Nutritional Value Of Diets Research Articles

Nutritive value of diets containing pods of faveira (Parkia platycephala Benth.) for confined finishing sheep

Performance and apparent digestibility were evaluated in sheep fed diets containing different amounts of faveira (Parkia platycephala) pods in replace to corn. Twenty crossbred Santa Ines lambs of approximately four months of age and average 21 kg were kept in individual stalls in randomized blocks and distributed according to weight. The following characteristics were evaluated: average daily gain, feed conversion and voluntary intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), total carbohydrates (TCH), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC); and apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, TCH, NFC and total digestible nutrients (TDN). P. platycephala pods inclusion in the diets promoted no significant difference in the intakes of dry matter, organic matter, total carbohydrate and total digestible nutrients and also sheep performance. There was no treatment effect in the digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, fatty acids, neutral detergent fiber or total digestible nutrients. There was no effect of treatment for organic matter digestibility, crude protein, fatty acids, neutral detergent fiber or total digestible nutrients. The inclusion of up to 75% of faveira pods in substitution to corn grains in diets for finishing animals does not influence weight gain or feed conversion, although the replacement of more than 50% compromises the digestibility of dry matter.

The effect of high rape cake and phytase addition on nutritive value of diets for broiler chickens

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of high rape cake (RC) content and microbial phytase added to phosphorus and calcium – deficient diet on nutritive value for broiler chickens .Two experiments were performed: a growth- on four groups of one-day-old broilers Ross 308,30 birds per group (6 replications of 5 birds) and digestibility experiment on 60 seven-day-old chickens divided into four groups of 20 birds (4 replications of 5 birds). The digestibility of starter diets evaluated on chickens at 7 days old and grower at 28 days. The diets used in digestibility tests were the same the growth trial. In growth experiment four diets were prepared for due periods: starters (1–21 day) and growers (22–49 day of chicken life). The control diet (SBM) did not contain RC, while experimental diets contained 15% (starters) and 20% (growers) RC of Lirajet cultivar. The experimental diet denoted RC HP had phosphorous (P) and calcuim (C) contents equal the control diet (phosphorus about 7.5g and calcium about 10g·kg−1), while diet denoted as RC LP contained less P and Ca (about 5.8g and about 6.8g·kg−1 respectively) than the respective RC HP and diet denoted RC LP+Phy was supplemented with enzyme preparation contained phytase at quantity (0.35g·kg1). Application of 15% of RC into starter and 20% into grower diets allowed to obtain similar body weight and feed efficiency, but had significantly unprofitable effect on fat digestibility in the first period of fattening, whereas improved of performance results in second period of fattening, had profitable effect on slaughter results and fatty acids composition of meat, but unprofitable on heart. Reduction of phosphorus and calcium contents significantly decreased body weight of younger chickens (pB0.05), and the application of phytase improved the digestibility of crude phosphorus, it did not have a significant effect on rearing and slaughter results. It is concluded that RCs can be used in broiler diets and phytase supplementation can beneficially influence the nutritional value of rape diet with lower content of P and Ca. Introduction of RC with 15% (starter) and 20% (grower) may also negatively affect the heart of birds fed pressed RCs.

Effects of carob bean gum on performance, nutrient digestibility and Salmonella enterica var. Enteritidis colonisation in chickens

