Nylon 6 Research Articles

P‐96: Alignment Optimization on Gen. 4.5 G for High‐framerate Ultra‐high‐resolution Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays

We achieve high‐framerate (< 100 μs) high‐contrast‐ratio ferroelectric liquid crystal displays (FLCD) on Gen 4.5. Innovatively, a new polyimide (PI) that is suitable for ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) alignment is synthesized and tested on the production line. It replaces Nylon 6 (N6), which was the barrier to the commercialization of FLCD. Moreover, a new FLC is synthesized to match requirements in mass production. Additionally, various materials were studied to investigate the surface energy and relative performance. It is not only proof of the feasibility on the production line, but also a significant step towards the commercialization of field‐sequential‐color high‐resolution FLCDs.

Accessing chemically recyclable polyamides via geminal dimethyl substitution

The development of new chemically recyclable polymers could serve as a means of reducing the plastic pollution and alleviating global energy crisis and monomer design strategy has driven the innovation in this field. In this contribution, α-dimethyl substituted caprolactam (α-DMCL) and γ-dimethyl substituted caprolactam (γ-DMCL) were prepared to evaluate the substitution position effect on chemical recyclability and material performance in polycaprolactam (PCL) system. The introduction of geminal dimethyl substitution to ε-caprolactam (CL) at α and γ position could change the thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting polyamides P(α-DMCL) and P(γ-DMCL). Remarkably, thermal depolymerization of P(γ-DMCL) in presence of potassium caprolactamate (CL-K) could be carried out at 200 °C and converted to γ-DMCL in 91% yield. The recovered γ-DMCL was capable of repolymerization to P(γ-DMCL) without a decrease in reactivity, demonstrating the proof-of-concept recyclability of P(γ-DMCL).

Triboelectric touch sensor array system for energy generation and self-powered human-machine interfaces based on chemically functionalized, electrospun rGO/Nylon-12 and micro-patterned Ecoflex/MoS2 films

Highly tribopolar and minimized charge-loss tribolayers are great efficiency enhancers of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). This study introduces two composite films to enhance the efficiency of TENGs: electrospun amino-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (A-rGO)/Nylon-12 and micropatterned molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/Ecoflex as highly tribopositive and tribonegative layers, respectively. By incorporating A-rGO and MoS2 nanopillars into Nylon and Ecoflex, the positive and negative surface potentials increased by factors of 2.5 (from +350 V to +903 V) and 3.1 (from −433 V to −1352 V), respectively. The effects of the A-rGO and MoS2 contents on the TENG performance were investigated and optimized. The optimized TENG comprised a 2 wt% A-rGO incorporated Nylon-12 (NY2) and 1.5 wt% MoS2 embedded Ecoflex (EC1.5), exhibiting a maximum open circuit potential of 451 V, short circuit current of 13.3 µA, transfer charge density of 73.6 µCm−2 and instantaneous power density of 1.3 Wm−2 with a mechanical conversion efficiency of 96.7%. Furthermore, a flexible NY2/EC1.5 triboelectric sensor (TES) was fabricated without a spacer to obtain self-powered human-machine interfaces. The self-powered NY2/EC1.5-TES can detect and differentiate between various human motions, and a keyboard-based, self-powered NY2/EC1.5-TES achieved real-time communication between a TES Piano and a computer.

Electrospun nylon 6/hyaluronic acid/chitosan bioactive nanofibrous composite as a potential antibacterial wound dressing.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan (CS), as natural biomaterials, display excellent biocompatibility and stimulate the growth and proliferation of fibroblasts. Furthermore, nylon 6 (N6) is a low-cost polymer with good compatibility with human tissues and high mechanical stability. In this study, HA and CS were applied to modify N6 nanofibrous mat (N6/HA/CS) for potential wound dressing. N6/HA/CS nanofibrous composite mats were developed using a simple one-step electrospinning technique at different CS concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 wt%. The results demonstrated that incorporating HA and CS into N6 resulted in increased hydrophilicity, as well as favorable physical and mechanical properties. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration and (MIC) optical density techniques were used to determine the antibacterial properties of N6/HA/CS nanofibrous composite mats, and the results demonstrated that the composites could markedly inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. Because of its superior mechanical properties, substantial antimicrobial effects, and hydrophilic surface, N6/HA/CS at 2 wt% of CS (N6/HA/CS2) was chosen as the most suitable nanofibrous mat. The swelling, porosity, gel content, and in vitro degradation studies imply that N6/HA/CS2 nanofibrous composite mat has proper moisture retention and biodegradability. Furthermore, the N6/HA/CS2 nanofibrous composite mat was discovered to be nontoxic to L929 fibroblast cells and to even improve cell proliferation. Based on the findings, this research offers a simple and rapid method for creating material that could be utilized as prospective wound dressings in clinical environments.

