Nylon Line Research Articles

Ingestion of fishing gear and Anisakis sp. infection in a beached Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) in the Jeju Island, Republic of Korea: findings from post-mortem computed tomography and necropsy

BackgroundHuman fishing activities have significantly affect environmental concern for marine ecosystems, conservation of marine mammals, and human health. Coastal cetaceans are highly vulnerable to ingestion of fishing gear, bycatching, or entanglement, all of which can be fatal for these animals. In particular, certain coastal dolphins and porpoises are heavily impacted by fishing gear such as angling gear or stownet, as their food often overlap with the target fish species of human fisheries.Case presentationThis study presents a case of an Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) beached on the coast of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, with ingestion of fishing gear and severe Anisakis infection. Although this species inhabits waters ranging from the Persian Gulf to Taiwan, several stranded carcasses have been reported on Jeju Island in recent years. Post-mortem computed tomography revealed a bundle of four fishing hooks in the forestomach, along with nylon lines and steel lines with connectors, which were assumed to be angling gear for Jeju hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus). Further necroscopic investigation revealed that the forestomach contained a large number of Anisakis spp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae). Histological examination revealed a thickened forestomach wall with pinpoint and volcanic ulcerations, a thickened layer of stratified squamous epithelium, and infiltrated stroma in the squamous epithelium.conclusionsThis study emphasizes the urgent need to address the impact of fishing activities on marine mammals, marine litter pollution, and the bycatch problem in Korean seawater. In addition, the occurrence of N. phocaenoides in seawater around Jeju Island should be raised in future geographical ecology or veterinary pathology studies and when its distribution is updated.

Numerical modeling of a mooring line system for an offshore floating wind turbine in Vietnamese sea conditions using nonlinear materials

The offshore renewable energy industry has been developing farms of floating offshore wind turbines in water depths up to 100 m. In Vietnam, floating offshore wind turbines have been developed to increase the production of clean and sustainable energy. The mooring system, which is used to keep the turbine stable and ensure the safety and economic efficiency of wind power production, is an important part of a floating offshore wind turbine. Appropriate selection of the mooring type and mooring line material can reduce the risks arising from the motion of wind turbines. Different types of mooring line material have been simulated and compared in order to determine the optimal type with the minimum motion risk for a floating wind turbine. This study focused on numerical modeling of semi-taut mooring systems using nonlinear materials for a semi-submersible wind turbine. Several modeling approaches common to current practice were applied. Hydrodynamic analysis was performed to investigate the motion of the response amplitude operators of the floating wind turbine. Dynamic analysis of mooring systems was performed using a time domain to obtain the tension responses of mooring lines under the ultimate limit states and fatigue limit states in Vietnamese sea conditions. The results showed that the use of nonlinear materials (polyester and/or nylon) for mooring systems can minimize the movement of the turbine and save costs. The use of synthetic fibers can reduce the maximum tension in mooring lines and the length of mooring lines. However, synthetic fiber ropes showed highly nonlinear load elongation properties, which were difficult to simulate using numerical software. The comparison of the characteristics of polyester and nylon mooring lines showed that the maximum and mean tensions of the nylon line were less than those of the polyester line. In addition, the un-stretched length of the polyester line was greater than that of the nylon line under the same mean tension load. Therefore, nylon material is recommended for the mooring lines of a floating offshore wind turbine.

Seismic performance assessment of nylon lines for protecting museum collections

While earthquakes pose a threat to both museum buildings and collections, the latter can be especially vulnerable. Seismic damage to museum collections can be minimized by securing objects with nylon lines, a widely used strategy in museums. However, this measure is usually adopted on the basis of the subjective interpretations by museum staff rather than scientific assessments of its efficacy, resulting in a lack of standardization. This paper aims to address this issue by proposing an appropriate assessment method on the basis of seismic risk analysis of museum collections. Specifically, the study first introduces a seismic fragility analysis method for the collection-showcase-museum system, which is a comprehensive method for evaluating the effectiveness of nylon lines in enhancing seismic performance. The seismic performance of the nylon lines can then be assessed through a seismic risk calculation of the museum collection. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a case study is conducted. Via numerical analysis, the study examined the impact of nylon line diameter, quantity, and tying angle on their seismic capacity. Moreover, this approach is used for an existing precious artifact in a Chinese museum to provide a practical reference for other museum collections. The findings of this study highlight the practical and scientific nature of the proposed method, indicating that larger diameter nylon lines significantly improve seismic performance. Additionally, collections secured with four nylon lines are more secure than those secured by fewer lines. The nylon lines with smaller tying angle may increases the probability of seismic damage to collections during strong earthquakes.

