Vomica Research Articles

Gastro Intestinal Disorders and Homoeopathy - A Retrospective Study

Introduction: Gastro intestinal diseases are the most common disorders seen worldwide. Microbiota is a term used for eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms. In case of infected persons, it can produce symptoms like diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, flatulency, pain abdomen, inflammation of intestine, etc. The most common presentations of Gastro intestinal disorders are heart burn, nausea and vomiting, dysphagia, indigestion, chronic recurrent pain abdomen, flatulency, belching, loss of weight, etc. Homoeopathy is a system where symptom similiarity and individualization is considered in remedy selection.The vulnerability and frequency of disease will decrease when medicine prescribed is based on individualization. This is a retrospective study analyzing the previous case history to assess the efficacy of homoeopathy in gastrointestinal disorders. 
 Materials and Methods: Case records of 261 patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal disorders with symptoms like pain abdomen, nausea, vomiting, heart burn, flatulence, diarrhea, bleeding per rectum, dysuria, hesitancy in urine etc. who had visited OPD of NHRIMH Kottayam Kerala from January 2022 to May 2022 (5 months) had been retrospectively analyzed to find out the most common gastrointestinal disorders and frequently indicated useful remedies in managing the patient. 
 Results and Discussion 
 It has been found that in our study maximum affection is in the age group of 51-60 and least in the age group of 91-100. Females were most affected than males. 45 new patients and 216 old patients had visited. The most common gastro intestinal disorders for which patients visited were Cholelithiasis, Gastritis and GERD.Most frequently indicated medicines were Nux vomica (20.69%), Sulphur (16.48%), Bryonia (9.96%), Argentum nitricum (9.58%) and Lycopodium (9.20%).The study showed drastic improvement in all the patients which proves that homoeopathy is highly effectivein gastrointestinal disorders. 
 Conclusion 
 From the above retrospective study, it is clear that when the homoeopathic principles were followed properly in treating a patient we can arrive at a permanent cure in all patients without any side effects.

Effectiveness of Homoeopathic Treatment in Haemorrhoids- An Observational Study

Background & objectives 
 Haemorrhoids are certainly one of the commonest ailments that afflict mankind. Bleeding and prolapse are the cardinal symptoms of haemorrhoids. Pain, mucus discharge and Itching, are the other most common complaints from the patients. This leads to reduced work efficiency, quality of life and increased financial burden on the patients. Homoeopathy is reported to have a significant role in haemorrhoids in both classical literature and recent studies. However, its efficacy in the South Indian population has not yet been reported. Thus, an effort has been made to find out the effectiveness of Homoeopathic treatment in haemorrhoids. 
 Methods 
 In this prospective, observational study, conducted at Fr. Muller's Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Mangalore during the year 2002-2003, on patients of age groups between 20-75 years, based on their clinical presentation such as bleeding, pain, discharge, itching and examination. They were treated with homoeopathic medicines, using disease intensity scores as a parameter. This study protocol was approved by the Institutional ethical committee of Fr. Muller's Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Mangalore and consent was obtained from the participants. All the patients were followed for a minimum period of 3 months. 
 Results and Discussion 
 A total of 30 patients were enrolled and analyzed for the study. After treatment significant change is found in bleeding, pain, pruritus ani, and mucus discharge per rectum of the patients. However, no change is found in Prolapse. Symptoms were graded ranging from 0-3 depending upon the severity of the complaint. The sum of these grades were considered before and after treatment for the patients. Most frequently used medicines were Sulphur (n = 6), Lycopodium (n = 5), Natrum mur (n = 4), Pulsatilla (n = 3) and Nux vomica (n = 3). The Statistical analysis ‘t-test’ showed, that the calculated value of 13.7 is greater than the tabled value of ‘t’ at the 5% level with 29 df (2.045). This shows the positive effect of homoeopathic medicines in the treatment of haemorrhoids. 
 Conclusion 
 It is concluded that homoeopathic treatment is effective in haemorrhoids, which is reflected in significant reduction in symptoms of haemorrhoids, as observed with the disease intensity score.

