Yield Of Oats Research Articles

Productivity and Profitability of Fodder oat (Avena sativa L.) as Affected by Integrated Nutrient Management: A Review

Fodder oats (Avena sativa L.) is a valuable feed resource for livestock, providing high-quality forage rich in nutrients essential for animal health and productivity. This review summarizes the key components and benefits of integrated nutrient management in fodder oats cultivation. Organic inputs such as farmyard manure, compost, and green manure enhance soil quality while inorganic fertilizers provide essential macro and micronutrients necessary for robust crop growth and yield.Various researchers found that higher green and dry fodder yields were obtained with the application of Farmyard Manure @ 5 t/ha + 50 percent of the recommended dose of fertilizers (329.76- 518.32 q ha-1) and 75% RDF along with 2 t Poultry manure ha-1 (77.57- 91.31 q ha-1 ). While 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)+Zn + plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)+residual farm yard manure (R-FYM) and 100%RDF + Zn + R-FYM significantly increased fodder quality traits- Crude protein (9.44-10.10%), ether extract (4.5-5%), total ash yield (33.8-34.6%), ADF and NDF. Uptake of N, K, P, S and Mn by oat crop was highest at 75% NPK+2.5t Vermicompost +10kg Mn+20kg S ha-1. Higher net returns per ha were obtained by integrated nutrient management treatment of FYM @ 5 t/ha + 50 percent of the recommended dose of fertilizers and the application of 75% RDF (60:40 NP) kg ha-1 along with 2 t poultry manure ha-1. Thus Integrated nutrient sources increased the yield and quality of fodder oat besides enhancing profitability.

Change and influence of agroclimatic conditions on oat yield in Yakutia

The results of the dynamics analysis of multi-year meteorological indicators and study of their influence on the yield of the released oat varieties in different agroclimatic zones of Yakutia are presented. It is shown that in the period from 1960 to 2021 the mean annual air temperature in Central Yakutia (Pokrovsk meteorological station) increased annually by 0.045 °C, from 1999 to 2021 – by 0.088 °C, the number of dry years in June increased from 67 to 92% due to a 21% increase in years with medium (HTC = 0.41-0.60) and very strong (HTC < 0.21) drought. In July, drought was recorded in 50% of the years, in August – in 38%. In all agroclimatic zones in the period from 2014 to 2021 for June – August the average daily air temperature annually increased by 0.16...0.34 °С and their sum by 14...28 °С, with precipitation decreasing by 3-16 mm and HTC value by 0.04-0.12 units. Climate change from 2014 to 2021 was 3 to 8 times more intense than from 1999 to 2022. There was a strong variability of yields of the released oat varieties in each agroclimatic zone: Central – from 0.38 to 2.14 t/ha (V = 60–73%), Zarechnaya – from 0.31 to 3.55 t/ha (V = 41–49%), Srednelenskaya – from 1.51 to 4.66 t/ha (V = 30–36%). The greatest annual decrease in grain yield of oat varieties (by 0.25–0.26 t/ha) was observed in arid agroclimatic zones – Central (Yakutsk SCTS) and Zarechnaya (Megino-Kangalassky SCTS) – compared to the wetter Srednelenskaya zone (Olyokminsky SCTS – by 0.10 t/ha). More significant influence on the yield in the Central and Zarechnaya zones was made by precipitation and HTC of the growing season (r = 0.77...0.84), in the Srednelenskaya zone – by temperature (r = – 0.79). Negative effect of temperature on the yield in the Central zone was observed in June (r = – 0.83), Zarechnaya zone - in July (r = – 0.83), in the Srednelenskaya zone – in August (r = –0.86). Precipitation and HTC had the greatest influence on the yield in the Central zone in June and July (r = 0.56...0.59), Zarechnaya zone – July and August (r = 0.60...0.76). In the Srednelenskaya zone the relationship of the yield with precipitation and HTC in June and July was positive (r = 0.23...0.37), in August – negative (r = – 0.57...– 0.71). Significant variability in grain yields of the released oat varieties indicates the variability of weather conditions and the need to cultivate oat varieties that provide a more stable yield in different agroclimatic zones of Yakutia.