Mooring Analysis of Ocean FarmITS (OFITS)

Ocean Farm ITS (OFITS) is a pilot project of offshore aquaculture designed by Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) which will be installed at Sidoasri Beach, Malang Districts. OFITS structure is an integration of fish cages with ecotourism facilities. This paper describes the mooring analysis for OFITS installation. The mooring configuration uses a rectangle grid consisting of 4 mooring buoys, 8 top inner mooring grids, and 14 mooring lines arranged symmetrically. The mooring line uses a type of nylon line with a size of 42 mm in diameter and 70 m in length. Five mooring lines on the front side and two mooring lines on the back side secure the moored buoy to the seafloor. The maximum capacity of buoy is 3 tons. The anchor for mooring uses an anchor with a weight of 0.25 tons for each anchor. The purpose of this analysis is to obtain the maximum tension of the mooring rope at OFITS based on extreme environmental loads. This analysis uses the time domain analysis method.

Application of a new loop cutter for nylon lines and the reopenable clip-over-line method for large defect closure after duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Application of a new loop cutter for nylon lines and the reopenable clip-over-line method for large defect closure after duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection.

The Tuna Handline fishing fleet of Infanta, Pangasinan, Philippines: An assessment

The study was conducted to provide baseline information that could be used by authorities to further support this sector in the municipality of Infanta, Pangasinan. Purposive sampling was employed and data was generated through face-to-face interviews aided by a structured questionnaire. Results revealed that the fishing fleet is mainly operated by boat captains at the age of 36-41 years old (32.56%), high school graduates (46.51%), members of fishing organization (67.44%), and with no other sources of income aside from fishing (90.70%). Most boat units are within the size of 9.1-12.0 GT (48.84%), with 90.1-130.0 metric HP engines (44.19%) and manned by 10-12 (41.86%) regular and seasonal fishing crews. Four (4) line gears are primarily used in catching tuna which include simple handline (surrate), multiple hook and line (sibid-sibid), troll line (bira-bira) and bottom set long line (kitang). These gears are fabricated using monofilament nylon lines and “J” type hooks with varying sizes. Majority are fishing off the coast of Zambales (45.51%) and Pangasinan (44.19%) with effort days of 4-6 (65.12%). There are several problems encountered by the fishing fleet at present and increasing cost of fishing supplies (fuel, gear materials, etc.) is considered a major constraint for sustainable operation.

Reopenable clip-over-the-line method for closing large mucosal defects following gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: Prospective feasibility study.

Large mucosal defects following gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) cause postoperative bleeding. To address this limitation and ensure closure of large mucosal defects, we developed the reopenable clip-over-the-line method (ROLM) using a reopenable clip and nylon line. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the ROLM for closure of large mucosal defects following gastric ESD in a prospective, consecutive series of cases. We performed the ROLM on 50 consecutive patients with gastric mucosal defects at the Ise Red Cross Hospital and Mie Prefectural Shima Hospital. The time to complete the ROLM, numbers of clips and lines required, size of defect, and closure success rate were measured, and postoperative adverse events were recorded. In all, 50 lesions were included in this study period between July 2021 and March 2022. The success rates of defect closure and defect closure without submucosal dead space of the ROLM were both 100% (50/50), with a median ROLM time of 30 (range, 14-35) min and a median resected specimen major axis of 45 (range, 31-73) mm. The median number of reopenable clips used was 31 (range, 10-93). Following gastric ESD, two cases of post-ESD bleeding were observed during the follow-up periods. Our results suggest that ROLM is a feasible strategy for complete closure of mucosal defects post-ESD without submucosal dead space. Future comparative studies with post-ESD bleeding rate as the main outcome are desirable to evaluate the efficacy of ROLM.

