Oat Treatments Research Articles

Client preferences for the design and delivery of injectable opioid agonist treatment services: Results from a best-worst scaling task.

Clinical trials support injectable opioid agonist treatment (iOAT) for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) for whom other pharmacological management approaches are not well-suited. However, despite substantial research indicating that person-centered care improves engagement, retention and health outcomes for individuals with OUD, structural requirements (e.g. drug policies) often dictate how iOAT must be delivered, regardless of client preferences. This study aimed to quantify clients' iOAT delivery preferences to improve client engagement and retention. Cross-sectional preference elicitation survey. Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 124 current and former iOAT clients. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire package and an interviewer-led preference elicitation survey (case 2 best-worst scaling task). Latent class analysis was used to identify distinct preference groups and explore demographic differences between preference groups. Most participants (n = 100; 81%) were current iOAT clients. Latent class analysis identified two distinct groups of client preferences: (1) autonomous decision-makers (n = 73; 59%) and (2) shared decision-makers (n = 51; 41%). These groups had different preferences for how medication type and dosage were selected. Both groups prioritized access to take-home medication (i.e. carries), the ability to set their own schedule, receiving iOAT in a space they like and having other services available at iOAT clinics. Compared with shared decision-makers, fewer autonomous decision-makers identified as a cis-male/man and reported flexible preferences. Injectable opioid agonist treatment (iOAT) clients surveyed in Vancouver, Canada, appear to prefer greater autonomy than they currently have in choosing OAT medication type, dosage and treatment schedule.

Hubungan Efek Samping Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) dengan Kepatuhan Berobat Pada Pasien Tuberkulosis di Puskesmas Jongaya Makassar

Tuberculosis is a direct infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which mainly affects the lungs and is transmitted through airborne droplets or sputum from TB patients with positive BTA. The morbidity and mortality of tuberculosis is a serious problem, mainly due to the side effects of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (OAT). This study aims to determine the relationship between OAT side effects and treatment compliance of pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the Jongaya Makassar Health Center. This study used a cross-sectional approach with quantitative methods, involving 49 respondents selected using the Slovin formula. The research instruments were OAT side effects questionnaire and treatment compliance questionnaire, with data analysis conducted univariately and bivariately using Chi Square test. The results showed that most respondents experienced low side effects and had a high level of treatment compliance. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between OAT side effects and treatment compliance of tuberculosis patients at the Jongaya Makassar Health Center, where the lower the perceived side effects, the higher the level of treatment compliance.

Transcriptomic analysis of the response of Avena sativa to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DGL1.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DGL1, isolated from the arid sandy areas in Dagler, Qinghai Province, China, promotes the growth of Avena sativa variety "Qing Yan 1". To elucidate the transcriptomic changes in the oat root system following interaction with DGL1 and to reveal the molecular mechanism by which DGL1 promotes oat growth, treatment and control groups of oat roots at 2, 4, 8, and 12 h after inoculation with a suspension of strain DGL1 were analyzed using Illumina high-throughput transcriptome sequencing technology. The differentially expressed genes were determined through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, and the metabolic pathways and key genes were analyzed. The results showed that 7874, 13,392, 13,169, and 19,026 differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, amino acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and other related metabolic pathways in the oat roots at 2, 4, 8, and 12 h after inoculation with a DGL1 suspension. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the genes encoding plasma membrane ATPase, phosphoglycerate kinase gene PGK, ammonium transporter protein gene AMT, cellulose synthase gene CSLF6, and growth hormone response family gene IAA18 were significantly upregulated. It is hypothesized that the pro-growth mechanism of strain DGL1 in oats is the result of the coordination of multiple pathways through the promotion of oat energy metabolism, phytohormone signaling, secondary metabolite synthesis, and amino acid metabolism.

Impact of Environmental Conditions on the Concentrations of Trichothecenes, Their Glucosides, and Emerging Fusarium Toxins in Naturally Contaminated, Irradiated, and Fusarium langsethiae Inoculated Oats.

