Cockatiels Research Articles

Reproductive Success of Hand-Reared vs. Parent-Reared Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)

Abstract We studied the influence of early rearing experience on the reproductive success of Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) by force-pairing somatically mature birds that had been either hand-reared (H) or parent-reared (P) from hatch to 6 weeks of age. Pairs of H-males and H-females, H-males and P-females, P-males and P-females, or P-males and H-females were encouraged to breed by providing nest-boxes and exposing pairs to a sexually stimulatory environment. Hand-rearing produced gender-specific effects that greatly affected reproductive success. Pairs containing H-females were more likely to lay eggs and laid more eggs than pairs with P-females but often laid them on the cage floor rather than in nest-boxes, reducing hatching success. Pairs containing H-males were less likely than pairs with P-males to produce fertile eggs, inspect nest-boxes, or lay eggs in nest-boxes. Fledging occurred only in pairs containing P-males. Early rearing experience is important for males to learn characteristics of the opposite sex, and for males and females to learn characteristics of nest-sites.

Feeding Ecology of the Cockatiel, Nymphicus-Hollandicus, in a Grain-Growing Area

The feeding ecology of the cockatiel Nymphicus hollandicus was studied in a grain-growing district near Moree, in northern New South Wales, between August 1980 and June 1982, by direct observations and monthly collections of birds in feeding flocks. Cockatiels fed from the ground, on fallen seed or by felling stems, and, when feeding on sorghum and sunflowers, while perched on the seed heads. The mean size of a feeding flock was 27; large flocks of more than 100 birds were formed only during periods of limited food supply. Cockatiels showed a clear preference for sorghum over sunflowers, and when on cereals they appeared to prefer softer, younger seed to harder, mature seed. Overall they fed on 29 seed types, including four grain-crops, 17 grasses and eight non-grass ground plants. Sorghum was by far the most important food item, making up almost 60% of total crop contents; sunflower made up only 6% of crop contents, and grasses 19.3%; 90% of this last was contributed by Phalarisparadoxa and Setar~a sp. Some management implications, based on apparent food preferences, are discussed.

Food and Water Interrelations and the Protein Requirement for Growth of an Altricial Bird, the Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)

Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) chicks were hand-fed diets diluted to various levels of solids to determine the optimum ratio of solids to water for survival and growth. In later experiments protein levels in the solid portion of the diet were varied to determine the protein requirement for growth. Cockatiels survived and grew well when hand-fed a diet of 7% solids during the first 4 d after hatching, followed by 30% solids until 28 d of age. The solid portion of this diet contained 20% isolated soybean protein, methionine, cornstarch, vitamins and minerals. When chicks were fed 10% solids from hatch, growth rates were one-third to one-half those of chicks fed 20 or 30% solids; by 23 d most chicks fed 10% solids had died, with survivors being permanently stunted. By 3–5 d before death, crop emptying ceased, yet chicks appeared hungry. Chicks fed 20 or 30% solids from hatching grew well after an initial 3-d period of some mortality. The water needed by cockatiel chicks decreased during the first 4 d posthatching; thereafter, diets containing 90% water or more were harmful. Groups of chicks fed diets ranging from 5 to 35% protein of the solids exhibited wide differences in growth, with 20% protein being the lowest level that permitted maximal growth.

Egg Shape Within the Australian Psittaciformes with Comments on Eggs of Nymphicus Hollandicus

"Egg Shape Within the Australian Psittaciformes with Comments on Eggs of Nymphicus Hollandicus." Emu - Austral Ornithology, 84(1), pp. 36–37

Biochemical Systematics of the Australian Cockatoos (Psittaciformes: Cacatuinae)

The genetic and evolutionary relationships of the Australian cockatoos (excluding Probosciger) and of the cockatiel, Nymphicus hollandicus, were examined by the technique of isozyme electrophoresis. A cladistic analysis of data from 28 loci showed that Nymphicus is more closely related to cockatoos than to any ofthe non-cockatoos; accordingly Nymphicus should be included within the Cacatuinae, but in a monotypic tribe. The other genera form two well defined groupings. One comprises all of the white cockatoos (Cacatua) and the gang gang Callocephalon fimbriatum, and the other, the black cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus). Within the white cacatuine cockatoos there seem to be at least two minor groups. One, clearly indicated by the electrophoretic data, comprises the galah Cacatua roseicapilla and Australo-Papuan corellas, all of which have short plain crests and usually coloured periophthalmic skin. The other, neither denied nor confirmed biochemically, is a looser assemblage characterized by coloured up-curving crests and plain periophthalmic skin; it included the sulphur-crested cockatoo Cacatua galerita and the pink cockatoo Cacatua leadbeateri, and their allospecies on islands north of Australia. Isozyme electrophoresis of the loci examined in this study could not differentiate members of the Calyptorhynchus funereus superspecies, nor of the Cacatua tenuirostris-pastinator group of corellas. The results are therefore in accord with other studies that show that isozyme electrophoresis has limited application in elucidating species boundaries in birds.

