Nylon Rope Research Articles

To study of Life Time Prediction of Nylon Rope using Aging Property, Thermal Behavior and Physical Properties’

This work aim is To study of Life Time Prediction of Nylon Rope using Aging Property, Thermal Behavior and Physical Properties In This work taking nylon rope experimental test were performed in ASTM D3045 standard for breaking strength. firstly in this project the nylon rope samples are keep in heat aging oven at 70c temperature for 0,1,3,6,12,23 weeks. after the completion, test the material in universal testing machine for breaking strength In the present investigation the Breaking Strength, was determined as a function of time with the constant exposure to the plastic product at 70°C for 23 week. The sample was initially determined the properties and considered as 0 days sample or base property of the material. The sample was drawn in the interval of B1,3,6,12,23 Weeks. The regression analysis was conducted on the test data and the prediction of the life span of the products was made as per ASTM. Use the regression equation to determine the exposure time necessary to produce a predetermined level of property change. An acceptable regression equation must have an r of at least 80

Practical disinfection chemicals for fishing and crayfishing gear against crayfish plague transfer

We tested four commercial disinfectants against crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci ) spores in both aquatic solutions and with material mimicking fishing and crayfishing gear, e.g. traps, ropes, mesh, etc. The tested disinfectants were Proxitane®5:14, Proxitane®12:20, Wofasteril®E400, Virkon®S and hydrogen peroxide. The effects of the chemicals were initially tested in liquid zoospore cultures and the effective concentrations were then further tested using clean and dirty model materials (PP sheet, nylon rope, cotton fabric) contaminated with A. astaci spore solutions. The disinfectants effective against infective crayfish plague spores with both clean and dirty model materials were Proxinate®5:14 (effective concentration was 30 mg·L-1 of PAA) and Virkon®S (3 g·L-1 ), while Proxinate®12:20 (10 mg·L-1 of PAA) and Wofasteril®E400 (30 mg·L-1 of PAA) worked only with clean model materials. Hydrogen peroxide was not effective in the tested concentrations and conditions. Based on the results, the disinfectants most suitable for the fishing and crayfishing gear disinfection would be Proxitane®5:14 and Virkon®S, with the condition that all the gear should be thoroughly cleaned of organic matter to ensure inactivation of A. astaci spores.

Management of Muzzle tear in an Ongole bullock

Nose injuries are more common in drought animals especially where as nylon rope was used compared with cotton rope. Prognosis is favorable in cases with early surgical correction and controlled muzzle movement

An all-silicone zoom lens in an optical imaging system

An all-silicone zoom lens is fabricated. A tunable metal ringer is fettered around the side edge of the lens. A nylon rope linking a motor is tied, encircling the notch in the metal ringer. While the motor is operating, the rope can shrink or release to change the focal length of the lens. A calculation method is developed to obtain the focal length and the zoom ratio. The testing is carried out in succession. The testing values are compared with the calculated ones, and they tally with each other well. Finally, the imaging performance of the all-silicone lens is demonstrated. The all-silicone lens has potential uses in cellphone cameras, notebook cameras, micro monitor lenses, etc.

Multifactorial analysis of hanging deaths

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze hanging deaths occurring in Imphal in relation to several factors associated with such deaths. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 35 cases of hanging deaths brought for an autopsy to the mortuary of Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal. Factors associated with these deaths and post-mortem findings were recorded and statistically analyzed. Observation: It was observed that the most vulnerable age group was 21-30 years in both sexes. Nearly, 51.42% of the cases belonged to the lower socio-economic group; and the majority of the female victims were house wives (34.29%) who were going through marital disharmony. 82.86% of suicides by hanging occurred indoors and the bedroom was the preferred site in 18 cases (51.42%). The commonly used ligature materials were means which were easily available to the victim viz. nylon rope, chunni, etc. Petechial hemorrhage on the face and eyes were observed in partial hanging cases only. Conclusion: The findings of the present study will help in highlighting the prevailing scenario of hanging deaths in this state.