Efficacy of individualized homeopathic medicines in treatment of post-stroke hemiparesis: A randomized trial

Background: Hemiparesis is a serious motor impairment following stroke and affecting around 65% of stroke patients. This trial attempts to study the efficacy of individualized homeopathic medicines (IHMs) in comparison with identical-looking placebos in treatment of post-stroke hemiparesis (PSH) in the mutual context of standard physiotherapy (SP). Methods: A 3-months, open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (n = 60) was conducted at the Organon of Medicine outpatient departments of National Institute of Homoeopathy, West Bengal, India. Patients were randomized to receive IHMs plus SP (n = 30) or identical-looking placebos plus SP (n = 30). Primary outcome measure was Medical Research Council (MRC) muscle strength grading scale; secondary outcomes were Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) version 2.0, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and stroke recovery 0–100 visual analogue scale (VAS) scores; all measured at baseline and 3 months after intervention. Group differences and effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated on intention-to-treat sample. Results: Although overall improvements were higher in the IHMs group than placebos with small to medium effect sizes, the group differences were statistically non-significant (all P>0.05, unpaired t-tests). Improvement in SIS physical problems was significantly higher in IHMs than placebos (mean difference 2.0, 95% confidence interval 0.3 to 3.8, P = 0.025, unpaired t-test). Causticum, Lachesis mutus, and Nux vomica were the most frequently prescribed medicines. No harms, unintended effects, homeopathic aggravations or any serious adverse events were reported from either group. Conclusion: There was a small, but non-significant direction of effect favoring homeopathy against placebos in treatment of post-stroke hemiparesis. Trial registration: CTRI/2018/10/016196; UTN: U1111–1221–7664

Scope of Homoeopathic medicines in Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD)

Backgroud: Internet gaming disorder is a pattern of excessive and prolonged Internet gaming that results in a cluster of cognitive and behavioural symptoms.
 Objective: To find out the group of homoeopathic drugs that may be indicated in Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD).
 Methods: Reviewing the Homeopathic literature, Reviewing the studies done on IGD, Finding the group of medicines indicated in IGD
 Results: Polychrest Homeopathic medicines Stramonium, Belladonna, Nux vomica, Vertrum album, Pulsatilla, Ignatia, Calcarea carbonicum, Platinum, Aurum metallicum, Natrum muriaticum and Lycopodium were selected
 Conclusion: This study is a step towards profiling of Homoeopathic medicines for IGD. Further studies for clinical verification of these medicines on IGD can be undertaken.

Test of a Homeopathic Algorithm for COVID-19: the Importance of a Broad Perspective.

Most of the symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are covered by large repertory rubrics and hence many remedies have been proposed as "genus epidemicus". The aim of this study was to combine the information from various data collections to prepare a COVID-19 Bayesian mini-repertory/an algorithm-based application (app) and test it. In July 2021, 1,161 COVID-19 cases from 100 practitioners globally were combined. These data were used to calculate "condition-confined" likelihood ratios (LRs) for 59 symptoms of COVID-19. Out of these, 35 symptoms of the 11 medicines that had at least 20 cases each were considered. The information was entered in a spreadsheet (algorithm) to calculate combined LRs of specific combinations of symptoms. The algorithm contained the medicines Arsenicum album, Belladonna, Bryonia alba, Camphora, Gelsemium sempervirens, Hepar sulphuris, Mercurius solubilis, Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla and Rhus toxicodendron. To test concordance, the doctors were then invited to re-enter the symptoms of their cases into this algorithm. The algorithm was re-tested on 358 cases, and concordance was seen in 288 cases. On analysis of the data, bias was noticed in the Merc group, which was therefore excluded from the algorithm. The remaining 10 medicines, representing 81.8% of all cases, were included in the preparation of the next version of the homeopathic mini-repertory and app. The Bayesian mini-repertory and app is based on qualitative clinical experiences of various doctors in COVID-19 and gives indications for specific medicines for common COVID-19 symptoms. It is freely available [English: https://hpra.co.uk/; Spanish: https://hpra.co.uk/es ] for further testing and utilization by the profession.