The influence of different fertilizer standards on the quality of agricultural products in short rotation crop rotation

Goal. Study of the influence of different rates of fertilization of agricultural crops in short-rotational crop rotation on the quality of agricultural products and their yield on radioactively contaminated lands.
 Methods. Scientifically recommended agricultural crops for this region were selected for research in grain-row crop rotation: Oats — variety Chernihivskyi 27; Triticale — Aist Kharkiv variety; Corn — variety Kharkivska 195 MV; Fodder beets — Eckendorf yellow variety; Lupine is an Industrial variety. The chemical composition of feed was determined according to generally accepted methods. In plant products, the following were determined: crude protein — by total nitrogen using the classic Kjeldahl method; raw fiber — by acid-alkaline hydrolysis; raw ash — by burning samples in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 500—600°C; raw fat — by the Ruzhkosky method in a Soxhlet apparatus.
 Results. As a result of research in 2015—2017, it was established that the studied agricultural products in 2, 3 versions of fertilizer have a higher content of crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber. The content of crude protein in lupine seeds was in the range of 25.54—31.01%, in oat grain — 10.37—12.21%, in triticale grain — 10.08—12.25%, in corn grain — 9.40—11.78%, in fodder beets — 2.03—2.65%. The raw ash content varied over the years of research from 2.68 to 2.86% in oat grain; from 2.74 to 3.01% in lupine seeds; from 2.19 to 2.41% in triticale grain; from 1.37 to 1.68% in beets and from 1.57 to 1.72% in corn grains. The crude fat content for the studied period was from 3.72 to 3.97% in oat grains; from 4.46 to 5.55% in lupine seeds; from 1.40 to 1.74% in triticale grain; from 0.12 to 0.16% in fodder beet and from 4.40 to 4.81% in corn grain. The content of crude fiber during the years of research was from 10.21 to 10.60% in oat grain; from 13.29 to 14.38% in lupine seeds; from 1.69 to 2.74% in triticale grain; from 0.93 to 1.05% in fodder beets and from 2.20 to 2.75% in corn grain. The average yield of oats over the years of research on fertilizer options was 27.12—35.01 t/ha, while it is monitored increase in yield by fertilizer options compared to the control by 15—46%. The yield of triticale was in the range of 39.75—48.97 t/ha, subject to an increase in yield in 2 and 3 fertilizer options by 3—7%. The yield of lupine over the years of research was 17.80—26.69 c/ha, while the yield of lupine in 2 and 3 fertilizer options was 4.8—17.2 higher than in the control. The grain yield of corn and fodder beet in 2 and 3 fertilizer variants also exceeded the control index. The yield of fodder beet was 297.09—394.74 t/ha. The yield of corn was in the range of 48.85—87.15 c/ha.
 Conclusions. It was established that the studied agricultural products in 2, 3 versions of fertilizer have a higher content of crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber. The average yield of oats over the years of research on fertilizer options was 27.12—35.01 t/ha, the yield of triticale was in the range of 39.75—48.97 t/ha, the yield of lupine over the years of research was 17.80—26.69 t/ha, fodder beet yield was 297.09—394.74 t/ha, and corn yield was 48.85—87.15 t/ha.

Grain yield and interspecific competition in an oat-common vetch intercropping system at varying sowing density.