Development of high performance thin-film (nano) composite membranes for forward osmosis desalination applications- a review

The impact of different additives on the achievement of FO membranes was designed, reviewed, and highlighted the performances of nanocomposite over traditional membranes with evidenced literature support. This review found that the surface hydrophilicity, roughness, porosity, FO water permeation, solute retention, reverse solute permeates (RSP), and specific reverse salt permeate (SRSP) has been greatly affected by the alteration of a skin layered structure of FO membrane. The review revealed that the TFN-FO membranes showed very high surface hydrophilic properties than the TFC-FO membranes. For example, the graphene quantum dots (GODs) based UiO66-NH2 crystals (GQDs@UiO66-NH2, 250 ppm, TFN-0.25%) membrane had a goniometer (contact angle) reading of 12° which indicated a super-hydrophilic property of nanocomposite membrane over traditional TFC membranes. In addition, the TFN-FO membrane showed the highest FO permeation rate of 84.7 L m-2h−1 for the ZnO-based TFN membrane (TFN-ZnO-0.5) and a very lower RSP value of 0.005 g/L for nylon-6 (N6) substrate containing silica dioxide (SiO2) nano particle (NP) support membrane with polyamide (PA) layer nano membrane (E. Spun N6/SiO2-PA/SiO2 TFN) suggested an excellent FO performance than TFC membranes. This review also suggested that the TFN membranes provided enhanced salt rejection and FO water flux with superior fouling resistant properties which are important parameters to enhance FO performances. Hence, TFN-FO membranes can utilize as a suitable candidate for desalination applications compared to TFC membranes.

Microplastics contamination in fish feeds: Characterization and potential exposure risk assessment for cultivated fish of Bangladesh

Fish feed is becoming an increasingly vital source of nourishment for farmed fish, which are mainly coming from marine fish and agricultural sources. Anthropogenic particles, such as microplastics, are abundant in both marine fish and agricultural byproducts that are utilized to make fish feed. This study investigated whether fish feed could be a source of microplastic contamination, and revealed that a 20 weeks adult farmed tilapia fish might consume up to 268.45 ± 1.438 microplastic particles via fish feed where finisher type feeds were found to be mostly contributory in this number. The microplastics were initially observed with a stereomicroscope and FESEM-EDS. Polymeric composition of microplastics was determined to be polypropylene (PP), nylon-6 (NY-6), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene (PE), high- and low-density polyethylene (HDPE, LDPE), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polycarbonate (PC), poly vinyl acetate (PVAc), poly urethane (PU) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by FTIR. Results also revealed that the size of microplastic particles in all fish feed ranged from 14 μm to 4480 μm, with 550 ± 45.45 to 11,600 ± 56.1 microplastic particles/kg of fish feed. The FESEM-EDS data demonstrated to overlook the microplastic surface along with attachment of heavy metals onto that surface such as Pb, Ni, and Co in finisher type feed that could create additional health risks.

Enhancing biodegradation of PBAT through bio-stimulation using Pseudozyma jejuensis for effective plastic waste reduction

Polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) is a flexible and biodegradable material that finds applications in mulching film and the food packaging industry. In this study, we aimed to address the global plastic waste problem by developing an improved biodegradation system for PBAT. Our focus was on utilizing the biodegradation capabilities of Pseudozyma jejuensis, a microorganism known for its ability to decompose Polycaprolactam (PCL). Through bio-stimulation, we aimed to enhance the growth mechanism of P. jejuensis and optimize PBAT biodegradation. Our results demonstrated significant structural changes in the PBAT film, as revealed by FT-IR analysis. Moreover, FE-SEM imaging exhibited evident surface erosion and pitting, indicating physical alterations due to biodegradation. These findings provide strong evidence for the efficiency of our developed biodegradation system. To fully harness the potential of this system and enable its practical implementation, further research is warranted to optimize and scale up the process. Our work contributes to the ongoing efforts to combat the global plastic waste crisis, offering a valuable solution for the efficient biodegradation of PBAT.