Salmonella is presently one of the microorganisms of higher concern for food safety in poultry products. The present study examined the effect of feeding galactomannans from carob bean gum on nutrient digestibility and performance in chickens, and on the prevalence of Salmonella enterica var. Enteritidis in challenged animals. Four experiments were performed with either broiler or leghorn chickens, challenged with 106CFU (colony-forming units) of S. Enteritidis at 1day of life, and feeding carob bean gum at different concentrations (25, 50 or 100g/kg, depending on the experiment), alone or in combination with β-mannanase, cellulase or α-galactosidase at 8.3U/g; or feeding D-mannose at 25g/kg, or depolymerized carob bean gum or guar gum at 100mg/kg. Trials lasted 3or 4weeks. Body weight and feed intake were determined and feed conversion ratio calculated (feed:gain). Faeces were collected during the last week on trial for evaluation of nutrient balance (energy, lipids and protein), using chromium oxide as inert marker. Viscosity of the ileal content was also determined at the end of the second experiment. Salmonella presence in caeca was determined two and 3weeks after challenge. Performance and nutritive value of diets were impaired in birds fed carob bean gum, with higher effect at higher inclusion rates. D-mannose impaired performance variables only whereas depolymerized gums did not affect bird performance or nutritive value of the diets. Of the enzymes tested, only β-mannanase significantly decreased the viscosity of the intestinal contents of birds fed carob bean gum and partly counteracted the impairment in bird performance and the reduction in the nutritive value of the diets. The number of Salmonella-positive birds varied among experiments and was lower in the third week post-challenge compared to the second week post-challenge. However, the reduction in the number of Salmonella-positive birds was more constant and marked when carob bean gum was present in the diet. The inclusion of carob bean gum in the diet of chickens at the high concentrations used in the present experiment reduced the presence of Salmonella in challenged birds, but it also impaired performance and nutrient digestibility. These impairments were partially counteracted by the addition of β-mannanase to the diet. Carob bean gum might be used to reduce the incidence of Salmonella in chickens, while its negative effects on performance and nutrient digestibility could be counteracted by β-mannanase.

Energy and protein allowances and requirements in stallions during the breeding season, comparing different nutritional systems1

This study was conducted to estimate the nutritional value of diets given to stallions of different breeds during the reproductive season, and comparing allowances with requirements. The systems compared were the French INRA, the 1989 NRC, and the 2007 NRC. Data on reproductive activity, daily exercise, BW, BCS, feed intake, and feed composition during 4 mo (from March to June) were recorded on 12 stallions used for commercial AI programs. Stallions belonged to 3 different breeds: Italian Haflinger (IH, n=4), Holstein (HOL, n=4), and Italian Heavy Draft horse (IHDH, n=4). Data recorded were used to estimate the actual energy and protein intakes and theoretical requirements of the stallions using the aforementioned systems. A deviation index [DI = (intake - requirement)/intake × -1] was calculated to allow a comparison among methods as a proportion of under- or overestimates of theoretical requirements. All data were statistically analyzed with a mixed model for repeated measurements. The reproductive activity of the stallions was affected by month (less in March and greater in subsequent months; P<0.05). Daily exercise was generally low during the middle breeding season, and the intensity and kinds of exercise differed according to the breeds. Changes of BW and BCS of the stallions were not statistically significant (P=0.69 and P=0.17, respectively) during the experimental period, and therefore diets could be considered balanced to support all animal needs. However, the energy and protein allowances were not always consistent with the theoretical requirements considering all 3 nutritional systems. Energy and protein INRA recommendations showed, on average, +0.90 and +0.27 greater DI than actual intakes, respectively, for IH and HOL stallions, whereas the theoretical requirements were much closer to allowances for the IHDH stallions (DI close to 0). The 1989 NRC energy and protein recommendations, respectively, were +0.67 and +0.87 greater than intake for IH, +0.28 and +0.43 greater for HOL, and only +0.06 and +0.17 greater for IHDH stallions. The 2007 NRC energy and protein recommendations, respectively, were +0.70 and +0.52 greater for IH, +0.33 and +0.17 greater for HOL, and +0.52 and +0.49 greater for IHDH than actual intakes. Therefore, all systems overestimated the requirements of the stallion, particularly in lighter breeds. Further studies to validate requirements for breeding stallions of different sizes are recommended.

Celiac disease, gluten-free diet, and oats

Oats in a gluten-free diet increase the diet's nutritional value, but their use remains controversial. Contamination with prolamins of other cereals is frequent, and some clinical and experimental studies support the view that a subgroup of celiac patients may be intolerant to pure oats. Thus, this issue is more complex than previously suggested. In order to produce oats that are safe for all celiac patients, the following topics should be addressed: selection of oat cultivars with low avenin content, research on such recombinant varieties of oats, development of assay methods to detect avenins in oat products, guidelines for the agricultural processing of oats and the manufacture of oat products, as well as guidelines for following up with celiac patients who consume oats.