Oat (Avena nuda L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) intercropping in the northern regions of China has resulted in substantial production capabilities. However, there is currently a dearth of comprehensive research on whether this intercropping system can enhance productivity through increased sowing densities and underlying interspecies interaction mechanisms. A two-year field experiment was conducted in 2022 and 2023 to investigate the yield, biological efficiency, economic efficiency, and competition indicators of oats and common vetch in a high-density intercropping system. Two cropping patterns (monocropping and intercropping) and five sowing densities (D1: 4.5×106 plants ha-1; D2:5.4×106 plants ha-1; D3:6.3×106 plants ha-1; D4: 7.2×106 plants ha-1; and D5: 8.1×106 plants ha-1) were arranged in a randomized block design. At the same sowing density, the intercropped oats exhibited greater grain yield than the monocultures. Increasing the oat sowing density significantly enhanced oat yield, with the D3 level in intercropping showing the highest yield increase, ranging from 30.98% to 31.85%, compared with the monoculture. The common vetch intercropping grain yield was maximized in the D2 treatment. The land equivalent ratio was maximized at the D2 level in both years and was significantly higher than D1, with the land equivalent coefficient, system productivity index, and percentage yield difference suggesting that increasing oat sowing densities improved the productivity of the intercropping system, with the best performance observed at the D2 level. For both years, the proportionate actual yield loss of oat was the highest at the D3 level; significantly surpassing D1, proportionate actual yield loss of common vetch and actual yield loss were the highest at level D2, both significantly surpassing D1. These indicates that appropriate densification contributes to the realization of the advantages of intercropping. With an increased oat sowing density, the economic benefits of the intercropping system were maximized at the D2 and D3 levels. Regarding intercropping competition, oat was the dominant crop under different sowing densities (Aggressivity for oat (AO)>0, relative crowding coefficient for oat (KO)>1, competition ratio for oat (CRO)>1), whereas common vetch was the inferior crop. Compared with the D1 level, the D2 level harmonized the aggressivity, competitive ratio, and relative crowding coefficients of oat and common vetch, significantly increasing crowding coefficient for common vetch (KV) and competition ratio for common vetch by 19.76% to 21.94% and 4.80% to 7.51%, respectively, while reducing KO and CRO. This result suggests that in the intercropping of common vetch and oat in alpine regions, rational densification can harmonize interspecific competition and thus improve the biological efficiency and economic benefits of intercropping systems.

Assessing the Productivity of Forage Based Cropping System under Different Farming Practices in the Western Himalayan Region

A field experiment was conducted at CSK Himachal Pradesh, Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Palampur, Department of Organic Agriculture and Natural Farming, College of Agriculture, during 2019-20 to study the effect of conventional, organic and natural farming practices on growth and yield of fodder oat. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications with comprising of 5 farming practices (F0: Absolute control, F1: Organic farming package of practices, F2: Natural farming package of practices (SPNF), F3: 10 t FYM + Natural farming package of practices (SPNF), F4: Recommended fertilizer dose and 3 cropping system (CS1: Oat, CS2: Oat + Fodder Sarson, CS3: Oat + Berseem). The results concluded that, among the farming practices, higher number of shoots per meter square, dry matter accumulation, green fodder yield and dry fodder yield was recorded with recommended dose of fertilizer followed by 10 t FYM + natural farming package of practices (SPNF). In case of cropping systems, significantly higher number of shoots per square meter, dry matter accumulation, green and dry fodder yield was observed with oat + berseem cropping system as compared to oat alone.

Impact of New Varieties on the Yield and Quality of Wheat, Oats, and Sudangrass in North-Eastern Kazakhstan

Impact of New Varieties on the Yield and Quality of Wheat, Oats, and Sudangrass in North-Eastern Kazakhstan

Influence of the dynamics of stocks of mobile forms of nitrogen in gray forest soil and the use of fertilizers on the yield of oats under various weather conditions