Foreign body impaction in a captive Sambar Rusa unicolor

Introduction mucus membrance and capillary refill time were within normal limits. No abnormalities were found on Foreign body impaction of the rumen induced by ausculatation of the cardiovascular and respiratory environmental pollution is fast becoming a major system. Peripheral lymph node enlargement was not global problem in ruminants in most parts of the world palpable. The animal had normal cutaneous sensation [1,2]. The foreign body materials are eaten by the of the limbs and intact sensory perceptions. The blood animals whenever there is scarcity of feed. This type of was collected from jugular vein in 10 ml EDTA vial. behavior is reported in ruminants particularly cattle [3]. Blood was screened microbiologically while blood and Ruminal impaction due to indigestible foreign fecal samples were screened for haemoprotozoans, materials is hardly reported in small ruminants or wild complete blood count and endoparasites. ruminants as they tend to be selective feeders [4]. These indigestible materials when ingested by ruminants Results and Discussion gets lodged in the rumen thereby compromising the Haematological examination revealed hemoglobin ruminal space and interfering with the normal count was 8.6 g/dl, packed cell volume 29 %, total physiological functions of the rumen thereby leading to 9 erythrocyte count 7.4 X 10 /L, differential leucocyte weight loss and death of the animal. The impaction of 9 count 6.9 x10 /L, N 42%, L 57 %, M 0%, E 1%, B 0 %. rumen results from the accumulation of the indigestible Hematological examination showed a decrease in RBC materials leading to distension of the rumen and count, haematocrit and haemoglobin content. No passing of scanty or no feces [5]. We report here an evidence of any microbial involvement was found on unusual case of ruminal impaction due to indigestible blood culture. The blood of the animal was also foreign body in a sambar stag (Rusa unicolor). negative for any haemoprotozoan parasites while the Case History feces turned out to be negative for endoparasites. As no specific symptoms were noticed in the animal except A captive 12 years old sambar stag (Rusa unicolor) low haemoglobin and low packed cell volume count was presented with history of wasting, lagging behind during grazing, gradual inappetance along with rough suggesting anemia, the animal was symptomatically hair coat for the last 15 days. No others signs or treated for anemia and inappetance. The treatment of symptoms were shown by the affected animal. The the animal was started with liver tonics, haematinics animal had been reared in an open enclosure in and multivitamin on alternate days for 3 occasions. captivity in the Zoological Garden in Dhauladhar However, no improvement was seen in the condition of Nature Park along with a group of 38 sambars of the animal and the animal died after 15 days. The different age groups. The routine diet of the animal carcass of the animal was found to be emaciated with consisted of black gram, wheat bran, crushed maize, sunken eyes and rough hair coat. groundnut cake, salt, dry and green grass and animals A full postmortem examination immediately were routinely dewormed as per schedule. following death demonstrated no gross anatomic abnormalities. No notable macroscopic pathology was Methodology evident on vital organs aside from severe congestion The sambar was examined after immobilizing it and haemorrhages (Fig.1) on the ruminal wall with by using a ketamine-xylazine combination ketamine stunted ruminal papillae. On further dissection of hydrochloride (Ketamil®) @ 5 mg/kg body weight; rumen, there was accumulation of plastic gunny bags and xylazine hydrochloride (Xylazil®), 0.25 mg/kg and nylon rope weighing about 4.5 kg impregnated body weight. The dose rate of the anaesthesia was with soil partially occluding the ruminoreticular calculated on the basis of estimation of species specific openings of the rumen (Fig 2) and foreign body like weight of the animal. The mean rectal temperature, nails and pebbles and sands in reticulum (Fig.3). Based heart rate/minute and respiration rate/minute were on the above observations and the absence of any o recorded as 101.8 F, 68 and 22 respectively. The pathological changes, except the presence of foreign sambar was thin and weighed about 138 kgs. The body in the rumen, we believe that the animal died due

Modulus Packaging Design of the Cylindrical Ceramic Furnishings

Packaging design for the typical characteristics of cylindrical ceramic furnishings selects the acrylic and MDF as hoarding material, and uses the 32mm system modular to design structure of hoardings, we meet the needs of different sizes of ceramic furnishings by connections of the hoardings in any combination, and also have taken the cellular edge length of 20mm honeycomb paperboard where a cushioning material and box hoardings are used as secondary recovery into account. The results show that the selection which uses the nylon rope whose diameter is 5mm as the connection of the box works better.