Biochemical compounds’ dynamics during larval development of the carpet-shell clam Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus, 1758): effects of mono-specific diets and starvation

Successful larval growth and development of bivalves depend on energy derived from internal (endotrophic phase) and external (exotrophic phase) sources. The present paper studies survival, growth and biochemical changes in the early developmental stages (from egg to pediveliger) of the clam Ruditapes decussatus in order to characterize the nutritional requirements and the transition from the endotrophic to the exotrophic phase. Three different feeding regimes were applied: starvation and two mono-specific microalgal diets (Isochrysis aff galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans). A comparison between fed and unfed larvae highlighted the importance of egg lipid reserves, especially neutral lipids, during a brief endotrophic phase of embryonic development (first 2 days after fertilization). Egg reserves, however, may energetically contribute to the maintenance of larvae beyond the embryonic development. In fed larvae, the endotrophic phase is followed by a mixotrophic phase extending to days 5–8 after fertilization and a subsequent exotrophic phase. Metamorphosis starts around day 20. The intense embryonic activities are supported by energy derived from lipids, mainly from neutral lipids, and the metamorphic activities are supported by energy derived essentially from proteins accumulated during the planktonic phase and depend on the nutritional value of diets. The diet of I. aff galbana proves to be more adequate to R. decussatus larval rearing. The results provide useful information for the successful production of R. decussatus aquaculture.

Physiological effects of long-term feeding diets supplemented with potato fibre or cellulose to adult rats

Nutritional value of diets containing 10% potato fibre or cellulose (diets MPF and MC, respectively) and their long-term effects on parameters related to potential health benefits were studied in rats. In a first experiment nutrient digestibility and metabolisable energy of the diets were determined. In a second experiment, each diet was fed to 20 male and 20 female rats aged nine weeks old during 12 (Lot W12) or 24 (Lot W24) weeks. Feed intakes per cage and body weight of rats were registered. In all animals organ weight was determined and in animals of Lot W12 and in males of Lot W24 biochemical blood parameters were analysed. In males of Lot W24, caecal SCFA concentration and body composition were also determined. Testosterone blood concentration was determined in males of Lots W12 and W24. Protein and fat digestibilities were lower, while those of ash, crude fibre and NFE were higher in the MPF than the MC diet. The energy value of the MPF diet was greater but energy intake was similar for both diets. Body weight, body protein and fat contents in males of Lot W24 did not differ between the groups, while body ash was significantly greater in MPF than MC rats (2.64 vs. 2.17 g/100 g BW). SCFA concentration and pool were considerably greater in MPF than MC rats, the SCFA profile being similar. Potato fibre did not affect total cholesterol, whereas it decreased triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in Lot W12 of both genders, and tended to decrease them in males of Lot W24. Blood glucose and testosterone concentrations and relative mass of prostate were significantly depressed by the MPF diet in males of Lot W24. It can be concluded that feeding potato fibre stimulates caecal fermentation, improves mineral absorption and does not affect total cholesterol levels. The concentration of lipids, VLDL, glucose and testosterone depended on potato fibre in an age-dependent way.

Valor nutritivo de dietas contendo raspa integral da mandioca para ovinos confinados

The nutritional value of diets containing 0; 12; 24; 36 and 48% of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) scrapings (CS) was evaluated for feedlot sheep. Twenty crossbred Santa Inês sheep, with average initial body weight of 17.0 ± 2.6 kg and 4-5 months of age were used in a performance and digestibility experiment. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted with five treatments (diets) and four replications (sheep). The inclusion of CS reduced (p < 0.05) NDF intake: Ŷg day-1 = 373.67 - 2.58X, R2 = 0.39; Ŷ%BW = 1.29 - 0.008X, R2 = 0.61 and Ŷg/BW0.75 = 29.89 - 0.19X, R2 = 0.56, as NDF digestible (Ŷg day-1 = 191.33 - 1.37X, R2 = 0.25). There was no effect (p > 0.05) of the inclusion level of CS on weight gain and feed conversion, with averages of 252.66 g day-1 and 4.86, respectively. The inclusion of CS increased linearly (p < 0.05) the digestibility of DM (Ŷ = 71.35 + 0.16X; R2 = 0.73), CP (Ŷ = 64.42 + 0.19X; R2 = 0.27) and ADF (Ŷ = 31.77 + 0.22X; R2 = 0.22). The nutritional value of diets with CS justify its use as an alternative ingredient of diets for ruminants in feedlot, and adjustments in diets to nutrients requirements are necessary, particularly protein.