In a long-term field experiment on the gray forest soils of the Vladimir opole, the influence of mineral fertilizers and the aftereffect of cattle manure, their interaction on the yield of oats going 2nd crop after the occupied steam, and the dynamics of mobile nitrogen forms under various weather conditions were studied. The determining role of ammonium nitrate nitrogen in the composition of NPK and the aftereffect of cattle manure in increasing the yield of oats has been established. The results of the study indicated that the culture was fed mainly with the nitrate form of nitrogen. A high degree of correlation was revealed between the reserves of N-NO3 in the soil layer of 0–40 cm, formed as a result of the transformation of soil nitrogen and fertilizers to oat seedlings, and its yield (0.981 R2 0.787). The influence of fertilizers and weather conditions on the formation of nitrate nitrogen reserves in the phases of growth and development of oats and their dynamics, ensuring the achievement of high grain yield and quality, are determined. Depending on weather conditions and fertilizer systems, the coefficients of using N-NO3 formed during the growing season of oats for nitrogen removal by grain (40.7–66.6%), grain and straw (58.3–75.0%), grain, straw and crop-root residues (71.2–88.6%) are calculated. In nitrogen-fertilized variants, on average, at 4 levels of manure aftereffect (0, 40, 60 and 80 t/ha), they were highest when using a single dose of N40P40K40, when using a double dose of N80P80K80, they significantly decreased. On average, at 4 levels of mineral fertilizer application (0, P40K40, N40P40K40 and N80P80K80), the utilization coefficients of N-NO3 formed during the growing season with the aftereffect of manure of 60 t/ha were maximum. When N80P80K80 is combined with the aftereffect of organic fertilizers of 80 t/ha, the highest losses of N-NO3 due to denitrification and leaching are possible.

Assessment of the yield and yield attributing characters of oat (Avena sativa L.) grown under different tillage methods and NPK fertilizer rates in semi-arid conditions

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of tillage practices and inorganic sources of different combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers on some physical properties of soil and the yield of oats. The main plots were tillage techniques of no-till (T1), tillage with a cultivator (T2), twice-disc harrow (T3), and moldboard plowing (T4). Split-plots were fertilizer treatments of F1 control without fertilizer, 70:45:50 kg ha−1 NPK (F2), 140:90:100 kg ha−1 NPK (F3), 210:135:150 kg ha−1 NPK (F4), and 280:180:200 kg ha−1 NPK (F5). Soil density, acidity, electrical conductivity, and soil organic carbon increased under T1, while saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased compared with other tillage practices. Soil bulk density and pH increased with increasing sampling depth, while electrical conductivity and soil organic carbon declined with depth. Results from this study indicated a reduction in saturated hydraulic conductivity with time. The highest grain yield was found in the T4 and T3. In contrast, the highest grain yield was observed under F4 and F5 fertilization treatments at location 1 and F5 and F4 treatments at location 2. There were significant differences in growth characteristics and yield components due to the influence of tillage practices and fertilization levels in both experiment locations.

Impact of fodder cutting management and splitting of nitrogen doses on growth and yield of fodder Oat (Avena sativa L.)

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of fodder cutting and splitting of nitrogen management on growth and yield of various varieties of fodder oat during Rabi 2019-2020. The experiment was carried out with three treatments consisting of (Main plot) three varieties (RO-19, JHO-851, UPO-212) and (Sub plot) four fodder cutting and splitting of nitrogen viz. (T1 ) two cuttings (55 DAS & 50% flowering) with 60% N as basal + 40% N at Ist cut, (T2 ) Two cuttings (55 DAS & 50% flowering) with 50% N as basal + 50% N at I st cut, (T3 ) Three cuttings (55 DAS, 35 days after 1st cut & 50% flowering) with 50% N as basal+ 25% N at Ist cut + 25% N at IInd cut and (T4 ) Three cuttings (55 DAS, 35 days after 1st cut & 50% flowering) with 40% N as basal + 30% N at Ist cut + 30% N at IInd cut were laid out in split plot design with three replications. As per the results the values of RO-19 obtained the highest Initial plant population and Plant height (cm) as compared to JHO-851 and UPO-212, while JHO-851, Number shoots (m-1), Number leaves (m-1), Leaves : Stem ratio (Plant-1) and Green fodder yield (q ha-1) as compared to RO-19 and UPO-212. As regarded to cutting and splitting of nitrogen management on Initial plant population, Plant height (cm), Number leaves (m-1), Leaves : Stem ratio (Plant-1), Green fodder yield (q ha-1) and Total green fodder yield (q ha-1) were found maximum under Two cuttings (55 DAS & 50% flowering) + 50% N as basal + 50% N at Ist cut, while Number shoots (m-1) were found maximum under Two cuttings (55 DAS & 50% flowering) + 60% N as basal + 40% N at Ist cut respectively.