Some ornithological results of Cook's third voyage

oceanic species and of those five one was a duck and three were land birds which were collected when they flew aboard the Endeavour at sea. Some bird specimens from the voyage did find their way back to England but available evidence indicates that the number of such specimens was by no means significant. It seems that the first published descriptions of only four species, viz. Trichoglossus moluccanus (Gmelin, 1788), Calyptorhynchus banksii (Latham, 1790), and Nymphicus hollandicus (Kerr, 1792), all from Australia, and Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae (Gmelin, 1788) from New Zealand, were based on first voyage specimens taken back to England. In addition, Parkinson (who was employed by Banks primarily as a botanical draughtsman) left thirty-five paintings of birds met with on the voyage, one of which (folio 13 of Pelagodroma marina marina (Latham, 1790)), is the type of the species depicted. These and other bird paintings from Cook's three voyages are identified and described in Lysaght's most valuable work (1959) on the bird paintings in the Library of Sir Joseph Banks. The naturalists on Cook's second voyage made a much more significant contribution to the ornithology of the regions visited. Anders Sparrman later published the descriptions of several new species from second voyage specimens several of which still survive. Unfortunately for J. R. Forster his detailed and accurate descriptions of newly-discovered bird species were not published until many years later. In the meantime most of the species he referred to had been validly described by Gmelin from Latham's descriptions based on specimens many of which must have been taken back to England on the second voyage ships. Several of these specimens still survive. The elder Forster's descriptions were most ably supplemented by invaluable paintings by his son, several of which now have type status, which, together with other second voyage bird paintings by an unknown artist, have also been identified by Lysaght. A further most significant addition to available materials relating to second voyage ornithology will be the forthcoming Hakluyt Society publication of J. R. Forster's Resolution journal, edited by Dr Michael E. Hoare, which contains numerous valuable ornithological observations.

A case of polytetrafluoroethylene poisoning in cockatiels accompanied by polymer fume fever in the owner.

Five cocatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) died within 30 minutes following exposure to fumes from a frying pan coated with the "non-stick" plastic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) that had accidentally overheated. Within an hour the owner developed symptoms of "polymer fume fever" but recovered in the next 24 hours. Clinical signs and post mortem lesions of the cockatiels are described and reference is made to the unusual susceptibility of parakeets to the pyrolysis products of frying pans coated with PTFE.

Comments on the Taxonomic Position of the Cockatiel

SUMMARYCourtney, J. 1974. Comments on the taxonomic position of the Cockatiel. Emu 74: 97–102.Some aspects of the behaviour and physical characteristics of the Cockatiel Nymphicus hollandicus were examined in an attempt to clarify the taxonomic position of the species. The evidence suggests that the Cockatiel is a cockatoo and links that group with most other Australian parrots.

Metabolism in normal and pancreatectomized dogs during steady-state exercise.

ARTICLESMetabolism in normal and pancreatectomized dogs during steady-state exerciseB Issekutz Jr, P Paul, and HI MillerB Issekutz Jr, P Paul, and HI MillerPublished Online:01 Oct 1967https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1967.213.4.857MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByLean, mean, lipolytic machines: lipid mobilization in rainbow trout during graded swimming1 January 2017 | Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 218The metabolic power requirements of flight and estimations of flight muscle efficiency in the cockatiel ( Nymphicus hollandicus )Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 213, No. 16In vivo regulation of rainbow trout lipolysis by catecholaminesJournal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 211, No. 15The Endocrine System: Metabolic Effects of the Pancreatic, Adrenal, Thyroidal, and Growth HormonesInteraction of exercise and insulin action in humansD. H. Wasserman, R. J. Geer, D. E. Rice, D. Bracy, P. J. Flakoll, L. L. Brown, J. O. Hill, and N. N. Abumrad1 January 1991 | American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 260, No. 1Fuel homeostasis in the harbor seal during submerged swimmingJournal of Comparative Physiology B, Vol. 160, No. 6Determination of individual long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters in heart and skeletal muscleLipids, Vol. 23, No. 5Effect of Exercise on Fuel Utilization and Insulin RequirementsPigeon flight in a wind tunnelJournal of Comparative Physiology B, Vol. 157, No. 1Interaction between insulin and counterregulatory hormones in control of substrate utilization in health and diabetes during exerciseDiabetes / Metabolism Reviews, Vol. 1, No. 4Lactate:Glycolytic End Product and Oxidative Substrate During Sustained Exercise in Mammals — The “Lactate Shuttle”Gas Exchange and Energy Cost of Flight in the White-Necked Raven, Corvus Cryptoleucus1 March 1983 | Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 103, No. 1Utilization of long-chain free fatty acids in white and red muscle of ratsBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism, Vol. 710, No. 2The fate of a glucose infusion in fasting and fed guinea pigs: Glucose oxidation rates and the distribution of glucose in liver, muscle, and adipose tissueJournal of Surgical Research, Vol. 29, No. 2The Energetics of MigrationPhysiological characteristics of skeletal muscles of dogs and catsL. C. Maxwell, J. K. Barclay, D. E. Mohrman, and J. A. Faulkner1 July 1977 | American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, Vol. 233, No. 1Effects of Long Lasting Physical Exercise and Training on Lipid MetabolismMetabolic and hormonal effects of exercise in the severely streptozotocin-diabetic ratDiabetologia, Vol. 10, No. 4The Physiology and Energetics of Bat Flight1 October 1972 | Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 57, No. 2Work and metabolic patterns of fast and slow twitch skeletal muscle contractingin situPfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 334, No. 4Plasma Insulin Levels During Prolonged ExerciseUptake and Oxidation of Substrates in the Intact Animal During ExerciseGlucose Uptake at Rest and During Contraction in Isolated Dog Skeletal Muscle 1Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 81, No. 1Energy expenditure for free flight by the purple martin (Progne subis)Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Vol. 35, No. 3Inhibition of Free Fatty Acid Oxidation by Acetoacetate in Normal DogsEuropean Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol. 1, No. 3Effets D'un Exercice Musculaire Continu (Nage Forcee) Sur La Glycemie Et Le Taux Plasmatique Des Acides Gras Libres, De L'insuline Et De La Corticosterone Chez Le Rat27 September 2008 | Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie, Vol. 77, No. 4 More from this issue > Volume 213Issue 4October 1967Pages 857-862 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1967 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1967.213.4.857PubMed6051181History Published online 1 October 1967 Published in print 1 October 1967 Metrics