Trichothecenes produced by Fusarium species are commonly detected in oats. However, the ratios of the concentrations of free trichothecenes and their conjugates and how they are impacted by different interacting environmental conditions are not well documented. This study aims to examine the effect of water activity (0.95 and 0.98 aw) and temperature (20 and 25 °C) stress on the production of T-2 and HT-2 toxins, deoxynivalenol and their conjugates, as well as diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS). Multiple mycotoxins were detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry from 64 contaminated oat samples. The highest concentrations of HT-2-glucoside (HT-2-Glc) were observed at 0.98 aw and 20 °C, and were higher than other type A trichothecenes in the natural oats' treatments. However, no statistical differences were found between the mean concentrations of HT-2-Glc and HT-2 toxins in all storage conditions analysed. DAS concentrations were generally low and highest at 0.95 aw and 20 °C, while deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside levels were highest at 0.98 aw and 20 °C in the naturally contaminated oats. Emerging mycotoxins such as beauvericin, moniliformin, and enniatins mostly increased with a rise in water activity and temperature in the naturally contaminated oats treatment. This study reinforces the importance of storage aw and temperature conditions in the high risk of free and modified toxin contamination of small cereal grains.

PERBANDINGAN CD4 HIV –TB PARU SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH ARV DAN OAT

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a viral infectious disease that attacks the immune system or white blood cells (lymphocytes). HIV, which belongs to the Retroviridae family, is lymphatic, which can damage the specific immune system, namely T-helper lymphocytes or Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4). The CD4 count is normal when it is 500–1400 cells/mm3, which is usually the determinant of whether a patient is infected with HIV or not. Objective: This study aims to assess the comparison of CD4 counts in HIV-TB patients before and after ARV and OAT treatment at Dr. Pirngadi Medan City. Methods: Observational analysis research with a cross-sectional design was conducted at RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan City in September 2022. The sample for this study was 20 patient records from the medical records of RSUD Dr. Pirngadi, Medan City. The data were analyzed using an unpaired t-test. Results: The results of the study showed that the most HIV-TB pulmonary patients at RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan City were aged 36-45 years (50.0%). The majority of male patients (90.0%) and the domicile of most patients in Medan City are in the Medan Tembung sub-district (15.0%). The results of the unpaired t-test obtained a p-value of 0.022, meaning that there was a significant difference between the CD4 count before and after ARV and OAT treatment in HIV-TB patients at RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan City. Conclusion: There were significant differences in CD4 counts before and after ARV and OAT treatment in HIV patients with pulmonary TB co-infection at Dr. Pirngadi, Medan City. Keywords: HIV, HIV-TB pulmonary, CD4

Analysis of Potassium Levels in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Who Take Anti Tuberculosis Drugs

Pulmonary Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pulmonary Tuberculosis is treated with antituberculosis drugs, but these drugs can be toxic to the body and have side effects such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. These side effects can disrupt the body's fluid balance with the loss of potassium. The purpose of this study was to analyze the side effects of taking anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT) on potassium (K) electrolyte levels in Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients at UPT Puskesmas Perumnas 1. This study used a descriptive design with a cross sectional approach to describe or give an overview of electrolyte levels in Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients who took anti-tuberculosis drugs. The population in this study were 37 Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients, and the samples in this study were 26 Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients who were still on OAT treatment at UPT Puskesmas Perumnas 1. The potassium electrolyte examination method used in this study was the sodium tetraphenylboron method. From the results of the study, it was found that Lung Tuberculosis patients with normal potassium levels amounted to 8 people (30.8%) and Lung Tuberculosis patients who experienced hypokalemia amounted to 18 people (69.2%). The side effects felt from taking OAT were digestive disorders, namely diarrhea totaling 7 people (26.9%), nausea totaling 4 people (15.4%), and vomiting totaling 7 people (26.9%).