Effects of synthetic fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and bio-fertilizers on the yield and productivity of dual-purpose oat (Avena sativa L.) crops under mid-hill region Himachal Pradesh

Effects of synthetic fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and bio-fertilizers on the yield and productivity of dual-purpose oat (Avena sativa L.) crops under mid-hill region Himachal Pradesh

Implicações da remoção dos parâmetros do modelo nas relações lineares de ensaios com a aveia

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the implications of removing the parameters from the mathematical model on the results of path analysis, with oats grown in different years and agricultural scenarios (with and without fungicide). For this, two field trials were conducted in southern Brazil, in five years of growth. The experimental design used in trial I (with fungicide application) was randomized complete blocks (RCB), in a 22 × 4 bifactorial arrangement, characterized by twenty-two oat cultivars and four fungicide applications. For trial II (without fungicide application) the RCB design was used, and the treatments were characterized by twenty-two oat cultivars, with three replications. The traits measured were panicle length, panicle mass, number of spikelets, number of grains, grain mass, and grain yield. For each year, data group, and scenario, the correlation coefficients between the explanatory variables and grain yield were calculated. The diagnosis of multicollinearity indicated violation of the statistical assumption, so it was necessary to proceed with a path analysis under multicollinearity (ridge). The removal of parameters from the mathematical model caused changes in the linear relationships between the oat yield traits, with the maintenance of the linear correlation coefficients in 3.30% and 20% of the situations, for the scenarios with and without fungicide application, respectively. Regarding the path coefficients, it was observed that the direct effects were maintained in 3.30% and 30% and indirect effects in 7.33% and 24.67% of the situations, for the scenarios with and without fungicide application, respectively.

ДИНАМИКА КОМПЛЕКСА NPK В ПОЧВЕ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ФОРМ ПРИМЕНЯЕМЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ И ИХ СОЧЕТАНИЙ

The research was carried out to study the influence of different forms of fertilizers and their combinations on the content of mobile forms of basic nutrients in the soil and the yield of oats. The work was carried out in the forest-steppe of Volga region in 2019-2021. The objects of study: chernozem heavy loamy soil, oat plants of Rysak variety. The experimental design involved studying the following options: basic nitrogen fertilizer (factor A) - without nitrogen fertilizers, ammonium nitrate (N34.4); pre-sowing complex fertilizer (factor B) - without fertilizers, BisolbiFit, azophosphate in full dose (N15P15K15), biomodified azophosphate in full (N15P15K15m) and half (N7.5P7.5K7.5m) doses. The field experiment was carried out in 3 repetitions in a crop rotation of pure fallow - winter wheat - spring wheat - barley - oats. The most rational was the combination of N15P15K15m with the addition of ammonium nitrate, which ensured the formation of an average oat yield over the years of research at the level of 2.71 t/ha. All fertilizers studied in the experiment led to an increase in the value of this indicator, which was 2.28...2.28 t/ha without nitrogen, and 2.50...2.64 t/ha with nitrogen. The best nitrification ability against the background without nitrogen was noted in the variant with biomodified azofoska (N15P15K15m), in which the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil was 41.0% higher than in the variant without fertilizers. When using BisolbiFit, the value of this indicator increased by 21.4%, in variants with N15P15K15 and N7,5P7,5K7,5m - by 16.0...16.7%. Biomodified azofoska contributed to improving the supply of soil under oats with mobile phosphorus and potassium by 4.3...4.9 and 4.0...5.6%, respectively, compared to other options. When ammonium nitrate was applied at a dose of N34.4, the content of nitrate nitrogen, compared with the background where nitrogen fertilizers were not used, increased on average by 5.1% over the background, mobile phosphorus and potassium - by 1.7% and 12.6 , respectively %.