Development of surface tension-driven microboats and microflotillas

Surface tension gradients may induce the motions of a floating solid fragment. This mechanism has been employed to drive miniaturized objects on a water surface. These objects could function, for example, as rotators. In the meanwhile, based on such a mechanism, we have recently developed microboats and microflotillas, and explored their movements on water surfaces. Isopropyl alcohol was adopted as the propellant. It had a surface tension much lower than water. Once the IPA exited the reservoir of a microboat or a microflotilla, the force induced by the difference between fore-and-aft surface tensions propelled the corresponding locomotive forwards. This article gives a simple review of the results that we have achieved to date, including exploration of SU-8 microboats, development of SU-8 microflotillas, and determination of driving mechanisms of these microboats and microflotillas. Two types of SU-8 microboats were developed, and their designs, fabrication and propulsion were explored. The first type of microboats did not have side rudders. They were capable of moving along their longitudinal directions. We considered the movements of this type of SU-8 boats in both horizontal and vertical planes. The second type of microboats had side rudders, which enabled these microboats to have radial motions. By varying the lengths of the side rudders, we were able to have a good control of the radial motions. To have more storage space, we further developed microflotillas, which each consisted of five SU-8 microboats that were linked with a Nylon rope. We explored design, fabrication and propulsion of these microflotillas, as well as their motions in both straight and circular channels. The developed boats and flotillas were capable of moving on water surfaces at speeds of order 0.1 m/s. Finally, we performed in situ observation of exchange processes of water and IPA inside the reservoir of a cm-scaled PDMS boat. Based on this observation, we interpreted driving mechanisms of the microboats and microflotillas. Existing approaches mainly use stationary devices for material supply and sensing detection. Compared with these devices, the developed boats and flotillas are mobile. This enables these miniaturized vehicles to actively deliver materials and sensors on demand for microfluidic applications.

Motor Vehicle–Assisted Ligature Strangulation Causing Complete Decapitation

The victim, a 63-year-old prosperous businessman from Labasa, of the Northern Island (Vanua Levu) of Fiji Islands, was found completely decapitated in the early hours of morning in 2004. Initial police investigation did not reveal any history of any medical or family calamity. Further inquiry by the police revealed that on the previous day the deceased had visited all his friends and relatives, and his behavior was not out of the ordinary. The police suspected it to be a case of homicide. On visit to the scene, a completely decapitated body was found in a van on a downhill road. Tire marks were found on the road. A nylon rope was used for ligature strangulation. At autopsy, the decapitation wound of the head and the torso articulated well. The face was congested, and there was tongue bite. Wound margins were clear-cut, with well-demarcated abrasion and multiple imprints of the nylon rope on the neck. The upper one third of the larynx was attached to the head. No other injuries were found on the body. From the findings, it was obvious that asphyxiation was involved in the death before decapitation.

An Uncommon Suicide Method: Self-Strangulation

The suicide act of self-strangulation must be distinguished from homicide, which needs objective scene investigation, autopsy and anamnesis in order to elucidate the manner of death. A 54-year-old man was found dead in public hospital small mosque. There was one nylon rope around his neck, tied together with a knot in the front, under the chin, and rope continuing tightly to right ankle supported by the jacket bandaged around right ankle for preventing the sliding of the rope was detected. A proper medico-legal evaluation of the crime scene and postmortem examination with systematical inspection are of great importance in such cases.

A SIMPLE METHOD FOR ISOLATING FILAMENTS AS "ALGAL SEED STOCK" FROM MONOSTROMA LATISSIMUM (CHLOROPHYTA) GERMLINGS, AND APPLICATION FOR MASS CULTIVATION(1).

Germlings were grown from Monostroma latissimum Wittr. reproductive cells on nylon ropes. Holdfast threads and some uniseriate filaments were observed to have penetrated the fibers of the dispersed ropes. The algal filaments were easily isolated and prepared for cultivation, in comparison to the methods of enzymatically isolated algal protoplasts. Under low light (60-100 μmol photons · m(-2) · s(-1) ), the algal filaments grew to form a filamentous mass. When cultivated under stronger light (300-600 μmol photons · m(-2) · s(-1) ), they grew to initially form tubular thalli and then, when cultivated under light intensities >700 μmol photons · m(-2) · s(-1) , formed foliaceous thalli. Consequently, the filaments were homogenized into small sections and then sewed on the nylon rope for algal mass cultivation. Under high-intensity natural light, they grew to form leafy thalli.

Sampling High-Altitude and Stratified Mating Flights of Red Imported Fire Ant

With the exception of an airplane equipped with nets, no method has been developed that successfully samples red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, sexuals in mating/dispersal flights throughout their potential altitudinal trajectories. We developed and tested a method for sampling queens and males during mating flights at altitudinal intervals reaching as high as "140 m. Our trapping system uses an electric winch and a 1.2-m spindle bolted to a swiveling platform. The winch dispenses up to 183 m of Kevlar-core, nylon rope and the spindle stores 10 panels (0.9 by 4.6 m each) of nylon tulle impregnated with Tangle-Trap. The panels can be attached to the rope at various intervals and hoisted into the air by using a 3-m-diameter, helium-filled balloon. Raising or lowering all 10 panels takes approximately 15-20 min. This trap also should be useful for altitudinal sampling of other insects of medical importance.