Plant growth regulators as an inhibitory factor of fusarium on oat culture in vitro and in vivo

The antioxidant defense system can be stimulated by growth regulators in plants when they are under stress, such as exposure to pathogens. There are a lot of natural growth regulators on the market, but no research has been carried out yet to determine how effective they are. This field and laboratory study examines the impact of two commonly used Russian growth regulators, Crezacin and Zircon, along with artificial infection with Fusarium culmorum on the antioxidant system of naked oat. The results show that, compared to the control, Crezacin-treated plants had higher contents of low molecular weight fructose and nonenzymatic antioxidants like proline, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Zircon-treated plants had a lower content of proline, carbohydrates, and lower total antioxidant activity than the control plants. The obtained data show that Crezacin treatment mainly affected nonenzymatic systems of the antioxidant defense. This treatment was more successful than the Zircon application, which did not show any appreciable effectiveness and was typically associated with an improvement in oat productivity. The treatment with growth regulators and a fungal suspension performed at the flowering phase provided the best effect on the biochemical parameters and productivity of naked oats. Moreover, oat treatment with the pathogen promoted the reproductive capabilities of the plants, while growth regulators helped in avoiding infectious stress.

Relationship between Side Effects of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs (ATDs) and Adherence to Medication in Elderly Patients with Tuberculosis

One of the obstacles to the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) patients is the sideeffects of anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATDs) which cause patients to be reluctant to continue the medication. The elderly experience various physical and physiological changes in the bodysystem, including susceptibility to drug side effects, decreased knowledge and memory,resulting in non-compliance with taking the medication. This study aims to determine therelationship between ATDs side effects and compliance with taking medication for elderlypatients at the Tanjung Selor Health Center, Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan Province.This study used a quantitative cross-sectional approach. The sample was taken by totalpopulation, namely elderly tuberculosis patients undergoing tuberculosis treatment as many as30 respondents. The research instrument was a questionnaire of drug side effects and ATDscompliance. Statistical test used Fisher's Exact. The results showed that most patients (76.7%)complained of OAT side effects and the rest without OAT side effects (23.3%). Treatmentcompliance was 20% compliant, and 80% were non-compliant. Fisher's Exact statistical testobtained p-value = 0.016 (< α = 0.05). It was concluded that there was a significant relationship between OAT side effects and treatment compliance in elderly patients with tuberculosis. Recommendations for health workers to give special attention to elderly patients with medication monitoring and compliance motivation. Future researchers should identify the involvement of family and health workers to monitor the side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Naked Oat and Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. Responses to Growth Regulator Effects.

The antioxidant defense system can be stimulated by growth regulators in plants when they are under stress, such as exposure to pathogens. There are a lot of natural growth regulators on the market, but no research has been carried out yet to determine how effective they are. This field and laboratory study examines the impact of two commonly used Russian growth regulators, Crezacin and Zircon, along with artificial infection with Fusarium culmorum on the antioxidant system of naked oat. The results show that, compared to the control, Crezacin-treated plants had higher contents of low molecular weight fructose and nonenzymatic antioxidants like proline, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Zircon-treated plants had a lower content of proline, carbohydrates, and lower total antioxidant activity than the control plants. The obtained data show that Crezacin treatment mainly affected nonenzymatic systems of the antioxidant defense. This treatment was more successful than the Zircon application, which did not show any appreciable effectiveness and was typically associated with an improvement in oat productivity. The treatment with growth regulators and a fungal suspension performed at the flowering phase provided the best effect on the biochemical parameters and productivity of naked oats. Moreover, oat treatment with the pathogen promoted the reproductive capabilities of the plants, while growth regulators helped in avoiding infectious stress.