Lead in Modern and Contemporary Art

Lead in Modern and Contemporary Art

“El Viudo De Pescado”

“El Viudo De Pescado”

How to Perform a High-Quality Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

How to Perform a High-Quality Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Collagen Vitrigel Membrane-Coated Nylon Line Prevents Stenosis After Conization of the Cervix Uteri.

Cervical stenosis is a postoperative complication of conization for uterine cervical malignancy, but a standard method of preventing this complication has yet to be established. Collagen vitrigel is a collagen-based biomaterial that has antifibrotic and epithelization promoting actions. We evaluated the antistenotic effect of an indwelling collagen vitrigel membrane-coated nylon line (CVNL) after cervical conization in rabbits. In one group of rabbits, a CVNL was placed in the cervical canal after conization. In another group, a nylon line without a collagen coating was placed in the cervical canal after conization. The control group underwent cervical conization without placement of a device. The control (conization alone) and nylon (conization plus indwelling nylon line) groups exhibited cervical swelling. Rabbits in the CVNL group (cervical conization plus indwelling CVNL in the xerogel state) had a normal cervical surface. The cervical canal in the control group was enlarged and showed cystic changes attributed to cervical stenosis. The nylon group exhibited a trend toward cervical canal dilatation. In the CVNL group, the cervical canal was normal and did not show cystic dilatation. Fibrosis occurred to a lesser degree in the nylon group than in the control group, and the CVNL group exhibited minimal interstitial fibrosis. The control and nylon groups showed increased numbers of myofibroblasts in the regenerated cervix, but few myofibroblasts were observed in the CVNL group. Abundant collagen type III was observed in regenerated cervical tissue in the control and nylon groups but not in the CVNL group. The number of proliferative mesenchymal cells in the regenerated cervix was lowest in the CVNL group. The expressions of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, a regulator of fibroblast growth and extracellular matrix secretion), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (which are involved in the induction of CTGF by transforming growth factor-β) were lower in the CVNL group than in the control or nylon groups. This study describes an indwelling CVNL that prevents cervical stenosis and cystic changes after conization. These effects were likely mediated by inhibition of fibrosis, myofibroblast emergence, CTGF expression, and collagen type III deposition in regenerating cervix. Impact statement Collagen vitrigel is a high-density collagen material that promotes epithelization, inhibits fibrosis, and suppresses inflammation in regenerating tissue. We evaluated whether a collagen vitrigel membrane-coated nylon line would prevent cervical stenosis after conization in the rabbit. We found that an indwelling collagen vitrigel membrane-coated nylon line prevented cervical canal stenosis and cystic changes after cervical conization by inhibiting fibrosis, myofibroblast emergence, connective tissue growth factor expression, and collagen type III deposition in the regenerating cervix. Our device has potential as a new method of preventing cervical canal fibrosis and stenosis after conization for cervical cancer.

Water quality and fish diversity of Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta reservoir