Aerobic, Anaerobic, And Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption Energy Expenditure Of Rope Training

Rope training has emerged in many fitness centers as a popular group fitness activity. Rope training consists of an individual waving 30-50 feet of rope as fast as they can for 15-30 seconds. To date, no studies have examined the energy expenditure (EE) of rope training. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the aerobic, anaerobic, and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) EE from an acute bout of 10 minutes of rope training. METHODS: A total of 11 physically active participants (5 male, 6 female, mean age 24.7 ± 1.9 years) were recruited for this study. Participants were instructed to not exercise on the day of testing and to fast at least 4 hours prior to testing. All participants used a nylon rope (50 feet, 36 pounds, 1.5 inches) anchored by a post, resulting in the participant holding 25 feet of rope in each hand. The 10 minute rope protocol consisted of 15 seconds of vertical double arm waves followed by 45 seconds of rest, for 10 repetitions. Heart rate, resting VO2, exercise VO2, and EPOC were measured via metabolic cart. VO2 was recorded until 2 consecutive measurements were within ± 5% of resting O2 uptake, with the post-exercise VO2 used to calculate EPOC. Anaerobic EE was determined from the difference between peak and resting blood lactate measures, multiplied by body weight, then by 3.0 ml of O2. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was calculated by summing aerobic, anaerobic, and EPOC EE. RESULTS: The average heart rate for the workout was 162.5 ± 10.8 bpm (83% of age predicted max). Aerobic EE was 86.6 ± 30.7 kcal. Anaerobic EE was 12.2 ± 3.4 kcal. EE attributed to EPOC was 12.9 ± 5.3 kcal. TEE was 111.7 ± 38.5 kcal. When controlling for bodyweight, TEE was 1.5 ± 0.3 kcal/kg. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest rope training is an extremely vigorous workout, resulting in very high heart rates and caloric expenditure per unit of time. Although rope training provides a potent anaerobic stimulus, the intensity required does not lend itself to maintain the workout for prolonged durations, which may not prove useful for weight loss goals.

Occupational Traumatic Amputation of Distal Part of Thumb Caused by Constriction Effect of Nylon Rope: A Case Report with Review of Literature

A 60-year-old farmer came to the accident and emergency department complaining of traumatic amputation of distal part of right thumb. On examination, there was a circumferential wound located at the base of right thumbnail with injury to both neurovascular bundles and fracture of distal part of distal phalanx with the distal part hanging by volar skin only. The wound was irrigated and the distal part terminalised with direct loose skin closure. Discussion with the patient about the scenario of trauma revealed a mechanism of injury which may appear unique.

Development of a self-propelled microflotilla

In this work, we initiated the effort of developing a so-called water microflotilla, which was capable of moving on a water surface. We explored its design, fabrication, propulsion, and motions in straight and circular channels. A water microflotilla comprised five microboats connected with a Nylon rope, and was fabricated using ultra-violet lithographic techniques. It was actuated by the difference between fore-and-aft surface tensions. The water microflotilla was tested in three straight and one circular channels at water levels of 3, 6 and 9 mm, respectively. In all the tests, the microflotilla moved like a rigid object, and no collisions were observed between neighboring microboats. Travel distances were above 0.44 m, and average speeds varied from 40.2 to 103.2 mm/s. Both the travel distances and the average speeds were found to increase with the increasing water depth and channel width. The two ends of the microflotilla had direct contact with the outer sidewall of the circular channel during a circular motion. The support forces of the outer sidewall at these contact points provided the centripetal force needed for the circular motion. Compared with a single microboat, such a microflotilla can be potentially employed to transport a large amount of supply in small-scale fluidic applications.

Responding to an Accusation of Malpractice

In May 2006, a Florida woman found her husband, a physician, hanging from a nylon rope in their bedroom closet, a suicide. Earlier in the day, the physician had listened in a courtroom as a jury pronounced its verdict, finding him liable in a malpractice lawsuit alleging that he had failed to remove a sponge at the conclusion of a surgical procedure and that the presence of the foreign body subsequently caused the plaintiff, a former patient, infection and pain. According to the physician's wife, her husband was distraught at the prospect of paying three-quarters of the $1 million verdict—the proportion that exceeded his insurance limits—out of his own pocket.