HPLC-MS/MS analysis of primary alkaloids in rat plasma after oral administration of “Nux vomica - Glycyrrhiza glabra decoction”: A pharmacokinetic study

Ethnopharmacological relevanceDecoction is the most common form of administering traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). During the preparation of decoction, the high temperature and complex chemical environment result in the formation of complex and multiple phases. The differences in drug components in different phases induce gastrointestinal absorption and physiological response. Nux vomica (Strychnos nux-vomica L) is a typical toxic TCM used in China, with remarkable pharmacological activity. In order to reduce its toxicity, nux vomica (NV) is often decocted with Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) in clinic, and the detoxification mechanism has always been the focus of research interest. Most studies investigated the compatibility of NV-GG, but the in vivo behavior of individual constituents based on phase state has yet to be elucidated. Aim of the studyTo investigate the pharmacokinetic behavior of typical toxic components in different phase states of “NV-GG decoction” in rat plasma. Materials and methodsThe sediment, suspension, colloid and true solution of “NV-GG decoction” was obtained via physical methods. The main components in different phase states were analyzed via reliable UFLC-Q-TOF-MS high-resolution mass spectrometry. A rapid and accurate HPLC-qqq-MS/MS method was established and validated for accurate determination of brucine and strychnine levels in plasma, followed by pharmacokinetic evaluation of different phase states of “NV-GG decoction” in rats. Kinetex F5 100A (50 mm × 3.0 mm, 2.6 μm) column was used for chromatographic separation. Aqueous solution containing acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid was used as the mobile phase, followed by gradient elution at 0.4 mL/min. Mass spectra were detected by electrospray ionization (ESI) multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive ion mode. ResultsFifteen different alkaloids were detected in different phase states of “NV-GG decoction”. Strychnine and brucine, which are toxic components with high content, were selected for quantitative analysis. The established UPLC-qqq-MS/MS method is accurate and reliable with a good linearity (R2 > 0.99) in the respective concentration range, satisfying the quantitative requirements. The pharmacokinetic parameters of different phase states of rats differed significantly after gavage. The deposition phase was the most prominent. The index components showed higher Cmax, AUC0 and Tmax, while the T1/2, MRT, V/F and CL/F were the smallest, with a relatively slow plasma clearance rate in rats. The true solution group showed the lowest Tmax and the fastest absorption. ConclusionThis method has been successfully utilized to study the pharmacokinetics of different phase states of “NV-GG decoction”. Among the four phases, the deposition phase contributed to a large proportion of the in vivo kinetic behavior similar to that of sustained-release preparations, with slow absorption of toxic components and prolonged peak time. The pharmacokinetic parameters and plasma concentration-time curves of each phase can be used to study toxicity reduction of NV-GG and increase its biocompatibility.

A case series on homoeopathic medicine nux vomica in insomnia disorder highlighting unattainable goals as the cause of chronic stress

Background: Insomnia disorder due to chronic stress is a common problem and it cause morbidity and reduced quality of life. Identifying the cause of stress can help in homoeopathic medicine selection for the betterment of sleep. Methods: Thirty case profiles of insomnia disorder patients who are all having chronic stress are selected. Cases were treated with individualized homoeopathic medicine after case taking, analysis, evaluation and repertorization. Results: Four of the thirty individuals had insomnia disorder due to chronic stress of unattainable goals. These four cases were treated with Homoeopathic medicine Nux vomica and it has significant result in managing insomnia disorder due to chronic stress of unattainable goals. Conclusion: Homoeopathic medicine, Nux vomica has significant effect in managing insomnia disorder due to chronic stress of unattainable goals.

A case report on fatty liver with renal calculi treated with homoeopathy

This is a case of 43 years male presented with right sided pain in abdomen associated with tightness in abdomen since 1 month. He was also suffering from the scanty urination along with red-brick like sedimentation in urine, pain in back which is of radiating type and pain in posterior part of the leg. On investigation it is found that patient is suffering from fatty liver and renal calculi. Systematic case taking followed by repertorisation of the totality of symptoms was done by Synthesis Repertory using RADAR software in order to choose the individualised remedy where Lycopodium, Sepia, Nux vomica, Lachesis and China were shortlisted.

Effectiveness of dynamic homoeopathic preparation of Nux vomica in reducing the craving for alcohol in dependent subjects

Background: Alcohol is one of the main contributors to diseases world-wide which leads to a potentially preventable death. Alcohol use disorders are the most prevalent of all substance use disorders. Alcohol dependence poses physical, psychological, economic and social issues to the individual, families and community. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of Nux Vomica 1M in reducing the craving for alcohol in dependent subjects.Materials and Methods: Cases presenting with Alcohol dependence are assessed with Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) and Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) for craving and dependence respectively. Nux vomica 1M was given orally twice a day for 8 weeks. The data obtained from the pre and post treatment was statistically analyzed. Results: Paired sample t test showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the before and after PACS scores (t=9.55, df=29, p< 0.001) with a mean difference of 7.77±0.81(95%CI: 6.10to 9.43). The before and after scores of SADQ were significantly different (t=8.94, df=29, p

Systems Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Reveals the Mechanisms of Nux Vomica for the Prevention of Myasthenia Gravis.

