Sports Nutrition Supplements Research Articles

Service Failures and How the Perception of Justice Affects the Level of Satisfaction

Purpose: The market for sports nutrition, vitamins and supplements is rapidly growing especially online. This study focuses on ways to explore service failures and service recovery strategies of students buying online sports nutrition products and supplements during the COIVD-19 crisis. The objective of this study is to contribute to the research in the field of service marketing and develop and understand how a customer evaluate the respond of an online sports nutrition and supplements retailer to a service failure and how the perception of justice affects the level of satisfaction. Design/Methodology/Approach: The goal is met through an extensive literature review and the implementation of practical research. With 155 completed responses from students from eight different universities in CEE and SEE a web-based survey was conducted. Findings: There a strong evidence of a relationship between a higher effort of the customer and writing a negative online review. Online retailers putting (very) much effort into the situation are not confronted with shoppers writing either a negative or a review in general. Practical Implications: This research argues for strengthening customer service and a high involvement of customer service managers. Originality Value: This is a first paper which has analysed the service failures during the Covid-19 crisis.

Effect of Sports Nutrition Supplement on the Increase of Physical Strength Based on Mobile Sensor Network Technology

With the development of signal processing technology and the appearance of small, low‐cost, and low‐power microprocessors, mobile sensor networks have begun to emerge in large numbers. In view of the different exercise abilities of different body components, mobile network sensor technology is used to monitor various data. Lean body mass is positively correlated with physical strength, aerobic capacity, and maximum oxygen uptake and is the main factor affecting explosive power, speed, and endurance. This article mainly studies the effect of nutritional supplementation in sports on physical strength. The subjects in this article are 10 male physical athletes. Three solid sports drinks with different nutrient composition ratios were selected from the national team’s nutrition centralized procurement product list, and a placebo with sugar‐free sweetener and purified water was used as a control group. The test measures the maximum oxygen uptake to determine the exercise intensity during the formal exercise test. Each stage includes exercise test day and washout period. Eat on the test day and provide a one‐hour static rest after a unified breakfast, and then, perform a 1‐hour power bicycle riding after the rest. During 0, 15, 30, and 45 minutes of exercise, drink the designated solution at 1.8 mL/kg body weight and record it as the corresponding solution group. Within 30 minutes immediately after the end of the cycling exercise, fluids should be refilled at 10 mL/kg of body weight. Experimental data showed that the levels of lactic acid in each group increased significantly after exercise compared to those at rest (P < 0.05), and there was no difference between the groups. There was no significant difference in the duration of the exercise ability test between the sports drink group and the placebo group. The experiment in this article shows that athletes can take appropriate measures to improve athletes’ physical activity level, increase daily energy consumption and a reasonable and balanced diet, which can effectively reduce the athlete’s body fat percentage, improve, and maintain a reasonable body composition. Among all the monitoring actions, the monitoring results indicate that the evaluation value of the action of combat is the highest, reaching 8.7.

In Vivo Effect of Resveratrol-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles to Relieve Physical Fatigue for Sports Nutrition Supplements.

Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural flavonoid polyphenol compound extracted from the plants which shows various biological activities. However, the clinical application of RSV is limited by its poor aqueous solubility, rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability. In this study, resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (RSV- SLNs) was design as a nano-antioxidant against the physical fatigue. The resultant RSV-SLNs were characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), transmission electron micrographs (TEM), zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy pattern. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-fatigue effect assays showed that RSV-SLNs prolonged the mice exhausted time and running distance. The biochemical parameters of blood related to fatigue suggested that RSV-SLNs have potential applications to improve the antioxidant defense of the mice after extensive exercise and confer anti-fatigue capability. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of antioxidant by RSV-SLNs supplementation was investigated through the analysis of silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) protein expression, which demonstrated that it could downregulate the expression of SIRT1 and increase autophagy markers, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62). These results reveal that the RSV-SLNs may have great potential used as a novel anti-fatigue sports nutritional supplement.