Selected health and management issues facing working donkeys presented for veterinary treatment in rural Mexico: some possible risk factors and potential intervention strategies

The examination of 216 donkeys presented for treatment at the Donkey Sanctuary-World Horse Welfare-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico mobile clinics revealed a number of health and welfare problems. A general overview of the donkeys' health was made and showed that the median body condition score (BCS) in this population was 2.5. Underweight animals only accounted for 26% of the population. Females, 0-5-year-olds and >21-year-olds, were more likely to be underweight. When analysed, there was no correlation between faecal worm egg count (FEC) and BCS. The prevalence of strongyle infection as assessed by FEC was shown to be 80% with a median FEC of 600 eggs per gramme. Donkeys were assessed for body lesions and showed a high prevalence (71%), particularly in the facial region (54%). Analysis showed that mature animals (6-15 years old) were at increased risk of body lesions compared to older animals (16+ years old) as were donkeys with dental disease and those in particular villages. Risk factor analysis for lesions of the face showed that stallions and geldings are at increased risk as were donkeys wearing halters made from nylon rope. This study has identified areas for further investigation and potential areas where targeted interventions may be made to improve the health and welfare of working donkeys in Mexico.

Rope test may indicate efficacy of tail-biting treatments in growing pigs

AbstractTail biting is a most serious welfare problem in pigs raised for slaughter. In instances of an outbreak of tail biting, scientists have recommended that farmers take measures such as removal of affected animals, provision of enrichment materials and application of repellents to the pigs’ tails. However, no scientific study has ever confirmed the efficacy of any of these suggestions in counteracting an ongoing outbreak. Here, the efficacy of two repellent ointments, Dippel's oil and Stockholm tar, were examined in a tail-chew test. For this, a novel piece of nylon rope was used as a tail model to measure biting behaviour semi-automatically in 24 single-sex groups of growing pigs (total 264 pigs). Repeated measures analysis showed no effect of time, gender or unit (12 pens per unit), but a highly significant effect of treatment, in that both Stockholm tar and Dippel's oil significantly reduced rope manipulation compared to controls. These results suggest that Stockholm tar and Dippel's oil may be effective in reducing tail biting. The approach taken may be valuable in further testing of strategies to reduce tail biting and improving pig welfare.

Analysis of LCN DNA from synthetic ropes: A practical approach used in real homicide investigation

An old woman was found dead in her apartment in the south of Italy. Her arms were tied behind the back with a nylon rope. Due to the absence of any biological or fingerprints evidence, investigations were immediately focused on the rope. Few centimetres of the knot and of the portions not in direct contact with the victim were separately collected. Samples were firstly washed with sterile bidistilled water. The obtained solutions were then submitted to several concentration/filtration steps by means of Centricon™ filters. Hence, the pellets were processed through Low Copy Number DNA adjusted protocols (low reaction volume and “low binding” materials) which included a preliminary quantification of the total DNA by means of Real Time PCR. A complete male 15 STR loci profile was obtained from some of the above reported samples. Thanks to the collaboration with the local law enforcement, reference samples from the relatives of some alleged offenders were collected and submitted to the author's lab. Kinship testing revealed a high degree of parentage with the genotype of the father and the sister of one of the suspects. The efforts of the investigators were then addressed to the latter one, eventually leading to a prosecution for second-degree murder.

Ergonomic study of a vertical rope-pulling task from a scaffolding

The purpose of this study is to explore and assess manual material handling problems involving a vertical rope-pulling task from a scaffold (VRPS). Twenty-five young male Chinese subjects were recruited to participate in this study. The psychophysical method was used to investigate the effects of the rope material (nylon and hemp), rope diameter (6/8″ and 4/8″), object size (bucket diameter 28 cm and 36 cm), operating with and without gloves on the maximum acceptable rope-pulling weight (MAWR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate, respectively. The results showed that the maximum acceptable rope-pulling weights were significantly affected by the rope material, rope diameter, object size and wearing or not wearing gloves. The MAWR for the hemp rope, coarse rope, small object size and without gloves was significantly greater than that for the nylon rope, fine rope, large object size and with gloves, respectively. However, the effect of the rope material, rope diameter, object size and with and without gloves on heart rate was not significant. The mean RPE response was significantly influenced by the rope material, object size and wearing or not wearing gloves. The most stressed body parts were the arms, fingers and wrists. The interaction effect between the rope material and wearing or not wearing gloves was significant. Generally, the VRPS for workers using hemp rope without gloves or using nylon rope without gloves was better than that for the other combinations.