Design and evaluation of electrospun nylon 6/Zn-doped hydroxyapatite scaffold for lysozyme protein absorption

This study focused on the design and fabrication of a hybrid electrospun scaffold of nylon 6 (N6)/Zn-doped hydroxyapatite (ZH) nanoparticles for the absorption of lysozyme (LYZ) protein. The effects of electrospinning parameters were investigated by the central composite design method to introduce a roadmap to synthesize a promising hybrid electrospun polymer/ceramic scaffold for protein absorption. A quadratic model based on the coded factors indicated that the concentration of the electrospinning solution was the most effective parameter on the morphology and microstructure of the electrospun scaffold among the other parameters namely distance of needle to the collector, high voltage, and flow rate. The results of the suggested model were evaluated by SEM and TEM microscopies, and it was found that the model was also valid in the actual conditions. The practical hybrid scaffold was electrospun via 16.58 kV high voltage, 0.34 mL.h−1 flow rate, 12.44 cm distance, 17.21 wt.% of N6, and 2.13 wt.% of ZH. Furthermore, the kinetics of LYZ protein adsorption by pristine and hybrid electrospun scaffolds was studied. The results showed that the incorporation of Zn-doped HAp into N6 scaffolds could enhance the ability of protein adsorption 1.5 times more than the pristine N6 scaffold.

Microplastic quantification of nylon and polyethylene terephthalate by chromic acid wet oxidation and ultraviolet spectrometry

Microplastics are ubiquitous and their quantification in an environmental sample is important. This study modified the Walkley–Black titration method to measure the organic content of a synthetic sample containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or/and Nylon66 (NY) dissolved in a concentrated sulfuric acid solution, which was further converted to mass by incorporating the factors of carbon mass ratios by their molecular structures. The PET mass in concentrated sulfuric acid was also measured using UV/VIS spectrophotometer. The experimental results from the chromic acid wet oxidation showed that almost-complete oxidation of PET and NY by dichromate was achieved at the elevated temperature of 135 ∼ 140 °C, and the organic carbon resulting from existing PET and NY can be determined accurately. This study is a pioneer investigation using wet oxidation for PET and NY quantification. A step-by-step protocol was proposed to delineate the operating procedure of the modified chromic acid wet oxidation. By incorporating the UV/VIS spectrometry with chromic acid wet oxidation, the PET and NY content in a synthetic sample can be quantified. • Chromic acid wet oxidation was applied to quantifying PET and NY accurately. • UV/VIS spectrophotometer was found capable of measuring PET. • A heating system was introduced to improve the accuracy of wet oxidation analysis. • PET and NY can be measured by combining titrimetric and optical methods.

Identification and Evaluation of Microplastics from Tea Filter Bags Based on Raman Imaging.

Microplastic (MP) contamination is a public issue for the environment and for human health. Plastic-based food filter bags, including polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, nylon 6 (NY6), and polyethylene, are widely used for soft drink sub-packaging, increasing the risk of MPs in foods and the environment. Three types of commercially available filter bags, including non-woven and woven bags, were collected, and MPs released after soaking were mapped using Raman imaging combined with chemometrics. Compared with peak area imaging at a single characteristic peak, Raman imaging combined with direct classical least squares calculation was more efficient and reliable for identifying MP features. Up to 94% of the bags released MPs after soaking, and there was no significant correlation with soaking conditions. Most MPs were tiny fragments and particles, and a few were fibrous MPs 620–840 μm in size. Woven NY6 filter bags had the lowest risk of releasing MPs. Source exploration revealed that most MPs originated from fragments and particles adsorbed on the surface of bags and strings. The results of this study are applicable to filter bag risk assessment and provide scientific guidance for regulating MPs in food.