Background Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disease with clinical symptoms of fluctuating muscle weakness. Due to the side effects of current therapies, there is an urgent need for a new medication for MG treatment. Nux vomica is a traditional Chinese medicine used in various diseases. However, the mechanism of action of Nux vomica against MG remains unclear. Methods Network pharmacology was used to explore the underlying mechanisms of Nux vomica in MG treatment, which was validated using molecular docking and in vivo experiments in mice. Results Twelve bioactive compounds and 72 targets in Nux vomica were screened. Seventy-nine myasthenia-related targets were obtained from the GENECARD and DisGeNET databases. PPI networks of Nux vomica- and myasthenia-related targets were constructed using Bisogenet, and these two networks were subsequently merged into an intersection to establish a core-target PPI network that consisted of 204 nodes and 4,668 edges. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that 132 pathways were enriched in 204 core targets. In addition, we obtained 50 docking pairs via molecular docking. In vivo experiments revealed that Nux vomica can improve the symptoms of MG. Conclusion Nux vomica is involved in the pathogenesis of MG through the “multicomponent-target-pathway” mechanism.

A Pre-Post Interventional Study for Evaluating the Usefulness of Homoeopathic Medicine Nux vomica to Combat the Side Effects of Liposomal Amphotericin B Injection in the Cases of Mucormycosis

Abstract Introduction India reported a recent surge in mucormycosis cases, after outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019. Treatment for this entity is multifaceted and involves surgical debridement of affected tissues and antifungal treatment. In current practice, amphotericin B and isavuconazole are the two antifungal agents recommended for the primary therapy of mucormycosis. Possible side effects of liposomal form of amphotericin B (LAmB) include fever, chills, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and headache after the infusion is started. Nux vomica is a homoeopathic medicine and is one of the best remedies with which to commence treatment of cases that have been drugged by mixtures, bitters, vegetable pills but only if symptoms correspond. The aim of this study was to observe the effectiveness of homoeopathic medicine Nux vomica to combat the side effects of LAmB injection in the cases of mucormycosis. Methods Total 55 diagnosed cases of mucormycosis, admitted in the Tertiary Care Centre (Govt. of Delhi), were enrolled in the study as per inclusion criteria. After reportorial analysis, Nux vomica 30C was given to the patients from 2nd day of administration of LAmB. Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale was used to assess the improvement in the cases by comparing the scores obtained before and after the treatment. Result Out of 55 cases, 42 showed marked improvement from 7th day onwards after administration of Nux vomica 30C. Result was analysed by using one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey Honest Significant Difference and was found statistically significant at 5% level of significance. Conclusion This study indicates that Nux vomica is possibly a useful medicine to combat the side effects of LAmB injection in the cases of mucormycosis. Nux vomica helped to improve the condition of the patients and enabled them to continue the required conventional treatment for their speedy recovery. More studies are required for further validation.

A Case of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Treated by Nux Vomica: A Case Report

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is the most commonest functional disorder of the digestive tract. Most of the person in this world suffers from it. In the Homoeopathy, we have lots of scope for treating this kind of functional disease. In this article, I discussed brief summary of IBS and a case which was treated by homoeopathic medicine ‘Nux Vomica’.

Heteroisotherapics effect on the treatment against smoking: a cognitive-behavioral approach