Federal University of Agriculture reservoir is one of the recently constructed in Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria, therefore the need to assess the water quality, fish diversity and catch assessment of this new water body. Data on fish species were collected on a forthnight basis using multi-stage gillnet sampling techniques for four months (September- December, 2011). Three sampling stations were randomly selected from the entire reservoir. A variety of sampling methods were used at each site in order to reach every fish species. At the river channel and the floodplain sites, traps, cast nets (2.55cm mesh), seine nets (2.55 x 2 cm mesh), monofilament nylon gillnets (15.55 cm mesh), and hook and line were employed. Efforts were made in order to catch fish species in large abundance. Some sampled fish (dead) were collected and placed in cool boxes and examined within 18 hours of capture. Others were preserved in 15% formalin and stored for later examination. A total of 863 fish specimens were caught during the study period. These were identified and classified into 5 species belonging to 3 families. The percentage species composition of the harvest by numbers and weight for all fish species that contributed more than 1% in all the stations combined, were computed. Study of the physico-chemical parameter such as dissolved oxygen ranged from 5.03 to 7.19mg/l; 26 to 280C temperature; 64.8 to 148ppm alkaline; pH 6.67-6.90; 32.5 to 53.5m transparent; 8.86 to 13.72mg/l nitrate; 0.58 to 0.64mg/l phosphate; 0.024 to 0.069 o/oo saline; 103-270cm deep. pH and water temperature serve as variables since the fluctuation of one affects the values of others. The water quality parameters were favourable for fish production. The gillnet fisheries indicated that different mesh sizes of experimental gillnets were sensitive to different fish species. 67.2mm, 78.4mm and 112mm, mesh sizes were efficient in catching Clarias gariepinus, Barbus occidentalis and the Cichlids respectively. The study has shown that middle water was the most suitable habitat for fish in the reservoir. Water level and temperature were observed to guarantee high fish yield in the reservoir.

Effects of sphere suspension on echosounder calibrations

Abstract Echosounders may be calibrated by suspending a solid metal sphere in the acoustic beam and adjusting the system gain so that the measured target strength (TS) equals the theoretical value for the sphere. The suspension apparatus (i.e. net bag or loop of line glued into a hole, and control lines) may appreciably scatter sound, potentially affecting the sphere-echo intensity and phase, and hence the calibration uncertainty. Here, we characterize the effects of conventional suspension materials and configurations on measurements of sphere TS and recommend approaches to mitigate the observed effects on echosounder calibrations. We show that the effects of suspension lines on both calibration accuracy and precision change with line type and increase with line diameter and acoustic frequencies above ∼100 kHz. Compared to commonly used polyamide (nylon) line, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (PE) line has an acoustic impedance closer to that of water and therefore has a lessened effect on measurements of sphere TS. The effects may be mitigated in a practical manner using a 0.38-mm diameter, multifilament, PE line for the suspension.

Lethal fishing hook penetration and line entanglement in an adult bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus).

The carcass of a 15-year-old female Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) was retrieved from the Port River near Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. The animal was emaciated with five thick nylon fishing lines emerging from the oropharynx attached to a tangle of nylon and monofilament fishing line that also contained wire and eight fishing hooks. The mouth had been cut by the line and a circumferential curvilinear superficial abrasion/indentation from fishing line encircled the entire distal rostrum. Dissection of the upper aerodigestive tract revealed a large fish hook embedded in the lower blowhole associated with an adjacent abscess at the base of the epiglottis. The stomach contained two unattached fish hooks, parts of a plastic squid lure and two heavy duty work gloves. Further examination revealed a severe necrotising pneumonia with microabscesses in the kidneys and adrenal glands with scattered thromboemboli in keeping with terminal disseminated intravascular coagulation. Death had resulted from septic complications of fishing hook impalement and line entanglement with inanition. The case provides a graphic illustration of the effects of entanglement and fishing hook penetration, as well as ingestion of non-degradable plastic materials, in a free living Bottlenose dolphin.

