Nylon Rope Research Articles

Achievement of automatic nylon rope winding control using adaptive decision-making algorithm

Achievement of automatic nylon rope winding control using adaptive decision-making algorithm

Diversity Assessment of Bivalves in the Intertidal Zone in Pilar Bay

Municipality of Pilar is the last town in the eastern province of Capiz. Pilar Bay, spanning 20 square kilometers, is a boon. At low tide, a variety of edible bivalves' shells may be found around the bay's shoreline, offering a source of money for the residents. The loss in bivalve variety, abundance, and ecological functions due to overharvesting signifies a loss of environmental integrity at the local and watershed levels. The purpose of this study was to catalog and assess the variety of edible bivalves found in the Municipality's intertidal zone. Descriptive survey methods were used to gather data from December 2015 to January 2016 in eight barangays in Pilar: Dulangan, Binaobawan, Rosario, Poblacion, Natividad, San Ramon, Casanayan, Balogo, and Dayhagan. Three 1 × 1 m2 quadrats were placed down in each of the nine stations that were chosen using the belt transect approach and a quadrat. The following items were utilized to perform the study: a tiny garden trowel, a laptop computer, a nylon rope, pegs, a meter stick, and a camera. The findings indicate that seven (7) edible bivalves belonging to the families Arcidae, Veneridae, Psammobidae, Mactridea, and Solenidae were known locally as paros, litob, punaw, bug-atan, higda-higda, tikhan, and kagaykay. It also demonstrates which species were most prevalent and prolific in Pilar's intertifal zone: litob, punaw, kagaykay, higda-higda, and bug-atan.

UTILIZING FIBER MESH AND NYLON ROPE AS NON-STEEL REINFORCEMENT FOR SANDWICH CONCRETE PLATE PRECAST IN COASTAL AREA STRUCTURES

Reinforced concrete, a popular construction choice, is often selected due to the limited availability of materials like wood and increased familiarity with concrete. However, coastal structures using steel bars in reinforced concrete usually face corrosion issues. Corrosion can be mitigated by increasing concrete compressive strength and enlarging the concrete cover to protect the steel from saltwater. These measures are challenging for small structures due to the small dimensions of columns, beams, and plates, making thick concrete covers difficult. Additionally, small structures are often built manually or semi-manually, complicating the achievement of higher compressive strength and watertightness. However, there is hope. Researchers have developed reinforced concrete with non-metal reinforcement, such as fiber mesh and nylon rope, and combined regular and lightweight concrete to reduce dead loads, creating a sandwich concrete slab. Test results show that the slab has sufficient strength for light construction, with a strong bond between mortar and foam concrete. Although fiber mesh and nylon rope do not yet increase the slab's flexural strength, nylon rope prevents brittle failure. This promising research paves the way for further studies and potential improvements in the future.

Incomplete decapitation in suicidal vehicle-assisted ligature strangulation: A case report and a review of the literature

Vehicle-assisted ligature strangulation is an extremely rare suicide method. We report a case of a 43-year-old man who secured one end of a nylon rope to a tree and the other end around his neck, then got inside his vehicle and stepped on the gas, leading to an incomplete decapitation. A sharply demarcated encircling ligature mark was found upon external examination, along with a deep laceration in the anterior region of the neck. The severance plane passed between the third and fourth cervical vertebrae, with diffuse haemorrhagic infiltration of the cervical muscles, in accordance with autopsy findings reported in the literature. The lung histological examination described a large amount of red blood cells and pulmonary oedema. A review of the literature concerning suicidal vehicle-assisted ligature strangulation cases allowed us to investigate some common autopsy findings, as well as the rope features relevant to the beheading.

Vehicle-assisted ligature decapitation - an unusual case report.

Suicide by vehicle-assisted strangulation resulting in decapitation is a rare occurrence, characterized by a high kinetic energy mechanism that produces a clean-cut appearance in the decapitation area. Often resembling an incisive wound, this particular finding can mislead local authorities into investigating the case as a homicide. This case report describes an adult male who accelerated his vehicle after tying a nylon rope around his neck and securing it to a metallic structure on the wall. Furthermore, we conducted a brief review of cases published within the last ten years, summarizing the most prevalent findings associated with these incidents. By analyzing previously reported cases alongside our own, we aim to consolidate the prevailing patterns observed in vehicle-assisted strangulation cases. This underscores the paramount importance of thorough scene analysis by the medico-legal team and emphasizes the significance of subsequent necropsy findings in accurately discerning the manner of death.