Avaliação de métodos laboratoriais para estimar a digestibilidade e o valor energético de dietas para ruminantes

Foi avaliada a acurácia dos métodos laboratoriais para estimar a digestibilidade e o valor energético de dietas para bovinos de corte. As dietas experimentais foram isonitrogenadas e compostas por silagem de milho e 25, 40, 55 ou 70% de concentrado. Os valores de digestibilidade medidos in vivo foram comparados com os obtidos nos ensaios in situ, in vitro e in vitro/gases, e com valores estimados a partir de equações matemáticas baseadas na composição química das dietas. O ensaio in vivo foi realizado com quatro bovinos em delineamento em quadrado latino 4×4. Quatro animais foram usados para o ensaio in situ e quatro corridas foram realizadas para os ensaios in vitro. Não houve interação significativa de dietas versus métodos. As taxas de degradação calculadas a partir dos ensaios in situ e in vitro/gases não foram acuradas para estimar o valor nutritivo dos alimentos, e o método in vitro foi o que melhor estimou a digestibilidade das dietas. A equação de Weiss superestimou o valor nutricional das dietas por superestimar a digestibilidade da fibra e por subestimar a excreção endógena fecal, mas essa equação foi mais acurada que as equações de McDowell.

Effect of high rape cake content supplemented in enzymes on the nutritional value of a broiler diet and intestinal lactic acid bacteria number

The studies were designed to determine an effect of partial replacement of soybean meal with rape cake supplemented with enzymes on the nutritional value of diets and the number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the ileum and caecum of broilers. The experiment 1 (growth trial) was carried out on 120 one-day-old broiler chickens Ross 308 which were randomly divided into four homogenous groups, 30 birds per group (15 males and 15 females). Each treatment consisted of six replicates of 5 birds. A control diet contained soybean meal whereas in the experimental, a part of the soybean meal was replaced by 15% rape cake from the Kaszub cultivar and supplemented with enzyme preparations containing xylanase or phytase added individually or in combination. On the 21st day of experiment six birds from each group were scarified and the ileum and caeca were isolated for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) determination. The experiment 2 (digestibility trial) was carried out on 60 sevenday-old chickens divided into four treatments of 20 birds (4 replications of 5 birds) to determine nutrient digestibility of diets used in the growth trial. The digestibility test was carried out by the total collection method. The inclusion of 15 % rape cake instead of soybean meal and the addition of enzyme preparations did not decrease body weight gain and feed intake. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher in the group fed the diet in which phytase was added separately. A simultaneous application of xylanase and phytase statistically (P<0.05) increased the digestibility of crude fibre and N-free extracts. The lactic acid bacteria number was the highest in the caecum and ileum of birds fed the diet containing the xylanase preparation, whereas xylanase and phytase preparations added in combination had no effect on lactic acid bacteria number.

Effects of expander conditioning on the nutritional value of diets with dried distillers grains with solubles in nursery and finishing pigs (2008)