Post Independence Development of Fisheries in Sri Lanka

The Island Sri Lanka has a coast line of about 1640 km. she is ideally located in the Indian Ocean to harvest thefish stocks all the Imy to Antarctic and be one ofthe leadingfishing nations of the world. However. the reality is quite opposite to the above assumption. Her fish production was about 10.000 mt until middle of 20th century, around 1948: harvested, primarily using very primitivefishing gear made out of coir; cotton and hemp, Out of the above total catch. about 47 percent was by beach seine (madel). one of the sluggish and inefficient method offishing in the word Fish has to approach the gear instead of gear chasing after the fish. Further. the fisherman ventured into the sea to operate their primitive fishing gear in dug out canoes, wooden plank rafts or vaded out into sea up to chest height. These were traditional fishing crafts and operated in the continental shelf waters up to a distance of about 10-12 kmfrom shore. The change in the gearfrom coir nets and ropes to nylon nets and lines commenced around I958, amidst resistance from other fisherman due to their inability to absorb new technology. Infact fishermen even destroyed nylon nets by dynamiting them, at the same time, traditional log rafts and dug out canoes were fitted with out board motors to increase the efficiency ofcrafts. There were 104 such mechanized crafts in 1958 and 861 in 1963. This led to increase fish catch from 25.2 mt in 1952 to 91.2 mt in 1963 an increase of 10,000 mt/year. Subsequently, in mid 1960s more 3 1/toners, 40 of 11 toners were added on to the fleet; the latter were owned and operated by Ceylon Fisheries Corporation. Further 07 trawlers to operate in Wadge Bankfrom Colombo and tuna clippers to operate in the Oceanic waters were introduced Research and technology got underwayfunded by Colombo Planfrom mid 1950s; that was a turning point in most development of our fishing industry. Titus, the Colombo Plan was the sheet anchor of post independent fisheries research in Sri Lanka The work of Medcoff and Sivalingam brought a wealth of research information on fish resource. These later paved the wayfor the introduction of multidayfishing boats withfreezing facilities. Universities. namely. Vidyodaya started to teachfisheries science in 1966 under the leadership of Dr K. Sivasubraniam. followed by other Universities to provide scientific manpower for research and management. Then hy 1972 our total fish production was about 93.000mt. Around 1970s beach landing Fiber Reinforced Plastic Boats (FRP Boots due to plastic industry and shortage of timber) entered the industry and became very popular. The total fish production was about 179.000 mt around 1979. The declaration of the 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in /976. with an area of 517.000 km helped to increase the fish product ionfurther. although, Sri Lanka lost Wedge Bank and northern half 0f Pedro Bank to India. 1n mid 1980s Government owned trawlers were disposed of as the fishery was unprofitable. More fish resource surveys were undertaken by R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nonsen (1970s and 1980s) and other surveys by NARA and the Universities. This led to expansion of thefishing industry. A great leap in the offshore with multiday boats development took place at the end of 1970. The offshore fishery. mostly for large pelagic species like tuna. sharks. and hill fish like marlins. swordfish and sailfish rose sharply after 1993 to 70 mt/boot/year by 2007 and its rising Its development initiated around 1960s with the introduction oftuna long liners in the Oceanic waters. By then the coastal fishery for small pelagic species had started to decline due /0 huge increase in effort, thus, its cpue is now dropping below 5mt/boat/year. The demersal fishery seems to be still in dormant stage due to lack of information on the species and stocks. Therefore, thefuture of the coastal fishing industry in the future could lie on coastal demersal species and offshore fishery that started to develop after independence.

Effective line installation technique for preventing crow intrusion into orchards

For protecting crops, scaring devices have only limited effect to deter birds because of habituation. Installation of lines over the crops has some effectiveness as persistent physical barrier against birds. However, the effectiveness of lines differs among the bird species and environment of the sites concerned. In this study, we aimed to develop a simple and effective line installation technique as a means of preventing crow damage in orchards. From the experiments on captive crows, stringing transparent nylon lines in parallel at 1-m intervals, which is equivalent to wingspan length of the crows, was effective in suppressing intrusions. Transparent nylon lines were more effective in preventing crow intrusions than colored highly visible wires. For crows, line-shaped obstacles with low visibility were suggested to be effective barriers for preventing their flight into the places. Based on these results, we devised a method for stringing nylon fishing lines at 1-m intervals across an orchard with its sides covered by netting. The experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of this method on wild crows indicated that it would be effective enough in controlling crow intrusion to put to practical use in orchards.

Wide-field underwater EMR followed by line-assisted complete closure for a large duodenal adenoma.

Wide-field underwater EMR followed by line-assisted complete closure for a large duodenal adenoma.