Fecundity and egg viability of Sargassum oligocystum Montagne, 1845 in Iligan Bay, Northern Mindanao, Philippines

Fertile thalli of Sargassum oligocystum were collected from the intertidal area of Naawan, Misamis Oriental, in northern Mindanao, Philippines. The early development, fecundity, egg viability, and recruitment of S. oligocystum were studied to gain insights into the species' biology in preparation for its future ecological and commercial applications. The embryonic development of S. oligocystum followed almost the same pattern as other Sargassum species found in the literature: 1) the presence of unfertilized eight-nuclei eggs, 2) zygotes undergoing division into embryos after fertilization, and 3) the development of dense rhizoids on embryos after 4–5 days from release. The fecundity of one thallus of S. oligocystum produced 0.5 million eggs and 746 ± 1.5 eggs per receptacle, with 94.72% viability of eggs developing rhizoids for attachment. Recruitment of zygotes ranged from 0.52 ind cm−2 to 3.37 ind cm−2, with clay bricks found to be the most suitable substrate with a significantly higher recruitment rate than nylon rope and plastic binder. The present study implies the high potential of producing S. oligocystum biomass through the mass production of seed stocks in the hatchery.

The density of marine debris in seaweed farming sites in Kupang Bay, East Nusa Tenggara Province – Indonesia

Organic and inorganic debris in the seaweed farming areas in Kupang Bay and its surroundings is a serious problem, but until now there has been no accurate scientific data on this waste, both macro and micro. This study aimed to calculate and analyze macro debris wasted in seaweed farming areas. Sampling for macro debris consists of (1) sampling of debris deposited in the farming area, using Belt Transect, (2) sampling of debris at Sea Level and Water Column. The data obtained were analyzed for absolute density (weight of waste), absolute density (number of pieces of waste), relative density (weight of waste), and relative density (number of pieces of waste). The results of this research found that the dominant debris found at the seaweed farming site in Kupang Bay and its surroundings was plastics, with a details density of 24.33 amount/1000 m2 (37.83%) in Bolok; 13.67 amount/1000 m2 (35.57%) in Tablolong; 38.00 amount/1000 m2 (74.06%) in Tesabela; 37.67 amount/1000 m2 (58.55%) in Pasir Panjang, and 87.00 amount/1000 m2 (57.90%) in Sulamu, followed by wood waste and nylon rope waste. The most dominant source of waste was the activities of seaweed farming itself.

Biomechanical comparison of bone staple techniques for stabilizing tibial tuberosity fractures

This study compared the biomechanical properties of bone-stapling techniques with those of other fixation methods used for stabilizing tibial tuberosity fractures using 3-dimensionally (3D)-printed canine bone models. Twenty-eight 3D-printed bone models made from computed tomography scan files were used. Tibial tuberosity fractures were simulated using osteotomy. All samples were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was stabilized with a pin and tension-band wire; group 2, with a pin and an 8 mm-wide bone staple; group 3, with 2 horizontally aligned pins and an 8 mm-wide bone staple; and group 4 with a 10 mm-wide bone staple. Tensile force was applied with vertical distraction until failure occurred. The load and displacement were recorded during the tests. The groups were compared based on the load required to cause displacements of 1, 2, and 3 mm. The maximum failure loads and modes were recorded. The loads at all displacements in group 4 were greater than those in groups 1, 2, and 3. The loads at 1, 2, and 3 mm displacements were similar in groups 1 and 3. There was no significant difference between groups 1 and 3. Groups 1 and 4 provided greater maximum failure loads than groups 2 and 3. Failure occurred because of tearing of the nylon rope, tibial fracture, wire breakage, pin bending, and fracture around the bone staple insertion. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the bone-stapling technique is an acceptable alternative to tension-band wire fixation for the stabilization of tibial tuberosity fractures in canine bone models.