Evaluation of tractor traffic on soil physical properties and their relationship with white oat yield in no-tillage

In a no-tillage system, the absence of soil disturbance combined with increased machine traffic has led to soil compaction in the top layer, negatively affecting its physical quality and hampering crop growth and production. This experiment aimed to assess the impact of tractor traffic, occurring under a no-tillage system, on soil physical properties and their relationship with the growth and yield of white oat crops. The research was conducted in an Oxisol, utilizing a randomized block design with five replications. The treatments consisted of ten consecutive years of no-tillage and additional traffic by 2, 4, 6, and 8 passes of a tractor wheel across the entire plot area. Various soil parameters were evaluated in two soil layers, including soil bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, and soil resistance to penetration. Additionally, plant height, stem diameter, dry plant mass, mass of one thousand grains, and grain yield were determined. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance and linear regression. The results indicated that higher tractor traffic intensity led to increased soil bulk density and reduced macroporosity and soil resistance to penetration in the 0-0.10 m layer compared to the 0.10-0.20 m layer. In the 0-0.10 m layer, bulk density values exceeding 1.44 Mg m-3 were found to restrict the growth and yield of white oat crops, while in the 0.10-0.20 m layer, grain yield was limited when soil bulk density surpassed 1.35 Mg m-3. Our results show that farmers should be aware of the consequences of machine traffic on soil properties as it can have negative effects on crop yields, especially those of white oats grown in clayey soil similar to the one evaluated in this experiment.

Effect of Natural Farming, Organic, Inorganic and Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield and Economics of Fodder Oat

A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of the School of Agriculture, Abhilashi University, Mandi (H.P.) during Rabi 2021-2022 to study the effect of natural farming, organic, inorganic and integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and economics of fodder oat. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications, comprising of six nutrient management treatments. Inorganic nutrient management and integrated nutrient management (FYM @ 5 t/ha + 50 percent of recommended dose of fertilizers) behaving alike resulted in significantly better crop growth (plant height, numbers of shoots per square meter and dry matter accumulation) and higher fodder yield (green and dry) as compared to farmer’s practice(FYM @ 2.5 t/ha + 25 percent of recommended dose of fertilizers), organic nutrient management (FYM @ 10 t/ha + Jeevamrit) and natural farming nutrient management (Beejamrit + Jeevamrit + mulching) treatments. Inorganic nutrient management proved most profitable with highest net returns and net returns per rupee invested.

Yield and grain quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties grown on typical chernozems

Purpose. To determine the yield potential and grain qua­lity of varieties of oat (Avena sativa L.) as a function of the nutritional and climatic conditions. Methods. Field, laboratory (grain quality determination) and statistical methods were used in the research. Results. Using different fertilization systems, seven oat varieties were studied, of which the most productive were ‘Ayvori’, ‘Lehin Nosivskyi’ and ‘Zakat’. The greatest increase in yield due to the use of fertilizers in 2022–2023 (1.24–2.73 t/ha with average increases of 0.32–2.83 t/ha) was observed for the cultivation of the ‘Ayvori’ variety. Additional increases due to the introduction of sulphur, compared to the options where only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were used, were observed for the varieties ‘Neptun’ – 0. 26–0.39 t/ha; ‘Lehin Nosivskyi’ – 0.47–0.49; ‘Svitanok’ – 0.23–0.66; ‘Zakat’ – 0.39–0.64; ‘Zubr’ – 0.41–0.54; ‘Albatros’ – 0.58–0.78; ‘Ayvori’ – 0.34–0.66 t/ha. The average yield of the control varieties in 2021–2023 was as follows 2.28 t/ha – ‘Neptun’; 2.64 – ‘Lehin Nosivskyi’; 2.50 – ‘Svitanok’; 2.70 – ‘Zakat’; 2.71 – ‘Zubr’; 2.60 – ‘Albatros’; 2.81 t/ha – ‘Ayvori’. Increasing the rate of nutrient application to the soil helped to improve grain quality. Thus, with the addition of N30P30K30 + N30 BBCH32, the protein content in the grain was within 10.2–10.8%; N60P60K60 + N30 ВВСН32 – 10.4–11.2; N90P90K90 + N30 ВВСН32 – 11.0–11.8; N120P120K120 + N30 BBCH32 – 11.4–12.4%. The addition of sulphur to the fertilization system resulted in a more efficient use of nitrogen and therefore an increase in the protein content of the grain of 1.3–1.8% compared to the options where the rate of macronutrients was the same for all varieties. The content of albumins and globulins was higher in the grain of the control variant (17.0–19.3 and 20.1–21.6% respectively) and did not vary significantly between varieties. The amount of reserve proteins – prolamins and glutelins – increased (from 28.4–30.2 to 34.8–36.2%) with an increase in fertilizer rate, especially with the introduction of N120P120K120S45 + N30. Conclusions. All investigated oat varieties are highly productive and give yields in the range of 3.33–5.54 t/ha, depending on the fertilizer rate. The variety ‘Neptun’ is slightly lower in yield than the others, but has grain with a significant content of biologically valuable protein fractions. The application of sulphur­containing fertilizers increases yield, improves grain quality and allows a more efficient use of nitrogen, which makes it possible to reduce the basic rate of addition of macronutrients to the soil.