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of expander conditioning on nutritional value of diets without and with corn- and sorghum-based dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). In Exp. 1, 180 nursery pigs (average weight 29 lb) were assigned to 30 pens. Treatments were arranged as a 3 × 2 factorial with main effects of diet formulation (corn-soybean meal vs. 30% corn- or sorghum-based DDGS) and conditioning (standard steam vs. expander) prior to pelleting. Pigs fed corn-soybean meal diets had better (P < 0.005) ADG, F/G, and digestibility of DM, N, and GE than pigs fed diets with DDGS. Diets with corn-based DDGS supported better (P < 0.03) ADG, F/G, and digestibility of DM and N than diets with sorghum-based DDGS. Expander processing improved (P < 0.009) ADG, F/G, and digestibility of DM, N, and GE compared with standard conditioning. Pigs fed diets with sorghum-based DDGS showed the greatest response in F/G to expander conditioning leading to a DDGS source × conditioning interaction (P < 0.008). In Exp. 2, 176 finishing pigs (average weight 164 lb) were assigned to 16 pens. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of diet formulation (corn-soybean meal vs. 40% sorghum-based DDGS) and conditioning (standard steam vs. ex-pander) prior to pelleting. Net electrical energy required for feed processing was lower (P < 0.001) and production rate was greater (P < 0.005) for the corn-soybean meal diets than for diets with DDGS. However, pellet durability was improved (P < 0.001) by addition of DDGS to the diets. Pigs fed corn-soybean meal diets had better (P < 0.03) overall ADG and F/G than pigs fed diets with DDGS. Expander conditioning did not affect ADG (P > 0.83) but improved overall F/G and dressing percentage (P < 0.007). In Exp. 3, 192 finishing pigs (average weight 222 lb) were assigned to 16 pens to determine nutrient digestibility. Treatments were the same as in Exp. 2. Feed and water was consumed ad libitum during a 6-d adjustment period; then, feces were collected for 2 d. Corn-soybean meal diets had greater (P < 0.001) digestibility of DM, N, and GE than diets with DDGS, and expander conditioning improved (P < 0.02) digestibility of DM, N, and GE compared with standard conditioning. However, the improved digestibility of DM with expander conditioning was apparent primarily for the DDGS diets (diet × conditioning interaction, P < 0.01). In conclusion, expanding diets improved ADG, F/G, and nutrient digestibility in nursery pigs and F/G, dressing percentage, and nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs fed diets without and with DDGS.; Swine Day, 2008, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2008

Assessment of dietary lecithin and cholesterol requirements of mud crab, Scylla serrata, megalopa using semi-purified microbound diets

The effects of varying dietary lecithin and cholesterol levels on growth, development and survival of mud crab, Scylla serrata, megalopa were evaluated using six semi-purified, microbound diets formulated to be iso-energetic and containing three levels of supplemental lecithin (0, 20 and 40 g kg−1 diet dry weight) and two levels of supplemental cholesterol (0 and 7 g kg−1 diet dry weight). Fifteen megalopa were reared individually in each treatment and the nutritional value of diets was assessed on basis of mean dry weight and mean carapace width of newly settled first crab stage, as well as development time to the first crab stage and overall survival. A significant interaction between supplemental dietary lecithin and supplemental dietary cholesterol was found for final mean dry weight of newly settled crabs, and highest survival (60%) was recorded for megalopa fed diets containing the highest levels of dietary lecithin (39.7–44.1 g kg−1) (diet 5 and 6) regardless of whether diets were supplemented with cholesterol; this rate of survival was identical to that of megalopa fed live Artemia nauplii. The results indicate that supplemental dietary cholesterol may not be essential for mud crab megalopa when fed diets containing sufficient levels of supplemental dietary phospholipids.

Nutritional value of diets containing graded levels of wheat distillers grains with solubles fed to broiler chicks

AbstractThis feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of wheat distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on nutrient digestibility and performance when fed to broiler chicks. A total of 125, day‐old, male broiler chicks (52.8 ± 0.6 g) were fed wheat/soybean meal‐based diets containing 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20% wheat DDGS. There were five birds per pen and five replicate pens per treatment. Digestibility coefficients for dry matter (P = 0.001), energy (P = 0.001) and phosphorus (P = 0.001) declined in a linear manner with increasing levels of wheat DDGS in the diet. Despite the lower digestibility of nutrients in diets containing wheat DDGS, there were no significant differences in weight gain (P = 0.721), feed intake (P = 0.748) or feed conversion (P = 0.766) due to the incorporation of wheat DDGS in the diet, although weight gain and feed conversion showed a tendency to decline at the highest inclusion level (20%) in the diet. The overall results of this study indicate that wheat DDGS can be successfully incorporated into diets fed to broiler chicks. Potential detrimental factors contained in wheat DDGS, including a low energy and low lysine content, can be compensated for in diet formulation. Therefore, when the price of alternative feed ingredients dictates, wheat DDGS can be incorporated into diets at levels as high as 15% without detrimental effects on broiler performance. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry

Effects of feeding method, diet nutritive value and physical form and genotype on feed intake, feeding behavior and growth performance by meat goats