OpenDropOff: An open‐source, low‐cost drop‐off unit for animal‐borne devices

Abstract The use of animal‐borne devices in wildlife studies is increasing due to the miniaturization of sensors and reductions in component costs. Retrieval of animal‐borne devices is often advantageous for several reasons, including data retrieval and animal welfare considerations; however, commercially available drop‐off units are often prohibitively expensive and/or unreliable. Here, we present ‘OpenDropOff’, an open‐source, low‐cost electronic drop‐off unit for remotely detaching animal‐borne sensors from individuals. OpenDropOff devices function by using heat, produced by running an electrical current through resistance wire (nichrome), to melt nylon (e.g. fishing) line, detaching sensors from animals at or after a pre‐determined time. OpenDropOff can be constructed using commercially available components (costing < USD $15 in total; approximately 10% or less of many commercially available drop‐off units) and can be customized to fit project‐ and species‐specific needs. Fourteen OpenDropOff devices have been field deployed on koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) (n = 11), swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) (n = 1), Australian brush turkey (Alectura lathami) (n = 1) and Australian white ibis (Threskiornis molucca) (n = 1), with the only detachment failure occurring after a device was damaged during the koala’s unrelated death. OpenDropOff devices provide a wider range of researchers with a reliable, cost‐effective tool for detaching animal‐borne sensors. Their use could allow researchers to more efficiently allocate project resources, and their flexibility provides an opportunity to mitigate animal welfare concerns surrounding the use of animal‐borne devices.

Recreational fisheries within the Portofino MPA and surrounding areas (Ligurian Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea)

In the Mediterranean Sea, recreational fishing is a popular activity and anglers catch a significant amount of fish which could represent more than 10% of the total harvesting in a littoral area. The Portofino Marine Protected Area, established in 1999 in the Ligurian Sea (North-Western Mediterranean), traditionally hosts a well-developed recreational fishery. Aim of this study has been to characterize the activities of the local anglers, analysing their annual harvesting within and around the Portofino MPA and the species composition of the catches. This was possible studying data from the mandatory anglers’ logbooks, and through interviews and surveys at sea. In 2015, the 340 checked anglers fished, in average, 1 kg/day, on average, mainly by trolling or handlining systems. Each fisherman, during 25 (± 21) trips, fished approximately 25 kg/year, for a total harvesting of about 8-9 t/year. Seriola dumerili, with 230 kg/year, was the species most caught in terms of biomass. It was followed by Coryphaena hippurus (130 kg/year). In addition, the analysis of catches occurring during local fishing competitions organized off the MPA limits suggested a harvesting capacity for each angler varying between 0.7 and 1.1 kg/angler per day, depending on the used gear (handlining, trolling, spear-guns). Finally, 36% of the anglers claimed to hook often the hard bottom seabed, often losing nylon lines. Consequently, the Management Body of the Portofino MPA has been advised to suspend recreational fishing activities in the most busy areas for a period of two years, calling for a complete removal of the lost fishing gears.

Endotracheal tube anchoring to the maxilla in an edentulous patient with a facial burn

Securing an endotracheal tube for the patients with facial blistering due to burns is problematic. Unstable fixation may cause dislodging of the tube. Various improvements have been reported to overcome this problem. However, they are not considered practical, because all methods require a special instrument, which may be impossible to obtain in emergent situations. In this report, we present a simple and easy technique to directly secure an endotracheal tube to the maxilla. A 64-year-old man sustained a scaled burn involving 10% of the total body surface area to the face and both hands. He also had inhalation injury and underwent immediate intra-tracheal intubation at a nearby hospital. As the patient's face was covered with blisters, the fixation of the tube to the skin was unstable. Also, the patient had no teeth to fix the tube. Thus, we directly fixed the endotracheal tube to the maxilla. A drill hole was made in the alveolar process of the maxilla using a Kirschner wire and hand-hold drilling instrument, and a nylon line was threaded through the hole and tied around the endotracheal tube. The tube was anchored securely until extubation for seven days. We describe a simple method to secure an endotracheal tube to the maxilla in a toothless patient who sustained facial burn, without any special instruments. Our procedure may be a favorable option for such patients who require immediate oral intubation.