Influence of fertilizer levels and wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) management on growth, yield and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivation

The present study was carried out at the Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the winter (rabi) season of 2015–16 and 2016–17, to investigate influence of fertilizer levels and different treatments of wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu.) management on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). There were 24 treatments and 3 replications with fertilizer (Levels-03) and wild oat (management -08) treatments as main and subplot treatments in split-plot design. Results of the 2 year study showed, higher grain yield (44.7 q/ha), straw yield (66.7 q/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.80) in recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) when compared 120% RDF (40.22 q/ha, 61.24 q/ha and 1.58 respectively). Weed-free (55.3 q/ha, 79.1 q/ha and 2.03) and pinoxaden @ 50 g/ha (54.8 q/ha, 78.6 q/ha and 2.18) being at par with each other resulted in higher grain and straw yields, whereas weedy check exhibited the least values. Clodinafop @ 60 g/ha recorded significantly higher grain, straw yield and benefit: cost (B:C) ratio than with sulfosulfuron @ 25 g/ha though it was significantly lower than the pinoxaden @ 50g/ha. Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg/ha and metribuzin @ 175 g/ha ensued statistically similar grain, straw yield and B : C ratio, followed by weedy check. The results also indicated that, fertilizers given in larger dosages only served to increase the weed population rather than wheat output. In the higher dosage of fertilizer, weeds becomes resistant to normal dosage of herbicides. Recommended dose of fertilizer along with suitable herbicide application or manual weeding could result in higher yield of wheat.

Are service crops an alternative for mitigating N2 O emissions in soybean crops in the Argentinian Pampas?

Service crops (or cover crops) play an important role in simplified agricultural systems. Service crops reduce agricultural external inputs and increase ecosystem services but their ability to mitigate nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions is still uncertain. The main objective of this study was to evaluate N2 O emissions in soybean-soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr) rotations that included different service crops. Treatments included continuous soybean with winter fallow and soybean with three service crops: oat (Avena sativa L.), vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), and a mixture of oat and vetch in a randomized complete block design. Service crops were sown 2 months after soybean harvest and were terminated 2 months before soybean planting. Nitrous oxide emissions were determined during the fourth year of the field experiment. We found that service crops did not significantly affect overall mean N2 O emission rates, with mean emission rates from the fallow, oat, vetch, and oat-vetch treatments of 1.82±0.35, 1.95±0.34, 2.71±0.43, and 2.42±0.42 kg N2 O-N ha-1 per year, respectively. Service crops with low C/N ratios (vetch and oat-vetch mixtures) significantly increased N2 O emissions in spring, after their termination. Overall, soil inorganic N content (NO3 - or NH4 + ) was the main driver that explained the N2 O emissions from different treatments, whereas water-filled pore space controlled the temporal variability of emissions. Our results suggest that service crops with a very short growing season may increase soil N availability for cash crops, but do not reduce N2 O emissions due to long periods of high N availability without crops.

O031 Independent validation of a physiology-based model to predict oral appliance treatment outcomes

Abstract Background Oral appliance therapy (OAT) is a well-tolerated treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, efficacy varies. On average, OAT reduces OSA severity by ~50% leaving a substantial proportion of OAT patients either undertreated or untreated. Thus, a major clinical priority is to develop clinically feasible prediction tools to accurately predict which patients will respond to OAT and vice versa. Accordingly, we developed a model to estimate OSA endotypes and have adapted it to predict OAT outcomes. Here we used our recently developed physiology-based OAT prediction model to predict OAT responses in an independent validation sample. Methods 91 people with OSA who were prescribed OAT by their treating physician had an in-laboratory diagnostic study followed by an OAT efficacy polysomnography after ≥4 weeks acclimatisation. 7 polysomnography variables from the diagnostic study plus age and body mass index were included in our machine learning based model designed to predict OAT response. Prediction performance characterises according to standard apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) definitions were assessed. Results Mean accuracy of the model to predict OAT responders vs. non-responders in this independent validation sample was high across different OSA treatment outcome definitions ranging from 70% (>50% reduction in AHI), 79% (AHI<10 events/h) to 95% (AHI<5 events/h). Corresponding specificity was also high at 87%, 97% and 99%, respectively. Discussion These new findings provide additional support for the use routinely collected sleep study and clinical data with machine learning based approaches underpinned by OSA endotype concepts to help predict OAT treatment outcomes for people with OSA.