Thirty-two F1 Boer × Spanish (28.7 ± 0.49 kg) and 40 3/4 Boer–1/4 Spanish (31.9 ± 0.47 kg) wethers, approximately 5 months of age, were used to compare feeding systems with different dietary treatments. Feeding systems were Calan gates and automated feeding units allowing one animal to consume feed at a time. Two diets included concentrate (C) and two were dehydrated alfalfa (A), fed pelletized (P) or loose (L). The main effect of feeding method was not significant for any variable. There was an interaction in DM intake (DMI) involving feeding method, diet, and genotype, which indicated that with a concentrate diet, regardless of physical form, DMI was not influenced by feeding method. Main effect dietary treatment means (1.78, 1.67, 2.04, and 1.70 kg for C-P, C-L, A-P, and A-L, respectively; S.E. = 0.030) indicated that pelletizing had a slightly greater effect on DMI with A versus C. ADG was lowest among treatments for A-L (212, 205, 190, and 157 g for C-P, C-L, A-P, and A-L, respectively; S.E. = 8.9), and ADG:DMI was greater for C versus A (127, 120, 94, and 94 g/kg for C-P, C-L, A-P, and A-L, respectively; S.E. = 7.8). Both ADG and ADG:DMI were similar between genotypes. For wethers subjected to automated feeding units, the number of feeder visits was lowest among diets ( P < 0.05) for C-P (23.1, 31.2, 35.7, and 35.7 per day; S.E. = 2.00); total feeder occupancy time per animal ranked ( P < 0.05) C-P < A-P < C-L and A-L (74, 130, 105, and 122 min/day; S.E. = 6.8), and rate of DMI was greater for P than for L diets (24.6, 12.9, 22.0, and 13.7 g/min for C-P, C-L, A-P, and A-L, respectively; S.E. = 3.89). In summary, meat goats can markedly vary feeding behaviors in response to different diet types and forms; however, there appear limits to such changes, as exemplified by lowest ADG for A-L. Calan gates and automated feeding systems appear similar in the ability to compare growth performance with treatments such as the concentrate-containing diets and genotypes of this experiment. Pelletizing does not seem to affect growth performance with diets consisting of appreciable concentrate. Effects of pelletizing on growth performance of meat goats consuming forage diets may be attributable to change in level of feed intake, without impact on efficiency of feed utilization.

Effects of Extrusion on Nutritional Value of Diets Containing Corn Gluten Meal and Corn Distiller's Dried Grain for Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

The effects of diet processing methods on diets containing increasing levels of a combination of corn distiller's dried grain with solubles (CDDGS) and corn gluten meal (CGM) to replace fish meal in diets of rainbow trout were investigated. A two by four factorial treatment arrangement was used with two types of diet processing methods (cold-pelleted and extruded) and four levels of corn products replacing fish meal protein (0, 25, 50, or 75%). There was an effect of processing method and level of corn products on weight gain and feed conversion ratio, and an interaction of those effects. Extrusion of diets containing the corn products did not improve fish growth compared to fish fed the cold-pelleted feed (extrusion of the wheat-containing diet did improve weight gain and feed conversion). There were interactions between process type and level of corn products on protein retention efficiency, and apparent digestibility coefficients for both dry matter and energy. The presence of indigestible carbohydrate in the CDDGS limited replacement of fish meal with the corn products to 18% of the protein.

Biological response of rat fed diets with high tuber content of conventionally bred and transgenic potato resistant to necrotic strain of potato virus (PVY N) Part I. Chemical composition of tubers and nutritional value of diets

In experiments on rats, nutritional properties of a diet with high content (40%) of potato tubers obtained from conventional or genetically-modified potato were determined. The potato cultivar Irga was transformed with viral genome sequences in order to improve its resistance to a necrotic strain of potato virus Y (PVY N). Four lines of genetically-modified potato were compared with non-transgenic somaclone from cv. Irga and three conventional cultivars Irga, Maryna and Ania. Potato tubers were autoclaved, dried and introduced to the diets which contained similar amount of protein (levelled through small addition of casein), fat, minerals and vitamins. Genetic modification of potato had no effect on the chemical composition (e.g. crude protein, starch, dietary fibre content and amino acid composition of protein) and nutritional properties of tubers (diet intake, animal growth, protein utilisation). Higher differences between chemical composition (especially in crude protein and starch content) and biological response of rats were determined in the case of diets containing tubers from conventional potato cultivars Ania, Maryna and Irga. Obtained results indicate that transgenic potatoes with genetically improved resistance to PVY N are substantial and nutritional equivalence to the non-transgenic cultivar.

