk factors associated with IGT. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at 3 private secondary schools in Yogyakarta and recruited 62 obese female students aged 12-18 years.The subjects were classified into central obesity (BMI/U&gt; +2SD and waist circumference &gt; p90) and non central obesity based on anthropometric data. Fasting glucose and 2 hours after loading were measured in all subjects. Differences in the proportion of IGT between the two groups was calculated by Chi-square test and risk factors associated with IGT were calculated by multivariate logistic regression with 95% confidence interval.Result: Of 62 subjects, 14 of them have IGT and the prevalence of IGT was significantly higher in the central obesity group compared to non central obesity group (11/31 vs 3/31, p=0.03). Central obesity was found to be the only risk factor of IGT (OR=4.6; 95%CI: 1.04 to 20.24). Twenty one of the subjects were found to have impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (34%) and one subject (1.6 %) had IFG+IGT. There were no differences in the proportion of IFG between central and non central obesity groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of IGT in female students with central obesity was higher compared to those with non central obesity. A female student with central obesity had 4.6-fold risk of having IGT compared to those with non central obesity.

Aerobic Exercise Training-Induced Decrease in Plasma Visfatin and Insulin Resistance in Obese Female Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to assess differences in the levels of plasma visfatin among female adolescents and changes in plasma visfatin and insulin resistance in obese female adolescents after 12 wk of aerobic exercise training. Twenty normal-weight female students (body-mass index [BMI] < 22.9 kg/m² and body fat ≤ 29.9) and 18 obese female students (BMI ≥ 25 kg/ m² and body fat ≥ 30%) participated in this study. Eleven obese students were assigned to an exercise group and completed a 12-wk aerobic exercise-training program that included four 40- to 50-min sessions per wk with an energy expenditure of 300-400 kcal/d. Seven obese students were assigned to a control group that received no exercise sessions or dietary restriction. The plasma visfatin levels of obese female adolescents were significantly higher (p < .05) than those of the normal-weight female adolescents. The plasma visfatin levels (294.00 ± 124.74 ng/ml to 185.55 ± 67.30 ng/ml, p < .01) and insulin resistance (p < .05) were significantly reduced after 12 wk of aerobic exercise. The results suggest that aerobic exercise resulting in an energy expenditure of 1,200-1,600 kcal/wk for 12 wk decreases plasma visfatin and insulin resistance in obese female adolescents.

Co-active coaching as an intervention for obesity among female university students

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of Co-active coaching on obese female university students’ body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), functional health status and self-esteem, and conjointly to identify the coaching skills and primary agenda topics that facilitate coaching’s efficacy as an intervention for obesity.Design:A multiple-baseline, single-subject research design was utilized.Methods:Two certified coaches provided an average of nine, 35-minute, one-on-one sessions with five students whose BMI≥30kg/m2(obesity threshold). Measures included BMI, WC, the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Visual inspection was used to analyze changes in BMI and WC. Statistical interpretations, supplemented with qualitative information from post-intervention interviews, were used to determine whether a clinically significant difference in health status and/or self-esteem was achieved. Inductive content analysis was conducted on the interview transcripts and on 50 per cent of each participant’s coaching session transcripts.Results:Visual inspection revealed no change in BMI for three, a decrease for one, and a slight increase for one participant. WC decreased for three participants and remained stable for two. Collectively, the effect sizes and qualitative statements indicated clinically significant improvements in participants’ self-esteem and physical, mental, and overall health statuses upon completion of the intervention. Powerful questions and acknowledgements were the most frequently used coaching skills.Conclusions:Coaching and particular coaching skills were associated with a trend towards a decrease in WC and clinically significant increases in participants’ self-esteem and their mental, physical, and overall health statuses.

Effect of Exercise on Circulating Adipokine Levels in Obese Young Women

We studied the effect of exercise on circulating adipokine, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and metabolic parameters in obese young women. Ninety-six healthy Japanese young female students aged 18-23 years were studied. The longitudinal intervention study of a 7-month exercise training program (30-60 min/day, 60-70% HR-reserve, 200-400 kcal, 4-5 days/week) was performed in eight obese female students (BMI > or =25 kg/m(2)). Eight control female students (mean BMI = 22 kg/m(2)) were included in the follow-up study. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (%Fat), body fat mass, lean body mass, health-promoting lifestyle profile-scale (L-scale), VO(2)max (maximal oxygen uptake), hs-CRP, lipids, insulin homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R), fasting levels for circulating adiponectin, leptin, and TNF-alpha, were measured before and after the exercise program. In obese subjects, body weight, BMI, %Fat, body fat mass, lean body mass, hs-CRP, leptin, and TNF-alpha were significantly higher, and L-scale and adiponectin were lower than those in control subjects. In obese subjects, exercise decreased body weight, BMI, %Fat, body fat mass, lean body mass, hs-CRP, leptin, and TNF-alpha, and increased L-scale, VO(2)max, HDL-cho, and adiponectin. It was concluded that changes in circulating adipokine levels are involved in the improvement of the metabolic state by exercise and may be useful markers for evaluation and prescription of exercise.

肥満児の血漿脂質, リポ蛋白, アポ蛋白濃度

The obese children were selected from approximately 10, 000 elementary school students and 4, 700 junior high school students. The incidences of obesity were 2.16%, 1.69%, 2.41% and 1.45% in male and female elementary school students and male and female junior high school students, respectively. Hypercholesterolemia was observed in approximately 30% of moderately to severely obese children (obesity index>130%). Incidence of hypertriglyceridemia in the obese children was around 10%. Plasma triglyceride levels were significantly increased in moderately (126.2±11.1mg/dl) and severely (163.3±29.6mg/dl) obese male junior high school children and severely obese female junior high school children (206.5±121.5mg/dl) than control (male; 78±4.4mg/dl, female; 78±4.0mg/dl). HDL-cholesterol measured by precipitation method using dextran sulfate and magnesium chloride, were decreased in moderately (50.7±1.5mg/dl) and severely (51.1±12.9mg/dl) obese male junior high school students and moderately obese female junior high school students (51.1±12.9mg/dl) than control (male; 61±3.0mg/dl, female; 63±2.7mg/dl). Plasma apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, B, C-II and E were measured by single radial immunodiffusion method. Significant differences were observed in plasma concentrations of apo A-I and apo B between the obese and non-obese children. Plasma apo A-I concentrations were significantly higher in moderately (164.0±3.5mg/dl) and severely (166.5±6.7mg/dl) obese male elementary school students, moderately obese male junior high school students (158.2±2.2mg/dl) and moderately obese female primary school students (149.4±12.1mg/dl) than control (130±6.2mg/dl). Hyper apo A-I lipoproteinemia observed in the obese children is in contrast to the decreased apo A-I levels in the obese adults, reported by Avogaro P. et al (Prog. Biochem. Pharmacol. 19: 141, 1983). Plasma apo B concentration showed significantly higher levels in the obese children (95.8±4.6mg/dl) than control (68±2.9mg/dl). Plasma apo C-II and apo E concentrations showed tendency to increase in the obese children. The present study clarified the characteristics of metabolic abnormalities of plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in the obese Japanese children.