Genotypic variation of adaptive and yield component traits of introduced grain oats (Avena sativa L.) grown in Bangladesh

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is considered a nutritious cereal. Its demand has surged across the globe steadily for half a decade, including in Bangladesh. Because there is no local variety, the current supply in Bangladesh solely relies on imports. This study aimed to introduce grain oats from the United States of America (U.S.A.) to Bangladesh and determine the extent of their adaptability and yield in this new environment. One hundred oat accessions were introduced in collaboration between North South University, Bangladesh and the University of Florida, U.S.A. They were evaluated in field conditions from November 2019 to April 2020 in the Dinajpur district, Bangladesh in two replicated measurements of 13 morphological traits with RCBD design. The broad-sense heritability ranged from 11.7% to 90.0% for the measured traits. The yield-related trait, spikelet numbers, was positively correlated with height (0.30), dry weight (0.46), and harvest index (0.42) but negatively correlated with heading (-0.05), flowering date (-0.05), and tiller numbers (-0.16). Growth habit was negatively correlated with height (-0.07) and dry weight (-0.25). Principal components 1 and 2 explained 43.01% of the variability and were strongly influenced by heading and flowering date. Cluster analysis assigned the genotypes into six main clusters, and the analysis showed that spikelet numbers, growth habit, height, harvest index, and heading date were key yield-contributing and adaptive traits. Identifying traits highly correlated with oat yield could be useful for developing new varieties adapted to Bangladesh environments. This study is a pioneer; it paved the way to breed new high-yielding grain oat varieties for Bangladesh

Response of Two Oat Cultivars to Spraying Nano Potassium in Some Growth Parameters and Yield Components

During the winter of 2021–2022, researchers in the Al-Shomali area of Babylon Province (located at 32°32’N, 44°92’E) carried out a field study. Two oats cultivars, Oats 11 and Gouda, and three treatments (potassium nano-spraying at concentrations of 1, 0, and 2gL-1, and some growth indicators and components of oats yield) were randomly assigned to treatment locations in a factorial experiment with three replicates. In order to compare the means, the least significant difference test was performed at the 5% probability level. Results indicated that the Jouda cultivar was far superior to the Oats 11 cultivar in terms of growth traits, yield, and their constituent parts, while the spraying of Nano-potassium at a concentration of 2 g L-1 was considerably superior. The greatest mean values were found for plant height, flag leaf area, index of chlorophyll pigments in flag leaf, tillers per plant, panicles per plant, and grains per panicle. A total of 119.86 cm2, 26.90 cm2, 55.30 SPAD, 458.6 tillers per plant, 441.1 panicles per square meter, 92.43 grains per panicle, 7.661 tons per hectare, and 17.15 tons per hectare were harvested as grain and biological yields, respectively. The interaction between the Jouda cultivar and spraying nano potassium 2 gL-1 obtained a significant over the other treatments in all traits compared to the control treatment (spraying distilled water only), which recorded the lowest averages in all traits.