The Impact Of Sports Science-based Prehabilitation On Spontaneous Physical Activity After Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery

Complex surgery for abdominal cancer often leads to postoperative complications that may prevent post-surgical rehabilitation in old, frail, or malnourished patients. Prehabilitation is an emerging alternative strategy that has the potential to speed recovery and may be analogous to athletic preparations for gameday. For optimal physiological improvement to occur in a limited time period prior to the surgery, cancer patients undergoing prehabilitation interventions must work closer to their maximal physiological capacity (albeit a very low level) in a manner similar to that of competitive athletes. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of a 4-week sports science-based prehabilitation program on spontaneous physical activity in cancer patients who undergo major abdominal surgery. METHODS: Twenty-two cancer patients (63±11 years) who underwent major abdominal surgery were studied. Fourteen patients participated in a 4-week exercise and nutrition prehabilitation program prior to abdominal surgery. The sport-science based program comprised of an interdisciplinary approach, including blood flow restriction exercise and a daily sports nutrition supplement containing L-citrulline, creatine monohydrate, and whey protein. The remaining 8 patients served as controls. Physical activity of both groups was monitored for 5 days after surgery. Accelerometers were used to quantify number of steps, energy expenditure, and sedentary time. RESULTS: The prehabilitation group recorded 47.4% more total steps for 5 days after abdominal surgery than the control group (16,032±5,194 vs.10,877±5,182 total steps/5 days, p=0.037). The prehabilitation group had a greater amount of total energy expenditure than the control group (5,555±3,400 vs. 2,971±1,572 total kcal/5 days, p=0.028). There was no significant difference in total sedentary time between the two groups (5,064±597 vs. 5,414±514 min/5 days). CONCLUSIONS: This prehabilitation program composed of cutting-edge sports science practices significantly improved spontaneous physical activity after major surgery in older patients with abdominal cancers.

What are the beliefs and behaviours related to sport nutrition supplements, particularly regarding UAE regulatory issues, among male fitness centre members in Dubai?

ObjectivesThe current study sought to investigate how sport nutrition supplements are used among a population of gym users in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE), and the factors that underlie the consumption patterns of such supplements. MethodsA descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in fitness centres in Dubai, UAE. Face-to-face, questionnaire-based interviews were then conducted; the structured questionnaire that was used was mainly composed of two sections: demographic and socio-economic information and beliefs and behaviours regarding sport nutrition supplements. The data were analysed using SPSS version 24. ResultsA total of 300 respondents participated in this study and completed the whole questionnaire. In this study, 40.3% (95% CI 34.7%%–45.9%) of the respondents reported using sport nutrition supplements. The statistical modelling results showed that the belief that sport nutrition has positive effects on exercise performance, the belief that sport nutrition makes users healthier and smoking status were jointly highly associated with sport nutrition supplement behaviours. ConclusionThe restriction of the availability of these sport supplements over the counter (OTC) is recommended, and health care providers and regulatory bodies are encouraged to contribute to efforts to provide counselling and raise awareness of the proper methods of use and the possible risks of such intake behaviour.

Use of nutritional supplements by elite Japanese track and field athletes

BackgroundWhile scientific evidence supports the efficacy of only limited nutritional supplements (NS) on sports performance, the use of NS is widespread in athletes. Given the serious issues of health damage or unintended Anti-Doping Rule Violations due to ingestion of contaminated NS in sports, accurately understanding NS practices by athletes is crucial. This study therefore elucidated the use of NS by elite Japanese track and field (TF) athletes.MethodsThe subjects were 574 Japanese TF athletes, including 275 junior athletes (under 20 years) and 299 senior athletes, who participated in international competitions from 2013 to 2018. Data on NS use were collected through pre-participation medical forms obtained from all entrants before their participation in competitions. NS users were requested to report the product names and primary components of all NS they were taking.ResultsThe overall prevalence of NS use was 63.9%. The mean number of NS products used per athlete was 1.4. The prevalence was significantly higher in women (69.2%) than in men (59.6%) (p = 0.018) and significantly higher in senior athletes (68.9%) than in junior athletes (58.9%) (p = 0.012). The prevalence of NS use was higher in long-distance runners (75.8%) and lower in jumpers (52.3%) and throwers (49.2%) than other disciplines (p < 0.001). The most prevalent components were amino acids (49.3%), followed by vitamins (48.3%), minerals (22.8%), and protein (17.8%).ConclusionsApproximately two-thirds of elite Japanese TF athletes reported the use of NS, and NS practices varied by gender, age, and discipline.