Profile of Sputum Examination Results in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Patients

TB patients who do not adhere to OAT treatment can lead to resistance and become MDR-TB and add to the burden of TB management globally. TB control programs including microscopic sputum examination are important for diagnosis, evaluation, follow-up treatment, and follow-up. The results of the sputum examination used the IUATLD scale as an interpretation of the results and the reporting was negative, scanty, positive one, positive two, and positive three according to the number of TB germs found. The results of the sputum examination to determine the classification of the patient, the decision to start treatment, and the patient's recovery. At the step of treatment for MDR-TB patients, the results of sputum examination are an indicator to determine the success rate of treatment which is marked by the conversion of BTA. Research objectives is to determine the description of the results of sputum examination in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients at the Kendal District Health Center. Research methods is observational research with descriptive research criteria through a cross sectional approach. Respondents of the study were multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients from three health centers in Kendal district with the highest case prevalence. The study respondents were 7 MDR-TB patients. All study respondents, totaling 7 MDR-TB patients (100%), were included in the advanced step of treatment and showed negative sputum examination results. All study respondents (100%) showed that the results of microscopic sputum examination were negative, which means that BTA conversion occurred at the advanced treatment step.

Buprenorphine/naloxone and methadone effectiveness for reducing craving in individuals with prescription opioid use disorder: Exploratory results from an open-label, pragmatic randomized controlled trial

BackgroundCraving reduction is an important target in the treatment of prescription-type opioid use disorder (POUD). In this exploratory analysis, we compared the effectiveness of BUP/NX flexible model of care relative to methadone for craving reduction in individuals with POUD. MethodsWe analyzed data from a multicentric, pragmatic, 24-week open-label randomized controlled trial conducted in participants with POUD (N = 272) who were randomly assigned to BUP/NX model of care with flexible take-home dosing (n = 138) or the standard model of care with closely supervised methadone (n = 134). Treatments were prescribed and administered according to local guidelines, in diverse clinical settings. Craving was measured using the Brief Substance Craving Scale at baseline, week 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22. ResultsCravings decreased in both treatment groups over 22 weeks (BUP/NX adjusted mean difference = −5.52, 95% CI = −6.91 to −4.13; methadone adjusted mean difference = −3.95, 95% CI = −5.28 to −2.63; p < 0.001), and were overall lower in the BUP/NX group (adjusted mean = 4.04, 95% CI = 3.43–4.64) than the methadone group (adjusted mean = 5.13, 95% CI = 4.51–5.74; p < 0.001). The time by treatment group interaction (favoring BUP/NX) was statistically significant at week 2 (adjusted mean difference = −1.58, 95% CI = −3.13 to −0.03; p = 0.041). ConclusionsCompared to the standard methadone model of care, flexible take-home dosing of BUP/NX was associated with lower craving in individuals with POUD. These findings can contribute to guiding shared decision-making regarding OAT treatment in this population.

Development of Nutri-bar Using Quinoa

The study of Nutri-bar development was carried out at the Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara. The main objective of study was to develop a Nutri-bar which will provide enough energy and protein to the body and can be consume by celiac disease patients as well. Quinoa Nutri-bars was developed using quinoa and whey protein concentrate, oats, date paste, honey, nuts, psyllium husk. Dry heat treatments were given to quinoa and oat prior to use in preparation of Nutri-bar. Significant variations were found after heat treatment of quinoa and oats among all the physico-chemical parameters of grain, but ash content showed a non-significant variation. Four different formulations were developed with different concentration of date paste (40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) and whey protein (0%, 5%, 7%, 10%). Nutri-bar with F4 formulation with 100% date paste and 10% of whey protein was found to be the best on the basis of sensory evaluation like taste, texture, color, mouth feel, and overall acceptability. Selected Nutri-bar was assessed for physico-chemical parameters, microbiological and sensory characteristic. The selected Nutri-bar had 7.525% moisture content, 2.35% ash content, 16.63% protein content, 14.63% fat content, 277.16% carbohydrate content and provided 475.35Kcal. It can be concluded from the results that Nutri-bars are good source protein and energy and can be consumed when a meal has been missed as well as it can be consumed by malnourished and school children.