Background The most common way of consuming nicotine is in tobacco cigarettes. Nicotine causes intense addiction. The National Cancer Institute coordinates and executes the Tobacco Control Program in Brazil, through actions that encourage the adoption of healthier lifestyles. In this context, homeopathy has used Heteroisotherapic medicines formulated according to the homeopathic pharmaceutical technology with scientific evidence of efficacy in the detoxification of substances and metals, and in the desensitization of foods or medicines. Aims Promote the importance of the cognitive-behavioral approach in combination with the homeopathic treatment against smoking. Methodology In the initial phase of the randomized double-blind clinical study (CEP / HUCFF / UFRJ 65622916.2.0000.5257), the effectiveness of the 6CH heteroisotherapeutic drug was assessed. Volunteers were recruited and in-person welcoming meetings, using the cognitive-behavioral approach, were carried out to inform them about the risks of smoking and the benefits of quitting. In addition, they were supported and guided during the smoking cessation process so that they could deal with the withdrawal syndrome, the psychological dependence and the constraints associated with smoking. Results and discussion 84 participants were selected according to the inclusion criteria, and divided by randomization into two groups: the Test Group (heteroisotherapeutic medication) and the Control Group (homeopathic medication Nux vomica 6CH). Both groups will be followed for 12 months. The combination of the following approaches has led to a significant increase in the cessation rate: I. Prepare the smoker for solving his own issues; II. Stimulate skills to resist temptations to smoke; III. Prepare to prevent relapse; IV. Prepare to deal with stress. Studies show that, regardless the duration of these approaches, there is an increase in the abstinence rate. Moreover, the longer the total approach time (frequency multiplied by the time spent on each contact), the higher the abstinence rate. On the other hand, from a total approach time of 90 minutes on, there is no further increase in the abstinence rate. Conclusion The partial results obtained so far demonstrate that the cognitive-behavioral approach played a decisive role in the groups performance, favoring the treatment adherence as well as the group cohesion around the Project's objective, contributing to the effectiveness of the medicine, a decreased anxiety, improved sleep, cessation or decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the abstinence rate.

Treatment of urolithiasis with a homoeopathic constitutional remedy: A case report

Urolithiasis is a common complaint worldwide; its prevalence has risen considerably in the past few decades. Lifestyle changes and environmental factors are the most probable predisposing factors. Conventional management mostly comprises surgical intervention; however, the condition may recur. Homoeopathic constitutional medicine treats the patient as a whole and prevents recurrence of the symptoms. In the case report presented here, the patient was diagnosed with renal calculi based on ultrasonography reports and was successfully treated with the homoeopathic constitutional medicine (Nux vomica), which was prescribed after careful case taking, thorough analysis, evaluation and repertorisation.

Homoeopathy in a case of head injury: A case report

A head injury is any trauma to the scalp, skull or brain. Head injury can be either closed or open (penetrating). Common head injuries include concussions, skull fractures and scalp wounds. We are discussing here an emergency case of head injury having frontal pain with swelling and bruises on face associated with for 2 hours given primary care treated therapeutically first then repertorization of the case was done according to the characteristic symptoms of the case. Many medicines have been obtained after repertorization of the case including Arnica, Nux vomica, Rhus tox, Aurum etc., but the best selected medicine was found out to be Arnica as it scored highest and covering all the rubrics of the case.

Preparation and Standardisation of Mother Tincture from Strychnos potatorum: A New Drug Source in Homoeopathy

AbstractStrychnos potatorum L.f. is a deciduous tree of 12 metre height, belongs to Loganiaceae family under genus Strychnos and is commonly distributed throughout India. Its flowering time is from February to May and fruiting time from October to March. This plant contains diaboline as active compound and besides it, terpenoid, cardiac glycoside and phenolic compounds as other phytochemical constituents. Recent study has revealed that the plant's seed has antidiabetic, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, antipyretic, antineoplastic, antimicrobial and contraceptive properties. Hence different systems of medicine like Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha have included this plant in their pharmacopoeial preparation and use it according to their own principles. Ayurvedic system uses the seed against skin disease, gonorrhoea, fever and inflammation of the eyes. Unani system uses it for treatment of urinary complaints whereas Siddha system uses it for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Genus Strychnos is a well-known genus to homoeopathy system. Drugs like Ignatia and Nux vomica belong to this genus, but no data till today regarding the above-stated plant are available in the homoeopathic pharmacopoeia of India. So, the objective of this physiochemical study is to search the scope of inclusion of this plant as new medicinal source in homoeopathic system of medicine for the purpose of drug proving. Keeping this objective in our mind, chemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of the seed was done by thin layer chromatography and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, which was followed by preparation and standardisation of mother tincture.