Separation of used automobile oil/water mixture by Nylon 6/ZnO nanoparticles electrospun membrane

The separation of water from oily wastewater by using membranes is a big challenge because of serious membrane fouling and low separation efficiency. So, for the first time, Nylon 6 (N6) membranes blended with ZnO nanoparticles with a N6 support layer by the electrospinning technique were fabricated, where the N6 layer enhanced the mechanical strength and ZnO NPs formed a strong barrier on the N6 membrane to reduce membrane pore-clogging. The micron pore size membranes created by hydrophilic ZnO NPs on electrospun Nylon 6 fiber–matrix structures contributed to the hydrophilicity and fouling resistance of the membranes. The optimal quantities of ZnO NPs and N6 in the electrospun membranes were 2.5 and 40 w.t%, respectively, for achieving the desired specific flux of 215.14 LMH/bar over 3 h when using a 0.1% v/v oil/water influent. Up to 90% of oil, chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids were removed to fulfill discharge requirements. The presence of ZnO NPs in the N6 membrane also exhibited excellent anti-fouling properties with the flux recovery ratio of 52.5 % and water flux of 405.6 LMH/bar, which was much better than those of a pristine N6 membrane, indicating the microfiltration membranes developed in this study were reasonably resistant to fouling to ensure high effluent water quality and the fabricated N6/ZnO NPs membrane is feasible in treating oil-containing wastewater.

Chitosan/collagen layer-by-layer deposition for improving the esophageal regeneration ability of nanofibrous mats

The morbidity of a diverse array of esophageal diseases has been increasing in recent years, and postoperative bacterial infection is a common potential risk. Current research on artificial esophageal stents is lacking and less than satisfactory. Artificial materials with excellent mechanical, antimicrobial, and cytocompatible properties at the same time still have great potential. In this study, chitosan (CS) and collagen (COL) were deposited on nylon 6 (N6)/silk fibroin (SF) composite nanofibers using layer-by-layer self-assembly (LBL). The obtained nanofibrous mats were characterized, and the results indicated that the surface morphology and hydrophilicity of the composite nanofibrous mats were obviously improved by the deposition of CS and COL. The mechanical properties of the composite nanofibrous mats were also improved after LBL modification. In addition, the LBL-structured nanofibrous mats possessed excellent antibacterial activity, reaching more than 90% inhibition of gram-positive and negative bacteria. The results of cell experiments indicated that the nanofibrous mats modified by CS and COL had excellent biocompatibility for promoting human esophageal epithelial cell adhesion and proliferation. In vivo animal experiments showed that the LBL-structured nanofibrous mats were beneficial to the healing of esophageal defects compared with the control group. In summary, LBL-structured nanofibrous mats are very promising materials for esophageal replacement to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.

Co-axial electrospraying of injectable multi-cancer drugs nanocapsules with polymer shells for targeting aggressive breast cancers

BackgroundThere is growing potential for nanocarrier-based drug delivery in cancer. However, an incomplete understanding of nano–bio interactions and the challenges regarding processing and fabrication in scale-up engineering techniques, controls over drug release, efficacy, and cytotoxicity to the human cell are the major challenges for its clinical success. The purpose of the study was to develop an electrospraying processing of injectable nanonized encapsulated chemotherapeutics to target primary and metastatic breast cancer tumor microenvironment for precise and controlled delivery.ResultsA novel coaxial electrospraying of multiple cancer drugs (paclitaxel and GW2580) as core and polycaprolactam (PCL) as the shell has been developed to produce multi-cancer drug nanocapsules. Using electrospraying process, we have successfully made nanocapsules containing paclitaxel to target breast cancer cells and GW2580, a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor to target CSF1R+ myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironments (TME). The UV–vis drug release test for 14 days shows a prolonged and sustained release pattern of both the drugs. In vitro and in vivo results showed the effects of nanocapsules containing multiple drugs in controlling the growth of tumor cells and increased survival of the animal bearing breast cancers.ConclusionNanonized multi-cancer drugs were encapsulated in a PCL shell. The drug doses ratio and the polymer-to-drug ratio were controlled by engineered process parameters. The studies showed the importance of making nanocapsules containing nanocrystals of multiple drugs, which will pave the way of making multiple drug combinations in a controlled manner and capsules can be designed for sustained release of the drugs after accumulation into the TME. TME-directed therapy can be a norm in future cancer treatment strategies. These injectable nanocapsules will allow cancer site-specific precision and controlled delivery to cure primary and metastatic breast cancer and to overcome the chemotherapy resistance.