Length of intraabdominal measurement of bowel (LIMB)

BackgroundLaparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most commonly performed bariatric surgeries. The steep associated learning curve is dependent on the training facility, laparoscopic experience, and overall procedural volume. William Beaumont Army Medical Center (WBAMC) has been accredited as a bariatric center of excellence and trains resident surgeons in the performance of RYGB. ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the accuracy and precision of a bariatric center of excellence's training of surgical residents in terms of laparoscopic measurements of simulated small bowel. This will act as a surrogate for how well surgical residents learn to run the small bowel during bariatric procedures and how their accuracy and precision change over time in training. SettingThis study took place at William Beaumont Army Medical Center, a bariatric center of excellence and training institution. MethodsParticipants included surgical residents from WBAMC. Participants used a laparoscopic trainer and two bowel graspers to measure both a collapsing garden hose (simulated bowel) and a nylon rope (control material) to 75 cm (cm) and 125 cm (cm), three times each, with recordings of time required to do so, actual distance measured, and technique used. ResultsFifteen residents participated in the study. Residents displayed accuracy of 21.6 %. 33%of residents were precise for the 75 cm measurement, and 53 % of residents were precise for the 125-cm measurement. PGY-4 residents were the most accurate while PGY-3 residents were the most precise. There were no statistical differences between junior (PGY 1–4) and senior residents (PGY 5–6) in accuracy or precision in the measurement of 75-cm or 125-cm. No statistical differences were found measuring the hose versus rope in accuracy nor precision. PGY-4 residents completed the task in the least amount of time while PGY-2 residents took the longest to complete each task. ConclusionsIn general, residents are neither precise nor accurate in measurements of simulated bowel lengths, and experience does not contribute to either. Time in residency correlates with laparoscopic speed but not with accuracy nor precision. Extrapolating this data to attending surgeons suggests that estimated lengths of small bowel that are ‘run’ or measured during laparoscopic cases are neither accurate nor precise. More investigation must be performed in this area.

First Record of Cetacean Killed in an Artisanal Fish Aggregating Device in the Mediterranean Sea.

Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) are anchored floating structures often made with cheap scrapped materials and used to aggregate pelagic fish species under their artificial shadows. Globally, the dangerous impact of FADs is well known. They pose a severe threat as a source of bycatch, as a danger to navigation, and with their high potential to become marine litter. Unintended entanglement and consequent mortality in FADs of vulnerable (e.g., sharks, sea turtles, and cetaceans) and commercial species is a serious concern for several international inter-governmental bodies (e.g., EU, GFCM, and IWC). This work describes the first case of a cetacean, a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba), entangled in a FAD in the Mediterranean Sea. A young male of striped dolphins was found dead along the coast of Lazio (central Tyrrhenian Sea) with its peduncle entangled in typical debris from illegal/artisanal FADs (i.e., a nylon rope, teared gardening plastic sheets, bush branches, and scrapped empty plastic bottles). Although this is the first confirmed case of a cetacean entangled in a FAD in Mediterranean waters, given the extent of the deployment of anchored FADs, the scale of this type of interaction with protected species might be seriously underestimated. Therefore, actions and monitoring need to be implemented urgently to effectively protect and conserve marine biodiversity.

Mechanical properties of a bioabsorbable magnesium interference screw for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in various testing bone materials

Tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) negatively impact the stability and kinematics of the knee. Interference screws (ISs) are used for graft fixation in ACL reconstruction and provide sufficient fixation strength to withstand the patients' activities during the graft-to-bone integration process. Magnesium is a novel material used to manufacture IS given its strength and bioabsorbability. In previous studies, the selected magnesium IS design showed a better fixation performance in comparison to the conventional IS design due to its shape design and surface condition. In this study, bioabsorbable magnesium ISs were tested for their insertion (insertion torque and a number of turns to implement the IS) and fixation performance (pull-out and dynamic test). To obtain a reliable initial assessment of IS performance, ISs were implanted in 15 per cubic foot (PCF) Sawbones polyurethane foam blocks, Sawbones biomechanical tibia models with 17 PCF foam cores, and human cadaveric tibiae. Porcine tendons were used in the foam block pull-out test, and nylon ropes were used in all other test setups to prevent influences of the ligament graft material itself. In the pull-out test, the graft was subjected to tensile stress at a rate of 6 mm/min. For the dynamic test, 1000 cycles between 0 and 200 N were performed, followed by a final pull-out test. After each test, the tunnel widening pattern was observed by measuring the aspect ratio of the tunnel at the insertion site. The insertion torque lies within the normal insertion torque of the ISs as well as the average ligament tension before the insertion. In the foam block setup, the nylon rope showed a higher pull-out force than the porcine tendon. The comparison of each setup using nylon rope for both pull-out and pull-out after the dynamic test showed no significant difference between the foam block and cadaver setup. However, all tibia model setup shows unexpectedly high pull-out force due to the influence of its cortical layer. There were no statistically significant differences in tunnel widening between foam block-porcine tendon and foam block-nylon rope constructs. The pull-out resistance of magnesium ISs falls within the typical ACL tension range during daily activities. Even though the test results of the magnesium ISs are different in each bone material, the magnesium IS shows adequate fixation ability and workability during insertion without material failure.