Case Series: Various Radiologic Findings of Peritoneal Tuberculosis Mimicking Malignancy and Pathological Confirmation

Background: PTB is the common case found in many endemic countries. The misdiagnosis of PTB is often happening because it mimics malignancy and is difficult to distinguish from another infection. Cases Presentation: Here presented three PTB cases, a male 23 years old, and two female patients 16 and 32 years old, respectively. The patients were initially suspected of intra-abdominal malignancy and finally confirmed as PTB after CT Scan and pathological examination. After several months of OAT treatment, the patient improved then the complaints are decreased. Conclusion: PTB is a disease that closely resembles a malignancy such as peritoneal carcinomatosis, and is difficult to distinguish from another infection. An adequate understanding of PTB characteristics on CT scans will be very helpful in establishing the diagnosis of these cases

Single and multispecies dual‐purpose cover crop productivity, nutritive value, and profitability

AbstractReplacing long fallow periods with dual‐purpose forage cover crops increases productivity and profitability of dryland crop rotations. However, little information is available on specific forage cover crops mixtures that optimizes productivity, nutritive value, and profitability. The objective of this research was to quantify forage productivity, nutritive value, and profitability of spring‐planted single or mixed species cover crops in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]–fallow (WSF) crop rotation. This study was conducted from 2015 to 2017 at the Kansas State University Hearting Beason Ranch near Brownell, KS. The experimental design was a split‐plot randomized complete block with four replications. The main plots were three crop phases of the WSF rotation (wheat–sorghum–fallow, sorghum–fallow–wheat, and fallow–wheat–sorghum), and subplots were five spring‐planted cover crop treatments: (a) spring oat (Avena sativa L.), (b) spring triticale [×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus (Secale × Triticum)], (c) oat and triticale mixture (OT, two‐species mixture), (d) oat, triticale, and pea (Pisum sativum L.) (OTP, three‐species mixture), and (e) oat, triticale, pea, radish (Raphanus sativus L.), turnips (Brassica campestris L.), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) (six‐species mixture). Results showed that cover crop forage accumulation was 33–35% greater in sole triticale and OT mixture compared with sole spring oat or cocktail treatments. Multispecies mixtures, cocktail and OTP cover crops, had significantly greater available energy, digestibility, and dry matter intake based on measured crude protein, acid and netural detergent fiber, and in vitro dry matter digestibility compared with single species (oat or triticale). Net return was US$100 ha–1 greater for the OT treatment compared with the multispecies mixtures. We concluded that greater productivity and net return, along with adequate nutritive value, from sole triticale and OT mixture made them better dual‐purpose forage cover crop alternatives.

Cover Crop Effects on Cash Crops in Northern Great Plains No-till Systems Are Annually Variable and Possibly Delayed

ABSTRACT Cover crop adoption in conventional no-tillage corn/soybean production systems has been limited due to the lack of specific information regarding the impact of cover crops on cash crop performance. Within a no-till small grain/cover crop-corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation in eastern South Dakota, we evaluated the impact of fall-planted forage oat (Avena sativa L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), winter canola (Brassica napus L.), and a combination of all three compared to a no cover crop treatment on soil nutrient dynamics, biomass, nutrient uptake, and grain yield of the immediatelyfollowing corn crop. At site-year 1, where cover crop growth was most consistent, corn yield was significantly higher with oat, vetch, and a combination of all three cover crops compared to the no cover crop treatment. At site-year 2, corn yields were equivalent among treatments except the combination treatment which was significantly lower. At site-year 3, corn yields in the canola and oat treatments were equivalent to no cover crop, while corn yields with vetch and the combination treatments were lower. Corn biomass and nutrient uptake responded to treatments similarly to corn yields. For site-years 1 and 2, some cover crop treatments resulted in modest, but significant increases in soil N during spring. For site-year 3, the combination treatment immobilized N during the corn vegetative growth phase but released N during the reproductive phase. Cover crop treatments had little effect on plant-available soil P. However, soybean yields two years following cover crop treatments were higher for all three site years with cover crops compared to no cover crop, with this difference significant in two of the three site-years. Immediate effects of cover crops on the following cash crop under no-till were variable and depend on both fall and spring cover crop biomass, which in turn are dependent on the amount and timing of precipitation and temperature patterns. Cover crops in no-till systems may produce more consistent but possibly delayed benefits by boosting yields of cash crops in later years as cover crop residues decompose.