Response of Forage Yield and Quality of Oats (Avena sativa L.) to Planting Distances and Mowing Dates

A field experiment was carried out during the winter season of 2020-2021 in the Habbaniyah district, west of Baghdad, to study the response of forage yield and quality of oats Avena sativa L. var. Shifaa to planting distances and mowing dates. A split plots arrangement according to the RCBD at three replications was used. The main plots included planting distances, while the subplots included the mowing dates. The study’s results indicated that the planting distance of 25 cm between lines was significantly superior in the green forage yield and fiber percentage 12.00 ton ha-1 and 37.61%, respectively. In comparison, the planting distance of 20 cm between lines was significantly superior in the protein percentage 12.34%. As for the mowing dates, the mowing after 70 days was selected substantially in the forage yield and fiber percentage. The mowing after 50 days was significantly superior in protein percentage 12.28%. The interaction between studied factors significantly affected the most studied traits.

Dissecting the genetic basis of grain weight and size in common oat by genome-wide association study

Grain weight and size are critical traits that determine oat yield and quality yet our understanding of the genetic variability and molecular mechanisms underlying these characteristics in oat remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted an extensive study on 319 oat accessions, measuring four key grain size-related traits, including thousand grain weight (TGW), grain length (GL), grain width (GW), and grain perimeter (GP) across four field trials in Chengdu, Southwest China. Within in this panel, we uncovered highly heritable variation in the aforementioned grain trait. Modern cultivars displayed elevated mean values in TGW and GW, underscoring the impact of breeding on these traits. Hulless oats exhibited inferior grain characteristics compared to the de-hulled hulled oats. Genome-wide association study identified 18 loci that were significantly associated with these traits across multiple environments. Of them, three SNPs, S1A_17559296, S7D_305063624, and S1C_38047438 were associated with various traits. The superior alleles of these stable loci additively increased TGW and grain size, providing guidance for pyramiding breeding. Candidate genes associated with ubiquitin pathway, cell division and differentiation were identified for some of the associated SNPs. Further validation of these loci will help to understand their roles in the regulation of grain size.

Agromeliorative treatment of drained soils

The paper shows efficiency of volumetric slotting, methods of basic treatment and their combined effect on the performance of field crops and agrophysical properties of drained soils. The experiments were carried out at the Gubino experimental agro-polygon of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (VNIIMZ), located at the reclamation facility in the Tver region. The soils under experiment are cultivated soddy-podzolic, light loamy gleyic, formed on a thin binomial, drained by closed pottery drainage method. Volumetric slotting was carried out to a depth of 45–50 cm with filling the subarable part (30–50 cm) with crushed straw, plant residues mixed with a humus layer. The slotting was carried out with a specially designed tool. Slot width – 16 cm, slotting pitch – 140 cm. Efficiency of ridge plowing, volumetric slotting of the soil and their joint action has been determined. The yield of oats during ridge plowing increased by an average of 0.36 t/ha (12.0 %) over 5 years, in case of slotting – by 0.60 (20.0 %), in case of combined action – by 0.82 t/ha, or 27.0 %. The share of slotting in the total increase in yield on average over 5 years was 73.2 %, ridge plowing – 26.8 %. The positive effect of slotting on the yield of field crops during the experiment was observed for 6 years. The total increase in yield from volumetric soil slotting on oats for 5 years was 3.0 tons of grain per 1 ha, with combined action with ridge plowing – 4.1 tons of grain per 1 ha, or 36.7 % higher. The increase in the yield of oats, both with soil slotting and with ridge plowing, occurred due to an increase in the number of productive stems and the mass of grain in the panicle. With slotting, these indicators increased by 8.4 and 11.3 %, with ridge plowing – by 6.1 and 12.0 %. The results of the research can be used in the development of agro-reclamation tillage systems and in adaptive agricultural technologies for the cultivation of spring grain crops.