A comparison of anchor loads, planar displacement, and rotation for nylon and polyester moored systems for a 15 MW floating wind turbine in shallow water

Renewable energy is crucial for addressing energy security and climate change challenges. Offshore wind energy presents a significant opportunity to generate renewable energy. Shallow water areas, between 50 and 70 m deep, are economically feasible for wind farms using shared anchor concepts and mooring line systems. However, choosing the appropriate type of system is critical. Previous studies have demonstrated that synthetic fiber ropes are more efficient than traditional chain catenary. In this paper we present the results of a dynamic analysis of a 15 MW Turbine and the VolturnUS-S reference platform deployed in the Celtic Sea. We compare the planar displacements, rotations, and loads acting on a shared anchor using nylon and polyester ropes, the latter as retrieved from the literature. An engineering procedure is used to simulate the behavior of the nylon rope, and a diffraction analysis is employed considering the stiffness of the mooring matrix. Our results show that using nylon rope reduces the peak resolved anchor load by 44% compared to polyester, but at the cost of a relatively larger displacements and rotations, which can be mitigated with improvements in mooring design. Since nylon is 10% cheaper than polyester rope with an identical minimum breaking load (MBL), and more cost-efficient anchor concepts are being investigated, the findings of this study encourage further research on nylon applications for wind farms in shallow water using shared anchors.

Analysis of efficacy and safety of a new endoscopic anastomosis clip in the treatment of defects after endoscopic full-thickness resection

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of a new endoscopic anastomosis clip in the treatment of defects after endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR). Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Fourteen patients [4 males and 10 females, aged (55.9±8.2) years (45-69 years)] with gastric submucosal tumors underwent EFTR at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were included from December 2018 to January 2021. Patients were divided into new anastomotic clamp group (n=6) and nylon ring combined with metal clips group (n=8). Preoperative endoscopic ultrasound examinations were required to all patients to evaluate the wound condition. The size of the defect, operation time required for wound closure, success rate of closure, postoperative gastric tube placement time, postoperative hospital stay, incidence of complications, preoperative and postoperative serological indexes were compared between the two groups. All patients were followed up after the operation, among which the general endoscopy was reviewed in the first month after the operation, and the telephone and questionnaire follow-up were used in the second, third, sixth month and one year after the operation to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the new endoscopic anastomosis clip and nylon rope combined with metal clip after the EFTR operation. Results: Both groups successfully completed EFTR and were successfully closed. There was no significant difference between the age, tumor diameter and defect diameter of the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the nylon ring combined with metal clip group, the operation time of the new anastomotic clip group was shortened [(5.0±1.8) minutes vs (35.6±10.2) minutes, P<0.001]. The operation time was shortened [(62.2±12.5) minutes vs (92.5±0.2) minutes, P=0.007]. Postoperative fasting time decreased [(2.8±0.8) days vs (4.9±1.1) days, P=0.002]. The hospital stay after operation was also shortened [(5.2±0.8) days vs (6.9±1.5) days, P=0.023]. The total intraoperative bleeding volume decreased [(20.00±5.48) ml vs (35.63±14.75) ml, P=0.031]. The patients in both groups received endoscopic examination 1 month after operation, and there was no delayed perforation and bleeding after operation. There was no obvious symptoms of discomfort. Conclusion: The new anastomotic clamp is suitable for the treatment of full-thickness gastric wall defects after EFTR, and shows advantages of shorter operation, less bleeding, and fewer postoperative complications.