ANTIBIOTIC EFFECTS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM STYCHONS NUX VOMICA ETHYL ACETATE ROOT COLUMN FRACTION AGAINST CLINICAL RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS STRAINS

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of leaf and root silver nanoparticles synthesized using different solvents. According to our studies the AgNPs of Strychons nux vomica synthesized from different solvent extract of root revealed to possess significant activity comparing to the antibacterial activity exhibited by AgNPs of leaf extract. Among the AgNPS tested, AgNPs synthesized using ethyl acetate extract showed highest inhibitory activity comparing to AgNPs synthesized using acetone and methanol extracts. The ethyl acetate extract based AgNPs showed highest zone of inhibition 29.2 mm noted against MRSA. Activity when compared with reference drugs used in the study, was found subtle low with the activity of Dicloxacillin (29.8mm) and high with Clindamycin (28.5mm). Leaf extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against clinically resistant S. aureus species. Among AgNPs tested, ethyl acetate extract, showed high growth inhibition activity against MMSA and MRSA with zone of inhibition 21.5 and 19.9 mm respectively. However, it is failed to inhibit the growth of VRSA. On the other hand, Ag NPs synthesized using acetone extract showed antibacterial activity against all three tested bacterial strains. The zone of inhibition 16.9, 17.8, 15.8mm was noted against MMSA, MRSA, VRSA respectively. Following to acetone extract Ag NPs, methanol extract Ag NPs are also exhibited antibacterial activity. The zone of inhibition 15.5, 12.1, 16.7 noted against MMSA, MRSA, VRSA respectively.

Karyomorphological studies in two species of genus Strychnos L. significant in ethno-pharmacological aspects

In the present investigation, Strychnos nux vomica L. and Strychnos wallichiana Steud. ex A. DC. have been selected for karyotypic investigation to strengthen genetic relationships. Chromosome number recorded in S.nux vomica is 2n=32 while in S. wallichianais 2n=40. In both species A-type, B-type and C-type chromosomes were observed with 28 metacentric chromosomes and 4 sub-metacentric in S. nux vomica and 38 metacentric and 2 sub-metacentric chromosomes in S. wallichiana. The total form per cent (T.F %), Dispersion Index (DI), Asymmetry index (AI) depict the symmetric karyotype of chromosomes which represents their primitive level in the family.

Pilot study on the action of Nux vomica 12cH os mice subjected to sleep deprovation.

This work was intended to evaluate the effects of the homeopathic medicine Nux vomica 12CH in stressed mice submitted to a sleep deprivation protocol. The remedy was chosen according to the homeopathic similarity law. Male mice were divided in 4 groups: sleep deprived (SD); animals allowed to sleep (control) and treated with water; SD treated with Nux vomica 12 CH (SD-NV); and control mice treated with Nux vomica (NV). The animals were exposed to sleep deprivation for 3 days. The animals were weighed and submitted to open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (PM) tests before and after the SD. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed.During the experiment, 10 µl of water or medicine were given orally to the mice, daily, between 9 and 10 a.m. The experiment was blindly conducted. All sleep deprived animals had decrease of weight gain, independent of the treatment employed. The group of animals treated with NV produced more excrement on second OF exposition, but the results, taken together, suggest that Nux vomica 12CH had no anxiolytic effects on sleep deprived animals.

Evaluation of homeopathic drugs for the management of Alternaria solani causing leaf spot disease in tomato under controlled conditions

Man is dependent on plants for almost every need and requirement. Hence, destruction of crop plants due to infection by fungal pathogens has always been an area of prime concern. The use of synthetic fungicides for disease management is harmful for human and animal health as well as soil. They enter the food chain and cause several deleterious effects on biosphere, contributing to significant declines in populations of beneficial soil organisms, soil acidification and compaction, thatch accumulation, and diminished resistance to diseases. Natural plant products are important sources of new agrochemicals for the control of plant diseases. Therefore, the In vitro evaluation of Homeopathic drugs against Alternaria solani was carried out at M.P.K.V, Rahuri. Total 20 different Homeopathic drugs were evaluated at 10%, 15% and 20% concentration by Poison food technique against these pathogens. Among the 20 different homeopathic drugs, Sulphur, Pulsatila nigricans, Podophyllum pellatum, Cina, Lycopodium clavatum, Nux vomica, Dulcamara, Colocynthis, Aconitum napellun, Natrum muriatum, Rhux toxicodendron, Arnica montana, Hepar sulphur, Arsenicum album were showed 100% inhibition over the growth of Alternaria solani were effective at 20% concentration. The drugs like Apis melifera, Cinchona officinalis, Sepia and Calcaria carbonica showed 87.78, 80.00, 64.44 and 57.78 % inhibition over Alternaria solani respectively.