Protective Effects of A. sativa against Oxidative Stress-Induced Liver Damage in Ovariectomized Mice

Postmenopausal women express great failure in their ovarian hormone production, especially estrogen. This deficiency may promote hypercholesterolemia and accelerate the redox imbalance. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Avena sativa against estrogen deficiency-induced liver and uterus oxidative injury in experimental ovariectomized mice. Female mice were randomly divided into five groups: group one (negative control) received normal diet and distilled water (C), group two (positive control) received daily enriched diet with oat grains and was kept on tap distilled water at a dose of 200 mg kg−1 d−1 (A), group three (ovariectomized mice) was nontreated fed with normal diet (O), group four includes ovariectomized mice treated daily with estradiol given by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 100 μg kg−1 d−1 (OE), and the fifth group also includes ovariectomized mice which received enriched diet with oat grain parts with the same dose given to group two. The treatment period lasted two consecutive months. Both oat and hormonal treatments of ovariectomized groups resulted in a significant reduction in triglycerides and total cholesterol and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in the plasma after 21 and 60 days of treatment. Besides, the coadministration of A. sativa has decreased the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and increased transaminase activities after 21 and 60 days of treatment. On the other hand, this cereal has restored the enzymatic (SOD, CAT, and GPx) and nonenzymatic antioxidant activities (GSH) as well as the elevated thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (AOPP and PCO) to near-normal values. The beneficial effects of this cereal were confirmed by a histological study of the liver and uterus of all previous cited groups. Our finding emphasized the antioxidant and antilipidemic effect of oat grain part, suggesting the use of this cereal in the prevention of liver and uterus diseases that occurred in postmenopausal women.

Production of value-added broiler nugget enriched with dietary fiber from oat meal

An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of oat meal as a source of dietary fiber to formulate enriched broiler nugget. For this purpose, nuggets were prepared into four different groups such as treatment 1: 10% wheat flour nugget, treatment 2: 20% wheat flour nugget, treatment 3:10% oat meal nugget and treatment 4: 20% Oat meal nugget. All parameters were analyzed at 0, 15th and 30th days of storage period. The proximate composition of different nuggets batter was analyzed and highly significant differences were found in dry matter (%) and pH. Dry matter was lower, while pH was higher in control nugget (Treatment 1). Significant differences were found in crude protein (%), ether extract (%) among different nuggets, as well as among different storage time. Significantly higher DM (%), Ash (%) and EE (%) was found in broiler meat with 20% oat meal, while higher crude protein (%) were found in broiler meat+10% wheat flour. Crude protein (%) and DM (%) increased, while Ash (%) and EE (%) decreased with increase of storage time. The storage period had significant effect on different biochemical (FFA, POV and TBARS value) and microbial (TVC, TCC and TYMC) tests. In all cases, the values were increased with increase of storage time. The surface color (CIE L*, a*, b*) of nuggets of different treatments at different storage period were measured. No significant differences in b* value were found among broiler meat nuggets and storage time. On the other hand, different types of nuggets and storage period had a significant effect on L* and a* value. Significantly higher a* value was found in broiler meat with 10% wheat flour (T1). In sensory analysis, no significant differences were found in flavor, off-flavor, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability among four types of sausages. It could be concluded that addition of oat meal as a source of dietary fiber did not differ the overall acceptability of broiler meat nuggets compare to broiler meat nuggets with wheat flour.&#x0D; Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2020. 49 (1): 71-82