CASE REPORT: A NEW FACTOR OF RUMEN BLOAT IN GOATS AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Goats may suffer from rumen bloat for many reasons, e.g. improperly concentrated ratio or obstruction. The disease can be caused by eating undigested items, e.g. plastic rope or bags. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, it has often become mandatory for people to wear medical masks. People are generally unaware that masks left on the ground pose a risk to goats who may eat them. This case report describes the rumen bloat caused by medical masks in a male goat reared in an elementary school. After physical examination, the goat showed a bloated rumen, anorexia, depression, and weakness. The heart rate was normal, but respiratory patterns were fast and deep. Fewer defecated feces were noted by the owner. Furthermore, the owner’s complaints and ultrasound images revealed that undigested items in the rumen were the cause. After performing a standard rumenotomy, we scooped out four medical masks, one plastic bag, and one high-density nylon rope from the rumen. We believe this was the first report describing the risk of medical masks in goats. Promoting life and animal welfare education is essential to inform others of the harm medical masks pose to animals.

In Vitro Investigation of the Fixation Performance of a Bioabsorbable Magnesium ACL Interference Screw Compared to a Conventional Interference Screw.

An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common treatment for patients with ACL rupture that aims to regain pre-injury knee stability and kinematics. During the ACL reconstruction, one method to fix the graft is the use of an interference screw (IS). The IS should provide initial stability and secure the graft during the healing period. In recent years, magnesium has emerged as an alternative material to permanent metal and polymer ISs. In addition, differences in designs, such as the shape of the IS, can influence the fixation performance of the IS. Therefore, in this biomechanical experiment, two different screw designs with two ligament materials were compared in an insertion and a pull-out test at a rate of 1 mm/s. The screw designs were a conventional polymer screw and a magnesium screw. Porcine tendon and nylon rope were used as ligament materials. All tests were performed in polyurethane foam blocks with 15 PCF density (Synbone AG, Switzerland). As a result, both screw designs required an insertion torque of less than 3 Nm. There was a significant difference between the porcine and nylon rope in pull-out tests for each screw design. The magnesium screw had the highest pull-out force at 412.14 ± 50.00 N for porcine tendon and 707.38 ± 21.81 N for nylon rope. There were no significant differences in tunnel widening (narrow-wide ratio) between each ligament material. The magnesium screw showed the lowest narrow-wide tunnel ratio, implying a better ability to compress the graft to the tunnel. In conclusion, a more optimized magnesium IS design resulted in better graft fixation and an improved ACL reconstruction outcome.

Settlement experiment of spat using three different collectors in two contrasting coastal sites from Chile (SE Pacific Ocean)

Most of the marine bivalve production comes from aquaculture and only 11% comes from the wild fishery. For example, mussel aquaculture still strongly relies on spat - the recently settled juveniles. Gaps of information on the recruitment and settlement of spat are important drawbacks for the development of mussel aquaculture in several geographic regions. We here study these processes using three collectors (Anchovy mesh, Rope and Raschel mesh) throughout one year in two coastal sites of Central Chile (Coliumo and Punta Lobería) at three depths (2, 4 and 6 m). Five spat species were settled in the collectors, i.e. Aulacomya atra, Choromytilus chorus, Mytilus chilensis, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Semimytilus algosus. Recruitment was consistently higher during summer and autumn at both sites. Different seasonal recruitment patterns were observed regarding the spat species. Spat collection of the former mytilid species occurs from spring to autumn with the exception of M. galloprovincialis in Coliumo and M. chilensis in Punta Lobería. M. galloprovincialis is settled mostly in autumn and summer, and M. chilensis during winter. There were also differences when considering the collector type, mostly due to A. atra and S. algosus which peaked in nylon rope. Spat collection of the commercial species M. chilensis should be preferentially carried out in nylon rope during autumn in Coliumo and summer and autumn in Punta Lobería. During summer and autumn, also S. algosus will be settled. These results will enable the implementation of management measures to promote mytilid culture on the coastal zone of the Biobío region.