The effect of arabinoxylanase and protease supplementation on nutritional value of diets containing wheat bran or rice bran in growing pig

The effect of arabinoxylanase and protease supplementation on nutritional value of diets containing wheat bran or rice bran in growing pig

Digestibilidade aparente e desenvolvimento de eqüinos em crescimento submetidos a dietas compostas por diferentes níveis de substituição do feno de Tifton 85 pela casca de soja

Dois experimentos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de avaliar nutricionalmente a utilização da casca de soja na alimentação de eqüinos em crescimento. Foram utilizadas quatro dietas, uma ração testemunha e três dietas teste, nas quais a casca de soja substituiu em 33,3; 66,6 e 100% o feno de Tifton 85. No ensaio de digestibilidade, foram utilizados quatro potros, com 11 meses de idade, peso vivo médio de 350±26kg, para determinar o valor nutritivo das rações contendo diferentes níveis de casca de soja, utilizando delineamento experimental em quadrado latino (4 períodos x 4 animais). Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, fibra bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido apresentaram valores de 62,48, 66,35, 79,49 e 82,77%; 66,08, 65,16, 75,41 e 74,09%; 62,59, 62,62, 75,17 e 74,05% e 61,12, 57,15, 73,34 e 72,27%, respectivamente, para as dietas testemunha e com 33,3, 66,6 e 100% de substituição do feno de Tifton 85 pela casca de soja. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta não apresentaram diferenças significativas (valores médios, respectivamente, de 69,67, 71,95, 74,08 e 75,03% para as dietas testemunha e com 33,3, 66,6 e 100% de substituição do feno de Tifton 85 pela casca de soja). No experimento de desempenho, foram utilizados 16 potros, com 15 meses de idade, peso vivo médio de 255,19±21,12 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e quatro animais por unidade experimental durante 75 dias. Não foram verificados efeitos das dietas sobre as variáveis de desempenho de eqüinos em crescimento. Concluiu-se que as dietas para eqüinos podem ser formuladas com substituição total do feno de Tifton 85 pela casca de soja, sem afetar o desempenho.

Qualidade da Dieta Selecionada por Bovinos na Sub-Região da Nhecolândia, Pantanal

Objetivou-se com o estudo determinar o valor nutritivo da dieta selecionada por vacas de cria, numa área característica da sub-região da Nhecolândia, Pantanal, durante dois anos hidrológicos (outubro de 1997 a setembro de 1999). Mensalmente foram colhidas manualmente amostras das partes das principais forrageiras selecionadas por bovinos, identificadas por meio de observação direta, para análise de proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e lignina (LIG). A digestibilidade da matéria orgânica (DMO) da dieta foi avaliada em amostras fecais com o uso da espectrofotometria de reflectância no infravermelho proximal (NIRS). Houve efeito interativo de ano e época para todos os constituintes químicos analisados na dieta. O valor nutritivo da dieta selecionada por bovinos diminuiu no período de abril a junho, em ambos os anos estudados. As vacas apresentaram uma melhor condição corporal de setembro a março do ano hidrológico 1998/99, no qual a dieta apresentou valores médios de 60,4% de digestibilidade, 10% de PB; 40,20% de FDA; 71% de FDN e 6,0% de lignina, considerada adequada para obtenção de um desempenho reprodutivo satisfatório. Portanto, o valor nutritivo da dieta selecionada por bovinos na sub-região da Nhecolândia depende especialmente da intensidade e distribuição das chuvas, responsáveis pela maior ou menor presença de água nas unidades mais baixas, que possuem forrageiras de melhor qualidade.

Nutritive value of diets containing poultary litter for sheep

Nutritive value of diets containing poultary litter for sheep