Selective solvent extraction and quantification of synthetic microfibers in textile laundry wastewater using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

This paper reports a new qualification and quantification method for synthetic microfibers (MFs), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), nylon-6 (N-6), and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), emitted from textiles during the laundering process by applying a sequential process involving the filtration of laundry wastewater, solvent extraction with hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). After filtering the textile laundry wastewater, selective sampling of synthetic MFs excluding non-target matrices and natural fibers was achieved by extracting the filtered samples with HFIP. MF recovery for HFIP extraction by Py-GC/MS analysis was 91.4 %, 98.5 %, and 98.8 % for PET, N-6, and PAN, respectively. The calibration curves obtained from Py-GC/MS analysis for PET, N-6, and PAN in the weight range between 1 and 50 μg showed good linearity (R2 > 0.994). The detection and quantification limits were lower than 0.2 μg and 0.6 μg for all polymers. The quantification results for the MFs extracted from the textile made from a single filer indicated that PET, N-6, and PAN textile produced 481, 111, and 329 mg of MFs/kg textile, respectively. Compared to the single textile (PET), the blended textiles produced larger amounts of MPs, 961 mg/kg for PET/cotton and 680 mg/kg for PET/wool blended textiles, suggesting the easier formation of MFs from blended textiles during textile laundering.

Exploration of tribological estimation on alumina reinforced polymer mixtures evaluated by ANOVA approach

This paper reports the arrangement, portrayal and exploratory examination of Nylon 6 (N6) built up with alumina oxide (Al2O3) mixtures. The test samples were ready in an Injection molding machine, by fluctuating the weight extents of Al2O3elements mixed with N6. The tribological characteristics of the mixtures were seen by utilizing a nail to plate wear test rig under dry sliding conditions. The significant four boundaries were considered to appraise the wear of the mixture substances like load (P), speed (N), weight % (W), and sliding speed (V) and similar four-cycle boundaries are considered to foster the Numerical models. The mathematical models were created by the procedure of plan of the trial (DOE). ANOVA method was applied to take a look at the legitimacy of the model. Mathematical models were created and the reactions were successfully anticipated. Wear impacts of interaction boundaries on reaction were investigated by plotting outlines.

Molecular Imprinted of Nylon 6 for Selective Separation of Procaine by Solid-Phase Extraction

The study is based on the selective binding ability of the drug compound procaine (PRO) on a surface imprinted with nylon 6 (N6) polymer. Physical characterization of the polymer template was performed by X-ray diffraction and DSC thermal analysis. The imprinted polymer showed a high adsorption capacity to trap procaine (237 µg/g) and excellent recognition ability with an imprinted factor equal to 3.2. The method was applied to an extraction column simulating a solid-phase extraction to separate the drug compound in the presence of tinoxicam and nucleosimide separately and in a mixture of them with a recovery rate more than the presence of tinoxicam and nucleosimide separately and in a mixture of them with a recovery rate of more than 82%. Separation efficiency and excellent selectivity for procaine were ensured using a mixed solution injected into an HPLC technique consisting of a C18 column with a mobile phase mixture of water-acetonitrile (75:25) at pH 3.3. The study of drug control using an imprinted polymer with procaine compound showed that the complete drug release process is faster at pH1 in a maximum period of 80 min. The proposed method was successfully applied on some of the available pharmaceuticals, and it showed high selectivity for the separation of PRO, RE % was < 1.18, and RSD was less than 0.447.