A SPORTS Nutrition Supplement, Albizia Julibrissin Extract Fermented with Kefir Yogut Regulates Lipopolysaccharideinduced Inflammatory Signal

A SPORTS Nutrition Supplement, Albizia Julibrissin Extract Fermented with Kefir Yogut Regulates Lipopolysaccharideinduced Inflammatory Signal

Quantitative Analysis of Branched-chain Amino Acids in Five Nutritional Supplements Using a Leucine Dehydrogenase Assay (P23-004-19)

ObjectivesThe objective of this experiment was to determine the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) content in five different sport nutrition supplements compared to the amount claimed on the label. MethodsTo measure the BCAA content of five nutritional supplements, a leucine dehydrogenase enzyme assay was used. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction of turning the given BCAA (L-leucine, L-valine, and L-isoleucine), water, and NAD+ into their respective metabolite, NH3, NADH, and H+. Ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometry (UV/Vis) was used at 340 nm to create a standard curve. This curve uses the Beer-Lambert Law to measure NADH concentration from absorbance. NADH is in a 1:1 ratio with each BCAA molecule thus relaying the content of the given sample. The assay is specific to the three BCAAs in their free form. Other amino acids, as well as BCAAs in oligopeptides, do not interfere with this experiment. Products including oligo- and polypeptides were not included for testing. The assay was performed for each product and ran against a known standard (≥98% L-leucine) for validation. Due to different supplements having different BCAA amounts per serving, % content of the claimed amount was measured. ResultsCompared to the amount provided by the labels of each supplement, BCAA content was on average only 61% of the manufacturer claims when compared to ≥98% L-leucine. This shows that these BCAA supplements do not meet label claims for BCAA content (P < 0.01). ConclusionsThe five tested nutritional supplements contain significantly less branched-chain amino acid content than claimed on the label. This experiment can be expanded on in the future to test content of other BCAA containing supplements to determine how common underdosing is in the industry as a whole. Funding SourcesThe author claims no funding sources.

Sports Foods and Dietary Supplements for Optimal Function and Performance Enhancement in Track-and-Field Athletes.

Athletes are exposed to numerous nutritional products, attractively marketed with claims of optimizing health, function, and performance. However, there is limited evidence to support many of these claims, and the efficacy and safety of many products is questionable. The variety of nutritional aids considered for use by track-and-field athletes includes sports foods, performance supplements, and therapeutic nutritional aids. Support for sports foods and five evidence-based performance supplements (caffeine, creatine, nitrate/beetroot juice, β-alanine, and bicarbonate) varies according to the event, the specific scenario of use, and the individual athlete's goals and responsiveness. Specific challenges include developing protocols to manage repeated use of performance supplements in multievent or heat-final competitions or the interaction between several products which are used concurrently. Potential disadvantages of supplement use include expense, false expectancy, and the risk of ingesting banned substances sometimes present as contaminants. However, a pragmatic approach to the decision-making process for supplement use is recommended. The authors conclude that it is pertinent for sports foods and nutritional supplements to be considered only where a strong evidence base supports their use as safe, legal, and effective and that such supplements are trialed thoroughly by the individual before committing to use in a competition setting.

PO-202 Monitoring Chinese Table Tennis Players Physical Function Preparing for the Swedish World Table Tennis Championships

Objective In this paper, five people of the national table tennis men's team are selected as the research objects, and the blood biochemical index of the athletes are measured and analyzed. To understand and master the current physical fatigue and physical function recovery of key athletes based on the test results, and provide reasonable training program and sports nutrition supplements advice for key athletes, so that athletes can achieve the best physical condition, improve training effect and performance.&#x0D; Methods On April 10, 2018, at 7:15 in the morning, blood was collected from five main athletes in the fasting state, and blood biochemical analysis was performed to record athletes' white blood cell(WBC), hemachrome, blood urea nitrogen, creatine kinase(CK), testosterone/cortisol(T/C) and other biochemical index. And compared with the same period last year, to assess the physical performance of athletes. &#x0D; Results 1: The white blood cell values of the five main athletes were within the normal range(4.0-11.0), and there was significant improvement compared with the same period of last year; the hemoglobin values of the five main athletes were relatively well within the normal reference range(110-170) and increased compared with the same period last year.&#x0D; 2: Analysis of blood urea nitrogen results showed that Wang Chuqin and Ma Long's blood urea nitrogen measurement value was higher than the normal value (4.0-7.0); compared with the same period of last year, Ma Long blood urea nitrogen value increased by 33.3%; other members blood urea nitrogen value was within the normal range and there was no significant change compared to the same period last year.&#x0D; 3: Analysis of creatine kinase results showed that the CK levels of Wang Chuqin, Xu Xin and Ma Long were higher than the normal values ​​(50-310); compared with the same period of last year, the CK value increased by 263%. The CK value of Ma Long increased by 76.3%; other athletes CK value were in the normal range and stable.&#x0D; 4: Testosterone/Cortisol results showed that the T/C ratio of the five main athletes was &gt;0.03, which was in the normal range, and there was no significant change compared with the same period of last year.&#x0D; Conclusions 1: The five main athletes have good immune function and are good for ensuring disease resistance before and during the game.&#x0D; 2: The aerobic metabolism level of the male member is relatively good, which is beneficial to the body's aerobic endurance level. And compared with the previous aerobic endurance test results, the male aerobics members' aerobic capacity is in a stable state.&#x0D; 3: The blood urea nitrogen is relatively low in the normal reference range, indicating that the athletes are more suitable for the current training load and intensity, and the body recovers well; Wang Chuqin and Ma Long have better adaptation to the current training intensity.&#x0D; 4: Some atheletes have higher levels of CK. It is recommended to strengthen the positive recovery of muscle tension and relaxation after high-intensity training to better prevent muscle damage.&#x0D; 5: At present, the proteolysis and metabolism of the male member of the main is greater than of protein synthesis, and they five should increase the targeted supplement of dietary protein, vitamins and other nutritional supplements to improve testosterone levels.