Parametric study on the short-term extreme mooring tension of nylon rope for a point absorber

A series of 1:40 model tests are carried out to study the dynamic responses of a point absorber moored by three taut nylon ropes under irregular wave conditions. The experimental results are applied to calibrate a numerical model, and then the calibrated numerical model is applied to study the influence of pretension, mooring axial stiffness, current velocity and tidal range on extreme mooring tension under head sea wave conditions. Both the global maximum method and the average conditional exceedance rate method are applied to study extreme mooring tension based on fifty 3-h fully coupled analyses. The nonlinear strain-tension curve is used in numerical simulations to consider the material non-linearities of nylon rope. To discuss the influence of axial stiffness on extreme mooring tension, nonlinear strain-tension curves of a worked rope and a new rope are studied. The numerical simulations under three current profiles are conducted to study the influence of current velocity on extreme mooring tension. It is found that the influence of axial stiffness and current velocity on extreme mooring tension is significant, and the influence of current velocity on extreme mooring tension reduces with the increase of mooring pretension.

A Retrospctive Cross Sectional Study of Deaths Due to Hanging in Bilaspur Region of Chhattisgarh

A retrospective cross-sectional record-based study is conducted from December 2018 to November 2020 atChhattisgarh Institute of Medical Sciences Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. The study constitutes 8.5% (204 cases) of total2398 autopsy done during the given period. The key objective of the study is to find out the prevalence of theproblem within the study area and to determine factors associated with hanging cases. in which 79% (161) are male&amp; 21% (43) are female, 59% (120) cases were married &amp; 41% (84) cases were unmarried. High incidence of 39% (80)cases of age group between 21-30 years followed by age group 11-20 years constituting 21% (43) cases. Peak ofcases are seen at the month of August and March (13%) cases. Most common ligature material used is gamchha in28% (56) cases followed by nylon rope constituting 24% (50) cases.

Effectiveness of different management strategies against Nilgai population (Boselaphus tragocamelus) in Punjab Province of India

Abstract Crop raiding has been reported in many parts of Punjab as a result of an overabundance of nilgai antelopes (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and farmers are constantly battling to save their crops. In the present study, various management strategies such as physical deterrents (nylon rope, nylon net and garden net), visual repellents (scarecrow and reflective ribbon), chemical repellents (different concentrations of Neelbo and Ecodon (based on ricinoleic acid) applied by spraying, soaking jute rope, soaked in wood shavings packed in plastic bags and paper cups) and biological deterrents (bioacoustic device and different concentrations of faecal solution of horse, tiger and Himalayan black bear) were evaluated to minimize the damage caused by nilgai. Nylon net was the most promising method, providing complete protection against nilgai, which can be used for protecting crops at vulnerable stages with a one-time cost. The nylon rope and garden net provided partial protection from nilgai damage. The bioacoustic device and reflective ribbon were also effective for a short period of time. Neelbo was found more effective as chemical repellent against nilgai. The faecal solution of horse and Himalayan black bear remained effective as repellent for 10 days. It is thus concluded that while comprehensive damage prevention may be difficult, animal management devices can help reduce nilgai damage at vulnerable stages of the crop. The employment of a range of management devices at the proper time can be part of a cost-effective system to keep nilgai damage at acceptable levels.

Research on the Multi-Element Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique in Breast Ultrasound Imaging, Based on the Ring Array.

As a widely clinical detection method, ultrasonography (US) has been applied to the diagnosis of breast cancer. In this paper, the multi-element synthetic aperture focusing (M-SAF) is applied to the ring array of breast ultrasonography (US) imaging, which addresses the problem of low imaging quality due to the single active element for each emission and the reception in the synthetic aperture focusing. In order to determine the optimal sub-aperture size, the formula is derived for calculating the internal sound pressure of the ring array with a 200 mm diameter, and the sound pressure distribution is analyzed. The ring array with 1024 elements (1024 ring array) is established in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6, and the optimal sub-aperture size is 16 elements, according to the sound field beam simulation and the directivity research. Based on the existing experimental conditions, the ring array with 256 elements (256 ring array) is simulated and verified by experiments. The simulation has a spatial resolution evaluation in the k-Wave toolbox, and the experiment uses nylon rope and breast model imaging. The results show that if the sub-aperture size has four elements, the imaging quality is the highest. Specifically, the spatial resolution is the best, and the sound pressure amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are maintained at a high level in the reconstructed image. The optimal sub-aperture theory is verified by the two kinds of ring arrays, which also provide a theoretical basis for the application of the multi-element synthetic aperture focusing technology (M-SAF) in ring arrays.