Dummy molecularly imprinted membranes based on an eco-friendly synthesis approach for recognition and extraction of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in egg samples

In this work, novel dummy molecularly imprinted membranes (MIMs) were fabricated using the nylon-66 (NY-66) membranes as the subtracts based on an eco-friendly “sandwich” technology with less consumption of organic reagents at mild conditions for recognition and extraction of enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in egg samples. The prepared MIMs were characterized by SEM, ATR-FTIR and TGA, showing the successful construction of uniform and porous polymers on the surface of membranes. A series of adsorption affinity tests were investigated, indicating the prepared materials had specific recognition capacity and excellent stability as novel sorbents. Furthermore, Box-Benhnken design (BBD) and single factor investigations were applied to optimize pretreatment procedures, coupling with Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (UHPLC) detection. The method showed a good correlation (r2>0.9999) within the linear range of 5.0~5000.0 µg kg−1, and limit of detection (LOD) of ENR and CIP were 0.3 and 0.7 µg kg−1, respectively. The mean recovery ranged from 84.5% to 97.0% within relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 10.2%. Finally, ENR and CIP were not detected in 3 batches of egg samples. The current study developed the dummy MIMs as sorbents combined with UHPLC analysis for extraction and detection of target analytes in food matrices.

E-beam induced crosslinking of highly crystalline Nylon 6: Optimization of Triallyl isocyanurate concentration

Crosslinking efficiency of Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) in electron beam (EB) induced crosslinking of a highly crystalline polymer namely Nylon 6 (N6) has been investigated. Graded increase in physico-chemical properties like tensile strength, flexural strength and hardness with TAIC concentration was observed. Synergistic effect of TAIC and absorbed dose was noticed to a certain absorbed dose. DSC studies revealed that presence of TAIC and EB irradiation lead to decrease in crystallinity of N6. Significant decrease in water absorption capacity of N6 was observed on crosslinking. Swelling studies revealed that in presence of TAIC, N6 predominantly undergoes crosslinking on EB irradiation.

The effect of seawater aging on the pyrolysis of fishing nets

This study examined the effects of seawater aging on the physicochemical properties and pyrolysis behavior of nylon-6 (N6) and polyethylene (PE) using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The analyses revealed an increase in the contents of fixed carbon and ash in both N6 and PE due to aging in seawater for five months. FT-IR spectroscopy indicated an increase in the content of the hydroxyl group in the structures of both aged N6 and PE, suggesting their partial decomposition and oxidation during seawater aging. TGA showed that the maximum decomposition temperature (Tmax) and pyrolysis kinetic parameters of N6, such as the activation energy and pre-exponential factor, were changed by seawater aging. Although the Tmax of PE did not change significantly with seawater aging, the differential thermogravimetric peak shape and kinetic parameters of PE were changed by seawater aging. The isothermal Py-GC/MS results at 600 °C showed that aged N6 produced 3-amino-pentanol in addition to the typical pyrolyzates of fresh N6. Furthermore, the pyrogram of aged PE was similar to that of fresh PE.

High Flux and Antifouling Thin-Film Nanocomposite Forward Osmosis Membrane with Ingrained Silica Nanoparticles

A novel high flux and antifouling thin-film nanocomposite (TFnC) forward osmosis (FO) membrane containing silica (SiO2) nanoparticles was fabricated using a facile electrospinning technique followed by interfacial polymerization on the surface of an electrospun nanofiber mat. Both the electrospun nylon-6 (N6) substrate and the polyamide (PA) active layer contained superhydrophilic SiO2 nanoparticles enhancing the hydrophilicity of the fabricated FO membrane. The electrospun N6/SiO2-supported TFnC FO membrane with a PA/SiO2 composite active layer was robust (tensile strength of 24.1 MPa) with a water contact angle of 14°. The membrane exhibited a high water flux (27.1 LMH) with a low specific reverse salt flux (5.9 × 10–3 mol L–1) at draw solution concentration of 1 M NaCl at 24 °C. The fabricated membrane also showed antifouling propensities for model foulants of sodium alginate and calcium sulfate. After fouling and cleaning operations, the flux recoveries were 98% and 94% (of the initial water flux) for the membranes fouled with sodium alginate and calcium sulfate, respectively. Moreover, a strong interaction between the active layer and the substrate highlighted the structural stability of the fabricated TFnC membrane.