Detection and quantification of phenethylamines in sports dietary supplements by NMR approach

Phenethylamines (PEAs) are popular substances found in weight-loss and sports nutrition supplements. They are generally pharmacologically active and primarily affect the sympathetic nervous system. Many PEAs are synthetic chemicals and are on the prohibited list of the World Anti-Doping Agency. In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was applied to detect and identify the presence of PEAs in sports dietary supplements without the need for chromatographic separation or pre-knowledge on formulation. Eight PEAs, viz. phenethylamine, synephrine, oxilofrine, hordenine, β-methylphenethylamine, N-methyltyramine, octopamine and deterenol, were identified from 32 dietary supplements sold in the US market. Furthermore, a quantitative NMR method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of the concentrations of the PEAs. The study demonstrated that NMR could be a potential tool to monitor and detect PEAs or other ingredients in dietary supplements.

Quantitation of underivatized branched-chain amino acids in sport nutritional supplements by capillary electrophoresis with direct or indirect UV absorbance detection.

The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) including leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val) play a pivotal role in the human body. Herein, we developed capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with conventional UV detector to quantify underivatized BCAAs in two kinds of sport nutritional supplements. For direct UV detection at 195 nm, the BCAAs (Leu, two enantiomers of Ile and Val) were separated in a background electrolyte (BGE) consisting of 40.0 mmol/L sodium tetraborate, and 40.0 mmol/L β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) at pH 10.2. In addition, the indirect UV detection at 264 nm was achieved in a BGE of 2.0 mmol/L Na2HPO4, 10.0 mmol/L p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) as UV absorbing probe, and 40.0 mmol/L β-CD at pH 12.2. The β-CD significantly benefited the isomeric separation of Leu, L- and D-Ile. The optimal conditions allowed the LODs (limit of detections) of direct and indirect UV absorption detection to be tens μmol/L level, which was comparable to the reported CE inline derivatization method. The RSDs (relative standard deviations) of migration time and peak area were less than 0.91% and 3.66% (n = 6). Finally, CE with indirect UV detection method was applied for the quantitation of BCAAs in two commercial sport nutritional supplements, and good recovery and precision were obtained. Such simple CE method without tedious derivatization process is feasible of quality control and efficacy evaluation of the supplemental proteins.

A Randomized Single Dose Parallel Study on Enhancement of Nitric Oxide in Serum and Saliva with the Use of Natural Sports Supplement in Healthy Adults

ABSTRACT Sports supplements that stimulate the production of nitric oxide (NO) are widely promoted agents in the sports nutrition domain, and nitric oxide plays an important role to enhance the cardiovascular and physical fitness of the sports participants. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether oral intake of a sports nutritional supplement (Fitnox) is able to increase nitrate (NO3 −) and nitrite (NO2 −) levels in blood serum and saliva of healthy adults. Fitnox is a unique blend of Kaempferia parviflora methoxy flavones, pomegranate peel polyphenols, and Moringa oleifera leaf saponins. Twenty-four healthy male adults were equally divided and underwent the double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with a single oral dose of sports nutrition formulation (250 mg capsules); blood and saliva samples were analyzed at different time intervals by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After administration of Fitnox (250 mg capsule as single dose), NO3 − and NO2 − levels in serum and saliva were found to be significantly higher (p <.05) than in the placebo group in 24 hours. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as the area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-inf), AUC calculated to the last measured concentration (AUC0-t), maximum drug serum concentrations (Cmax), time of maximum concentration in serum observed (Tmax), and time required for the concentration of the drug to reach half of its original value (Thalf) were also statistically significant (p <.05) compared with the placebo. The results indicate that a single oral dose of Fitnox is able to increase the NO3 − and NO2 − levels considerably in the body relative to placebo for at least 12 hours. Therefore, Fitnox can improve the overall performance of sport participants and enhance physical endurance.

The Efficacy of a Pre-Workout Vegan Supplement on High-Intensity Cycling Performance in Healthy College-Aged Males

ABSTRACTThere is a limited supply of sport nutrition supplements currently available for vegan or vegetarian athletes. In addition, the efficacy of a vegan or vegetarian pre-workout supplement that does not contain any processed ingredients or stimulants is currently unknown. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of an unprocessed vegan pre-workout supplement on high-intensity cycling performance. Participants completed three separate cycling trials following the consumption of a vegan pre-workout supplement, an isocaloric processed supplement, or a zero-calorie placebo supplement. Each supplement was consumed 30 minutes prior to each trial, and each cycling trial was separated by a minimum of 72 hours. Supplements were administered using a randomized, double-blind cross-over design. Each cycling trial was performed at a workload equal to 80% VO2peak until exhaustion. The average time in seconds (s) until exhaustion values for the vegan, isocaloric, and zero-calorie supplements were 482 ± 163, 480 ± 157, and 496 ± 238, respectively. Consumption of the vegan supplement did not significantly improve performance compared to an isocaloric and zero-calorie supplement (F = 0.12, p =.89). The results of this study indicate that individuals who choose a vegan pre-workout supplement (over an isocaloric or zero-calorie product) will not experience any acute decrements or ergogenic benefits in cycling performance. Although the present study does not support performance benefits of the tested vegan pre-workout supplement before cycling, additional research examining various exercise intensities and modalities is warranted.

A Candidate SPORTS Nutrition Supplement, Lonicerae Flos, Attenuates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice

A Candidate SPORTS Nutrition Supplement, Lonicerae Flos, Attenuates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice

Effect of Chinese Sports Nutrition Supplements on Physical Recovery and Improvement of Football Player Based on &lt;em&gt;Fuzzy&lt;/em&gt; Clustering Algorithm

Chinese sports nutrition supplement is a auxiliary driving means of movement training and match and the application of it on physical recovery and improvement of football player is studied in depth. Firstly, the development situation of Chinese sports nutrition supplements is summarized. Secondly, Fuzzy clustering algorithm based on Monte Carlo T inspection is analyzed and main indexes are introduced, respectively. Thirdly, the experimental objective and method are set. Finally, the experimental results show that the Chinese sports nutrition supplement can be applied in the physical recovery and improvement of football player effectively.

The Anti-fatigue Effect of Glutathione (GSH) Intercalation into Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles for Sports Nutrition Supplements

The Anti-fatigue Effect of Glutathione (GSH) Intercalation into Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles for Sports Nutrition Supplements

Preparation, characterization and in vitro antioxidant effect of glutathione (GSH) intercalation into layered double hydroxide nanoparticles for sports nutrition supplements

Preparation, characterization and in vitro antioxidant effect of glutathione (GSH) intercalation into layered double hydroxide nanoparticles for sports nutrition supplements

Risky Business

Sports nutrition supplements tempt athletes with promises of sleek, powerful bodies produced by pills, potions, and powders. However, many supplements are risky for athletes because an estimated 5% to 20% contain prohibited substances and unlabeled pharmaceuticals. Dietary supplements considered most at risk of containing unlabeled drugs and prohibited substances include those for sexual enhancement, weight loss, and muscle building. Sports governing bodies have banned or prohibited certain substances for athletes competing in all levels of sports; high school, college, elite, professional, and master athletes can all be tested. The banned ingredients can be in products unintentionally, due to poor hygiene in producing the supplement, or intentionally by the purposeful addition of unlabeled substances, such as anabolic steroids. Regardless of how the prohibited ingredient found its way into a dietary supplement, all sports organizations have a “strict liability” policy; that is, athletes are responsible for anything they put in their bodies, including dietary supplements. This article examines the issue of sports supplement contamination and provides athletes with resources to evaluate risky dietary supplements.

Research on the Characteristic of Energy Metabolism of Aerobics Sports and Reasonable Nutrition Supplement

The reasonable nutrition problem has received extensive attention. In this study, it takes the characteristics of aerobics sports as the breakthrough point, by analyzing the characteristics of energy metabolism of aerobics; it explains the composition of three large energy systems of energy metabolism, then discusses the nutritional requirements of Fitness Aerobics as well as the reasonable nutrition supplement measures.